2018 Ying Yu

英语备考导学宣讲
MBA大师-英语顾越
PAGE 01
英语在整个考试中的地位
总分300，（）
英语100，（）
综合200，（）
PAGE 02
英语考试的试卷题型解析
每题每题
题型题数期望得分（）
分值总分
I. Use of English 20
II. Reading A 节 20
comprehension B节 5
III. Translation 整篇翻译
A 节信函
IV. Writings
B 节说明议论文
PAGE 03
通过考试题型分析考试主旨
这篇试卷到底考什么？
文章
PAGE 03
我们应该怎么学？
基础
词汇
句法
PAGE 03
我们应该怎么学？
强化
完形填空
阅读理解
英译汉
写作
PAGE 05
分析试题，逐个击破
完型填空 - 词汇题
The high living standards of the US cause its present

population to ______25 percent of the world’s oil.
A. assume B. consume C. resume D. presume
形近词
PAGE 06
When the post fell_____. Dennis Bass was appointed

to fill it.
A. empty B. vacant C. hollow D. Bare
意近词
PAGE 07
Olympic Games are held every four years at a different site,
in which athletes from different nations compete against each
other in a variety of sports. In selecting the __1__ of the
Olympic Games, the IOC considers a number of factors, chief
among them which city has, or promises to build, the best
facilities, and which organizing committee seems most likely to
run the Games effectively.
1. A. site B. spot
C. location D. place
PAGE 08
The IOC also 2 which parts of the world have not yet
hosted the Games. In order to host the Olympics, a city must
submit a proposal to the International Olympic Committee
(IOC). After all proposals have been 3 , the IOC votes.
2. A. thinks B. reckons
C. considers D. calculates
3. A. supported B. submitted
C. substituted D. subordinated
PAGE 09
阅读理解
Anyway, the townsfolk can’t understand why the Royal
Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy. The theatre has broken
attendance records for three years in a row. Last year its 143
seats were 94 percent occupied all year long and this year
they’ll do better.
Q: According to the townsfolk. The RSC deserves no subsidy
because________.
A. ticket prices can be raised to cover the spending
B. the company is financially ill- managed
C. the behavior of the actors is not socially acceptable
D. the theatre attendance is on the rise.
PAGE 10
阅读理解
When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is
faulty or in some other way does not live up to the
manufacturer's claim for it, the first step is to present the
warranty, or any other records which might help, at the store of
purchase. In most cases, this action will produce results.
However, if it does not, there are various means the consumer
may use to gain satisfaction.
Q. The passage tells us .
A. how to settle a consumer's complaint about a faulty item
B. how to make an effective complaint about a faulty item
C. how to avoid buying a faulty item
D. how to deal with complaints from customers
PAGE 11
阅读理解
Prior to the 20th century, many languages with small numbers of

speakers survived for centuries. The increasingly interconnected
modern world makes it much more difficult for small language
communities to live in relative isolation, a key factor in language
maintenance and preservation. Minority languages can be best
preserved in_____.
A．an increasingly interconnected world
B．maintaining small numbers of speakers
C．relatively isolated language communities
D．following the tradition of the 20th century
PAGE 14
逻辑思维能力也是一种解题技巧
如果母鸡都会下蛋，那么_______.
A. 大母鸡下的鸡蛋大
B. 小母鸡下的鸡蛋小
C. 花母鸡也会下蛋
D. 公鸡不会下蛋
PAGE 15
英译汉
1. He borrowed a very interesting book about the
history of Qin Dynasty written by Zhang from the
grand library located in the center of the city which is
open to the public recently.
2. The American economic system is organized around
a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented
economy in which consumers largely determine what
shall be produced by spending their money in the
marketplace for those goods and services that they
want most.
PAGE 16
小作文
Suppose your class is to hold a charity sale for kids in
need of help. Write your classmates an email to
1) inform them about the details and
2) encourage them to participate.
You should write about 100 words on ANSERE SHEET 2.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter,
Use “LiMing” instead.
Do not write the address. (10 points)
PAGE 17
小作文 – 范文
Dear_____,
I am writing this letter to invite you to taking part in a charity sale
for kids in need of help. I think it would be a great honor for me if
you could participate
The sale will be held from 10:00am to 17:00pm this Tuesday in the
grand hall. All the classmates will be warmly welcomed and all the
money collected will be used to set up a shelter for the kids.
I hope this invitation is of interest. Please accept my invitation and
let me know at your convenience as soon as possible. I am
looking forward to your coming with great pleasure.
Yours sincerely
LiMing
(111words)
PAGE 18
大作文
Write an essay based on the following chart. In your essay, you should
1) interpret the chart, and
2) give your comments.
You should write at least 150 words.
Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)
PAGE 19
大作文
• As can be clearly seen from this (chart), great changes have taken
place in the number of ________主题_____. The number has been
increased/decreased from___数量_____in ___年份____to __数量____in ___
年份_____. While the number of ___________remains almost the same.
PAGE 20
大作文
• When it comes to the reasons for the changes, different people give
different explanations. I think the following ones are the most
important. First of all, thanks to the policy of reform and opening-up,
the national economy has been developing at a considerably high
speed in the past years, which contributes to these changes.
Furthermore, people are increasingly bettering off and have enough
money to make their life more convenient and more comfortable. Last
but not least, it is obvious that people are attaching greater
importance to the quality of their life.
PAGE 21
大作文
• With the development of society, the increasing trend (change) is

bound to continue for a few years in the future. As far as I am
concerned, it’s a positive (negative) trend and should be encouraged
(reversed) since it is beneficial (a threat) not merely to individuals but
to the whole society.
考研大纲词汇记忆方法揭秘
MBA大师：英语顾越
PAGE 02
考研大纲词汇记忆方法揭秘
课程大纲
考试大纲对于词汇要求的解读
词汇在考试中的考查形式
词汇记忆的方法
应试中词汇记忆的形式
PAGE 03
考试大纲对词汇部分的要求
考生应能较熟练的掌握常用词汇5500个
左右常用英语词汇及相关常用词组。
考生应能根据具体语境，句子结构或上
下文理解一些非常用词的词义。
PAGE 05
“量” 的解读，
5500？？？需要真的全部记忆吗？
① 简单词汇
PAGE 06
② 回忆词汇
PAGE 07
③ 构词法生成词
PAGE 08
④ 边缘词汇
PAGE 09
“质”的解读，
单词记忆到什么程度？
⑤
词汇在考试中的考查形式
PAGE 10
完形填空
形近词
Oil-rich nations are enjoying historic

gains and opportunities, while major
importers-including China and India,
home to a third of the world‘s
population-__________rising economic and
social costs.
A) confine B) conflict
C) conform D) confront
PAGE 11
完形填空
意近词
Countries like Russia, Venezuela and

Iran are well supplied with rising
oil_______ , a change reflected in newly
aggressive foreign policies.
A) interests B) taxes
C) incomes D) revenues
PAGE 12
完形填空
意近词
In the United States, as already high

gas prices rose even higher in the
spring of 2008, the issue cropped up
in the presidential campaign, with
Senators McCain and Obama ______for
a federal gas tax holiday during the
peak summer driving months.
A) asking B) requesting
C) calling D) demanding
PAGE 13
阅读理解
篇章理解
Choose from sweet oranges, big ruby red

grapefruit and Texas Grapefruit, to other seasonal fruit
selections, such as Pears, Clementines, Tangelos and
other gourmet fruit gift ideas. Texas Grapefruit and
other Texas Citrus are our specialties! Send citrus gifts
for all occasions, from an anniversary, birthday or
corporate gift idea, to even a wedding.
PAGE 14
阅读理解
篇章理解
Ms. Carr was 31 when she was diagnosed with a

rare form of cancer that had generated tumors on
her liver and lungs. Ms. Carr reacted with the normal
feelings of shock and sadness. She called her parents
and stocked up on organic food, determined to
become a "full-time healing addict." Then she picked
up the phone and called everyone in her address
book, asking if they knew other young women with
cancer.
PAGE 15
阅读理解
篇章理解
The result was her own personal "cancer posse": a

rock concert tour manager, a model, a fashion
magazine editor, a cartoonist and a MTV celebrity, to
name a few. This club of “cancer babes” offered
support, advice and fashion tips, among other things.
The phrase “cancer posse” probably refers to
________ .
A) a cancer research organization
B) a group of people who suffer from cancer
C) people who have recovered from cancer
D) people who cope with cancer
PAGE 16
英译汉
“Sustainability” has become a popular word

these days, but to Ted Ning, the concept will always
have personal meaning. Having endured a painful
period of unsustainability in his own life made it clear
to him that sustainability-oriented values must be
expressed through everyday action and choice.
PAGE 17
英译汉
Adolescence is the process of going from childhood to maturity.
The bridge is in the process of being built.
They adopted a new process for making steel.

The factory processes leather.
The congregation processed into the church.
How fast does the computer process the data?
PAGE 18
写作
题目
mobile phone subscription

英语系统课程：句法
总论+简单句
PAGE 01
课程大纲
考试大纲对语法句法部分的要求
句子结构
简单句
并列句
主从复合句
名词性从句 (主从，表从，宾从，同位从）
形容词性从句（限制定从，非限制性定从）
副词性从句
PAGE 02
考试大纲对语法部分的要求
考生应能熟练地运用基本的语法知识，其中包括
✎名词、代词的数和格的构成及其用法；
✎动词时态、语态的构成及其用法；
✎形容词与副词的比较级和最高级的构成及其用法；
✎常用连接词的词义及其用法；
✎非谓语动词（不定式、动名词、分词）的构成及其用法；
✎虚拟语气的构成及其用法；
✎各类从句（定语从句、主语从句、表语从句等）及强调句型的结构及其用法；
✎倒装句、插入语的结构及其用法。
PAGE 03
句型的结构
简单句并列句主从复合句
✎I sing.
✎I sing a song.
✎I sing and dance.
✎I sing and I dance.
✎I sing a song which was written by him.
PAGE 04
简单句
✎I am listening to the radio.

✎I was criticized.
✎I gave him a book.
✎I ordered him a pizza.
✎I called him Mike.
✎I made him happy.
✎I saw him enter into the mountain.
✎The tree turns green.
PAGE 05
练习
The longest bull run in a century of art-market

history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56
works by Damien Hirst, Beautiful Inside My Head
Forever, at Sotheby’s in London on September
15th 2008. （2010.1）
PAGE 06
练习
The lack of permanency in relationships, jobs and

family life may be the cause of a growing trend to
keep a secret bank account hidden from a partner;
in other words, an “escape fund”. （2008.2）
并列结构+并列句
PAGE 01
并列结构
英语中的并列可以是词与词的并列，也可是词组的并列，
还可以是句子的并列，并列结构可以由and连接，也可以
由not only…but also, both…and…, neither…nor等
连接，请看下面的例句。
✎The fabric is light and strong.

✎They sat down and talked about something
✎They started to dance and sing.
✎Neither you nor he is to blame.
✎The new tax policy benefits both workers and farmers.
PAGE 2
并列句
并列句是由两个或两个以上的简单句组成，多由并列连词
and, but, so, or, for 等连接的句子。
✎ and 那么；然后；而且；然而。
and连接的分句虽然语法上是同等的分句，但语意上可以表达分句间不
同的关系，如时间，因果，对比和条件关系等。
✎He is poor in English, and I am, too.

✎My mother bought me a present, and I like it very much.
✎Make up your mind, and you'll get the chance.
✎He is kind, he is clever, and he is handsome.
PAGE 3
并列句
✎ and 那么；然后；而且；然而。
✎He asked me to have dinner together, and I accepted.

PAGE 4
并列句
✎ or 或者；否则
✎Put on your overcoat, or you will catch cold.

PAGE 5
并列句
✎ either…or… 或者……或者……
✎Either you leave the house, or I call the police.
✎Either you must improve your work or the manager

will dismiss you.
PAGE 6
并列句
✎ not only… but also… 不但……而且……
✎Not only does the sun give us light but also it gives us heat.
PAGE 7
并列句
✎ nevertheless 尽管如此；然而
✎She was very tired, nevertheless she kept on working.
✎ however 然而; 无论如何

✎The book is expensive, however, it’s worth it.
PAGE 8
并列句
✎ therefore 因此；因故
✎He was the only candidate, therefore, he was elected
✎ hence 因此，所以
✎It is very late, hence you must go to bed.
✎ thus 于是，这样一来
✎She studied hard, thus she got high marks.
PAGE 9
并列句
✎ accordingly 因此；于是
✎Everyone was ordered to leave the building, accordingly, we
went into the street.
✎ consequently 所以，因此
✎Shanghai is situated by the sea, consequently, the city
enjoys a healthy climate.
PAGE 10
练习
Machiavelli, he notes, concluded that one

ought to be both feared and loved, but as it is
difficult for the two to go together, it is much
safer to be feared than loved. (2009.3)
PAGE 11
练习
The U.S. produces nearly a quarter of the

world's greenhouse gases each year and has
stubbornly made it clear that it doesn't intend
to do a whole lot about it. (2009.4)
PAGE 12
练习
Many powerful forces appear to work against it：

population growth，which pushes migrant populations
into the world’s last isolated locations; mass tourism；
global telecommunications and mass media；and the
spread of gigantic g1obal corporations．(2007.1)
复合句（一）
PAGE 1
复合句
PAGE 2
复合句
名词性从句
在句子中起名词作用的各种从句，统称为名词性从句。
根据它们在句子中起的语法作用，又可分为主语从句，
表语从句，宾语从句和同位语从句。
PAGE 3
复合句
名词性从句
主语从句
✎That he will come to the discussion is certain.

✎Whether he will come or not hasn’t been decided.
✎that 只起连接作用，不担任任何成分，也没有词义；
whether, if 有词义，“是否”。
✎Who did the work is unknown.
✎Which team will win that match is not clear.
✎What he said is true.
PAGE 4
复合句
名词性从句
以先行词it 为形式主语的主语从句
✎由于主语从句放在句首，显得比较笨重，因此常把它移至句末，
that, whether, if 引导的从句均可以改为形式主语的主语从句。
✎ It is certain that she will come to the discussion.
✎ It is strange that he had made a mistake.
✎ It hasn’t been decided whether he’ll come or not.
PAGE 5
复合句
以it为形式主语的主语从句有下列四种用法
It is+形容词+主语从句
✎ It is important that he can come to our party.

✎ It is urgent that the patient get to hospital.
(necessary, essential, strange, clear)
It +be+名词+主语从句
✎ It is common knowledge that the whale is not a fish.
✎ It is a miracle that he survived the accident.
PAGE 6
复合句
It +be+过去分词+主语从句
✎It is said that our school will be rebuilt.

✎ It must be pointed out that you are completely wrong.
✎ It is reported that there was a fire in the village.
✎ It is thought that he is the best player.
✎ It has been proved that the practice can only do good.
✎ 注意：翻译有固定的译法
It is said that 据说 It is recorded that 据记载
It will be seen that 可以看出
PAGE 7
复合句
It + 不及物动词+主语从句
✎It seems that Mary is not coming at all.

✎ It happened that I knew her boyfriend.
✎ It turns out that his methods didn’t work at all.
✎ It occurred to me there was no time to lose.
PAGE 8
复合句
表语从句
在句中作表语，位于主句中的系动词之后。
可接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, seem, sound, appear等。
表语从句
✎My idea is that you should make good use of your time.
✎ The question is whether we can finish our work by
tomorrow evening.
✎ He looked just as he had looked ten years before.
✎ The problem is who could do the work.
PAGE 9
复合句
宾语从句
可以做谓语动词的宾语，也可以做介词和非限定动词，以及
某些形容词的宾语。that 在宾语从句中经常可以省略。
表语从句
✎I know that he is friendly and hospitable.
✎ I asked him if he is sure he knows what he is doing
✎ He was interested in whatever he saw there.
✎ I am sure that she will come and join us.
PAGE 10
复合句
宾语从句
宾语从句也可以是动词+间接宾语+宾语从句
表语从句
✎ I told him that all the students had passed the exams.
✎ He asked me whether she was coming.
形式宾语从句。当宾语从句后面有补语时，动词后面要跟形
式宾语it, 从句跟在其后。
✎ We consider it important that you should mind your manners.
✎ He didn’t want it to be known that he was too ill to
go on working.
PAGE 11
复合句
同位语从句
同位语
✎Tom, my brother, is a spy.

✎ Tom, as a matter of fact, is a spy.
PAGE 12
复合句
同位语从句
用以表示名词的内容，对其进行解释说明
✎The fact that the contract was signed was important.

✎ We have come to the conclusion that there is no
life on Mars
PAGE 13
复合句
同位语从句
✎ 同位语从句有时不是紧跟在有关的名词后面，而是被
其他的词隔开了
✎The question came up at the meeting whether we
has enough money for our research.
✎We’ve just heard a warning on the radio that a
storm will on its way.
PAGE 14
练习
This episode crystallizes the irony that although

American men tend to talk more than women in
public situations, they often talk less at home.
PAGE 15
练习
The real problem is that Western governments continue to

insist that they retain control of the key global economic
and financial institutions while drifting away from global
liberalization.
PAGE 16
练习
Whether most of these languages survive will probably

depend on how strongly cultural groups wish to keep their
identity alive through a native language.
复合句（二）
PAGE 1
复合句
形容词性从句
先行词：定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。关系词：引导定
语从句的词，分为关系代词（who, whom, that, which,
whose）和关系副词(where, when, why)。
关系代词 which 的用法
✎This is the pen which was given by my friend.
✎ This is the pen which my friend gave to me.
关系代词 that 的用法
✎The animal that \which is lost is a panda.
✎ The moon cakes that mother cooked taste nice.
PAGE 2
复合句
形容词性从句
关系代词who的用法
✎The man who is wearing a white suit is my brother.
✎ The man who\whom he wanted to see last week is in Shanghai.
✎ She is the girl with whom I went there.
关系代词whom的用法.
✎This is the teacher whom/who we like best.
✎ She is the girl whom/ who I went with there.
✎I don’t like the boy to whom you are talking.
PAGE 3
复合句
形容词性从句
同位语从句与定语从句的区别
✎He heard the news that his team had won.
✎ The news that he told me is that Tom would
go abroad next year.
PAGE 5
复合句
非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句的作用是用来提供附加的而非必要的信息，
只是对先行词作进一步的解释、补充或说明。若去掉此定语从
句，句子的主旨大意仍然明确，不会引起误解和太大的歧义。
如：
✎Mr. Wang is the headmaster of our school, who you
saw at the meeting yesterday.
PAGE 5
复合句
当先行词为以下情况时，其后只能接非限定性定语从句。
先行词为专有名词the sun, the universe, the Great Wall,

China, Tom, Tsinghua University等时。如：
✎Have you ever visited the Great Wall, which attracts
thousands of tourists each year?
先行词为唯一性的名词或代词my father, my mother,
I, you等。如:
✎The man in the car is Jim's father, who now teaches
English in our school.
PAGE 6
复合句
当先行词为以下情况时，其后只能接非限定性定语从句。
当先行词为整个句子时，只能带非限制性定语从句。
✎She must pay for what she has done, which is natural.
PAGE 7
复合句
在非限制性定语从句中不能用that来代指人或物，而应当用
who / whom指人，用which指物。
✎He takes exercise regularly, which helps to keep him fit.
✎Please give the note to Mr. Li, who is standing
under the tree.
PAGE 8
英译汉练习
The Newark Community Foundation, which was

launched last month, announced on August 14th
that it will help pay for Community Eye, a
surveillance system tailored towards gun crime.
PAGE 9
英译汉练习
Cory Booker, who became mayor 13 months ago

with a mission to revitalize the city, believes the
surveillance program will be the largest camera and
audio network in any American city.
PAGE 10
英译汉练习
Michael Lynn，an associate professor of consumer

behavior and marketing at Cornell’s School of Hotel
Administration，has conducted dozens of studies of
tipping and has concluded that consumers’
assessments of the quality of service correlate weakly
to the amount they tip.
复合句（三）
PAGE 1
复合句
副词性从句（状语从句）
用来修饰谓语动词、其他动词、定语、状语或整个句子的
从句叫做状语从句。不同的状语从句要用不同的从属连
词，学好状语从句要掌握不同的从属连词。
1 时间状语从句
2 地点状语从句
3 目的状语从句
4 条件状语从句
PAGE 2
复合句
副词性从句（状语从句）
用来修饰谓语动词、其他动词、定语、状语或整个句子的
从句叫做状语从句。不同的状语从句要用不同的从属连
词，学好状语从句要掌握不同的从属连词。
5 结果状语从句
6 原因状语从句
7 让步状语从句
8 方式状语从句
9 比较状语从句
PAGE 3
复合句
时间状语从句
✎ 由when, while, as引导的时间状语从句
✎When you think you know nothing, then you begin

to know something.
✎Will you watch my clothes while I have a swim.
✎Our headmaster laughed as she spoke.
PAGE 4
复合句
时间状语从句
✎ 由before和after引导的时间状语从句
✎It will be four days before they come back.
✎My father had left for Canada just before the letter arrived.
✎After we had finished the work, we went home.

PAGE 5
复合句
时间状语从句
✎ 由till或until引导的时间状语从句
✎I didn't go to bed until（till）my father came back.

✎It was not until the meeting was over that he
began to teach me English.
PAGE 6
复合句
时间状语从句
✎ 由since引导的时间状语从句
✎I have been in Beijing since you left.

✎Where have you been since I last saw you?
✎It is four years since my sister lived in Beijing.
PAGE 7
复合句
时间状语从句
✎ 由as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly,
the moment, the instant, the minute等引导的
时间状语从句。这些连词都表示“一……就”
✎I will go there directly I have finished my breakfast.
✎The moment I heard the news, I hastened to the spot.
✎As soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you up.
PAGE 8
复合句
时间状语从句
✎ 由by the time引导的时间状语从句
✎By the time you came back, I had finished this book.
✎By the time you come here tomorrow, I will have
finished this work.
PAGE 9
复合句
时间状语从句
✎ 由each time, every time和whenever引导的时间
状语从句
✎Each time he came to Harbin, he would call on me.

✎Whenever that man says “To tell the truth”,
I suspect that he's about to tell a lie.
PAGE 10
复合句
地点状语从句
地点状语从句一般由连接副词where, wherever等引导，
已经形成了固定的句型。
例如
✎ 句型1：Where＋地点从句，（there）＋主句。
✎Where there is no rain, farming is difficult or impossible.
✎You should have put the book where you found it.
✎Where the Communist Party of China goes, there
the people are liberated.
PAGE 11
复合句
地点状语从句
地点状语从句一般由连接副词where, wherever等引导，
已经形成了固定的句型。
例如
✎ 句型2：Anywhere/ wherever＋地点从句，＋主句。
✎Wherever the sea is, you will find seamen.
PAGE 12
复合句
目的状语从句
✎ 由in order that引导

✎We used the computer in order that we might save time.
✎ 由so that引导
✎I hired a boat so that I could go fishing.
PAGE 13
复合句
目的状语从句
✎ 由in case引导
✎Be quiet in case you should wake the baby.
✎ 由for fear (that) 引导
✎He is working hard for fear he should fail.
✎ 由lest 引导
✎He wrote down his client’s name lest he
should forget it.
PAGE 14
复合句
条件状语从句
引导条件状语从句的从属连词
✎ 主要的有if, unless, as [so] long as等

✎You can leave now if you like.
✎As long as it doesn’t rain we can go.
PAGE 15
复合句
条件状语从句
除以上基本的引导条件状语从句的从属连词外，还有的动
词尤其是其分词形式(如suppose, supposing, provided,
providing等)和介词短语(如on condition that等)也可用
作连词表示条件：
✎I will come on condition (that) she is invited too.
✎He may go with us provided [providing] he arrives
in time.
PAGE 16
复合句
结果状语从句
引导结果状语从句的从属连词
主要的有so that, so…that, such…that等
✎ He studied hard so that he passed the exam.

PAGE 17
复合句
原因状语从句
引导原因状语从句的从属连词
主要的有because, as, since,
✎ Since /as we’ve no money, we can’t buy it.

PAGE 18
复合句
原因状语从句
seeing (that), now (that), considering (that), in

that等
✎Seeing that it’s raining, we’d better stay indoors.

✎Now that you are here, you’d better stay.
✎I am in dilemma in that I have to choose from two
great jobs.
PAGE 19
复合句
让步状语从句
引导让步状语从句的从属连词
主要的有although, though, even though, even if等
✎Although he is poor, he’s still happy.

✎I will try it, though I may fail.
PAGE 20
复合句
方式状语从句
引导方式状语从句的从属连词
主要的有as, as if, as though等
✎You must do as your parents tell you.

✎They treated the child as if she were their own.
PAGE 21
复合句
比较状语从句
引导比较状语从句的从属连词为as...as（和……一样），
not as/so...as（和……不一样），than（比），
the more...the more（越……越）。这类从句常以
省略形式出现。如：
✎The work is not so difficult as you imagine.

✎You look younger than you are.
✎The more you study, the more knowledge
you can get.
PAGE 22
复合句
比较状语从句
suppose, supposing, provided, providing和介词
短语on condition that也可用作连词表示条件
✎I will come on condition (that) she is invited too.

✎He may go with us provided （providing）he arrives
in time.
✎Suppose(supposing)(that)he won’t agree，what
shall we do?
PAGE 23
复合句
比较状语从句
seeing (that), now (that), considering (that)等
✎He does well, considering (that) he is young.

✎Seeing that it’s raining, we’d better stay indoors.
✎Now that you are here, you’d better stay.
PAGE 24
英译汉练习
When Thomas Keller ， one of America's foremost
chefs, announced that on Sep. 1st he would abolish
the practice of tipping at Per Se, his luxury restaurant
in New York City，and replace it with European-style
service charge ， I knew three groups would be
opposed: customers，servers and restaurant owners.
PAGE 25
英译汉练习
When he used an icebox of his own design to
transport his butter to market ， he found that
customers would pass up the rapidly melting stuff in
the tubs of his competitors to pay a premium price
for his butter ， still fresh and hard in neat ， one-
pound bricks．
长难句综合练习
PAGE 1
英译汉练习
“Our products succeed when they become part of
daily or weekly patterns,” said Carol Berning, a
consumer psychologist who recently retired from
Procter & Gamble, the company that sold $76 billion
of Tide, Crest and other products last year.
PAGE 2
英译汉练习（段落）
In my own research, complaints from women about
their husbands most often focused not on tangible
inequities such as having given up the chance for a
career to accompany a husband to his, or doing far
more than their share of daily life—support work like
cleaning, cooking and social arrangements. Instead,
they focused on communication: “He doesn’t
listen to me.” “He doesn’t talk to me .” I found,
as Hacker observed years before, that most wives
want their husbands to be, first and foremost,
conversational partners, but few husbands share this
expectation of their wives. （2010, 2）
PAGE 3
Over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of
creating automatic behaviors – habits – among consumers. These
habits have helped companies earn billions of dollars when customers
eat snacks or wipe counters almost without thinking, often in response
to a carefully designed set of daily cues. “There are fundamental
public health problems, like dirty hands instead of a soap habit, that
remain killers only because we can’t figure out how to change
people’s habits”, said Dr. Curtis, the director of the Hygiene Center at
the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine. “We wanted to
learn from private industry how to create new behaviors that happen
automatically.” The companies that Dr. Curtis turned to – Procter &
Gamble, Colgate-Palmolive and Unilever – had invested hundreds of
millions of dollars finding the subtle cues in consumers’ lives that
corporations could use to introduce new routines. （2010,3）
PAGE 4
Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete
expression of crucial democratic values, including the
principles that all citizens who meet minimal
qualifications of age and literacy are equally competent to
serve on juries; that jurors should be selected randomly
from a representative cross section of the community;
that no citizen should be denied the right to serve on a
jury on account of race, religion, sex, or national origin;
that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers; and
that verdicts should represent the conscience of the
community and not just the letter of the law. The jury is
also said to be the best surviving example of direct rather
than representative democracy. In a direct democracy,
citizens take turns governing themselves, rather than
electing representatives to govern for them. （2010,4）
完形填空解题技巧
讲师：顾越
PAGE 02
考试大纲的要求
要考查考生对英语知识的综合运用能力。共20小
题，每小题0. 5分，共10分。
在一篇约350词的文章中留出20个空白，要求考生从每
题给出的4个选项中选出最佳答案，使补全后的文章意
思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。
PAGE 03
完形填空考点分析
（一）词汇题
形近词
A large part of a person’s memory is in terms of

words and____ of words.
A. combinations B. corrections
C. coordinations D. collections
The high living standards of the US cause its present

population to ______25 percent of the world’s oil.
A. assume B. consume C. resume D. presume
PAGE 04
（一）词汇题
意近词
Countries like Russia, Venezuela and Iran are well

supplied with rising oil , a change reflected in newly
aggressive foreign policies.
A. interests B. taxes
C. incomes D. revenues
It would be extremely unwise for a foreign visitor to work
without a permit, since anyone doing so is______to
immediate deportation.
A. apt B. likely C. liable D. inclined
PAGE 05
（一）词汇题
介词
The meanings of thousands of everyday perceptions,

the bases the decisions we make, and the roots of
our habits and skills are to be stored in our past
experiences, which are brought into the
present_____memory.
A. of B. to C. for D. on
A. by B. from C. with D. in
PAGE 06
（一）词汇题
连词
One example, common in the 1990s, was the spread

of computer training courses in ______ adults, most of
them office workers, could enroll.
A. that B. which C. those D. whose
PAGE 07
（一）词汇题
短语
Nicholas Lardy of the Brookings Institution，a

Washington D. C-based think tank，“No country has
expanded its foreign trade as fast as China over the
1ast 20 years.
A. As for B. As to
C. Judging by D. According to
PAGE 08
（一）词汇题
语法
A new generation of large and credible firms_______in

China in the electronics appliance and even high-tech
sectors.
A. emerge B. have emerged
C. has emerged D. is emerged
PAGE 09
完形填空与词汇题、语法题最大的区别
就是把所有的考点放在一篇文章之中考
查，逻辑关系是考查的重点。
PAGE 10
篇章逻辑关系解题法
Each year, hundreds of thousands of people die form heart
attack, a leading cause of death. In the Landmark
Physicians’ Health Study at Harvard University in the
United States in the late 1980s, a research team led by Dr.
Heinekens studied 22, 701 healthy male physicians, half of
whom were randomly assigned to take an aspirin every
other day while the others took placebos (安慰剂).
PAGE 11
After the participants had been monitored for an average
of five years, the doctors in the aspirin group were found
to have suffered 44 percent fewer first heart attacks.
_________,a recent international study indicates that aspirin
can be beneficial for those people with a history of
coronary artery(冠动脉)bypass surgery.
A. Meanwhile B. Above all
C. However D. In addition
PAGE 12
Olympic Games are held every four years at a different site,
in which athletes ____1___different nations compete against
each other in a____2___of sports. There are two types of
Olympics, the Summer Olympics and the winter Olympics.
PAGE 13
In order to 3 the Olympics, a city must submit a
proposal to the International Olympic Committee (IOC).
After all proposals have been 4 , the IOC votes. If no
city is successful in gaining a majority in the first vote, the
city with the fewest votes is eliminated, and voting
continues, with 5 rounds, until a majority winner is
determined.
PAGE 14
Typically the Games are awarded several years in advance,
____6___the winning city time to prepare for the Games. In
selecting the____7___ of the Olympic Games, the IOC considers
a number of factors, chief among them which city has, or
promises to build, the best facilities, and which organizing
committee seems most likely to 8 the Games effectively.
7. A. site B. spot C. location D. place
PAGE 15
完形填空解题步骤
① 通读全文（快速阅读，了解大意，例如：作者态度，
支持还是反对，数量变化，上升还是下降……）
② 选择答案（运用语法，词汇，句子结构知识，逐题进行选
择，注意结合篇章结构，做到“三心二意，
左顾右盼”）
③ 通篇检查（前后句，前后段逻辑通顺，保持一致）
PAGE 16
练习题
Passage 1
In 1999, the price of oil hovered around $16 a barrel. By
2008, it had __1__the $100 a barrel mark. The reasons for the
surge ___2__from the dramatic growth of the economies of
China and India to widespread___3__in oil-producing regions,
1. A. come B. gone C. crossed D. arrived
2. A. covered B. discovered C. arranged D. instability
3. A. intensity B. infinity C. insecurity D. instability
PAGE 17
练习题
Passage 1
including Iraq and Nigeria’s delta region. Triple-digit oil
prices have___4__the economic and political map of the
world, ___5___some old notions of power. Oil-rich nations are
enjoying historic gains and opportunities,
4. A. drawn B. redrawn C. retained D. reviewed

5. A. fighting B. struggling C. challenging D. threatening
PAGE 18
练习题
Passage 1
6 major importers—including China and India, home to a third
of the world's population— 7 rising economic and social
costs. Managing this new order is fast becoming a
central 8 of global politics.
6. A. and B. while C. thus D. though

7. A. confine B. conflict C. conform D. confront
8. A. problem B. question C. matter D. event
PAGE 19
练习题
Passage 1
Countries that need oil are clawing at each other to 9 scarce
supplies, and are willing to deal with any government, 10
how unpleasant, to do it .
9. A. look for B. lock up C. send out D. keep off

10. A. no matter B. what if C. only if D. in spite of
PAGE 20
练习题
Passage 1
In many poor nations with oil, the profits are being lost
to corruption, ___11__these countries of their best hope for
development. And oil is fueling enormous investment funds
run by foreign governments, ___12___some in the west see as
a new threat.
11. A. abolishing B. depriving C. destroying D. eliminating

12. A. what B. that C. which D. whom
PAGE 21
练习题
Passage 1
Countries like Russia, Venezuela and Iran are well supplied
with rising oil ___13__, a change reflected in newly aggressive
foreign policies. But some unexpected countries are reaping
benefits, 14 costs, from higher prices.
13. A. interests B. taxes C. incomes D. revenues

14. A. as many as B. as good as C. as far as D. as well as
PAGE 22
练习题
Passage 1
Consider Germany. 15 it imports virtually all its oil, it has
prospered from extensive trade with a booming Russia
and the Middle East. German exports to Russia 16 18
percent from 2001 to 2006.
15. A. Although B. Because C. Since D. As

16. A. advanced B. grew C. reduces D. multiplied
PAGE 23
练习题
Passage 1
In the United States, as already high gas prices rose
17 higher in the spring of 2008, the issue cropped up in
the presidential campaign, with Senators McCain and
Obama 18 for a federal gas tax holiday during the peak
summer driving months.
17. A. even B. still C. rather D. fairly
18. A. asking B. requesting C. calling D. demanding
PAGE 24
练习题
Passage 1
And driving habits began to 19 , as sales of small cars
jumped and mass transport systems 20 the country
reported a sharp increase in riders.
19. A. change B. turn C. shift D. transform

20. A. for B. from C. across D. over
PAGE 16
练习讲解
Passage 1
In 1999, the price of oil hovered around $16 a barrel. By
2008, it had __1__the $100 a barrel mark. The reasons for the
surge ___2__from the dramatic growth of the economies of
China and India to widespread___3__in oil-producing regions,
1. A. come B. gone C. crossed D. arrived
2. A. covered B. discovered C. arranged D. instability
3. A. intensity B. infinity C. insecurity D. instability
PAGE 17
练习讲解
Passage 1
including Iraq and Nigeria’s delta region. Triple-digit oil
prices have___4__the economic and political map of the
world, ___5___some old notions of power. Oil-rich nations are
enjoying historic gains and opportunities,
4. A. drawn B. redrawn C. retained D. reviewed

5. A. fighting B. struggling C. challenging D. threatening
PAGE 18
练习讲解
Passage 1
6 major importers—including China and India, home to a third
of the world's population— 7 rising economic and social
costs. Managing this new order is fast becoming a
central 8 of global politics.
6. A. and B. while C. thus D. though

7. A. confine B. conflict C. conform D. confront
8. A. problem B. question C. matter D. event
PAGE 19
练习讲解
Passage 1
Countries that need oil are clawing at each other to 9 scarce
supplies, and are willing to deal with any government, 10
how unpleasant, to do it .
9. A. look for B. lock up C. send out D. keep off

10. A. no matter B. what if C. only if D. in spite of
PAGE 20
练习讲解
Passage 1
In many poor nations with oil, the profits are being lost
to corruption, ___11__these countries of their best hope for
development. And oil is fueling enormous investment funds
run by foreign governments, ___12___some in the west see as
a new threat.
11. A. abolishing B. depriving C. destroying D. eliminating

12. A. what B. that C. which D. whom
PAGE 21
练习讲解
Passage 1
Countries like Russia, Venezuela and Iran are well supplied
with rising oil ___13__, a change reflected in newly aggressive
foreign policies. But some unexpected countries are reaping
benefits, 14 costs, from higher prices.
13. A. interests B. taxes C. incomes D. revenues

14. A. as many as B. as good as C. as far as D. as well as
PAGE 22
练习讲解
Passage 1
Consider Germany. 15 it imports virtually all its oil, it has
prospered from extensive trade with a booming Russia
and the Middle East. German exports to Russia 16 18
percent from 2001 to 2006.
15. A. Although B. Because C. Since D. As

16. A. advanced B. grew C. reduces D. multiplied
PAGE 23
练习讲解
Passage 1
In the United States, as already high gas prices rose
17 higher in the spring of 2008, the issue cropped up in
the presidential campaign, with Senators McCain and
Obama 18 for a federal gas tax holiday during the peak
summer driving months.
17. A. even B. still C. rather D. fairly
18. A. asking B. requesting C. calling D. demanding
PAGE 24
练习讲解
Passage 1
And driving habits began to 19 , as sales of small cars
jumped and mass transport systems 20 the country
reported a sharp increase in riders.
19. A. change B. turn C. shift D. transform

20. A. for B. from C. across D. over
PAGE 25
练习题
Passage 2
Advancing age means losing your hair, your waistline
and your memory, right? Dana Denis is just 20 years old,
but 1 she’s worried about what she calls “my rolling
mental blackouts. ”? “l try to remember something and I

just blank out, ”she says.
1. A. almost B. seldom C. already D. never

PAGE 26
练习题
Passage 2
You may 2 about these lapses，calling them “senior
moments” or blaming “early Alzheimer’s (老年痴呆症). ” Is
it an inescapable fact that the older you get, the 3 you
remember? Well, sort of. But as time goes by, we tend to
blame age 4 problems that are not necessarily age-related.
2. A. joke B. laugh C. blame D. criticize
3. A. much B. little C. more D. less
4. A. since B. for C. by D. because
PAGE 27
练习题
Passage 2
“When a teenager can’t find her keys, she thinks
it’s because she’s distracted or disorganized, ”says
Paul Gold. “A 70-year-old blames her 5 . ”In fact，the
70-year-old may have been 6 things for decades.
5. A. memory B. mind C. trouble D. health

6. A. disorganizing B. misplacing C. putting D. finding
PAGE 28
练习题
Passage 2
In healthy people, memory doesn’t worsen as 7 as
many of us think. “As we 8 ，the memory mechanism
isn’t 9 , ”says psychologist Fergus Craik. “It’s just
inefficient. ”
7. A. swiftly B. frequently C. timely D. quickly

8. A. mature B. advance C. age D. grow
9. A. broken B. poor C. perfect D. working
PAGE 29
练习题
Passage 2
The brain’s processing 10 slows down over the
years, though no one knows exactly 11 recent research
suggests that nerve cells lose efficiency and 12 there’s
less activity in the brain. But, cautions Barry Gordon,
“It’s not clear that less activity is 13 .
10. A. pattern B. time C. space D. information
11. A. why B. how C. what D. when
12. A. since B. hence C. that D. although
13. A. irregular B. better C. normal D. worse
PAGE 30
练习题
Passage 2
A beginning athlete is winded (气喘吁吁) more easily than
a 14 athlete. In the same way, 15 the brain gets more
skilled at a task, it expends less energy on it. ”
14. A. famous B. senior C. popular D. trained

15. A. as B. till C. though D. yet
PAGE 31
练习题
Passage 2
There are 16 you can take to compensate for
normal slippage in your memory gears，though it 17
effort.
16. A. stages B. steps C. advantages D. purposes

17. A. makes B. takes C. does D. spends
PAGE 32
练习题
Passage 2
Margaret Sewell says: "We're a quick-fix culture，but you
have to 18 to keep your brain 19 shape. It’s like having
a good body. You can’t go to the gym once a year 20
expect to stay in top form. ”
18. A. rest B. come C. work D. study

19. A. to B. for C. on D. in
20. A. so B. or C. and D. if
PAGE 25
练习讲解
Passage 2
Advancing age means losing your hair, your waistline
and your memory, right? Dana Denis is just 20 years old,
but 1 she’s worried about what she calls “my rolling
mental blackouts. ”? “l try to remember something and I

just blank out, ”she says.
1. A. almost B. seldom C. already D. never

PAGE 26
练习讲解
Passage 2
You may 2 about these lapses，calling them “senior
moments” or blaming “early Alzheimer’s (老年痴呆症). ” Is
it an inescapable fact that the older you get, the 3 you
remember? Well, sort of. But as time goes by, we tend to
blame age 4 problems that are not necessarily age-related.
2. A. joke B. laugh C. blame D. criticize
3. A. much B. little C. more D. less
4. A. since B. for C. by D. because
PAGE 27
练习讲解
Passage 2
“When a teenager can’t find her keys, she thinks
it’s because she’s distracted or disorganized, ”says
Paul Gold. “A 70-year-old blames her 5 . ”In fact，the
70-year-old may have been 6 things for decades.
5. A. memory B. mind C. trouble D. health

6. A. disorganizing B. misplacing C. putting D. finding
PAGE 28
练习讲解
Passage 2
In healthy people, memory doesn’t worsen as 7 as
many of us think. “As we 8 ，the memory mechanism
isn’t 9 , ”says psychologist Fergus Craik. “It’s just
inefficient. ”
7. A. swiftly B. frequently C. timely D. quickly

8. A. mature B. advance C. age D. grow
9. A. broken B. poor C. perfect D. working
PAGE 29
练习讲解
Passage 2
The brain’s processing 10 slows down over the
years, though no one knows exactly 11 recent research
suggests that nerve cells lose efficiency and 12 there’s
less activity in the brain. But, cautions Barry Gordon,
“It’s not clear that less activity is 13 .
10. A. pattern B. time C. space D. information
11. A. why B. how C. what D. when
12. A. since B. hence C. that D. although
13. A. irregular B. better C. normal D. worse
PAGE 30
练习讲解
Passage 2
A beginning athlete is winded (气喘吁吁) more easily than
a 14 athlete. In the same way, 15 the brain gets more
skilled at a task, it expends less energy on it. ”
14. A. famous B. senior C. popular D. trained

15. A. as B. till C. though D. yet
PAGE 31
练习讲解
Passage 2
There are 16 you can take to compensate for
normal slippage in your memory gears，though it 17
effort.
16. A. stages B. steps C. advantages D. purposes

17. A. makes B. takes C. does D. spends
PAGE 32
练习讲解
Passage 2
Margaret Sewell says: "We're a quick-fix culture，but you
have to 18 to keep your brain 19 shape. It’s like having
a good body. You can’t go to the gym once a year 20
expect to stay in top form. ”
18. A. rest B. come C. work D. study

19. A. to B. for C. on D. in
20. A. so B. or C. and D. if
阅读理解A节
解题技巧
PAGE 02
考试大纲对阅读理解部分的要求
要考察考生获取信息、理解文章、猜测重要生词词义并
进行推断等方面的能力。该部分由A、B两节组成，共25
小题，每小题2分，共50分。A节共四篇文章，总长度为
1500词左右。要求考生阅读文章并回答每篇文章后面的
问题。考生需要在每小题所提供的选项（A、B、C、
D）中选出唯一正确或是最合适的答案。每篇文章设5
题，共20题。每小题2分，共40分。
PAGE 03
阅读理解解题基础
基础一文章的理解程度：①词汇量：需不需要词汇全部认识？？？
最低词汇量？？？
②长难句：句子结构分析技巧
基础二文章完全读懂是否可以全部正确？？？
文章有部分不懂肯定不能全部正确？？？
阅读理解题型及相应技巧是关键
PAGE 04
阅读理解考试题型介绍（六大题型）
细节题（具体问文章中一个信息点）
考察精细阅读能力，要求词汇，长难句的分析能力。
PAGE 05
Everyone，it seems，has a health problem.After pouring billions
into the National Health Service，British people moan about dirty
hospitals，long waits and wasted money. In Germany the new
chancellor, Angela Merkel, is under fire for suggesting changing the
financing of its health system.
Canada’s new Conservative Prime Minister, Stephen Harper, made
a big fuss during the election about reducing the country’s lengthy
medical queues.Health problems mentioned in the passage include
all the following EXCEPT_________.
A. poor hospital conditions in U.K.

B. Angela Merkel under attack
C. health financing in Germany
D. long waiting lines in Canada
PAGE 06
Gresham lived in the 16th century in England where it was common
for gold and silver coins to be debased. Governments did this by
mixing cheaper metals with gold and silver. The governments could
thus make a profit in coinage by issuing coins that had less precious
metal than the face value indicated. Because different mixings of
coins had different amounts of gold and silver, even though they
bore the same face value, some coins were worth more than others
as commodities.
What was the purpose of the governments issuing new coins by
mixing cheaper metals with gold and silver in the 16th century?
A. They wanted to reserve some gold and silver for themselves.
B. There was neither enough gold nor enough silver.
C. New coins were easier to be made.
D. They could make money.
PAGE 07
It looked just like another aircraft from the outside. The pilot told
his young passengers that it was built in 1964.But appearances were
deceptive, and the 13 students from Europe and the USA who
boarded the aircraft were in for the flight of their lives.
Inside, the area that normally had seats had become a long white
tunnel. Heavi1y padded (填塞) from floor to ceiling, it looked a bit
strange. There were almost no windows, but lights along the
padded walls illuminated it. Most of the seats had been taken out,
apart from a few at the back, where the young scientists quickly
took their places with a look of fear.
What did the writer say about the plane?
A. It had no seats. B. It was painted white.
C. It had no windows. D. The outside was misleading.
PAGE 08
Many sports executives, largely too old and too conservative to feel
at home with the new technologies will believe that sport must
control the expansion of television coverage in order to survive and
ensure that spectators attend matches. They do not even accept the
evidence which contradicts their view while there is more basketball
than ever on television, for example, it is also certain that basketball
is more popular than ever.
How do many sports executives feel with the new technologies?
A. They are too old to do anything.

B. They feel ill at ease.
C. They feel completely at home.
D. Technologies can go hand in hand with sports.
PAGE 09
词义题
特点是不是依靠背词汇来解题，而是通过上下文语境来理解。
PAGE 10
词义题
To squeeze the most out of each shining hour we have
shortened the opera, quickened the pace of the movie
and put culture in pocket-sized packages. We make the
busy bee look like a lazy creature, the ant like a sluggard.
The word "sluggard" means .

A. a slow-moving person
B. a hard worker
C. a human being
D. an enemy
PAGE 11
词义题
At the early attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken
out for repairs it was found to be covered in living growths,
a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that
there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea.
'Defied' in the 5th paragraph probably means .

A. doubted
B. gave proof to
C. challenged
D. agreed to
PAGE 12
词义题
If spelling becomes the only focal point of his teacher's
interest, clearly a bright child will be likely to "play safe".
He will tend to write only words within his spelling
range, choosing to avoid adventurous language.
The expression "play safe" probably means .

A. to write as carefully as possible
B. to do as teachers say to be safe
C. to use dictionaries frequently
D. to avoid using words one is not sure of
PAGE 13
词义题
It's theory to which many economists subscribe, but in practice it
often leaves railroads in the position of determining which
companies will flourish and which will fail. "Do we really want
railroads to be the arbiters of who wins and who loses in the
marketplace?" asks Martin Bercovici, a Washington lawyer who
frequently represents shipper.
The word "arbiters" most probably refers to those ________.

A. who work as coordinators
B. who function as judges
C. who supervise transactions
D. who determine the price
PAGE 14
推断题
关键词：题干上出现infer, imply, indicate 特点是不能

跟原文一样，但是也不能跟原文么有关系，要在原文中
某句话找到根据。
PAGE 15
推断题
Thanks to an accident of history, most Americans receive
health insurance through their employer, with the
government picking up the bill for the poor and the
elderly. This curious hybrid（混合物） certainly has its
strengths. Americans have more choice than anybody
else, and their health-care system is much more
innovative. Europeans’ bills could be much higher if
American medicine were not doing much of their
Research and Development（R&D）for them. But there
are also huge weaknesses.
PAGE 16
推断题
The one most often cited—especially by foreigners—is the army of
uninsured. Some 46 million Americans do not have cover. In many
cases that is out of choice and, if they fall seriously ill, hospitals have
to treat them. But it is still deeply unequal. And there are also
shocking inefficiencies: by some measures, 30% of American health
spending is wasted.
It is implied in the passage that_________.

A. America’s health system has its strengths and weaknesses
B. the US government pays medical bills for the poor and the elderly
C. some 46 million Americans do not have medical insurance
D. Europeans benefit a lot from America’s medical research
PAGE 17
推断题
NBAC members also indicated that they will appeal to privately
funded researchers and clinics not to try to clone humans by body
cell nuclear transfer. But theywere divided on whether to go further
by calling for a federal law that would impose a complete ban on
human cloning. Shapiro and most members favored an appeal for
such legislation, but in a phone interview, he said this issue was
still“up in the air.”
It can be inferred from the last paragraph that .

A. some NBAC members hesitate to ban human cloning completely.
B. a law banning human cloning is to be passed in no time.
C. privately funded researchers will respond positively to NBAC's appeal.
D. the issue of human cloning will soon be settled
PAGE 18
态度题
题干上出现：attitude，viewpoint，opinion等单词。
解题关键是找到作者态度的出处。
PAGE 19
态度题
选项高频词：
(A) positive; approval/ supportive; consent; praising; enthusiastic;
optimistic; appreciative; affirmative; favorable; permissive；admiring；
rewarding
(B) negative; disapproval; critical; scornful; pessimistic; ironic/ sneering;
opposed; hostile; indignant; gloomy; suspicious/ skeptical/ doubtful/
dubious; intolerant; disappointed; concerned/ apprehensive/ anxious;
unfavorable/ reserved
(C) objective; a matter of fact; neutral,
(D) indifferent; compromising; unprejudiced; impartial; detached;
unconcerned sensitive; confused;
PAGE 20
态度题
Under the new Northern Territory law, an adult patient can request
death probably by a deadly injection or pill—to put an end to suffering.
The patient must be diagnosed as terminally ill by two doctors. After a
“cooling off” period of seven days, the patient can sign a certificate of
request. After 48 hours the wish for death can be met. For Lloyd Nickson,
a 54-year-old Darwin resident suffering from lung cancer, the NT Rights
of Terminally Ill law means he can get on with living without the
haunting fear of his suffering: a terrifying death from his breathing
condition. “I’m not afraid of dying from a spiritual point of view, but
what I was afraid of was how I’d go, because I’ve watched people die
in the hospital fighting for oxygen and clawing at their masks, ” he says.
The author’s attitude towards euthanasia seems to be that of .
A. opposition B. suspicion C. approval D. indifference
PAGE 21
态度题
Now there is a similar challenge：global warming. The steady
deterioration of the very climate of this very planet is becoming a war of
the first order, and by any measure, the U.S. is losing. Indeed, if America
is fighting at all, it’s fighting on the wrong side.
What is the author’ s attitude toward America’s policies on global

warming?
A. critical B. indifferent C. supportive D. compromising

PAGE 22
态度题
Our ability to mute our hard-wired reactions by pausing is what
differentiates us from animals: dogs can think about the future only
intermittently or for a few minutes. But historically we have spent about
12 percent of our days contemplating the longer term. Although
technology might change the way we react, it hasn’t changed our
nature. We still have the imaginative capacity to rise above temptation
and reverse the high-speed trend.
The author’s attitude toward reversing the high-speed trend is____.

A. tolerant B. uncertain C. optimistic D. doubtful
PAGE 23
事例分析题
关键词：case, example 或具体例子的词汇。

PAGE 24
事例分析题
A little hypocrisy (虚伪) is not in itself a serious problem. The real
problem is that Western governments continue to insist that they retain
control of the key global economic and financial institutions while
drifting away from global liberalization. Look at what’s happening at
the IMF (International Monetary Fund). The Europeans have demanded
that they keep the post of managing director. But all too often, Western
officials put their own interests above everyone else’s when they
dominate these global institutions.
The author uses “IMF” as an example to illustrate the point that .
A. European leaders are reluctant to admit they are hypocritical
B. there is an inconsistency between Western theory and practice
C. global institutions are not being led by true globalization advocates
D. European countries’ interests are being ignored by economic leaders
PAGE 25
事例分析题
Changes in names generally reveal significant shifts in how a college
wants to be perceived. In altering its name from Cal State, Hayward, to
Cal State, East Bay, the university hoped to project its expanding role in
two mostly suburban countries east of San Francisco.
The case of name changing from Cal State, Hayward to Cal State, East
Bay indicates that the university ____.
A. is perceived by the society
B. hopes to expand its influence
C. prefers to reform its reaching programs
D. expects to enlarge its campus
PAGE 26
事例分析题
But not everyone who loses a job will end up in the unemployment line.
Many will shift to growing positions within their own companies. When
new technologies shook up the telecom business, telephone operator
Judy Dougherty pursued retraining. She is now a communications
technician, earning about $ 64,000 per year. Of course, if you've been a
tollbooth collector for the past 30 years, and you find yourself replaced
by an E-Z Pass machine, it may be of little consolation(安慰) to know
that the telecomm field is booming.
In this paragraph the author mentions the tollbooth collector to_______.
A. mean he will get benefits from the telecomm field
B. show he is too old to shift to a new position
C. console him on having been replaced by a machine
D. blame the PC for his unemployment
PAGE 27
主旨题
关键词：main idea, topic, title, entitle, purpose,

mainly about, mainly discuss etc.
PAGE 28
主旨题
When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is faulty or in
some other way does not live up to the manufacturer's claim for it, the
first step is to present the warranty, or any other records which might
help, at the store of purchase. In most cases, this action will produce
results. However, if it does not, there are various means the consumer
may use to gain satisfaction.
The passage tells us__________.

A. how to settle a consumer's complaint about a faulty item
B. how to make an effective complaint about a faulty item
C. how to avoid buying a faulty item
D. how to deal with complaints from customers
PAGE 29
主旨题
It is said that inEngland death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in
California optional. Small wonder. Americans’ life expectancy has
nearly doubled over the past century. Failing hips can be replaced,
clinical depression controlled, cataracts removed in a 30-minutes
surgical procedure. Such advances offer the aging population a quality
of life that was unimaginable when I entered medicine 50 years ago.
But not even a great health-care system can cure death -- and our
failure to confront that reality now threatens this greatness of ours.
The text intends to express the idea that ________.
A. medicine will further prolong people’s lives
B. life beyond a certain limit is not worth living
C. death should be accepted as a fact of life
D. excessive demands increase the cost of health care
PAGE 30
主旨题
It was assumed generally that behavior was “caused” and that the
causes of and the cures for crime would be discovered. Sick societies
and sick individuals were the causes of crime.
②But does poverty cause crime?...
③People sometimes think of crime as a combination of poverty and
bad characteristics of a criminal....
④Poverty is neither a sufficient nor a necessary cause of crime....
The most appropriate title for the essay would be ____ .

A. Economics and Crime B. Wealth and Violence
C. Causes and Cures for Crime D. Poverty and Crime
PAGE 31
主旨题
Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their
newspapers? The American Society of Newspaper Editors is trying
to answer this painful question. The organization is deep into a
long self-analysis known as the journalism credibility project. Sad to
say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings
about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined
with lots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world
those readers really want.
What is the passage mainly about?
A. Needs of the readers all over the world.
B. Causes of the public disappointment about newspapers.
C. Origins of the declining newspaper industry.
D. Aims of a journalism credibility project.
PAGE 32
主旨题
It was assumed generally that behavior was “caused” and that
the causes of and the cures for crime would be discovered. Sick
societies and sick individuals were the causes of crime.
②But does poverty cause crime?...
③People sometimes think of crime as a combination of poverty
and bad characteristics of a criminal....
④Poverty is neither a sufficient nor a necessary cause of crime....
The most appropriate title for the essay would be ____ .

A. Economics and Crime B. Wealth and Violence
C. Causes and Cures for Crime D. Poverty and Crime
阅读理解B节
小标题对应解题技巧
PAGE 02
考试大纲对新题型部分的要求
B节（5小题）本部分有两种备选题型。每次考试从这两
种题型中选择其中的一种形式，或者两种形式的组合进
行考查。本节文章设5小题，每小题2分，共10分。备
选题型包括：
（1）多项对应
（2）小标题对应
PAGE 03
在一篇长度为450~550词的文章前有7个概括句或小
标题。这些文字或标题分别是对文章中某一部分的概
括或阐述。要求考生根据文章内容和篇章结构从这7
个选项中选出最恰当的5个概括句或小标题填入文章
空白处。
PAGE 04
例题：
A. The Right Staff Employee is results-oriented
B. Multitasking ability
C. Improvement Oriented
D. The Right Staff Employee has high levels of loyalty and energy
E. The Right Staff Employee is a true team player
F. Growth Potential
G. Know the boss
PAGE 05
Fast growing, entrepreneurial organizations need employees
who regularly demonstrate entrepreneurial characteristics and
work habits. Management of entrepreneurial companies must
work diligently to recognize, identify and attract this type of
employees during the recruitment process to assure a steady
stream of the people with the “Right Staff” to fuel growth of
the venture. So what are the characteristics of highly effective
“Right Staff” entrepreneurial employee? Here are a few to keep
in minds when you interview potential new hires.
PAGE 06
41.________________________
The Right Staff Employee takes ownership to get the task done. She is
a “can do” person who demonstrates common sense in her decision
actions and is able to cut through and resolve problems that divert
others. Her ability helps her to attain the ultimate outcome. Her
business judgment is sound and becomes stronger with each
experience, decision or recommendation. While supervisors and
managers may disagree with her ultimate recommendation, they
usually agree that the alternatives she presents are reasonable for the
situation at hand.
PAGE 07
42.________________________
The Right Staff Employee consistently generates the achievement that
is higher than could be reasonably expected. He is fully committed to
the organization, its goals and overall success. Not only does he desire
to make a contribution to his organization, he needs to see the effects
of his contributions quickly, not measured in years. He will seek out an
organization that solicits and acts upon his ideas, gives credit where
credit is due and points out errors and poor decisions quickly and
clearly. He performs efficiently and dynamically with limited
supervision and is able to self-motivate and set priorities with minimal
guidance.
PAGE 08
43. ______________________
The Right Staff Employee is flexible to accept new duties, assignments
and responsibilities. He can perform more than one role until the
incremental duties and functions assumed can be assigned to
coworkers in newly defined role. He is also willing to dig in and do
grunt work which eventually will be performed by lower level
employees.
PAGE 09
44. ________________________________
The Right Staff Employee’s reach exceeds her grasp today. Today’s
Right Staff Employee is often next year’s supervisor and a
department manager soon thereafter. She is willing to accept much
higher levels of responsibility that is the norm for her position, title,
experience level or salary. She acts as a strong role model, trains and
coaches others, and soon begins to assume supervisory
responsibilities, again much earlier than would be expected in a
normal corporate environment.
PAGE 10
45. ____________________________
The Right Staff Employee is more than willing to challenge in a
constructive way existing procedures and systems: to her the status quo is
temporary. She suggests changes and improvements frequently and
encourages others to do so also. Right Staff Employees are easier to
manage in some ways but require a higher level of management
involvement in others. Ordinary employees will not produce extraordinary
works over time. Right Staff Employees will generally produce
extraordinary works consistently over time. Unfortunately, unless properly
motivated, managed and rewarded, Right Staff Employees could perform
at lower levels and only produce ordinary works.
PAGE 11
解题技巧
阅读理解B节
多项对应解题技巧
PAGE 02
B节（5小题）本部分有两种备选题型。每次考试从这两
种题型中选择其中的一种形式，或者两种形式的组合进
行考查。本节文章设5小题，每小题2分，共10分。备
选题型包括：
（1）多项对应
（2）小标题对应
PAGE 03
本部分为一篇长度为450~550词的文章，试题内容分
为左右两栏，左侧一栏为5道题目，右侧一栏为7个选
项。要求考生在阅读后根据文章内容和左侧一栏中提
供的信息从右侧一栏中的7个选项中选出对应的5项相
关信息。
PAGE 04
[A] originates from a long walk that the artist took
41. Stone Circle
[B] illustrates a kind of landscape- orientated
light conceptual art
42. Olaf Street Study [C] reminds people of the English landscape
painting tradition
[D] represents the elegance of the British
43. Across the Park land art
[E] depicts the ordinary side of the British land art
44. Towards Avebury [F] embodies a romantic escape into the Scottish
outdoors
[G] contains images from different parts of
45. Seven Days the same photograph
PAGE 05
解题技巧
① 寻找题干关键词
② 回原文定位
③ 把原文与选项比较
PAGE 10
[A] they have a closer intimate distance than Americans.
41. For the Philippines
[B] A 1979 Harris poll changed people’s opinion about
the role of this country in world affairs.
42. In Germany [C] marked packages “Gift” may not be useful to
escape duty payment.
[D] they usually make some compromises in order to
43. In Italy cater to the needs of foreign visitors.
[E] curling the finger to oneself means good-bye
44. For Latins [F] waving farewell is meant to bring a person
closer to him
[G] restaurant menus are rarely translated into
45. In United States multilingual languages.
PAGE 06
Passage 1
Our culture has caused most Americans to assume not only that
our language is universal but that the gestures we use are
understood by everyone. We do not realize that waving good-bye
is the way to summon a person from the Philippines to one's side,
or that in Italy and some Latin-American countries, curling the
finger to oneself is a sign of farewell.
Those private citizens who sent packages to our troops occupying
Germany after World War II and marked them GIFT to escape
duty payments did not bother to find out that "Gift" means
poison in German. Moreover, we like to think of ourselves as
friendly, yet we prefer to be at least 3 feet or an arm's length
away from others. Latins and Middle Easterners like to come
closer and touch, which makes Americans uncomfortable.
PAGE 07
Passage 1
Our linguistic and cultural blindness and the casualness with
which we take notice of the developed tastes, gestures, customs
and languages of other countries, are losing us friends, business
and respect in the world.
Even here in the United States, we make few concessions to the
needs of foreign visitors. There are no information signs in four
languages on our public buildings or monuments; we do not have
multilingual guided tours. Very few restaurant menus have
translations, and multilingual waiters, bank clerks and policemen
are rare. Our transportation systems have maps in English only
and often we ourselves have difficulty understanding them.
PAGE 08
Passage 1
When we go abroad, we tend to cluster in hotels and restaurants
where English is spoken. The attitudes and information we pick
up are conditioned by those natives - usually the richer - who
speak English. Our business dealings, as well as the nation's
diplomacy, are conducted through interpreters.
For many years, America and Americans could get by with cultural
blindness and linguistic ignorance. After all, America was the
most powerful country of the free world, the distributor of
needed funds and goods.
PAGE 09
Passage 1
But all that is past. American dollars no longer buy all good
things, and we are slowly beginning to realize that our proper
role in the world is changing. A 1979 Harris poll reported that 55
percent of Americans want this country to play a more significant
role in world affairs; we want to have a hand in the important
decisions of the next century, even though it may not always be
the upper hand.
翻译到底是怎样给分的？
PAGE 02
考试大纲对部分的要求
考查考生理解所给英语语言材料并将其译成汉语的能力。
要求译文准确、完整、通顺。要求考生阅读、理解长度为
150词左右的一个或几个英语段落，并将其全部译成汉
语。共15分。
PAGE 03
考试大纲对部分的要求
考生应能读懂不同题材和体裁的文字材料。题材包括经
济、管理、社会、文化、科普等，体裁包括说明文、议论
文和记叙文等。
根据阅读材料，考生应能：
理解主旨要义
理解文中的具体信息
理解语篇的结构和上下文的逻辑关系
根据上下文推断重要生词或词组的含义
进行一定的判断和推理
理解作者的意图、观点或态度
PAGE 04
英译汉评分标准（快速破解得分秘密）
卷面印象
PAGE 05
内容标准
信达雅还适用吗？
忠实
PAGE 06
内容标准
达意
PAGE 07
内容标准
书面
PAGE 08
内容标准
准确，完整，通顺
PAGE 09
真题直击（评分标准的运用实例）
these days, but to Ted Ning, the concept will
always have personal meaning. Having endured a
painful period of unsustainability in his own life
made it clear to him that sustainability-oriented
values must be expressed through everyday action
and choice.
译法一：“可持续发展性”变成了一个流行词在这些日
子，但是对于Ted Ning，这个概念将一直有个人的意
义。经历了一个痛苦的阶段的不可持续发展性在他自己的
生活中使得他非常清楚可持续发展性为导向的价值必须被
表达通过每天的行为和选择。
PAGE 10
and choice.
译法二：“耐久力” 变成了一个流行词最近，但是对于泰
德·宁来说，这个词却总是有另外一番含义。经历了一个痛
苦的难以为续的人生就使他清楚可持续性价值必须表达通
过日常的行为和选择。
PAGE 11
and choice.
译法三：“可持续性”，已经成为当前的一个热门词汇，
但是对泰德·宁来说，这个词自有另一番意思，在经历了人
生的一段痛苦的、难以为续的阶段后，他清楚地认识到，
可持续性发展导向的价值必须通过日常的每一个行动和选
择来实现。
直译和意译的选择
PAGE 02
直译
是既忠于原文意思又保留原文形式的翻译
意译
是不受原文词语的限制，不拘泥于原文句子的结构，
用不同于原文的表达方式，把原文意思表达出来。
PAGE 03
实例
电影名称
PAGE 04
实例
谚语俗语
▶To add fuel to the fire
▶To kill two birds with one stone
▶It’s raining cats and dogs.
▶Where there is life, there is hope.
▶When shepherds quarrel, the wolf has a
winning game.
PAGE 05
Smashing a mirror is no way to make an ugly

person beautiful, nor is it a way to make social
problems evaporate.
砸镜子不能使丑八怪变漂亮，也不能使社会问题烟消云散。
砸镜子并不能解决实际问题。
PAGE 06
I gave my youth to the sea and I came home and

gave my wife my old age.
我把青春献给海洋，我回家的时候便把老年给了我的妻子。
我把青春献给海洋，等我回到家里的见到妻子的时候，
已经是白发苍苍了。
PAGE 07
练习
It' s a Smoke Free Area.
Shakespeare put his hometown on the map.
Inexperienced people get stars in their eyes when

they think of improving the world.
When Joan graduated from high school, she looked

at the world through rose-colored glasses.
PAGE 08
能直译先直译
In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, is is
no exaggeration to say, “ united we stand,
divided we fall.”（ 2006年真题）
翻译：在应付一个如此规模的挑战过程中我们可以毫不夸
张的说,“团结，我们就会站起来，分裂我们就会倒下去。
the managers have been more than willing to

adjust team uniforms to fit the growing
members of bigger, longer frames. (2008年真题）
翻译：俱乐部的经理们也非常乐意调整队服的尺寸，以适
应不断增多的、越来越大越来越高的身躯。
PAGE 09
不宜直译才意译
It was the banks that were on the wrong planet,

with accounts that vastly overvalued assets.
翻译：银行们脱离了轨道，它们的账目将资产评估过高。
（2010年真题）
PAGE 10
直译与意译相结合
The purpose of a test is to show what you have

learned about a subject. The world won’t end if
you don't pass a test. So don’t worry excessively
about a single test.
翻译：考试的目的在于显示你对某一科目的掌握程度。一
次考试不及格天是不会塌下来的。因此不必为一次考试过
分担心。
PAGE 11
直译与意译相结合
With the nation’s financial system teetering on a

cliff. The compensation arrangements for executives
of the big banks and other financial firms are coming
under close examination again.
翻译：由于国家金融体制在悬崖边岌岌可危（处于危机边
缘动荡）,一些大银行和金融机构中的高级管理人员的补偿
金计划（薪酬安排）就受到密切关注.
词汇翻译的方法
PAGE 02
增词法
1. That shirt is indeed cheap and fine.
2. We don’t retreat, we never have and never will.
3. Such a conclusion can be drawn with confidence.
4. It is generally considered not advisable to act that

way.
5. He is always a back-seat driver.

PAGE 03
增词法
不要走极端
I can’t sleep.
长夜漫漫，无心睡眠。
PAGE 04
减词法（省略法）
▇ We live and learn.
▇ He who hesitates is lost.
▇ I can do it, and so can you.
▇ Smoking is prohibited in public places.

PAGE 05
减词法（省略法）
▇ If winter comes, can spring be far behind?
▇ She covered her face with her hands as if to protect

her eyes.
▇ Neither party shall cancel the contract without

sufficient cause or reason.
PAGE 06
重复法
为了使译出的汉语不出现歧义且意义明确，而把一些汉
语重复翻译出来
▇ Jane is your friend as much as he is mine.
▇ He gave me a book which I kept to this day.
▇ Light travels more quickly than sound does.
▇ Her husband’s murder shook her faith not only

in the legal system，but in people as well.
PAGE 07
重复法
为了使译出的汉语不出现歧义且意义明确，而把一些汉
语重复翻译出来
▇ Jesse opened his eyes. They were filled with tears.
▇ He guides, inspires and encourages us.
▇ I had experienced oxygen and /or engine trouble.

PAGE 08
隐喻的翻译
▇ It is regrettable that our appeal remained a dead letter.

▇ US wood exports hit new highs.
▇ That depends on Alan Greenspan, but even he doesn’t
know for sure where interest rates are heading.
▇ Youth looks forward and age backward.
PAGE 09
词性的转换
▇ The book is a reflection of Chinese society of the 1930s.
▇ We found difficulty in solving this complicated problem.
▇ A successful scientist must be a good observer.

▇ They did their best to help the sick and the wounded.
PAGE 10
词性的转换
练习
▇ He is no drinker, no smoker.
▇ He is for the suggestion, but I am against it.
▇ I love having Fridays off.

PAGE 11
词义的选择
▇ Have a letter.
▇ Have a cup of coffee.
▇ Have a cold.
▇ Have a try.
PAGE 12
词义的选择
▇ He is the last man to come.
▇ He is the last man to do it.
▇ He is the last man for such a job.

▇ This is the last place where I expected to meet you.
PAGE 13
词义的选择
▇ This is the first round.

▇ There is a round table in the room.
▇ Round the corner slowly.
▇ He walked round the house.
▇ Come round tomorrow.
PAGE 14
Could you pick me up at 7?
He slipped and fell, but quickly picked himself up.
She picked up a used camera at the flea market.
His health picked up after a week in hospital.
Survivors of the air disaster were picked up by small

boats.
PAGE 14
Don't pick up strange boys.
How can you manage to pick up the language in such

a short period of time?
The murderer was picked up within 24 hours.
We picked up the story again at the point where Jack

has lost his job at the newspaper.
句子的翻译方法
PAGE 02
否定肯定的转换
肯定译为否定法
My guess is as good as yours.
I love you more than I can say.
His explanation is far from being satisfactory.
I would rather go out for a walk than stay in the room
do nothing.
You should know better than to make noise while the others
are sleeping.
The above facts insist on the following conclusions.
PAGE 03
否定译为肯定
I couldn’t agree more about it.
His story was nothing but lies.
She is no less diligent than her sister.
We did not notice this matter until yesterday.
The policeman were not going to lose sight of him.
PAGE 04
否定后移
I don’t think he will come.
It is not my opinion that he is the best man for the job.
PAGE 05
特殊结构
The wood bridge is anything but safe.
I have yet to learn the new skill.
You might as well burn the book than give them to her.
We cannot finish the work in the absence of these conditions.
That lazy boy went to class before he had prepared his lesson.
I missed what he said because of the noises.
PAGE 06
主动被动的转换
被动结构不一定是被，也可以是由，为，所，等等
Nothing can be seen in the dark room. （被动变主动）
He appeared in the room and was warmly welcomed by
the audience. （受到）
There are known to be thousands of different languages.
（加主语）
It is reported that Taiwan authorities refused to accept
any help from the mainland. （特殊结构）
PAGE 07
主动被动的转换
结构补充
It is hoped that
It is said that
It has been announced that
It is assumed that
It is considered that
It is noticed that
PAGE 08
主从复合句的翻译方法
主语从句
Whoever fulfills his task first will lend a helping hand
to others.
由it 做形式主语的从句
It is a fact that the USA has sent its fleet to all parts of
the world.
PAGE 09
宾语从句
I have noticed that if you speak too slowly people
may cut you off.
由it 做形式宾语
They consider it a great compliment that the President
will visit them.
PAGE 10
表语从句
The question is whether we can finish our work
by tomorrow evening.
PAGE 11
同位语从句
We can not deny the fact that Beijing, at the moment,
is not as green a city as what we like it to be.
中间用冒号，或 “即” 来连接

The scientists made an exciting discovering that this
waste material could be turned into plastics.
PAGE 12
定语从句的译法
如果定语较短，可以放在被
修饰词之前，中间加“的”
They are the engineers that designed the new-type
machine.
PAGE 13
如果定语长，可以后置，译成并列分句
That is the poor little boy who has no playmates of his

age living nearby and has to go to school by himself.
The relations between China and the United States of

American have been improved, which will contribute
to world peace.
PAGE 14
一些定语在意义上与主句有状语关系，说
明原因，时间，地点，目的，让步等
Electronic computers, which have many advantages,

can not carry out creative work and replace man.
PAGE 15
状语从句
I don’t teach because teaching is easy for me.
The machine did not stop because the fuel was used up.
While we can not see the air, we can feel it.
He pushed open the door gently and stole out of the
room for fear that he should awake her.
You may keep the book a further week provided that
no one else requires it.
PAGE 16
插入结构的译法
英语中，可以做插入语的结构有：副词，形容词短语，介词
短语，不定式短语，分词短语，主谓结构等。如果插入结构
在句首，一般顺序翻，如果插入结构在句中，一般提前翻。
Most important of all, computers create wide

communication around the world.
The movie，to be frank, moved me to tears.

PAGE 17
如果插入结构使用破折号分割，一般是起解释说明作用，
汉语可以保持破折号的插入结构。
The peasant woman receives nothing, since what ever
she earns is the property—as she herself is—of the
husband who has bought her as his wife.
PAGE 18
如果插入结构层次多，则需要一一分析判断逻辑关系
There is, as Robert Rubin, the public relations
secretary, says, small minded officials, rude waiters,
and ill-mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in
the US.
PAGE 19
补充：英语中常见的插入结构有：
apparently 很明显
fortunately 幸运的是
in fact 事实上
by the way 顺便问一句
all in all 总之
to say the least of it 至少可以这样说
to be exact 确切的说
PAGE 20
补充：英语中常见的插入结构有：
generally speaking 一般说来
putting it another way 换句话说
roughly speaking 大体说来
taking all things into consideration 全面看来
strictly speaking 严格的说
as we all know 众所周知
长难句的译法
PAGE 21
顺序法
I think he realized discomfort, for he leant forward in

his chair and spoke to me, his voice gentle, asking if I
would have some more coffee, and when I shook my
head I felt that his eyes were still upon me, puzzled.
PAGE 22
逆序法
And I take heart from the fact that the enemy, who
boast that they can occupy the strategic point in a
couple of hours, have not yet been able to take even
the outlying regions, because of the still resistance
that gets in the way.
PAGE 23
分译法
The president said at a press conference dominated

by questions on yesterday' s election results that he
could not explain why the Republicans had suffered
such a wide spread defeat, which in the end would
deprive the Republican Party of long-held superiority
in the House.
PAGE 24
插入法
If you go to visit Nobel’s old residence, the house in

which the great chemist remained a bachelor
throughout his life, you will catch sight of a shelf
laden with experimental records.
PAGE 25
重组法
The poor are the first to experience technological

progress as a curse which destroys the old muscle-
power jobs that previous generations used as a
means to fight their way out of poverty.
对于以往的几代人来说，旧式的体力劳动是一种摆脱
贫穷的手段，而技术的进步则摧毁了穷人赖以卫生的
体力劳动。因此，首先体验到进步之害的是穷人。
PAGE 26
After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot

parliamentary debates, Australia’s Northern
Territory became the first legal authority in the world
to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill
patients who wish to die.
[参考译文]经过了6个月的争论以及最后16个小时激烈
的议会辩论，澳大利亚北部地区成了世界上第一个允
许医生终止希望死去的绝症病人生命的立法当局。
PAGE 27
As families move away from their stable community,

their friends of many years, their extended family
relationships, the informal flow of information is cut
off, and with it the confidence that information will be
available when needed and will be trustworthy and
reliable.
[参考译文]随着家庭离开他们原来稳定的社区，离开他
们多年的朋友和扩展的家庭关系，非正式的信息流动
被切断了，随之而去还有那种对在需要时能获得可靠
和值得信赖的信息的信心。
PAGE 28
New ways of organizing the workplace—all that re-

engineering and downsizing—are only one
contribution to the overall productivity of an
economy, which is driven by many other factors such
as joint investment in equipment and machinery, new
technology, and investment in education and training.
[参考译文]企业重组的新方法—所有那些重新设计、缩
小规模的做法—只是对一个经济的整体生产力做出了
一方面的贡献。这种经济还受许多其他因素的驱动，
比如结合设备和机械上的投资、新技术，以及在教育
和培训上的投资。
PAGE 29
Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal

husbandry technique to clone humans, he ordered that
federal funds not be used for such an experiment—
although no one had proposed to do so—and asked an
independent panel of experts chaired by Princeton
President Harold Shapiro to report back to the White
House in 90 days with recommendations for a national
policy on human cloning.
[参考译文]他宣布自己反对使用这种非同寻常的畜牧繁殖技
术来克隆人类，并下令，不准联邦政府基金用于做此类试
验——尽管还没有人建议这么做——他还请一个以普林斯
顿大学校长哈罗得•夏皮罗为首的独立的专家组在90天内向
白宫汇报关于制定有关克隆人的国家政策的建议。
写作A节
小作文速成秘籍
PAGE 02
考试大纲对写作A部分的要求
考生应能根据所给的提纲、情景或要求完成相应的短
文写作。短文应中心思想明确、切中题意、结构清
晰、条理清楚、用词恰当、无明显语言错误。由A、B
两节组成，主要考查考生的书面表达能力。共2题，
25分。
A节考生根据所给情景写出约100词（标点符号不计
算在内）的应用性短文，包括私人和公务信函、备忘
录、报告等。共10分。
PAGE 03
形式+内容
PAGE 04
卷面
PAGE 05
格式
PAGE 06
开头
✎ 是朋友知道名字
✎ 是朋友不知道名字
✎ 是商务关系知道名字
✎ 是商务关系不知道名字
✎ 模糊收信人
PAGE 07
正文分三段
第一段：(开门见山，点出主题）
✎I am writing this letter in order to _________.
第二段：(介绍情况，分析理由）
第三段：(再次扣题，客套寒暄）
✎I will be really appreciated if you_______.
I am looking forward to your early reply.
PAGE 08
结尾
✎Yours sincerely
✎(Yours faithfully)
✎(Best regards)
✎(Best wishes)
✎Tom
PAGE 09
卷面
工整，整洁，符合规范
写作A节
揭秘小作文评分标准
PAGE 10
内容：考试评分标准
Directions:
You have just come back from the U.S. as a
member of Sino-American cultural exchange
program. Write a letter to your American colleague
to
express your thanks to his/her warm reception.
welcome him/her to visit China in due course.
You should write about 100 words on ANSWERSHEET .

Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter.
Use “Zhang Wei” instead.
Do not write your address. (10 points)
PAGE 11
低档作文
Dear Susan,
I have just come back from U.S. yesterday. I am in
Beijing now. In U.S. you gived me more help to know
the Sino-American cultural program. Thank you very
much. And when you come to Beijing of China? You can
visit the Great Wall, Lama Temple and the others. You
can see the development of Beijing, for example, wide
road. Welcome you to visit China.
Best wishes,
Zhang Wei
PAGE 12
官方评点
本文不能将规定的任务清楚地表达给读者
✎包含的内容要点不全面；
✎层次不清楚，结构比较混乱；
✎语法结构简单，词汇项目有限；
✎有较多的语法结构和词汇方面的错误，影响了表达的准确性；
✎内容不连贯，衔接性差。本文字数远没达到要求，而且像
I have just come back from U.S. yesterday；In U.S. you
gived me…; And when you come to Beijing of China?
这类基本的语法、时态等错误，说明本文考生基本的应用运
用能力较差。综合得分3分。
PAGE 13
高档作文
Dear Bob，
I have just arrived at my home from the airport. As I sit behind
the desk, I just want to write a letter to you. I am grateful for your
warm reception in this cultural exchange program. You and your
family gave me a deep impression. The program is one of the most
wonderful memories in my life.
In once talk you said you want to travel in China. Well, you will
be welcomed and it will be my pleasure to be your guide. By the way,
send me a list and write down the places where you would like to visit.
Please give my best regards to your family.
Sincerely yours,
Zhang Wei
PAGE 14
官方评点
本文很好地完成了试题规定的任务，
对目标读者完全产生了预期的效果
✎内容切题，包含所规定的要点；
✎所使用语法结构比较规范，词汇比较丰富；
✎语言自然流畅，语法错误较少；
✎有效使用了各种衔接手段，层次清晰，组织也比较严密；
✎格式比较规范。但文本也包含个别错误，如In once talk。
得分9分。
PAGE 15
信函写作类型的讲解
感谢信，邀请信，祝贺信，投诉信，询问信，
建议信，求职信，辞职信，道歉信......
PAGE 10
信函模板
Dear_____,
I am writing this letter in purpose of ________________.
I think it would be a great honor for me if you can grant
this opportunity for me.
I will be really appreciated if you can ________________.

I hope my request did not cause you too much trouble.
Thank you for your attention and consideration. I am
looking forward to your reply with great pleasure.
Yours sincerely,
×××
揭秘大作文评分标准
PAGE 02
考试大纲对写作B节的要求。
要求考生根据所规定的情景或给出的提纲，
写出一篇150词左右的英语说明文或议论
文。提供情景的形式为图画、图表或文字。
共15分。
PAGE 02
写作思维的模式培养
PAGE 02
写作思维的模式培养
PAGE 03
考试评分标准
Directions:
In your essay, you should
1) describe the drawing briefly,
2) explain its intended meaning, and then
You should write neatly on ANSHWER SHEET 2. (15 points)
PAGE 04
考试评分标准
低档作文
Mobile-phone subscription
Now days, Mobile-phone has became a necessary tool in

our daily life. In 2000，the Mobile-phone users in developing
countries are more or less. The user in developing countries
just larger than the user in developing countries.
But 8 years later, there have taken place a greater
change. In the developed countries, there has 1 billion user.
But, the developing country has 4 billion. With the developing
of developing countries. People got more money, has a better
life. The rising rate is amazing. (84words)
PAGE 06
考试评分标准
官方评点：
本文字数不够，明显遗漏主要内容，不能放映需要表达的观点。
语言和用词错误众多，词不达意，说明考生的语言基本功较差，
基本不具备使用英语进行书面表达的能力。得分2分。
PAGE 07
考试评分标准
高档作文
As is shown in the chart, mobile phone subscriptions grow
rapidly from 2000 to 2008. We can also find out that developing
countries are the driving force of such a rapid growth. According
to the chart, mobile-phone subscription number increased to 8
times from 2000 to 2008, that is from around 0.5 billion to 4 billion,
while subscription number only increased twice from around 0.5
billion to 1 billion.
I think there are two main reasons for such a great contrast.
First of all, developing countries have much larger population than
developed countries. For example, China and India nearly have
half of the total population of the world. China has the most
mobile-phone users right now, which increased greatly from 2000
to 2008. It is the same in India and other developing countries.
PAGE 09
考试评分标准
高档作文
Secondly, developing countries have been enjoying strong

economic growth in recent years. As a result, people in most
developing countries are richer and richer, especially in China. So
they can afford to buy such necessities, including mobile-phone, as
the prices continued to drop greatly in the past years.
Thus, we can conclude that as economy grows strongly in
developing countries, people in these countries can buy more
products. (201words)
PAGE 11
考试评分标准
官方评点
本文很好地完成了试题规定的任务，内容完整。在图表内容方
面，考生并不仅仅局限于数字本身，而是注意挖掘这些数字背
后的规律，是对图表具体数字的总结与升华。在评论方面，内
容也比较全面、中肯。本文总体结构完整，语言比较流畅，措
辞准确，用词和句型结构有变化，无重大语法错误。另外，本
文也有效使用了各种衔接手段，内容连贯，前后照应，层次分
明，易于理解。字数符合要求。但本文个别地方表达不准确，
如while subscription number only increased twice from
around 0.5 billion to 1 billion，其主语应当是developed
countries。得分14分。
PAGE 12
考试评分标准
到底什么是高分的标准？
结构 + 内容
PAGE 13
考试评分标准
结构段落化+层次化
段落化三段论（数据变化之积极有利型）
四段论（数据变化之利弊分析型，
数据变化之问题解决型）
层次化论述分三层 : ① first of all, to begin with, initially
② what’s more, furthermore,
besides, more importantly ,
③ last but not least, ultimately,
most important of all
PAGE 14
考试评分标准
内容
PAGE 15
考试评分标准
举例说明
学习英语很重要
English is important.
English is very important.
English is extremely significant
English is of extreme significance to our future career.
It is universally acknowledged that not only middle
school student but also adult students are supposed to
study English as hard as they can.
PAGE 16
考试评分标准
词汇词组句型
图表作文写作技巧
写作B节
PAGE 02
图表作文写作技巧
Directions:
In your essay, you should
1)describe the drawing briefly,
2) explain its intended meaning, and then
You should write neatly on ANSHWER SHEET 2. (20 points)
PAGE 03
描述图表的方法
图表作文描述图表用语
类型
饼图 pie chart
柱状图 bar chart
趋势曲线图 line chart / curve diagram
表格图 table
数字 figure; statistic; number; percentage; proportion

PAGE 04
上升
increase
go up an increase
rise a growth
动词 grow 名词 a jump
jump a soar
leap an upward trend
soar
PAGE 05
下降
fall
decrease a collapse
go down a decrease
动词 slide 名词 a fall
collapse a decline
decline a drop
drop
PAGE 06
对于平稳的趋势的描述
hardly change
have little change
keep steady
level off
remain constant
stay the same
PAGE 07
表示程度的副词
程度较大 Considerably dramatically greatly
Obviously quickly rapidly
Sharply significantly suddenly
程度较小 slightly gradually slowly steadily

PAGE 08
组合描述
先上升后下降的句型
...... increased slowly during…… and ……

but fell sharply in …….
A steady fall in …… during …… and ……

followed the sharp increase in …….
PAGE 09
组合描述
先下降后上升的句型
…… fell before …… began to make a recovery ……
…… continue the recovery, climbing to ……
…… fell and then picked up during ……
…… collapsed before rising to ……at the end of ……

PAGE 10
组合描述
起伏波动的句型
…… fluctuated sharply all through ……
波动不大的句型
…… hardly changed through the period

between ……and ……
PAGE 11
对于百分比进行描述所使用的句型
…… accounts for ……% of the total
…… takes up ……% in the whole chart

PAGE 12
Mobile phone subscription number increased from half a
billion to 4 billion in developing countries, while the number
of developed countries increased from more than half billion
to a little more than 1 billion during the same period.
According to the chart, mobile-phone subscription number
increased to 8 times from 2000 to 2008 in developing
countries, that is from around 0.5
billion to 4 billion, while subscription
number only increased twice from
around 0.5 billion to 1 billion in
developed countries.
THANK YOU FOR WATCHING

2018 Ying Yu

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

2018 Ying Yu

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

英语备考导学宣讲

III. Translation 整篇翻译

The high living standards of the US cause its present

A. assume B. consume C. resume D. presume

When the post fell_____. Dennis Bass was appointed

A. empty B. vacant C. hollow D. Bare

Prior to the 20th century, many languages with small numbers of

• With the development of society, the increasing trend (change) is

Oil-rich nations are enjoying historic

Countries like Russia, Venezuela and

In the United States, as already high

Choose from sweet oranges, big ruby red

Ms. Carr was 31 when she was diagnosed with a

The result was her own personal "cancer posse": a

“Sustainability” has become a popular word

Adolescence is the process of going from childhood to maturity.

The bridge is in the process of being built.

They adopted a new process for making steel.

mobile phone subscription

✎I am listening to the radio.

The longest bull run in a century of art-market

The lack of permanency in relationships, jobs and

✎The fabric is light and strong.

✎He is poor in English, and I am, too.

✎He asked me to have dinner together, and I accepted.

✎Put on your overcoat, or you will catch cold.

✎Either you leave the house, or I call the police.

✎Either you must improve your work or the manager

✎ not only… but also… 不但……而且……

✎ however 然而; 无论如何

Machiavelli, he notes, concluded that one

The U.S. produces nearly a quarter of the

Many powerful forces appear to work against it：

✎That he will come to the discussion is certain.

✎ It is important that he can come to our party.

✎It is said that our school will be rebuilt.

✎It seems that Mary is not coming at all.

✎Tom, my brother, is a spy.

✎The fact that the contract was signed was important.

This episode crystallizes the irony that although

The real problem is that Western governments continue to

Whether most of these languages survive will probably

先行词为专有名词the sun, the universe, the Great Wall,

The Newark Community Foundation, which was

Cory Booker, who became mayor 13 months ago

Michael Lynn，an associate professor of consumer

✎When you think you know nothing, then you begin

✎It will be four days before they come back.

✎After we had finished the work, we went home.

✎I didn't go to bed until（till）my father came back.

✎I have been in Beijing since you left.

✎Each time he came to Harbin, he would call on me.

✎ 由in order that引导

✎ 主要的有if, unless, as [so] long as等

主要的有so that, so…that, such…that等

✎ He studied hard so that he passed the exam.

主要的有because, as, since,

✎ Since /as we’ve no money, we can’t buy it.

seeing (that), now (that), considering (that), in

✎Seeing that it’s raining, we’d better stay indoors.

主要的有although, though, even though, even if等

✎Although he is poor, he’s still happy.

主要的有as, as if, as though等

✎You must do as your parents tell you.