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    11 views7 pages

    AULA 20 - Saskia Sassen

    Uploaded by

    Arquitetandossa
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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 7
    Sas Shia, THE GLOBAL TY. Ienely Arrmerp lows Uneaten ig Pte 4494 One Overview Fon cesrontts, the wld econamy has shaped the eof tes. Ti buck about thet eelatonshp today. Bopagg i the 180s, the or faton of economic acti entered a period af promounced tale fiton The changer were esptesred in thelteredstractar ofthe wot econo, apa armed Ems pei optic pass, Certain {hove changes are by now falar. the domanting of eee power Sos centers in the United Stites, the United Kingda, and oe ‘ecntl naan, the sclernted nesta fever Third Wort ‘comics: the rpiditersatonaloation ofthe Rael) sty io» Sarid nework of anes Each of there changes tered the Jaton ofr to the international economy nthe detades afer World War I, er was an interotonal epee ‘sed on United Stites Jorlanee fo the world scam and he Fels fer lol rade contained in the 1943 Breton Woods aereement By Be sey STOn the condone supporting at regime were Sste Dts ‘The besidown crested voi to whlch stepped perhaps et best ‘fatal dominance, the lage US. traosbatonl india ome aed {hanks Intl pea of traion, the management he iateroations conic oder wast nant exe vf the beaiguarersof ttowe fee y the exly 13 howecer, the lege US. transac tas fies the masive Thrd Worl debt ern, and U.S. sndastal fms espenenced sharp maria share loves fom fei competion AettheIteoatona eoaony did not ply Break oto agment. The evaghy snd composition of the global economy changed 0 ae o> ‘hoes complex daly «maul epered, tet ably itepated 0 ‘puiction Feces ay “The pit of departure the present udy i that he conbyostion of spat dispersal and hal iteration hes costed nee srategie ko formaor sts, Beyond ther log hatory ar centers sternal trade and barking there ces now function in fur new way: Best. 36 phi concentrated command pent in the erganaton of the wold ‘cam, vesind, a ey fcaton for face ad or span serie fms, wich have replaced manufctunns ae the leading ecoromie et- tors thi. as ates of proto, including the production af innova one at there lading sedate and fourths markets ar he rods ad inovations proce. These changes i the functioning of cies ave hada saa pat upon both ateratonl ecomomy and urban frm: Cites coneentiatacotal over vst esutes, while Beas fd specalred service dros have retoctured the atbue ed cd ‘ezanomie oer Thus 2 new type af ety has appeared. ise glad ‘ty. Leading eumples now are New York Lenton ad Taos These thee cities ae th acs ot bak AT hl show these tee ates ave undergone massive ni paral lunges inthe eenoai base, tal oration, an Sod secre But this paral Gevelopment is» pusle. Haw could tes with ‘sei alstory calre pulse, and economy a Sew York Lan nd Tokyo experience sma tassirmatns concentrated into boc sve "el of tie? Not examined at legth in ty stacy. but import at ‘eoretal famework show tranaaton ices tag a fone ty Frashfur to Hong Rong and Sao Paul have tse the sone Arsarie. To undertand te purl of peel change in dere ce requires not simply a poistby-poit comparison of New Nock, Laces fd Tolyo, buts suatlogof hese cites inet ef pal proces fa sede understand why mao eis with dere hate and cose fave undergone pull ecnovse nd soil changes we need ee ine transformations inthe world economy. et te term loa ety ny be reductive and missing 8 sere tha ites are ere stony a aloal economic machine. They are spe places wove spacer ‘eternal dynamis ad socal sete mater ood, we ms Bee to onderstad the gol erder only by analysing why hey scons of the worl eopamy are ncenarysoated meee, How does the posit thee eis nthe world esoomy today ier fom that which they have listcaly held as eeners of banking sed teude? When Mas Weber aniaed the mesieual tes noten gear a the Hanseatic Lamu, be conceived thr trie atthe euaenhe hea las proton, was is ow tata medial city could wis Bon ‘ternal rae ad continue t support fuel le ons Yedwot ale, The modem molecule of tal cues wabig live he ae ong se fufleieot pices inthe Hastate League. ae Weber ident The fs thei adaoced in this book ht the terior open ferret sono acy creates ned for espanded central ctl snd an ‘genient. In ater words, wie a prnine the terol decentainy ttn of economic ati fn recent ears ould have buon scompened| bya corespontingdeceorazasan in nership sod hence in te sp ropriation of pros, there hasbeen litle movement ata! dracon Thouah are fms have increased their ubeoteating to mal Bro, sd tiny patna! fas sa the newly indostlaksag cousins Lee ‘wm rapid, ths frm of growch fs ulinatly par os thom, Enoe EE $$$ ‘dass homeworkors emote rl aca te now pc of Ut cha ‘The transnational corporation contius to contel metho te el peo tanto resp the profs socated with sling inthe wot ‘Be Interatioralatn and exptson of the Enea dea as brought growth oa ge numberof males faanei muskets 2 som, tic ised the expason of the gla indy Ba opleccl nee sd aagement of the nds Bos become concerted nse {og face enters, notably New York, Londen, and Telos. These me count fora proportionate share ofall nal tanned ne tat has ao rapidly since the erty IS, Te fundamental nancy, sted here is tht te ooce gale the ecm comer the hides he aalmeratin of central ethos ins elatvl ew sts tat the aba ces ‘The extremly high densities evident ath business ditt ofthese ste ar one spat expresian ofthis bx The wide scone soe {hat deoity ad ggomeratna wl bec chet beans lal les fomeunitoas advances allow for mainan poplaom a tese Aspera spony conceited. ti, asic protsely bee of heer ‘eal sper fctated by telecomivnicaon ta lomerston cern cetixing ates has sbarly erent, T's nota ene tiation of oid patterns of agglomeration, there eu ewe ns Be ‘ovegstatin. tn Webern tims, tec ie noe spite of coed {none which fouss onthe devel af pete peumapas coe ttl es inthe ternal economic der ‘second major Heme a ths Bok conerac the ict of Ui tp a nomic goth on the econo order within these ces. te see ‘yt gp beyond the Weberan ato of corinaton aod Bells 190) Soon of the postin one to understand ths ease ses Bel ie Weber, asses thatthe further suey ules fm nine teen-century indus expt, the mote the aero the ail or derisnsolied in pure manuel paces wt the een of ato be menazed booming of Seomday iptance, Clea! eter me, tow ‘ett aly nodal points for he sotto of paveses vedas 1966); ey ave ao pilaster of prdction. "They are ater fr the proditon of pecilzed reves seded by complex organs for nn pty elspersed nets fois, ober, so seres nets an (the prodction of facil novation and te making matt, bth cata to the iterator and enero of hf ‘uncial ot: To understand the stucture fala in, we hoe fo Sndertind ita place where certain Hinds of work ean ge ewe 'sto zt hit we hve to get bend the drhotomy betwee ander Ingand services, The "ings a gobaly maleswe secs and fas a pods is tve shit highlevel business snes, from scouting #9 29: semi eonsoling te nt uoaly amalyed ata preuction process. Such Sevze are ually seen a2 ype of eput derived fom highevel tee. ‘eal inowedge. Thal challenge he view. Moreover, using new sl Ssthip on proiuce servis, I Sal examin the extet to which bey trl global igi nt they ar the et conceded tes Er eceang these series "A second way this analysis goes beyond the existing tear on cites onceres the fava incur. tall rape how the chasce a2 al ety i abaped by the emerging orzanntion othe Banca indus fry The aclested preducuon of ucts ad the new importance Fs lege nuber of reately srl ance Inston led to re wed ov expand re fr the marketplace nthe Suna nds se the decd of the 19805 The msketplce has assumed sew sates sod rutine economic functions. In compan tthe por pas, when the {ire anentonl bake domisated the netonal and internal San cll market Insofar os Baal “produc an be used ttertonay {he market bat reyppeaed in «ew form in the gabal econoy. New York London, and Talo play ves av patos ste or Eni in ovations and centalized marketplaces fr these "rodoets ‘ley dynam runing trough thee various acts tod orang ny aa of he ple of al ces isthe world reso ie their ‘ably preci bl ote By esing on Ue production of ‘vce and fant tnovatons, Lam selene ts depace the focus of ‘stents fot tho fama sues ofthe power of rg corporations over Encrnments and economies or supracorprte cncentetion of power {Brough ntesockng dirctors or oration, eh athe IME. tran infocus on an pet that he reeves tention, which could Ueefeted to athe proce of slobl entra the war of podaciag and ‘producing the organization an management fs bl prouion tem and» global maker for nes, My Scus tnl on owe, bt ‘npc the produto of those nts that costae the espa iy for Boal sont andthe inftructare fob sve in a pro ction ‘The power fee corporations sft to expla the xpalty Sorghntl contol Obsinly greerament ako fice a nereaing com plex envionment i whick highly sopistcted machineries of central Teed managerat and contol are aeesary. Moree the igh level of ‘pesuization ind the gowing demand fr these speclzed pus fave ‘Geated the condition for a beestandingidasey- Now stl ems cas by component of bal epably, suh a matagesenconsulung inteoatinal ll ave, And soc fre and goversmetesasphre inthe world. Wide the lage corporton is undoubtedly hey agent ‘adcng the development of hi apd atthe sl user Equally misleading wold bean exclosiveSrson transotionl banks Lp ts the end fe 1980 Third World debe cis, the ng teansnstonl ‘rok downata the Seas arate i tere of both welime 8 te ‘tare of Grn tanactions. Aer 195, this Somioance wa rereoaly ‘hillenged by other Bnancilinstaos andthe novation Uy eo iced Ths led toa wanton inthe leading components ofthe & ancl indaty. a proliferation of Ssasci astutns. and the apd Interotionaliastion of Bani arkets athe han ot wba, The imerporation fe wali of markets all oer the wold foto» bal ‘tem fed the growth of the indy ater the 1982 debt ce wile ‘so creating new fv of conceatraton ins ow leading Shane cen fers Hence, fp the save ofthe socl snd, «Hes onthe laze ‘rensnationl baa would eel precy the stor of he indsry shore much ofthe new gowth and production of isoatons hao “hrc it would leave ut tn examination ofthe wide range oat, ms, and markets tht eonttate the Eoancial indy in te 198, "Foor, there area number of reasons to foe ad on marketplaces td prodvction sie eather than onthe large corprtions td hake “Mow scholarship onthe internationals af the ecoany bs leady Second an the rg corporation nd wansnatonal bas. To contin Seeus on the corporations abd bake would esa to inst atenson © ‘hele oral power, raler than exaninog te wide way of eonoaie cues many tae the corporation, teed to pode al Feo {ice that power And the ce of ance. 4 Ger om he lrge ans tonal bak woul leave oot precely Sat instinct of he Indurry where the key component of the new grt have been Stated and put ito crcltoe, Falls, exch fics an corporations nd banks Ives out a umber of tac abot the so, seosome 008 ‘scl nace ofthese acts on theses that ona hen, 2 or ‘facern in thi book odo I arnt below ‘A thud mejor thee explared in this bok encore the eansequences of those devlopmoats forthe aaoal rten stem im each of these curtis and forthe relationship of the bal ity to allows ‘While fom inj tics av the es of production forthe new eb Gin! apubi large number of other major ates have lst ee fol as leading export coters for indus anuactoring a esl of the decentralization ofthis for of production. Cites such as Det, LUsesposl; Mancherer, and now oeressingy Nagoya an@ Oral have bron fected by the decentaiason of th Bey industries atthe dor ‘Moric and internions! velo According the fit hypothes pre ‘Sted swe, thse proces as conrbted to te srt of seco fry and ies prime benef, London, snd Tago, We need tow bow tas gost aken the che ons between the ables and what wor once te ade aes ‘enters in thelenatinas. Does glbulstion bing abut sctinesia on si of Tove Cty ‘Nagoya to ashore nations {Thales eh Koren andthe United sites) and the develgment fs the fon one ‘new beadqaater fe Tote Tal. Sunil, re a question abot the relation been sch aajor ‘tis a Chicaps, Oa, and Manchester, ence lending ndcted ote ‘nthe worl, and shal markets gene Both Chctgosee Odes ‘nl contins be import Sinancalceteron the bus ol he oe string indus, We wuld watt knw they hve ta eo, relate in thse foncions asx rele of the doce a ae gel ‘adustal mathe. or instead have undergone paral enteatgen In all these qustins, ta mate of anlertancig uh porte, beled nthe iteration ste of prodoser serves nal ees es

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