Prediction of Axial Shortening in Buildings PDF

PREDICTION OF AXIAL SHORTENING
THE LANDMARK ABU DHABI ALHABTOOR CCC JV

SHORTENING PREDICTION
Introduction
This presentation is intended to

shed the light on the nature of
the Shortening criterion in concrete, the
method of prediction
and application of information.
THE LANDMARK ABU DHABI – ALHABTOOR CCC JV

April 09 SHORTENING PREDICTION 2
TYPES OF SHORTENING
Elastic shortening (instant)
Shrinkage
- Drying shrinkage (instant)
- Autogenous shrinkage
(time dependant).
Creep (time dependant)

FACTORS AFFECTING SHORTENING
1 – ELASTIC SHORTENING
Strength of concrete.
Age of loading.
Magnitude of loading

2 – SHRINKAGE
Ambient humidity.
Dimensions of element.
Composition of concrete.
SHRINKAGE DOES NOT DEPEND ON LOADING

3 – CREEP
Ambient humidity.
Dimensions of element.
Composition of concrete.
Strength of concrete.
Magnitude of sustained load.
Age of loading.
CREEP IS DEPENDANT ON SUSTAINED LOADING

MONITORED OBJECTS
Shortening is being predicted

and monitored for all “Vertical
Structural Elements”,
That is:
COLUMNS
and
COREWALL ELEMENTS

LET’S LOOK AGAIN AT THAT LAST IMAGE….
Long term Shortening yet to take place AFTER PLACEMENT is the key figure
to assess impact.

LONG TERM SHORTENING YET TO TAKE PLACE AFTER PLACEMENT
Long term Cumulative shortening for a column at

level 30, starts well before placement date.
Long term cumulative shortening yet to take place

at that point equals:
Long term cumulative shortening at that point LESS

Interim Cumulative Shortening that has already
taken place at time of pouring the slab.

WE NEED TO AGREE ON THE DEFINITION OF THE TERMS
JUST MENTIONED:
Final floor Shortening: “FFS”

Is the final (30+ years) shortening for a “VSE” at a given level.
Final Cumulative Shortening “FCS”:

Is the final (30 + years) and cumulative shortening for all the VSEs
underneath a point at a given level.
Interim Cumulative Shortening “ICS”:

Is the cumulative shortening for all the VSEs underneath a Target
Point at a given time.

MORE DEFINITIONS
LEVEL ADJUSTMENT:
Floor slab should be constructed to a higher level than that designed

such that design level would be reached to upon completion of final
shortening.
Adjustment at a given level should be equal to the “Cumulative

Shortening” yet to take place for all columns underneath that level
from the date of slab placement and for 30 years to come after
loading completion.
Level Adjustment = Final (30 Y) Cumulative Shortening at the point less

the “Interim Cumulative Shortening at time of placement = FCS – ICS.

WHY DO WE NEED TO PREDICT SHORTENING ?.
To determine the level adjustment amount.
To assess the impact on interfacing structures.
To establish construction tolerance in interfacing

installations (cladding, pipe risers, vertical railing ..etc)
.
To assess the impact of column / core wall differential

shortening on the structure.

CALCULATION METHODOLOGY
The magnitude of long term elastic,

shrinkage and creep strains has been
calculated as per the provisions of BS EN
1992-1-1:2004.

PREDICTION METHODOLOGY 1 - ANALYSIS PARAMETERS
SHORTENING CALCULATIONS TO THE REQUIREMENTS OF "EUROCODE 2, BS EN 1992-1-1:2004

RH Relative Humidity % age
A coefficient depending on the relative

H 1.5[1+(.012 RH)18] ho + 250 3 , <= 1500 3
humidity & member size - for fcm => 35
t0 Age of concrete at loading

c Compressive stress applied at age to
ho Section notional size = 2 Area / Perimeter
t Age of concrete at the moment)

t-t0 Non-adjusted duration of loading
Cefficient for the calculation of
cc(t) exp{s[1-(28/t)1/2]} = e{s[1- (28/t)]}
compressive strength fcm(t) at age t
fcm(t) Compressive strength at age t cc(t). fcm
Ecm Concrete secant modulus of elasticity 22 (fcm/10)0.3
Ecm(t) Tangent Modulus of Elasticity at age "t" [fcm(t) / fcm]0.3 .Ecm

PREDICTION METHODOLOGY 2 - ELASTIC SHORTENING
e t Elastic strain at time "t" c / Ecm(t)

PREDICTION METHODOLOGY 3 - DRYING SHRINKAGE
Coefficient related to relative

RH
humidity
1.55 [1 - (RH/RHO)3]
ds1 Coefficient depends on cement type
ds2 Coefficient depends on cement type
0.85[(220+110. ds1).
cd.0 Basic drying shrinkage strain exp(-
6
ds2.fcm/fcmo)]. RH/10
(t-ts)
ds(t,ts)
(t-ts)+0.04 ho3
kh Coefficient depending on "ho" Equals 0.7 for ho =>500
cd (t) Long term drying shrinkage ds(t,ts).kh. cd.0

ca ( ) 2.5(fck-10)106
as(t) 1 - exp(-2t0.5)
ca (t) The autogenous shrinkage as(t) . ca ( )
cs Total shrinkage strain cd + ca

PREDICTION METHODOLOGY 4 - CREEP
Ec Tangent Modulus of Elasticity. 1.05 Ecm
1 1 2, 3 are coefficients to (35/fcm)0.7
2 consider the influence of the (35/fcm)0.2

3 concrete strength on the creep strain. (35/fcm)0.5
(to) A factor allowing for age of loading effect. 1 / (0.1 + to0.2)
A factor to allow for the effect of concrete 16.8

(fcm)
strength on the notional creep coefficient fcm
(t,to) A coefficient to count time effect [(t-t0) / ( H+ t - t0)]0.3
RH A factor to allow for the effect of humidity. [1+(1-RH/100). 1/(0.1 ho^0.333)]. 2
0 Notional creep coefficient RH . (fcm). ( (t0)
t,to The creep coefficient. . c(t,to)
cc t,to Creep deformation (strain) at time "t" t,to c Ec

THE MASTER SPREADSHEET
Data base for geometric, material and loading information for each
column / corewall element, including the construction schedule,
has been entered into a Master Spreadsheet.
Cells of the Master Spreadsheet encapsulate the formulae needed to

calculate the strain in the column corresponding to following
loadings imposed by floor slabs supported by the column:
SWL : Self Weight Load.

SDL : Super-imposed Dead Load.
SLL : Super-imposed Live Load.

MASTER SPREAD SHEET - INSERTING CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE

MASTER SPREAD SHEET - INSERTING COLUMN PROPERTIES

MASTER SPREAD SHEET – PART 1

DETAIL “A”
MASTER SPREAD SHEET – PART 2

MASTER SPREAD SHEET – DETAIL “A”

MASTER SPREAD SHEET – GETTING A SHORTENING VALUE ON A GIVEN DATE

LEVEL ADJUSTMENT ACHIEVED
To determine the level

adjustment amount.

MASTER SPREAD SHEET – GETTING A COLUMN PROFILE AT A GIVEN LEVEL
PREDICTED PROFILE FOR C1- L 30 TOP

0.00
28-Oct-08
28-Nov-08
28-Oct-09
28-Nov-09
28-Jan-08
28-Feb-08
28-Jun-08
28-Jul-08
28-Aug-08
28-Dec-08
28-Jan-09
28-Feb-09
28-Jun-09
28-Jul-09
28-Aug-09
28-Dec-09
28-Jan-10
28-Feb-10
28-Apr-08
28-May-08
28-Sep-08
28-Apr-09
28-May-09
28-Sep-09
28-Apr-10
28-May-10
28-Mar-08
28-Mar-09
28-Mar-10
-10.00
PREDICTED
-20.00 FINAL
MEASURED
-30.00
-40.00
-50.00
-60.00
CHART NO. C3-L30-04009-01 COLUMN C3 POINT AT L 30 DATE 3-Jun-08

MASTER SPREAD SHEET – IMPACT OF SHORTENING ON INTERFACING STRUCTURES (THE CANOPY)
PROFILE AT L-1
April 09
-70.00
-60.00
-50.00
-40.00
-30.00
-20.00
-10.00
PROFILE AT L-7
0.00
9-Feb-08
9-Mar-08
-140.00
-120.00
-100.00
-80.00
-60.00
-40.00
-20.00
0.00
INTERFACING STRUCTURE LONG
9-Apr-08
26-Apr-08
TERM DIMENSIONAL CHANGE

9-May-08
26-May-08
H = A – B = 4.9 mm
9-Jun-08
26-Jun-08
9-Jul-08
26-Jul-08
9-Aug-08
26-Aug-08
9-Sep-08
26-Sep-08
9-Oct-08
26-Oct-08
9-Nov-08
26-Nov-08
9-Dec-08
26-Dec-08
9-Jan-09
26-Jan-09
9-Feb-09
26-Feb-09
9-Mar-09
26-Mar-09
9-Apr-09
26-Apr-09
9-May-09
26-May-09
9-Jun-09
26-Jun-09
9-Jul-09
26-Jul-09
9-Aug-09
26-Aug-09
9-Sep-09
26-Sep-09
9-Oct-09
26-Oct-09
9-Nov-09
26-Nov-09
9-Dec-09
26-Dec-09
9-Jan-10
INSTALLATION COMPLETION
A
26-Jan-10
B
INTERFACING STRUCTURE
9-Feb-10
26-Feb-10
9-Mar-10
14 APRIL 2010
26-Mar-10
9-Apr-10
26-Apr-10
9-May-10
26-May-10
9-Jun-10
26-Jun-10
26-Jul-10
26-Aug-10
29
IMPACT ON INTERFACING STRUCTURES ASSESSED.
To determine the level adjustment

amount.
To assess the impact on interfacing

structures.

MASTER SPREAD SHEET – IMPACT OF SHORTENING ON INTERFACING INSTALLATIONS (CURTAIN WALL)
PROFILE AT L-36 PROFILE AT L-35
April 09
-350.00 0.00
-300.00
-250.00
-200.00
-150.00
-100.00
-50.00
0.00
-350.00
-300.00
-250.00
-200.00
-150.00
-100.00
-50.00
4-Dec-08
24-Dec-08
4-Jan-09
INTERFACING STRUCTURE LONG

24-Jan-09
TERM DIMENSIONAL CHANGE

4-Feb-09
24-Feb-09
4-Mar-09
H = A – B = 2.1 mm
24-Mar-09
4-Apr-09
24-Apr-09
4-May-09
24-May-09
4-Jun-09
24-Jun-09
4-Jul-09
24-Jul-09
4-Aug-09
24-Aug-09
4-Sep-09
24-Sep-09
4-Oct-09
24-Oct-09
4-Nov-09
24-Nov-09
4-Dec-09
24-Dec-09
4-Jan-10
INSTALLATION COMPLETION
24-Jan-10
A B
4-Feb-10
24-Feb-10
4-Mar-10
INTERFACING
20 APRIL 2010
24-Mar-10
4-Apr-10
24-Apr-10
4-May-10
24-May-10
4-Jun-10
24-Jun-10
4-Jul-10
24-Jul-10
4-Aug-10
A 24-Aug-10
4-Sep-10
24-Sep-10
4-Oct-10
24-Oct-10
4-Nov-10
24-Nov-10
4-Dec-10
24-Dec-10
4-Jan-11
24-Jan-11
4-Feb-11
24-Feb-11
4-Mar-11
24-Mar-11
4-Apr-11
24-Apr-11
31
CONSTRUCTION TOLERANCE IN INTERFACING INSTALLATION VERIFIED

structures.
To establish construction tolerance

in interfacing installations (cladding,
pipe risers, vertical railing ..etc) .

THE EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Information extracted from various Master Spreadsheets has
been classified sorted in 5 schedules A through E.
These schedules were listed in an “Implementation Duty
Matrix” along with a listing for their
functions and concerned parties.

SCHEDULE A
A summary for
30 years final
cumulative
shortening

SCHEDULE B
Balance Final
Cumulative
Shortening yet
to take place
after placement
of VSEs
SCHEDULE
C
Change in
inter-floor
height

SCHEDULE D
Floor level
adjustment

SCHEDULE E
Differential
shortening
between
corewall &
columns at
pivots.
COLUMN / COREWALL DIFFERENTIAL SHORTENING COMPUTED.

structures.
To establish construction tolerance in

interfacing installations (cladding, pipe
risers, vertical railing ..etc) .
To assess the impact of column /

core wall differential shortening on
the structure.

THIS IS THE END OF THE PRESENTATION
Thank you very much for listening..

I shall be ready for your question after
viewing a Master Spreadsheet.
M.H.


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PREDICTION OF AXIAL SHORTENING

THE LANDMARK ABU DHABI ALHABTOOR CCC JV

This presentation is intended to

THE LANDMARK ABU DHABI – ALHABTOOR CCC JV

Elastic shortening (instant)

Creep (time dependant)

THE LANDMARK ABU DHABI – ALHABTOOR CCC JV

THE LANDMARK ABU DHABI – ALHABTOOR CCC JV

SHRINKAGE DOES NOT DEPEND ON LOADING

THE LANDMARK ABU DHABI – ALHABTOOR CCC JV

CREEP IS DEPENDANT ON SUSTAINED LOADING

THE LANDMARK ABU DHABI – ALHABTOOR CCC JV

Shortening is being predicted

THE LANDMARK ABU DHABI – ALHABTOOR CCC JV

THE LANDMARK ABU DHABI – ALHABTOOR CCC JV

Long term Cumulative shortening for a column at

Long term cumulative shortening yet to take place

Long term cumulative shortening at that point LESS

THE LANDMARK ABU DHABI – ALHABTOOR CCC JV

Final floor Shortening: “FFS”

Final Cumulative Shortening “FCS”:

Interim Cumulative Shortening “ICS”:

THE LANDMARK ABU DHABI – ALHABTOOR CCC JV

Floor slab should be constructed to a higher level than that designed

Adjustment at a given level should be equal to the “Cumulative

Level Adjustment = Final (30 Y) Cumulative Shortening at the point less

THE LANDMARK ABU DHABI – ALHABTOOR CCC JV

To determine the level adjustment amount.

To assess the impact on interfacing structures.

To establish construction tolerance in interfacing

To assess the impact of column / core wall differential

THE LANDMARK ABU DHABI – ALHABTOOR CCC JV

The magnitude of long term elastic,

THE LANDMARK ABU DHABI – ALHABTOOR CCC JV

SHORTENING CALCULATIONS TO THE REQUIREMENTS OF "EUROCODE 2, BS EN 1992-1-1:2004

A coefficient depending on the relative

t0 Age of concrete at loading

ho Section notional size = 2 Area / Perimeter

t Age of concrete at the moment)

compressive strength fcm(t) at age t

fcm(t) Compressive strength at age t cc(t). fcm

Ecm Concrete secant modulus of elasticity 22 (fcm/10)0.3

Ecm(t) Tangent Modulus of Elasticity at age "t" [fcm(t) / fcm]0.3 .Ecm

THE LANDMARK ABU DHABI – ALHABTOOR CCC JV

e t Elastic strain at time "t" c / Ecm(t)

THE LANDMARK ABU DHABI – ALHABTOOR CCC JV

Coefficient related to relative

ds1 Coefficient depends on cement type

ds2 Coefficient depends on cement type

cd (t) Long term drying shrinkage ds(t,ts).kh. cd.0

cs Total shrinkage strain cd + ca

THE LANDMARK ABU DHABI – ALHABTOOR CCC JV

Ec Tangent Modulus of Elasticity. 1.05 Ecm

1 1 2, 3 are coefficients to (35/fcm)0.7

2 consider the influence of the (35/fcm)0.2

A factor to allow for the effect of concrete 16.8

(t,to) A coefficient to count time effect [(t-t0) / ( H+ t - t0)]0.3

RH A factor to allow for the effect of humidity. [1+(1-RH/100). 1/(0.1 ho^0.333)]. 2

0 Notional creep coefficient RH . (fcm). ( (t0)

t,to The creep coefficient. . c(t,to)

cc t,to Creep deformation (strain) at time "t" t,to c Ec

THE LANDMARK ABU DHABI – ALHABTOOR CCC JV

Cells of the Master Spreadsheet encapsulate the formulae needed to