BITS, PILANI - K. K. BIRLA GOA CAMPUS Semester II, 2015-16 Renewable Energy (BITS F462) Test I, Regular (Closed-book) Date: 26/02/2016 Weightage: 15%, Marks: 30 Duration: 60 min. Note: Write answers to all sub-questions at one place. Mention source of information, as reference, where necessary. _ 1. Justify the following statements briefly: [2Mx5=10M] (a) The ‘renewables’ appear more sustainable than fossil or nuclear fuels. (b) Wind turbine starting studies are important in a wind power-integrated system. (c) The capability of the wind power plant (WPP) to remain connected during and following a fault (fault ride-through) is important. (4) As per MNRE, current installed wind power generation capacity in India is about 7 times the installed solar power generation capacity. (ce) In a variable speed pitch regulated WPP, the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) implementation results in higher annual average energy yield. 2. Explain briefly the following terms (give only figures, numerical values and/or expressions as the case may be) with reference to WPP: [2Mx6=12M] (a) Power curve of passive-stall controlled wind turbine. - Wind turbine cost breakdown. f) Short duration interruption and sustained interruption. 3. Solve the following: [2Mx4=8M] (a) Find the required diameter of a wind turbine to generate 4 kW at a wind speed of 7 m/s and a rotor speed of 120 rpm. Assume power coefficient=0.4, efficiency of mechanical transmission=0.9, efficiency of generator=0.95, and air density=1.225 kg/m’. : (b) Determine the wind power density at a height of 25 m above ground level, when the average wind speed at 10 m height above ground at the same place is found to be 3.2 m/s. Assume power law index of 0.1428. (c) Calculate the EPF for a given mean wind of 5.5 m/s for the month of October for a ten-minute interval and S7¥_, vf = 1604002 m*/s*. (a) A wind farm utilizes wind turbines with a diameter of 25m, and a hub height of 32 m. The efficiency factor is 50%. What is the power per unit area harvested by the wind farm if the wind speed is 6 m/s? Assume air density=1.225 kg/m’.BITS, PILANI - K. K. BIRLA GOA CAMPUS Semester II, 2015-16 Renewable Energy (BITS F462) Test I, Regular (Closed-book) Date: 01/04/2016 Weightage: 15%, Marks: 30 Duration: 60 min. Note: Write answers to all sub-questions at one place. Mention source of information, as reference, where necessary. 1. Explain briefly the following terms (give only figures, numerical values and/or expressions as the case may be): [2Mx9=18M] (2) Classification of small hydro power (SHP) according to the station capacity as per (b) List any three salient features of community solar cooker. (c) List any four Factors affecting biogas production. (d) Forced-circulation solar water heater. (e) High temperature solar power plant. (£) List any three factors limiting photovoltaic cell efficiency. (g) Municipal solid waste (MSW)-based power project. (h) Solar crop drying. (i) List any three advantages of biodiesel as engine fuel. 2. In the context of India and as per alternate hydro energy center (AHEC) data, answer the following with respect to SHP programme: [6M] (a) Three leading States in India, for development of SHP (as per commissioned ca- pacity). (b) The estimated potential for power generation, and commissioned capacity. (c) The state with maximum projects under implementation. Also mention its eapac- ity. ; 3. Solve the following: [2Mx3=6M] (a) How much collector area would a 1000-MW/(e) solar farm require if the individual efficiencies of the collector system, turbine and generator are 30%, 25% and 90%, respectively? Assume that the average incident solar radiation at the proposed site of the plant is 400 W(solar) /m?. (b) A solar cell has a short circuit current of 25 mA, an open circuit voltage of 0.6 V and a maximum power output of 12 mW. Find the fill factor. (c) The site is a mountain stream with an effective head of 25 m and a fiow rate of 0.01 m/s (Density of water=1000 kg/m’). Calculate the power output if the plant efficiency, is 83%.BITS, PILANI - K. K. BIRLA GOA CAMPUS Semester II, 2015-16 Renewable Energy (BITS F462) ‘Comprehensive Examination Regular (Closed-book) Date: 14/05/2016 Weightage: 40%, Marks: 80 Duration: 180 min. Instructions: Write answers to all sub-questions at one place. Mention source of information, as reference, where necessary. Ql. Explain the following: [3Mx10=30M] (a) Fuel processor in fuel cells. (b) Comparison between acidic and alkaline hydrogen-oxygen fuel cells. (c) Production of hydrogen from electrolysis of water (d) The various methods of hydrogen storage (e) Geothermal gradient. ' (f) Binary cycle geothermal plant. (g) Typical variation of ocean water temperature with distance from water surface. (h) Different biomass conversion technologies. (i) Incremental conductance maximum power point tracking (MPPT) scheme for solar photovoltaic (PV) (j) Solar pumping system. Q2. Explain the following: [5Mx6=30M] (a) Define hybrid energy systems. Discuss the need for hybrid systems. Differentiate between wind-diesel and wind-PV hybrid systems. (b) Discuss the operating characteristics of fuel cells. Also derive the value of voltage efficiency from the characteristics. (c) How is behaviour of stall-regulated wind power generator different from that of pitch-regulated wind power generation? (d) Discuss the present power scenario in India. Further, discuss the status of renew- able energy and revised target (till 2022) for the same.(e) In the context of India and with respect to renewable energy sources such as solar PV, wind, and geothermal, prepare a table describing their installed capacity, leading states, technologies, barriers and applications. (£) Discuss the feasibility of 100% renewable energy systems. Q3. Solve the following: [4Mx5=20M] (a) Ocean waves on an Indian coast have an amplitude of 1.05 m and width of 100 m (b) (c (a) (e) with a period of 5 s measured at the surface water 100 m deep. Calculate the wavelength, the wave velocity, the energy contained in the wave and the power density of the wave. Take water density as 1000 kg/m’. A simple single-basin type tidal power plant has a basin area of 20 km?, The tide has a range of 9 m. The turbine stops operation when the head on it falls below 3m. Calculate the average power generated during one filling/emptying process if the turbine-generator efficiency is 70%. Take sea water density as 1000 kg/m. Define specific speed. Find the specific speed when 150 kW power is to be generated under a head of 100 m at 300 rpm. Also, suggest the type of turbine to be used based on specific speed. - Determine the optimum wavelength of light for PV generation in a solar cell made up of (i) Silicon with band gap of 1.1 eV (ii) Gallium arsenide with band gap of 1.4 eV. Planck's constant is 6.626x 10% J-s, The average wind speeds (measured at BITS-Pilani, K.K Birla Goa Campus) at two different heights 10 m and 20 m are obtained as 3.2 m/s and 4 m/s, respec- tively. Determine the wind power densities at 50 m and 75 m heights. Assume air density=1.225 kg/m°.