English Grammar in Use A self-study reference and practice book for intermediate students NEES Raymond Murphy SECOND EDITION UNIVERSITY PRESS @ CAMBRIDGEThe Bde Bald. Cant CBD AU Sey New Set NY 107 Wand Ron Dakgh Maem 366, asain © Cantey Uy Ps 19 ‘Biwi role roan cohen ang apes, rere tyr ay ae mh ‘Bene pein of Cb Une Pes, cb 198 ‘ooh pag aoe 1986 Scand eaten 9 Bee pri 1958 Peed in Greta by Scaie a, Nasburgh Scand A catkered ois ok xe othe Bi ary CONTENTS Theale vi othe srudent vii Tothe teacher ix Present and past 1 Freer coneiouous (Tam doing) Present smple (ho) Present cemtiniens and pesent simple (1) {am dng tt do) Present continuous and pesent simple (2) [Tam doing and Ido} Past simple (1 did) Past continuous (Tas doing) Present perfect amd past 7 Preset pevfecr (1) (Ihave done) 8 Preset perfect (21 (have done) 9) Present perfect continuous (have been doing) 10 Present perfect continuous and simple (have been doing and haw LL Bow tong have you (been). 12 When.2and How long? For und since 13. Preven perfec ed pant (1) (Ihave done sed 1d) 14 Present perfect and past (2) (Hhave dee and Vid) 1S Past perfecr(Ufad done) 16 Past perfect consinuous (had been doing) 17 Haveand have got 18 Used to(do), 19) Present temas (1am doing do) for he farare 20. {rm going to (do) 21 Willshall (1) 22 Willshall 2) 23 Iwill and Tm going to “24 Will be doing an sell nave done 25 Whn dos When ve dome When audi Models 26 Can, could and (he) ableto 27 Could (do ad could have (done) 28 Must and cant 23. May sud mg (1) 30 May ond might (2) AL Mineand haveto 32 Must mustr' needa’e 33. Should (1) 34° Should (2) IF YOU ARE NOT SURE WICH UNTTS YOU NEED TO STUDY, USE THE STUDY @UIDE ON PAGE 3013S Had beter ts time.. ‘46. Can Could / Would you. ee (equess, offers, permission and iny Contin amd wih? 37" MTdo.-and TEU di. 38 Mdknew.. Tish Fknew.. 39 fthad known. wish I iad known, 440 Would Twish.would Passive AL Passive (1) (is done / was done) 42 Passive (2) (befbeenfbeing done) 43 vassive 3) Bf Boil de eid jonni Reported speech 40 eported speech (1) (He sid that.) 47 Repunied seal) Questions and auxiliary verbs 48 Questions (1) 4 Questions (2) (Do you know where..2/ She asked me where 50 Aunilay vo haven ci.) oh so Hap so SL Question rg (do you? ist iP ere ing and the infinitive 52 Verb + ing (enjoy doing /stop doing et) 52 Verb + tow (decide o do/ forget 0 doe.) S4_ Ver (objec) 1 to... want (eu) to do ete) 55. Verh ing or to... (1) ememberlregeet et) 56 Verb + ing orton. (2) (tryfaced help) 7 Verb +-ing or tox. (3) like / would lke et.) 38 Prefer and would rather 5 Peeps (ila ig, 60 Bolger weed to comeching (Pm woe to) {61 Verh = preposition = ing sorcerd ining acute someway fing et 62 xpressons + ing 63. Toru for. and so tha. (purpose) 64 Adjectwe Ft. 185 Tos (alr o doar preponitom + ing aa wf ig) G6 See mcbody do ane sce somebody doing, 7 Singlone Boring te Tove hel sols} Arties and nouns 668 Countable and uncounable nouns (1) le oun 2) imc with alan an me @ Countable and uncens Conta 71 Alanand the © YOU ARE NOT SURE WHICH UNITS YOU NEED To STUDY, LUSE THE STUDY @UIDE ON PAGE 901 72. The) 73 he (2) (School the sco 2S The 2) (The gral the wlephone / the piano ete the « adjective) 76 Names with and without the (1) ‘77 Names with and without the (2) 78 Singular and plural 79 ‘Noun + pout (a tennis all 2 headache et.) 80. 5 (he yi ae nd Ua the sate ofthe La) Promeams an determiners 81 A friend of mine My own house On my own /by myself 82. Myselyourselfthemseles ete 83. There adit. 84 Some and any SS Nancy 86 Much, many tle few. alo, plenty 87 All/ail of most/ most of no / mone of ec 88 Both both of neither nether of cither/ ether ot 189 Allyevery and whole 90 Each and every Relative clauses 51 Relarive clauses 1) ~ clauses with who/thavwhich 92 Relative clases (2}— clauses with or without whelthawhich 33 Relative clauses (3) ~ whoserwhom'where 94 Relative clases (4}~ entra information clauses (1) 85 Relative clauses {5} ‘entra information clauses (2) 96 ing and -ed clauses (the weman talking 10 Tem, the boy injured in the accident Adjectives and adverbs 97 Adjectives ending ining an -ed (boring/bored ete.) 98 Adjetves: word uedet (a aieeuew luse) — Adjeuives alice veuly (Vou louk tired) 99. Adjectives and adr (1 ewicklgickl 100 Adjectives and adverbs (2) (wellfasate, hard/hardly) 11 Sond such 102 Enough 2nd to 103 Quite and rather 105 Comparison (2) 106 Comparison (3) —as.as J than 107 Superlatives ~ the longest / the mos enjoyable ec. 108 Word order (1) ~ ver «object place and time 109 Word order 2} ~adverbs with the verb IF YOU ARE NOT URE WHICH UNITS YOU NEED To STUDY,110 Sil, ye and already Any more any longer / no longer 111 even Conetions and propositions 112’ Although /though even though — la spit of despite 113 Incase 114 Unless As ong as and provdediproviding TS As reason and te) 116 Like stad 117 Aci 118 For, ving and while 119 By and unl” By the time. Prepesttions 120 Avonin (me) 121 Ontime/intime | Atthe end/in the end 199 Anaton dace) (1) 123 Inavon (ple) (2) 124 Invavion (place) (3) 125 Tolavinito 126 Oni (other uses) 127 By 1D& Nown + preposition fess fo, cause of et) 19. Adjective + preposition (1) 130 Adjective + preposition (2) 131 Verb + preposition (1) at and 0 132. Verb + prepoition (2) abouforiotafter 133 Veab + preposition (3) about and of 1 Verb 1 preporition (4) oBfeefrmon 11S Verh « preposition (5 nintalthtvon 136 Phrasal verbs (ge wp / break dovin/ illin te.) Appeudin 1 Regular au imeg yrs. 274 Append 2 Preent and part tence 276 Appendiv 2 The free 77 Appendix 4 Modal verbs (canlcouldiiliwould etc) 278 “Append 5 Shore fers (m/you'veldn' etc.) 279 Appendix 6 Speling 280 ‘Appenux7 Amencan English 282 Additional exercises 284 Seudy pide 301 Key to Exercises 310 Keyra Addional everciees 340 Keyro Study guide 343 {F YOU ARE NOT SURE WICH UNITS YOU NEED TO STUDY, USE THE STUDY @UIDE oH PACE 201 THANKS | would like to thank ll the students and teachers who used the material chat ‘made up the orgital edition ofthis ook. In particular, am grateful to my exw elles tthe Swan Scant of Elis, Onn fr all cr intron sand ssceuragemest ould also like othaele Asian da Plesis Alcon Raster Barbara Thomas and Michael Suan for thr belp with he orginal edition, Regarding tis new edition, 1 would ke to expres my thanks ts Jeanne MeCanten for her help and alice thennghowt the preparation ofthe proc, ‘Alison Silver, Geraldine Mark, Peter Donovan, Ruth Carim and Nick [Newton of Cambridge University Press Gerry Abbot, Richard Fay, Clare West and Pam Murphy for thelr comments ‘on the manusript ‘Soe André nd Pan! Heaccc for tei help with the append on American Enis ‘Amanda MacPbil for the illustrationsTO THE STUDENT “This book ef wither a teacher ten ho want help with Englich grammar It is written fr you to use ‘The book will be well for yo if yu ate ne teu theaters uli He 1 Whar ithe difernce betwsen did and I ae dove? When do we wse wil forthe frure? What isthe sructre after J wish? When do we say used 0 do and when dowe say used to doing? ‘When do we se thee What fe uilfeeine xtc like wl a? “These and many other point of English grammar are explained in the hook and there are ‘exerci on each pou, Led ‘the book is itended mainly tor mfermedtate students stents who have already studied the bai grater of Ful), couceatraes on shoe structures wich tevvediace sales wat ‘grammar will ako find dhe book sel “The book i not suitable for elementary lstnes How the book is onponised “There are 136 unin the hook. Each nt concentrates on a pariclar pon of prammar. Soe problems (fr example, the present perfect or the oe of he) ae covered it more than One unit. Fora list of uit, se the Contents a the beginning ofthe book, "Each unit consists of two facing pages. On the lft there ae explanations and examples on the right ere are exercises. Ate batk ofthe book theres a Key for you vo check your ‘newer to the execs (page 310) “There ave alan even Appar atthe hack of the hook (pages 974-983), Thee ince irregular verb, summaries of verb fers, speling and American English. ally, theres 2 dele Index a the back ofthe book (page 344). How to se the book The units are not inorder of difficulty, so itis not intended that you work through the book from begining to end. Fvery learner has diferent problems and you should use this book to help you wth the gramme eh you i Sifu Ie ¥ uggested tha you Work 1m Es a 1 Use the Contents andlor Indes to find which uit deals with the point you are interested in. Ifyou are nor sure which units you need to study, ue the Study guide on page 301 1+ Seedy the explansrioas and exomples ox the felt ban! page of the wit yors Bove chosen, Disthe neers an the vght-haed pee + Check your answers with the Key «your answers are not correct, study the left-hand page again co see what went wrong. You can of couse use she hook simply a a reference hook without doing the exercises. Aadioual cactises ‘Atthe hack of the boo: there are Additional ececzes (pages 284. 300), These exerci: bring other seme of the erannar points fem a numberof diferent units. For example. Exercise 14 Insis together grammar points fom Units 26-40, You can use these exercises for entra practice alter you have studied and pratsed the grammar in the units concerned. TO THE TEACHER English Grammar n Use wos write ae asl study grammar book but teachers may also Find i wel ae additional cnurse material in cases where futher work on grammar is necessary. "The book will probably be most useil st middle- and upper intermediate level (where al ‘or nearly allo the material wil be relevant), and can serve hoth 3s a bass for revision and {sa meses for practising new siactares Ie will as be fl for some more svat ‘rudents who have problems with grammar and needa hook for reference snd procie. The Thon ewe intenad vbr ye hy erent Tenens The units ae organise in grammatical categories (Present and past, Articles and nowns, Prepestionse:). They are not ordered according to level of dificil, so the book should ‘ot be worked through Irom beginning 0 ed. it should he used selectively and Hey secordance withthe grammar slabus belng used 2d he dficutes students are havi, “The book can he used for immediate consolidation or for late revision o remedial work Iemrighe hen bythe whole clase or by indvidnalemidents needing exes hely The l hand pares explanations and examples) are writen fr the student to use individually but they may ofcourse be used by the teacher asa source of ideas and information on which to base a lesson. The student then has the let hand page asa record of what has been taught nd ca eer tot in the Ture. The exercises cathe done indivi, i class or a8 homework, Alternatively (and additionally individual students can be directed to study certain unite ofthe hook by themelve if hey have particular difficulties nor shared by other ‘siden inthe clas. “This new edition of Eali Granomar ix Use contains a set of Additional exercies (popes 284-300), These exercises provide ‘mixed pracice bringing together grammar points fom a ‘urer of éiferent ts ‘A chesrocm ein” of Engl» Graver Use ip alo svalable. We casts hey ad some teachers might therfore prefer efor we with thei seeder.Enalish Grammar in Use Second Ecition While this is «completly new edition of English Grammar in Use, the general scructure and character ofthe orginal book remain the same. The main. lute oe ugha 4 There ae new unis on compound nouns (Unit 79), there and it (Uni 83), each and every (Ure 90) abd by (Uni 127) ‘Some units have been redesigned, for example Unit 73 (shoal or the schoo!) sa Unie 95 (clave anes 4) Senne ofthe nate ws ee engined Fos expe ia 3-4 ene | "uncountable nouns) oveespond ro single unit inthe ergial edition. The ‘material in Units 131-135 (verb + preposition) has heen completly rearranged + Some ofthe units have beer reordered and nearly al nits have a different ‘number from the original edition. A few units have been moved to different pans of the nook. For exampie, Unit 39 (had Better and ne.) the few rent version ofthe orginal Unit 6S. + Onde lel many of sod payesy tay of te explanations lve been tevin and 1+ Many ofthe orginal excess have be eplvel wit neve onemre There ica new ection of Additional exercvs atthe back: of the hook (re To the studen, 1 Tae eivion with answer there i new Study eid to help students esi which unis to stu (see To the studen) The Study guide is only in the edition with answers + There are two new appendices on future forms and modal verbs, The other appendices hove been revised. English Grammar in Use ESour 1 Present continuous (1am daing) A Sead this example stations ‘An vn er ar She cs her way eo work dhe is deving fo work, “Ths means she dng nota the tie of > lates cnt ) Sw Ne _—_———— Aware ing is he present conmimuons T eyeuitey ae Bt am dang camething = rnin the mide dosing something Pv sarted dng a I Raven finshed ye. Often the ation is happening at the time of speaking: "Pease don't make so much noise, I'm working (no ‘ werk’) ‘where’ Margaret” "She's having 2 bath (nor ‘she has 2 bath’) Lets yo out wow. Int ning ny mine. (ot Te Joes ssi’) 1 (01 pors) Hello, Jone. Are you enjoying the pay? for ‘do you exo") © Pintited 'm eoing to fed sv. Goodlivtn! Bar the ction s nor necessarily happening a the time of speaking, For example “Tom and Ann sve railing ina ele Tim eng an nersting Fak are rome A iilndinte you when fe Renal) ‘Tom is not eading the hook tthe time of speaking. -Hemeans that he has started i but not nish i ye. He i the midae of rein ‘Some moe examples ‘© Catherine wants to workin Italy, so shes learning Iain. (but perbaps she isn’ leaenng Tttian exactly a the time of speaking) 1» Some fends of mine are building thet own House, They hope wil be finshed etore © We use the presen contnuoes when we tlk abour things happening in a period around now (hor example, today his week this evening et): "You're working hard today” "Yes Thave a lotro do. (not you work hard today") (© ts susin working this weeks" "No, she's ox holiday. ‘We ure the prerenrconsinuous when we tlle abou changes happening around now ‘© The population ofthe world is ising very fs, (nt“ises) (Is your Enis getting better? (not ‘oes your English pec beter) Preset crus acercertsinele = EER] Pecrtcorsncus tore ue» EEE “4 12 13 15 EXERCISES 1 Complete de sentences wit une uf te fll ver in the wurrect forms come get happen look make start stay try wore 1 "You Ne merhing. hard today.” “Yes, have lotto do. zt {or latin: Du ya hue whence? an ark Shall urn on she lighe? 4 They haven't got anyorhere to live atthe mornent. They with friends uni they find somewhere. 5 ‘Are you ready, Ann?” Yes) Iona & Have you got an umbrella? orn 8 Why areal shove people here? What 7 ” Use the words in brackets to complete the questions. 1 satin wertng this week?" °No, he's on holiday" (Coliniwork) 2 Why vo a me ike that? What's the matter? (youlook) 5 jenny isa seme ae univers.” Tssher Wise > ishcnalyy tthe radho oy can I tu tof fanyodyiacen) ere? (vg) 5 How is ye English? ut the verb to the correct forms, Sometones you nd the negative (Vm not doing et.) 1 tired. mena. (go) 0 bed now. Goodright! ‘Weean go cut now. i foreseen any mote. 3 How is your new job” "Not so good atthe moment very ach” 4 Catherine phoned me last nice. She's on holiday in France. She (have) a reat time and doesn’ want to come back 5 want to lose weigh, so tis week | 16 Angela has just started evening clases She 7 A ehink Boul aid Aun have lad an argon. Thy other. (orion ie (eat lunch. (learn German (speak) to ach Read this conversation between Brian and Sarah. Put the verbs into the correct form. sanave Brian How rice to see yout What (youlde) these days? ARAN: 10) (tran) wo hea supermarket manager sora: Really? What's lke? - (youteuoy) a aus eal right, What about you? ‘hea Mall serally Ta recor) atthe moment. 1 (ey) to find a job hur e's not easy. Bt Pin very busy I (decorate) my fa. mux: - ‘satan: No, some frends of mine (youd atone? (belp) me, Complete the sentences using one ofthese verlst get change ese fall inereae You don’t bave tous all the ves and you can use a verb more than once. 1 The population of the world. isha, very fase. 2 Ken ssi ll but he beter slowly 3 The world “Thangs ever stay the seme 4 The emt of ining, Eveay yea! thing ae ove expensive '§ The economic stution won,2. Present simnle (I da) A study this example situations ‘Alex a bs driver, but now hein hed asleep. So Hees nor cevng 2 bus. (He is step.) lng He denen Lu (He ns Lu dive) Drivesyworkisydotes) eu is he presen simple: [Tineivoulthey — drivelworkido =] Teksene B We se dhe present simple total shout things in general. Weare not thinking only about now. We yer ieraeay that eamething happen all he ime or rpestedly, thar something ier in| several. It isnot important whether the action is happening at the time of speaking: [Nurses look after patients in hospitals ‘© Tustally go away at weekends, 1 The earth goes round thes Remember that we sy: he/deft-s. Done forget the s 18 Toworke fut He wore They tearh nt My deer teaches For spel 8 or eh see Appendix 6 1B We use doldoes to make questions and negative sentences: T To] [Gacvouthey laon | 60 | trweyouthey | “OK? | | wetvouthey | don'e | MOK es | sees |G? | oso doc | ‘© come rom Canada. Whete do you come fom? © Would oulike a cigatete? "No thanks don't amelie? €¢ Wha does this word aean? (rot “What means this word?) 1 Rice doesn't grow in cold climates In the following examples do is also the main verbs “what do you do? (= What's your ob?) —"T work ma. (6 Hesse lazy: He doesn aching 10 Leni. (mo He Wes’ ay hing) Wee the prensa when we ey hr fon we do hinge at up a 8 odock every moening (x0 Tm nti How often do you go tothe dent ot How often are you ging?) An des rink ts very often. since Jn usually plays tennis once or ewie 2 week. Et promise apgie Sometimes we do things by saying something. For example. wen you promise to do something. you can say T promise..; when you suggest something, you can say" sugges... We use the present sirple(promiselsuggest et.) in sentences bike this: "promise 1 won't be ate. (nt 1 Whar do you suggex I do? Inthe same Way we says apologise. advice. Vinee agee. Meese. et. 4 Presertsinple ne pees conics + EIEER) Peete ore tnce> EERE 2a 22 23 24 25 EXERCISES 2 Complete she seraences us one ofthe followin: ‘causc(s)close(s)_ inks) ive(s)openis) spent takes place 1 Ann SPEARS... German very well, 4 Bad eivng a many accidents, 2 Lever cote. 5 My paren mavery 3. The swimming pool onnnnnms—-n at sl le 9 ofceck and SETRAG 6 The Olympic Games everyday. every four yeas. tthe verb int the ears form. jane sheen’. niin ea very ofen 2 Wher time {the banks los) in Bitin? 4 Whee (Marrinfeome) fom?! “He's cotiah * 4 What (vouldo}"‘Tman ckctricl eninge” Ske = (Cake) me an hour o getto work. How leng (nnn ae) YOU? ot {play} me pano bet noupay) very wel 7 1 deni undead thin sentence. Wha “ (ches wordinean}? Use ome of the follwing verbs to complete these sentences, Sometines you need the negative believe eat flow go prom make rise ell ransate 1 Theearth.$oe8. round the sun 7 Aw interpreter from one 2 ice. Ae ae. n an language nto anode 3 The sun von nthe cast, 8 Aha is screen who 4 Repay nnnonnnen ongys dhe th 5 Vegetarians ‘met 9 The Rive Amazon into 6 Anatheit (God. the Atlantic Ocean, Aske Li questions bat beret anal ber fay. 1 You know shar Liz plays tennis, You wane ro know how often. Ask hes Hove often Aa seu play tele? ‘You know tha Li eads a newspaper everyday. You want to know which one. Ask er. 4 You know tat Li's brother works. You want to know what he does. Ask Liz 1 ea nice day. Ligon we go out for a walle 2 Tuvon' ell anybody what yon sx 3 ira restawant) You must let me pay forthe meal 4 for what [said about you. e wasn't ue and I should’t have sad it 5 The new restaurant in Fil Street every good. tunr 3 Present continuous and present simple (1) (Jam doing and | do) A Snidy the explanations and compare the examples: Tresnt conto (ram dow Use the continuous for senting thats happening tor around the time of peaking. The atin i fished ‘resent sonple do) Use the simple for things iw geuetal or eings shat happen repented cog ba doing = ode oon rat Tew Titi | past one 46 The water ie biling. Cas you turnoff? f¢ Tater ra shose peril What language are they speaking? Lets go out. Isnt raining vow. does’ tain very much in sommer © Don't csturd me. Fmbusy.” "Why? | @ What do you usualy do at weekends? Wha are you dag? f= Whar do youdor (2 What's your job) 1 Lakways go to hed before midnight 12 Moar swollen tr stim wher they ate chiles 1 Water oil st 100 degrees cei 1 Fxeuse me, dn ym speak Fnglih? ‘6 Tm going to bed now. Goodbight! 12 Mari icin Britain a the mrment. Shae learning Enlish (2 Tliving with some frends until Lfind a | @ My parents live in London. They have ft. lived there all theives (© You're working hard today’ “Yes te] @ Johns tary. He works very hard most pots lot we do ote time See Unit | for more information. See Unit 2 for mote information. B 1 akvays do and Pm always doine ‘ually we say" ahwave do seething fat every tele 1 Talways goto work by ca. (uot 'm always goin) You can also say 'm always doing something’, bu this has different rearing For example ZTrmatways losing things’ does not mean that 1 ese bingy every times Teens that Tene things often, i more efter than nora wa i N “sre aways meat at yo do smetng Us 1 edten ma ethan he pees tha 1 You're always watching elevsicn. You should do something more active. 1 Jounin sore satin. Hes bays compa 6 Pree cortrus arsine 2} » IR] Precerterees rte tae » ED) aa 32 EXERCISES ‘Are the wderlined vers right or wrong? Correct the vers thit are wrong 1 Water built 100 dares een, Riot 2 The water hai Cap you tore i off WRONG: ling, 3 Leak Thar mom tiesto pen the done of your ea 4 Can you bear those people? Whar do they talk abut? 5 The moon gos round the earth 6 I must go now. gts late — 7 1 swally ute work by eae = 8 “Hurry upline leave? “OK scan” Pt the verb the correc form, present conticus or present simple. 1 Lees go out e.Jettrag, (neha 2 Julia s very goce ar languages. She »vEahe, (speak) four languages very well 3 Hr upt Drereay a ft ya 5: {Woufliste) tothe radio every day?" "No, just occasionally” 6 The River Nile (flo) into che Mediterranean 7 Look atthe vve. “(few very fast telay~ much faster than sual 8 We voually sev) vegetabten ion ate but thn geat we 9 “How is your English?” "Not bad. ft —- fimprove) slowly." 10 Ron sip London atthe moment. He (sty) atthe Park Horel, He (alwaysstzy there when he's in London. 1 Gan we stop walking soon? 1 (start to fee ed, 2 Gat yo dive Tan {icon My ater (cach) me 13 Normally | (Gnish) work a 8.00, bur this week E (ovork) uri 6.00 to ear ahi more money. “live in Bristol. They were bors there and have never 7 (your patenttivey? tiooky fora piace w tive. See (ety) with he er unt she Finds eomem ere 16 "Whar (your fatherla)? He's an aecitect but he (network) at the memes. (erioy) paris bur 14 My parents lived anywhere ele, Where 17 (ba party) Uaally motes) this ve very much 19 finn is very untidy. Heo {aiwaywieave) 00 one (alwaylleaye) his things all ver the place Finish B's sentences, Use lays ing (ee Section B). 1 As Tm afraid Pe lost my key agai. 1 Nec again! Yue ainays losing your key. he car nas broken devin aga. That carn ucle! Te 3A: Lookd You've made he same mibtae again, te Ohi, net aint 1 4 a6 Oh, Pe lef the ihts on agai 1 Typical! You a4 Present continuous and present simple (2) (1am doing and I do) {We ner coninnenernere only fr actions and happenings (hey are eating it eining et) Some verbs (for example, know and ike) are not action verbs. You cannot say am knowing” ot ‘che are liking you ean onkysay‘Tkaow’, they ike. ‘The following verbs are not normally used in continuous tenses ee Mate ren teu ftir ome consist_“deoend seer ‘want something to cat. (wot Pen wand?) Do you understand what [mean? 1 Ann doesnt seem very happy atthe moment ‘When thick means ‘believe’, do no use the continuous: "¢ Whar do you think {= believe} will happen? (not what are you thinking) ‘bur # You look serious. What are you thinking abou? (= Whats going on i Your mind?) °F thinking of ging up my job. (= am considering) ‘When have means ‘posses’ te, do no use the continuous {see Unit 17} We've eujoying ou hla. We aye ane ena i te tl twee avin ur # We're enjoying our holiday. Were having a great time See hear smell tase ‘We normally use the present simple (not continuous) with these verbs: 1 Do you see that man over there? (ol ate you wig) f Thin ean ane, Le peu a wale. We often une can + ecofhcarfemalltate intent Can you hear something? Bur you ca use the continuous with ee ('m sein) when the meaning is hav with (especially inthe furure~ see Unit 194) Tim scetng the manager tomorrow morsing, a meeting ‘The preen contnnene of he ic Lar being he i ing! yon ate eing et im being = Tm behaving Tm acting’ Compare: ‘I can't understand why e's being so selfish He snc usually ke that, (being selfish = behaving slishly a the moment) dour He never ticks about other people. Hei very selfish (nor “he is being) {We use aminvare Beng to say how womebeny fe behaving Ie: nor tally possible in rhe ‘© Kes hor today, (nor it is being hor’) 1 Sarah is very tired, (not is being tired’) 1 Youtook wel soda. or You'relooking wall oday. $ How do you fel pow? or How are you feline now? fut © Lusually feel red i che morning (ot Tm usually feline’) Prcetconrsardsinge()~ OEY ve + ESI, Pset ses te nave + EEE as EXERCISES “Ave the denned ver right or wrong Correct te anes tht one wrong 1 Tmsteing the manager tomorrow moming. 2 Pushing Inge De there aging eal? 3. Ae you living in God? 4 ‘This sauce is great I's easing really good 5 ovshinking this is your key. Ar ight? RIGHT, Lek ut te pistines Use the wns in Drache ts tke sentences, (Yoo abel st nie 3 before yew do this exercise.) sts enamel <> [O08 Spe aT "a)| [enter nO) AK [3] water of e CAD 1 (Can you ting me ie ere aun ) " t i have dower) i Intl an our? atthe vers int the correct fornn, present continuous or present simple. 1 Are you hungry?.Royouwant.. something ro ea? (you) 2 Jil eared in poi ase 3 Don'e put the dationacy 5 Whois thar man? What 6 Who isthat man? Why ~ 7. George says he's 80 years od but nobody ' She told me her wame but! ityery often nocise) 1 Tused to drink a lot of coffe but these days 1 ‘mainly ofitrogen and oxygen consis) BD Aion 1 poles party. (neuen (ue) 2 (helwant) at us? thelook) him. (believe) ve now. (nogemembe) ‘Woulk! you be crest i yg i rea. (prefer) Complete the ventenes sing the most etal for of he Sonsetioes you net we the ple (amfslace\ and sometines de continous is more suitable amilae bene 1 an't understand why 2 Jack 3 You! ike Till when you mee her. She 44 Normally you are very sensible 0 why ——— 5 Why ont Sarah at work today? hein. so sll ‘ery vice in meat the moment. Twonder hy. fax ucually ke thet So silly about this mare? aePast simple (1 did) Study this example Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was an Austrian musician and composer. He hve rom 1/36 {1791 Heated venpening ae de age of Five and wrote more than 600 pieces of music, He enc only 88 year old when be dod ivesrartndhnroterashied ae al post simple ‘Very oft dhe pe simple in el (rear ver '¢ Tork ina avel agency pow. Before that I worked ina shop. 12rd them ra sue pany bt they decided no 1 come 1 The police stopped me cn my way home lastnight { She pased her examination because she studied very hard For spelling (stopped studied ete), see Appendix 6. Bur many vers are fraudar. The ‘wtite > wrote Sven Fora list of iergulae verbs se Append st simple does not end in -e, For example: ‘Mozare wrote mee than 600 pieces of mus 1 We saw Rose in town a few days ag. ‘nc ec ne Tat woth In questions and negatives we use didi’ + infinitive (enjoylseeigo et} [1 eave] she | Saw they | went © Did you go out las sieht? ‘When did Mr-Thomas die?” "About ten ye [Re careful when doe the main vet inthe sentences © [didnt do anything. (not dd’ anything’) ~ Le past of be (amnsare)s waswere: Vlsbeft_sastaso'e [eelyouit Ueshest? hey wereweren't| [were wolyouthey? Yes, went wo the cinema but det enjo'the fil much. ago. They dt vite ner to te party, 80 she de go. 1 “Did you bane time so write dhe leis?” Noy da’? Note that we do not use did in negatives and questions with wadwere: was angry because they were late © Was he weather good when you were on holiday? 1 They were able ro come because they were 20 busy. 1 Did you go out lst night or were you too red? Pas singe apt corinne > HEED Pasting nt eset sect ~ CREED (Whar did you do tthe weekend? (not what did vou ar the weekend’ a EXERCISES 5 Read what Shavon says bout atypical working day. Tully up a7 olesk apd hae abi breakfo. walk vo work, ‘whch eles me sour bal an bor Ita werk ar 8" Ter hve Tees tis week ac 3 fad Pon afnays eed wt ee ome ‘lly ck» meal nthe evnine dent sual yo out Toto hed Stabout I ottack Falwaye seep wel Yesterday was atypical working day for Sharon. Write what she did or didn't do yesterday. 1. She getup at 7 eee, 7 . at Solcock. 2 She big beaklast. ‘aed when ome 3 she . 5 hel yetetday evening ate togecowok 10 . 5 arkas 11 6 eee neh, 2 wel os ig, buy catch cost drink fall hurt sel spend wach throw win rite 1 Mozart..wrote_ more than 600 pieces of music 2 “tlw dd you fat wo ive? My father wt 3 Weconldt ford to keg xe sa we « 4 Loa ver this the water very auickly 5 Paul and played ton yxerday. es mac beer than re, se easly § Dos dwn the sats this morsing and iste © im the tll 0 ue, who it Aw att une yesterday Se sce wich ioe! A fiend sus come back from Hoidey. You ask bin about i Write your questions 1 (herego?) Where ayo aot 6 thowkravel) 2 tgostone?) 7 (theweather ine’) 3 tlvalad?) 5 (stay ats hore?) 9 meet anybody ieresting?) Complete the zentencen Pat the sorb into the ect form, positive or nes. 2 The film wen very gonad | dt ley it very much (enioy) 3-H new Seah was very busy, sol ber (scar) 4 vas very tired, so to bed early. (go) 5 The bed was very uncomfortable. ery well. (sleep) Sue ass Margy, so she anything. (et) Ble ears fanny situation bur nobody (lash) 9 The windows was open and bird into the room. (fy 10 The hotel wasn't very expEOSVE Feeney nen VERY MUCh, (CO 11 vas in a hurry, so ime te phone you have) 1 twas hard work caryng the Bags Uy very heavy be) "