ANSUASHRAE Standard 62-2001 (lncluding ANSVASHRAE Addenda listed in Appendix 1) Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality ‘See Appendix H for approval dates by the ASHRAE Board of Directors and the American National Standards Instl- tuto. This standards under continuous maintonanca by aStand- ing Standard Project Committee (SSPC) for which the Stan- dards Committee has established a documented program ‘for regular publication of addenda or revisions, including procedures for timely, documented, consensus action on requests for change to any part of the standard. The change submittal form, instructions, and deadlines are siven atthe back of this document and may be obtained in electronic form from ASHRAE’s Intomet Home Pago, http: ‘Aurwuashrae.org, oF in paper form from the Manager of Standards. The latest edition of an ASHRAE Standard may bo purchased from ASHRAE Customor Service, 1794 Tutllo Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329-2305, E-mail: orders@ashrae.org. Fax: 404-321-5478, Telephone: 404- 636-8400 (worldwide), or toll free 1-800-527-4723 (For or- dors in U.S. and Canada). ©Copyright 2001 American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. ISSN 1041-2336 AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGINEERS, ING. 1791 Tollie Cirsie, NE - Atlanta, GA 30329ASHRAE Standing Standard Project Committee Cognizant TC: TC 4.3, Ventilation Requirements and Infiltration SPLS Liaison: Frederick H, Kohloss. Andrew K. Persily, Chait David S. Butler, Vice-Chairt Michaet Beaton Hoy R. Bohanon, Jr. James D. Bowman Dale J. Cagwin James L. Coggins P. Ole Fanger Francis J. Fisher, Jt Francis Michael Gallo* David 8. Godwin Wiliam J. Groah* Jack L. Halliwell Scott D. Hanson li P. Howard, lt Ralph T. Joecke! Donald @ Koch" Hal Levin® Carl A. Marbory* Michael F. Mamayok Bernice A. Mattson John K, MeFarland” Richard A. Moris ‘Christopher 0. Muller Guillermo A’ Navas Francis J. Offerman, Ii Bjame W. Olesen John E: Osborn . Dean Rasmussen’ Walter L. Raynaud Robert §, Rushing Lawrence J. Schoen Max H. Sherman Dennis A. Sianke Daniel D. Thayer" Wayne Thomann* John A. Ttlany James A, Tshudy Dilip ¥. Vyavaharkar* David R. Warden Michael W. Woodtord* “Denotes members of voting status when the document wes approved for publication ASHRAE STANDARDS COMMITTEE 1999-2000 Arthur E. Melvor, Chair Martha J. Hewett, Vico-Chair Dean 8. Borges Waller 8. Clements Piotr A. Domanski Richard A. Evans Mark C. Hegberg John F. Hogan David E. Knebo! Frederick H. Kohloss Witiam J. Landman Neil P. Leslie Rodney H. Lewis Claire B. Ramspeck, Manager of Standards Nance ©. Loworn ‘Amanda K. Meitz Davor Novosel Joseph A. Pietsch James A, Ranfone Tenty E. Townsend James K. Vallort ‘Thomas E. Watson Bruce A. Wilcox J. Richard Wright ‘Samuel D. Cummings, J, BOD ExO Raymond E. Patenaude, CO ASHRAE STANDARDS COMMITTEE 2000-2001 Martha J. Hewett, Chair Nance C. Lowomn, Vice-Chait Van D. Baxter Dean S. Borges Waller S. Clements Piotr A. Domanski Richard A. Evane John F. Hogan Ronald E. Jarnagin David E. Knebel Frederick H. Kohloss Wiliam J. Landman Claire B. Ramspeck, Managor of Standards Rodney H. Lewis Ross D. Montgomery Davor Novosel Joseph A. Pietsch Jamas A. Ranfone Michael Tavares ‘Steve A. Taylor James K. Vallort ‘Thomas E. Watson Bruce A. Wilcox J Richard Wright Gerald C. Groff, CO Wiliam J. Buck, BOD ExO‘SPECIAL NOTE, “This American National Standard (ANS) i a national voluntary consensus standard developed under the auspices ofthe American ‘Society of Heating, Retigereting and lr-Conditoning Engineers (ASHRAE). Consensusis defined by the American National Sandards Insitute (ANS), of which ASHRAE isa momber and which has approved this standard as an ANS, a8 ‘substartial agreement reached by directly and matorialy affected intrest catogories. This signs the concurrence of more than a simple majorty, butnot necessariy unanimity, Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that an effort be made toward thelr resolution.” ‘Compliance wih this standard is vountary until and unless a legal jurisciction makes compliance mandatory through legislation, ‘ASHRAE cbtalns consensus trough partcpation of fis national and International members, associated societies, and public review, ‘ASHRAE Standards are prepared by a Project Committee appointed specifealy forthe purpose of writing the Standard. The Project Committse Chair and Vice-Cair must be members of ASHRAE; while otter commitiee members may or may not be ASHRAE ‘members all must be technically qualified in the subject area ofthe Standard. Every efforts mad to balance the concemed interests ‘0 all Project Commitees. “The Manager of Standards of ASHRAE should le contacted fo: «2. Interpretation ofthe contents ofthis Standard, '. participation in the next review ofthe Standard, «.ofering constructive ercism for improving the Standard, <. permission to reprint portions ofthe Standard. DISCLAIMER ASHRAE uses ils best efforts to promulgate Standards and Guidlines for the benatt of the publc in ight of avalabla Information and accepted industry practices. However, ASHRAE does not guarantee, certly, or assure tho safety or performance of any products, componerts, or systems testod, Installed, or operated in aocordance with ASHRAE’s Standards ‘Guidelines or that any tests corducted under ts Standards or Guidelines willbe nonhazardous or free from isk. "ASHRAE INDUSTRIAL ADVERTISING POLICY ON STANDARDS [ASHRAE Standards and Guidelines are established to assist industry and the public by offering auniformmethod ‘of testing for rating purposes, by suggesting safe practices in designing and installing equlpment, by providing proper definitions of this equipment, and by providing other information that may sorve to guide the Industry. The creation of ASHRAE Standards and Guidelines is determined by the need for them, and conformance to thom is completoty voluntary. In referring to this Standard of Guldeline and In marking of equipment and In advertising, no clalm shall be ther stated or implied, that the product has been approved by ASHRAE. mack ‘When addenda or interpretations to this standard have been approved, they can be downloaded froo of charge trom the ASHRAE Home Page at wirwashrae.org/STANDARDS/addenda.htm or wwrwashrae.org/STANDARDS/intpstd.htm. © Copyright 2001 American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, inc. 1794 Tullie Circle NE Atlanta, GA 30329 www.ashrae.org All rights reserved.CONTENTS ANSV/ASHRAE Standard 62-2001, Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality ‘SECTION 3 Definitions. 4 Classification wn 5 Systems and Equipment. 6 Procedures wen 7 Construction and System Start-Up... 8 Operations and Maintenance 9 References... Appendix A: Conversion FactOtS war Appendix B: “Guidance for the Establishment of Air Quality Criteria for the Indoor Environment Appendix C: Rationale for Minimum Physiological Requirements for Respiation Air Based on COp Concentration wan oa 125 ‘Appendix D: Procedure for Use of Cleaned Recirculated Ail Appendix €: Ventilation Effectiveness .. Appendix F: Rationale for Lag or Lead Time for Transient Occupancy... Appendix G: Rationale for Reducing Outdoor Air When Loads on a Multi-Zone System Are Unequal.. Appendix H: Addenda Description Information .....(This foreword is not part of this standard but is included. for information purposes only.) FOREWORD ‘This release of ASHRAE Standard 62 incorporates the seven addenda approved since the publication of ASHRAE Standard 62-1999 (eee Reference i), making a total of eleven addenda approved since the standard was converted to contin- ‘uous maintenance in 1997. More specific information on the content of each addendum is included in an informative appendix at the end of this standard. Furare addenda will be added to the standard as they ate approved, in accordance with ASHRAE procedures for standards operating under continu- ous maintenance. ASHRAB' first ventilation standard, ASHRAE Standard (62-73, “Standard for Natural and Mechanical Ventilation” (Gee Reference ii), defined “ventilation requizements for spaces intended for human occupancy and specified minimum and recommended ventilation air quantities for the preserva- tion of the occupant’s health, safety, and well-being.” The standard provided a prescriptive approach to ventilation by specifying both minimum and recommended outdoor sir flow rates to obtain acceptable indoor air quality for a variety of indoor spaces. Under the normal periodic review cycle, ASHRAE published the revised Standard 62-1981, “Ventla- tion for Acceptable Indoor Ait Quality” (see Reference ii). ‘The 1981 standard introduced the alternative sirquality proce- dure to permit innovative, energy conserving ventilation prac- tices. This altemative procedure allowed the use of any amount of outdoor air deemed necessary ifthe designer could show that the levels of indoor air contaminants were held below recommended limits. ASHRAE Standard 62-1989 retained the two procedures for ventilation design, the Venti lation Rate Procedure and the Air Quality Procedure (see reference iv). The purpose of the standard was again to specify ‘minimum ventilation rates and indoor air quality that will be acceptable to human occupants and are intended to minimize the potential for adverse health effects. A committee was formed in 1991 to revise the 1989 version of the standard. In 1997, the revision process was, converted to continuous maintenance, wherein the standard is revised through stand-alone changes or addenda that are reviewed and approved separstely. Four such addenda were incorporated into the standard when it was republished as ASHRAE Standard 62-1999. Since that time, seven more addenda have been approved and this version of ASHRAE, ‘Standard 62 incorporates those changes. Addendum 62j replaces the performance requirement for natural ventilation systems with a prescriptive requirement that is similar to the requirements in many model building codes. The previous requirements were difficult for designers to understand and use, and they were difficult to enforce. However, altematives to the prescriptive approach are allowed. Previous versions of the fereword of ASHRAE Standard 62 noted the importance of building operation, in addition to design, to achieving acceptable indoor air quality. Addendum 621 adds a new section to the standard on construction and ventilation system start-up, recognizing that acceptable indoor air quality is impacted by more than just the design of the HVAC system, Addendum 62m creates a new section on oper- ation and maintenance procedures, recognizing the impor- tance of operation and maintenance to achieving acceptable indoor air quality. These two addenda constinte a major improvement in the standard by adding specific requirements ‘that will ensure that critical aspects ofthe ventilation system design are implemented inthe building and remain functional throughout the life of the building. Addendum 62p clarifies previous requirements for providing combustion air to vented and unvented appliances and makes itclear that vented appliances must be exhausted to the outdoors. Addendum 62g modifies several definitions for clarity and deletes others that are not used inthe standard or for which dictionary definitions are adequate. Addendum 625 clarifies and updates requirements for equipment-related particle filtration, making reference to the new particle filtration efficiency standard ASHRAE Standard 52.2 1999. These requirements are intended to lower the level of particulate matter in the ventilation systom where wet surfaces ae present, thereby reducing the rate of ditt accurau- lation on ventilation system components, including ductwork. ‘Addendum 62w defines performance criteria for air stream surface materials in ventilation system equipment and ducts, Conformance to these criteria is intended to reduce the poten- tial for microbial growth and dissemination through the air , 6.13.1 Multiple Spaces. Where more than one space is served by a common supply system, the ratio of outdoor to supply air required to satisfy the ventilation and thermal con- twol requirements may differ from space to space. The system courdoor air quantity shall then be determined using Equation 6-1 (see References 23 and 24). YeXifl+X-Z] ©) where Yo Vol Vg = corrected fraction of outdoor air in system supaly X= VoqlVq = uncorrected fraction of outdoor airin system supply Zs VodVse = fraction of outdoor air in critical space. The critical space is that space with the greatestTABLE 2 OUTDOOR AIR REQUIREMENTS FOR VENTILATION” 2.1 COMMERCIAL FACILITIES (offices, stores, shops, hotels, sports facilites) nea Ost Rese : CEES eC ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee cae two! ai Ee aoa al orion? pean _peron Dry Cleaners, Laundries: ‘Dry cleaning processes may rogue More aE Seamer eee ame eeeeeeePemeeeeeeene errr Conner dy Se 2 38 Se 3 oe Cinspase ni 2 et Coin de 2 oe ada cage Sr aa B 3 Cai ad i a Sus col og 10 oe gone salem en ty eee Ties God B 7 Tika a ra TIS : ter ng Tum f oor Shan om ore epi ql fom Sfmt yrs sal esto oe ‘an exhaust rate of not less than 1.5 efmm/ft? (75 Use), ‘Garages, Repair, Service Stations fe dpi a EEEeoeSe- ote a eee Sa beer ee eee Agetteane ts al he cg inereae ypu pone cnc srs vt Commi sos fn edison ea, ‘Hotels, Motels, Resorts, ana i Damion ctr. Usrom Inne nm i Beason os eg 38 Baie Se iy eatin ios 3% Be Coleco 3 3 pe ia Se Soe 2 : Tats hola eT hung beter nen sh pe aE Sagay otakeseTentmen coe 2 Se a Tay ETT cis » 0 Public Spaces mit ism Coie i” oe os Pal estons se Foal a wi was ore os anna Ter ond Sg aE OT Saat bn 7% as Neal apgtedty waa ——— Local mechanical exaust with no reieal- ton recommended Bemis [00 50 Nomnaly supplied by ancora ‘Tube 2 psec sppy aes a cepa wor reed Tor acai ndoor aqui There auc have bees cose oda human iets nd ie cona> [nants on deg margin of sey ant aoa for eh vraag poopie und aed sti ev s Receccopae spe 8 ANSUASHRAR STANDARD 62-2001‘TABLE ; ‘OUTDOOR AIR REQUIREMENTS FOR VENTILATION (Continued) 2.1 COMMERCIAL FACILITIES (offices, stores, shops, hotels, sports facilities) feet (Outdoor Air Requirements i many ) ‘apeleation Prot cial Us Cooments fmt? Liem? oF 100m? person person "Ret Sora, Ste Poors and Show Room Floors Beseent and est” 30 ois Upper os Fy 020190 ‘Stomgo eons 15 cis 075 ~— Dresing roms 020100 Malad rade” B 030100 ‘Shipping nd wcsing 7 10 ais —o7s Twice 5 0s 025 : ‘Normally sapped by wanster ar, eal mechan exe ean ih no eco Song lounge 0 o 0 Jaton recommended. Spell Shops = Buber B ise Beauy Sas 25 = 20 isnt = Tsui "enon opin a GRY ici requreens. = ss t 1s oso Spor tnd Amusement ‘Spector areas Wi cron eg ne ‘Gane roms 2 25 pred fr tenses of paying secs, 7 ‘Ice arenas (playing areas) 050, Z5p increased ventilation rates may be required. “Swing gol poof anddeckaay 0502 gh vs my eed er tidy cone Paying Roo gymnast) 3» 0 — Bulhoons en dseos 100 25s “BowtingaleysGeaingaree) Theaters Spell vation wibe mended > Tikerbools ae ‘eliminn special sage eects (ee. dry ice vapoes, mits, 2c) “Wenaon win ana Tay RE ‘Wali oom 100 8 z special considerations. Prater 00 15 s Vehicles 130 15 3 Werkroome Mea processing 0 is a ‘Spaces manana atTow CIOF tos SOR or-23°Cto + 10°C) ar ot covered by thete requirements ales the ccupancy is coatinous. Vetlion fom adjoining sce is pemissibe. Whea he cecopancy is intermitent,nitetion will ‘nonmally exced the venation requcement. (See Referece 17). oH "Tilers apy mes of eye ocr ir reurl for sep door a Gua, These vals have bra chosen de hun bosoms ole cota [SESE sep goth an cet rb elses ec aes ye epabiespece ANSUASHRAE STANDARD 62-2001 °TABLE 2 OUTDOOR AIR REQUIREMENTS FOR VENTILATION’ (Continued) 2.1 COMMERCIAL FACILITIES (offlees, stores, shops, hotels, sports facilites) ERT Osanr a ent eer Pri000 tia Ts amin? Lism? oo or 100m? person person Photo stu 10 a5, 8 et betes i st i rm = — Bena 3 Si a ; 5 ET 2 Senet go ta cman (ieee TERSTTOTONAL ACTOS ‘i came % os : _Laborsuories 30 Tee St tH 7 ‘Sporal contaminant control systems may be “eng 500 0 arta vas se ‘Seg a Ci prea ree ee Pose ese oa Caro ata eo @ = ee t as TaN ‘acto cathe (Siohimmaonda Tei end Sialacatos posaes w =a aga SERIE Teas I — csi ran Setolzesie 2 os ka fey Pes Sessa 2 2s eos cmc ache ee 92 ne aaa Poa z zs Caen ar % — Dag i _— casa a — ‘Tle pesos wy ates af capR oder irae fe asap atari quali Tuas alr bees vents dias Panan Waitara ob [ao wibanadeune arin fey st acon fr heal ans eng epi nd vred acy eve ot Ratoni space, required fraction of outdoor arin the supply to this space. Vig = corrected total outdoor airflow rate Vg = total supply flow rate, ie, the sum ofall supply for all branches of the system Vag = sum of outdoor airflow rates forall branches on system Vag = outdoor airflow rate required in critical spaces Vse = supply flow rate in critical space Equation 6-1 is potted in Figure 3. The procedure is as follon ‘Calculate the uncorrected outdoor air fraction by dividing the sum of all the branch outdoor air requirements by the sum of all the branch supply flow rates, 2. Calculate te critical space outdoor air ration by the critical space outdoor air requirement by the critical, space supply flow rate, 3. Evaluate Equation 6-1 or use Figure 3 to find the corrected fraction of outdoor acto be provided in the system supply. Rooms provided with exhaust air systems, sch as kitche ans, baths, toilet rooms, and smoking lounges, may utilize air supplied through adjacent habitable or occupiable spaces to compensate for the air exhausted, The air supplied shall be of sufficient quantity to meet the requirements of ‘Table 2. In some cases, the numberof persons cannot be estimated acca rately or varies considerably. In other cases, a space may require ventilation to remove contamination generated within the space but unrelated to human occupancy (eg, outgassing from building materials orfurnishings), For these cases, Table 2 lists quantities in invA? (L/s-m?) or an equivalent term. If fnuman carcinogens or other harmful contaminants are ANSUASHRAE STANDARD 62.2001TABLE 2 OUTDOOR AIR REQUIREMENTS FOR VENTILATION (Continued) 23° RESIDENTIAL FACILITIES (private dwellings, single, multiple) ‘Applications Outdoor Requirements Comments Living arse 135 air changes per howe but not er calculating tho sr changes per our, th volume of the ving spaces shall Jess tha 15 efi (7.51) pe person Include all aess within the condoned spac. Te ventlaton fs normally sass- ‘ed by ifitrain end vaturalvedlaion, Dvelings with ght enlosues may rege supplemental ventilation supply for fue-buming appliances, ising fireplaces and mechsscally edhausted epplancos, Occupant loading shal be bused onthe number of brooms as fellows fret bedroom, evo ptsons cach sonal bedroom, one person. Where higher occupant loadings axe known, ‘hey shal be used Richens 100 etn GOL) icra or 25 cfm (HDTUA) — Isulod mechanical exhaust copacity® Cimatc conditions may allow cles continous or operable windows ofthe venilaon ysem. Bais, Tee? 30 cm 0519 ftermitent o 20m (TOUR) Insalled mechanical exhaust egal continous or epnabie windows Garages Separate foreach 100 cfm (018) pe car ‘Normally atte by ifilration dr atral venation i s 5| 1 oT os 10 50 ouRS REQUIRED LEAD TIME Figure5 Minimum ventilation time required before occupaney of space. basis of average occupancy for buildings for the duration of ‘operation of the system, provided the average occupancy used is not less than one-half the maximum. Caution should be exercised for spaces that are allewed to lag and may be affected, due to pressure differences, by contaminants enter- ing from adjacent spaces, such as parking garages, restau rants, etc. 62. Indoor Air Quality Procedure: This procedure pro- ‘vides an altemative performance method to the Ventilation Rate Procedure for achieving acceptable ar quality. The Ven- tilation Rate Procedure described in 6.1 is deemed to provide acceptable indoor sir quality, ipso facto. Nevertheless, that procedure, through prescription of required ventilation rates, ‘provides only an indirect solution tothe control of indoor con- taminants. The Indoor Air Quality Procedure provides adirect, solution by restricting the concentration ofall known contasn- inants of concem to some specified acceptable levels, Itincor- porates both quantitative and subjective evaluation. ANSUASHRAB STANDARD 62-2001 62.1 Quantitative Evaluation. Table 1 furnishes infor- ‘mation on acceptable contaminant levels in outdoor air. This table also applies indoors for the same exposure times. For additional information on contaminants in the outdoor air, see 6.1.1. Table 3 contains limits for four other indoor contarni- nants. Three of these are limits set by other bodies asindicated in he table, The limit for CO, was selected based on the ratio- nale outlined in Appendix C. Other potential contaminants for which definite limits have not been set are discussed in Appendix B. Tables B-1 and B-3 do not include all known contaminants that may be of concern, and these concentration Timits may not, ipso facto, ensure acceptable indoor air quality with respect to other contaminants, Human occupants produce carbon dioxide, water vapor, ‘and contaminants including particulate matter, biological aerosols, and volatile organic compounds. Where only dilu- tion ventilation is used to control indoor air quality, an indoor to outdoor differential concentration not greater than about 700 ppm of CO» indicates comfort (odor) criteria related to B‘TABLE3 GUIDELINES FOR SELECTED AIR CONTAMINANTS OF INDOOR ORIGIN Contaminant ‘Concentration pm Bsposure Time Comments Vioman bbefieate See foonatew Continous ‘See Appendix ‘CHa Spot 0.0003 Contionoes Reference 26 Ozone oO nasa (005 Censinaoes Reference 27 Radon gas 4pCuL 29,32)” Arsaual Average Fresising houses that exceed 4 pC. see Reference 28 T Ses Sibeaston 62 ad Append for ete of CO, wan nda antes. "ic EA esonmession apes pect reset ans oc, ASHRAE ao econsm-dsis usa dele fr eh balingoccpeies il pec ‘peoniendaone force Osan ae bls wpe tory. ‘human bioeffluents are likely to be satisfied, Using CO. as an indicator of bioeffluents does not eliminate the need for consideration of other contaminants. In recent years, a number of indoor contaminants have received increased attention’ and emphasis. Some of these contaminants, such as formaldetyde or other vapor phase organic compounds, are generated by the building, its contents, and its site. Another important group of contami- nants is produced by unvented indoor combustion. The'pres- ence and use of consumer and bobby products, as well as cleaning and maintenance products, introduce a range of largely episodic releases of contaninants to the indoor envi- ronment (see Reference 29), ‘There are also complex mixtures, such as environmental tobacco smoke (see Reference 30), infectious and allergenic biologic aerosols, emanations from human bodies, and ‘emanations from food preparation. Precise quantitative treat- rment of these contaminants can be difficult. To some degree, adequacy of control must rest upon subjective evaluation. Inthe case of some odorless tiotogic aerosols, subjective evaluation is irelevant. Application of generally acceptable technology, and vigilance regarding adverse influences of reduced ventilation, must therefore suffice. Appendix B contains information on standards and guidelines for selected air contaminants. Uniform govemmental policies regarding limits on exposure to environmen‘al carcinogens have not yet emerged. 62.2. Subjective Evaluation. Various indoor air contarn- inants may give rise to odor that isof unacceptable intensity or character or that irritates the eyes, nose, or throat In the absence of abjective means to assess the acceptability of such contaminants, the judgment of acceptability must necessarily derive from subjective evaluations of impartial observers. One method that may be used for measuring subjective response is described in Appendix B. Caution should be used in any subjective evaluation procedure to avoid unacceptable concentrations of other contaminants, 623 Air Cleaning, Recirculation criteria are defined in 6.1.32 for use with the Ventilation Rate Procedure, Recircu- lation with air-cleaning systems is also an effective means for controlling contaminants when using the Indoor Air Quality Procedure. The allowable contaminant concentration in the ‘occupied zone can be used withthe various system models in Appendix E to compute the required outdoor air flow rate. ‘The air-cleaning system efficiency for the troublesome con- taminants present, both geseous and particulate, may be ade- quate to satisfy the Indoor Air Quality criteria of 6.2.1 and 62.2, However, contaminants that are not appreciably reduced by the aircleaning system may be the controlling factor in design and prohibit the reduction of air below that set by the Ventilation Rate Procedure. 63 Design Documentation Procedures. Design criteria and assumptions shall be documented and should be made available for operation of the system within a reasonable time after installation, See Sections 4 and 6 as well as 5.2 and 6.1.3 regarding assumptions that should be detailed in the docu- ‘mentation. 7, CONSTRUCTION AND SYSTEM START-UP 7.1 Construction Phase 71d Application. The requirements ofthis section apply to ventilation systems and the spaces they serve in new build- ings and additions to or alterations in existing buildings. 7.12 Filters, Systems designed with particle filters shall not be operated without filters in place. 7A3_ Protection of Materials. When recommended by. the manufacturer, building materials shall be protected from rain and other sources of moisture by appropriate in-transit ‘and on-site procedures. Porous materials with visible micro- bial growth shall not be installed. Nonporous materials with Visible microbial growth shall be decontaminated. 7.14 Protection of Occupied Arcas 7.14.1 Application, The requirements of Section 7.1.4 apply when construction requires a building permit and entails sanding, cuting, grinding, or other activities that gen- crate significant amounts of airborne particles or procedures, that generate significent amounts of gaseous contaminants. 7.1.42 Protective Measures. Measures shall be ‘employed to reduce the migration of construction-generated contaminants to occupied areas. Examples of acceptable mea sures include, but are not limited to, sealing the construction area using temporary walls or plastic sheathing, exhausting the construction area, and/or pressurizing contiguous occu- pied areas. 72. System Start-Up 7.21 Application. The requirements ofthis section apply to the following ventilation systems: (@) newly installed sir-handling systems; (©) existing air-handling systems undergoing supply ait for outdoor air flow reduetion—only the require- rents of 7.2.2 shall apply to these altered systems; or (© existing airhandling distribution systems undergo- ANSVASHRAE STANDARD 62-2001ing alterations affecting more than 25% of the uur ‘area served by the systems—only the requireiienis of 7.2.2 shall apply to these altered systems 7.22, Air Balancing. Ventilation systems shall be bal- anced in accordance with ASHRAE Standard 111, SMACNA's HVAC Systems—Testing, Adjusting and Balanc- ing, 2nd edition, or equivalent at least tothe extent necessary to verify conformance with the total outdoor air flow and space supply airflow requirements of this standard. 723. Testing of Drain Pans. To minimize conditions of ‘water stagnation that may result ia microbial growth, drain pans shall be field tested under normal operating conditions to ensure proper drainage, Exception to 7.2.3: Field testing of drain pans is not required if units with factory-installed drain pans have been certified (attested in writing) by the manufacturer for proper drainage when installed as recommended. A Ventilation System Start-Up. Ventilation sir distri- bution systems shall be clean of dirt and debris. a 725 Testing Damper Controls. Prior to occupancy, ‘each ventilation system shall be tested to ensure that outdoor ait dampers operate properly in accordance with the system design. 7.26 Documentation. The following ventilation system documentation shall be provided tothe building owner or his! hher designee, retained within the building, and made available to the building operating personnel: (@ An operating and maintenance manual describing basic data relating to the operation and maintenance ‘of ventilation systems and equipment as installed. (b) HVAC conttols information consisting of diagrams, schematics, control sequence narratives, and main- tenance and/or calibration information. (© An air balance report documenting the work per- formed for 7.2.2. (@) Construction drawings of record, control drawings, and final design drawings, (©) Design criteria and assumptions. 8. OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE 81 General 8.1.1 Application. The requirements of this section apply to buildings and their ventilation systems and their compo- nents constructed or renovated after the adoption date of this section. 8.1.2 Operations and Maintenance. The ventilation sys- tem shall be operated and maintained at a minimum in accor- rates are in conformance with this standard. ‘Treat wo limit the growth of microbiological contaminants. H Maintain to prevent transport of contaminants from the floor drain to the plenum. J. Keep clear the space provided for routine maintenance and inspection around ventilation equipment. K + Investigate and rectify imagenes mayb cena res insted athe ORM sal jin accordance with the Operations and Maintenance Manual. A sensor failing to meet the accuracy specified in the Opera- tions and Maintenance Manual shall be recalibrated or replaced. 84.18 Outdoor Air Flow Verification. The total quantity of outdoor air to air handlers except for units under 1,000 L/s (2000 cfm) of supply air shall be measured in rinimim oitdoor sir mode once every five years. If mea- sured minimum air flow rates are less than the design min- mum rate (210% balancing tolerance) documented in the Ogerations and Maintenance Manual, they shall be adjusted or modified to bring them to the miriimum design rate or evaluated to determine if the measured rates are in com- pliance with this sendard. 8.4.1.9 Cooling Towers. Cooling tower water systems shall be treated to limit the growth of microbiological contam- 16 inants including legionella sp. in accordance with the Opera- tions and Maintenance Manval or the water treatment program, 84.110 Equipment/Component Accessibility. The space provided for routine maintenance and inspection sround ventilation equipment shall be kept clear. 84.111 Floor Drains, Floor drains located in air ple- ‘hums of rooms that serve as plenums shall be maintained to prevent transport of contaminants from the floor drain to the plenum, 84.2 Microbial Contamination, Visible microbial con- tamination shall be investigated and rectified. 84.3 Water Intrusion, Water intrusion or accumulation in ventilation system components such as ducts, plenums, and sir hanclers shall be investigated and rectified ANSVASHRAE STANDARD 62-20019. REFERENCES 1 ANSUASHRAE Standard 55-1981, Environmental Condi- tions For Human Occupancy. American Society of Heating, Refiigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engi- neers, In., Atlanta, GA, 30329. 1981 2 UL 181, Factory Made Air Ducts and Air Duet Connectors, ‘March 19, 1984, Underwriters! Laboratories, 333 Pfing- ston Ré., Northbrook, IL 60611. 1984, 3 NFPA 90 1985, Standard for the Installation of Air Condi- tioning and Ventilating Systems. National Fite Protec- tion Association, Quincy, MA 02269. NEPA 90B 1984, Standard for the Installation of Warm Air Heating and Air Conditioning Systems. National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, MA 02269. 5 SMACNA 1985 First ed. HVAC Duct Construction Stan- dards —Metal and Flexible. Sheet Metal and Air-Condi- tioning Contractors National Association, Inc., 8224 ‘Old Courthouse Road, ‘Tyson Comers, Vienna, VA. 22180. 6 SMACNA. 1979. Fiberous Glass Duct Construction, Fifth ‘ed. Sheet Metal and Air-Conditioning Contractors ‘National Association Inc., 8224 Old Courthouse Road, ‘Tyson Comers, Vienna, VA 22180. 1979. 7 ACGIH. 1986, Industrial Ventilarion—A Manual of Rec- ‘ommended Practice—1986 ed. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, Committee on Industri! Ventilation, P.O. Box 16153, Lansing, MT 48901. 1986. ® MIL Standard 282 Filter Units, Protective Clothing, Gas- ‘Masks, 1956 with notices 1974 and 1989, U.S. Depart- ment of Defense, Global Engineering Documents, Irvine, CA 92714, °ASHRAE Handbook—1983 Equipment Volume, Chapter 11, ‘Table 1. American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., Adanta, GA 30329. 1983. 10 Sterling, E.M., A. Arundel, TLD. Sterling. 1985. “Criteria for human exposure to humidity in occupied buildings.” ASHRAE Transactions, Vol.91, Part 1B, pp. 611-622. 1 Janssen, LE. and A. Wolff. 1986. “Subjective response to ventilation.” In Managing Indoor Air for Health and Energy Conservation, Proceedings of the ASHRAE Con- Jerence IAQ ‘86. Atlanta: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. 1 Raijhans, GS. 1983. “Indoor air quality and CO, levels.” ‘Occupational Health in Ontario 4:160-167. 13 Berg-Munch, B., Clausen, B.G, and P.O. Fanger. 1984, “Ventilation requirements for the control of body odor in space occupied by women.” In Environment Interna- tional, Nol. 12.(1986), pp. 195-199. ™ Leaderer, B.P. and W. Cain, 1983. “Air quality in build- ings during smoking and non-smoking occupanc ASHRAE Transactions, Vo. 89, Patt 2B, pp. 601-613. 1S Thayer, W.W. 1982, “Tobacco smoke dilution recommen dations for comfortable ventilation.” ASHRAE Transac- tions, Vol. 88, Part 2, pp. 291-306. ~ $11. and B. Khati, 1983. “Indoor air quality in office > Occupational Health in Ontario, 4:103-118. 4s STANDARD 62-2001 17 Hicks, J. 1984. “Tight building syndrome: When work ‘makes you sick.” Occupational Health and Safety Jan. pp. 51-56. 18 National Primary and Secondary Ambient Air Quality ‘Standards, Code of Federal Regulations, Title 40 Part 50 (40 CFR5O), as amended July 1, 1987. U.S. Environ- mental Protection Agency. * Morey, PR., W.G. Jones, J.L. Clere, and W.G Sorenson. 1986, “Studies on sources of airbome microorganisms ‘and on indoor sir quality in 2 large office building.” In ‘Managing Indoor Air for Health and Energy Conserva- tion, Proceedings of the ASHRAE Conference IAQ ‘86, pp. 500-509. Atlanta: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc, 20 NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods, 2nd Ed., April 1977. Publ. No. 77-157, 4 vols. Cincinnati: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. 21 NIOSH Manual Sampling Data Sheets with Suppl., Pubs. ‘Nos. 77-159 and 78-189, March, 1977 and August, 1978, Note: The Clearinghouse for Occupational Safety and Health of NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincin- nati, OH 45226, is willing to fill occasional requests for separate sheets of the information on individual air con- taminants from these publications on request. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH. 1978. ACGIH Threshold Limit Values and Biological Exposure Indices for 1986-87. American Conference of Govern- ‘mental Industrial Hygienists, 6500 Glenway, Bidg. D-7, Cincinnati, OH 45211-4438, 1987. 73 Standards Association of Australia. 1980, Australian Standard ASIO68 Part 2, 1980—Ventilaion Require- ‘ments, Clause 3.5.2, Appendix A&B. Standards Associ- ation of Australia, Standards House, 80 Arthur St, North Sydney, NSW, 2060. 1980. 24 Kowalczewski, JJ. 1973, “Quality of air in air condition- ing.” AIRAH, Feb. Australian Institute of Refrigeration, Air Conditioning and Heating, 25 Janssen, J.E., T. Hill, J.E, Woods, and E.A.B. Maldonado. 1982. “Ventilation for control of indoor air quality: A ‘case study.” Environment International, EI 8 487-496. 26 U.S. National Academy of Sciences Committee on Toxi- cology. An Assessment of Health Risk of Seven Pesti- cides Used in Termite Control (Chlordane in Military Housing), US. National Acedemy of Sciences Commit- tee on Toxicology, August 1982. 27 Maximum Acceptable Level of Ozone. Code of Federal Regulations. Title 21, Part 801.415. Food and Drag, ‘Administration, U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, 1988. 28 Radon Reduction Techniques for Detached Houses, Tech- nical Guidance, Second Ba., Report No. EPA 625/5-87- 019, US. Environmental Protection Agency, Research ‘rangle Park, NC 27711, Rev. January 1988. 2 NAP 1981 Indoor Poltutants. 1981. National Academy Press, Washington, DC. n39 The Consequences of Involuntary Smoking. 1986. U.S. Su ‘geon General, U.S. Dept. of Heath and Human Services, 31 Radon Measurements in Schools, An Interim Report, Report No. EPA 520/1-89-010, U.S. Environmental Pro- tection Agency, Washington, DC 20460, March 1989, 32 ASHRAE. 1999, ASHRAE Standard 52.2, Method of Test- ing General Ventilation Air Cleaning Devices for Removal Efficiency by Particle Size. Atlanta: American Society of Heating, Reftigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, In, This appendix is not part of this standard but is Included for information purposes only. APPENDIX A CONVERSION FACTORS Parts Per Million and Mass Per Unit Volume ‘Measurement of airbome concentration of substances is ‘generally converted to 77°F (25°C) and 29.92 in. Hg (760mm Hg) pressure. Vapors or gases are often expressed as parts per million (ppm) by volume and are also frequently expressed in ‘units of mass per unit volume, commonly in the following milligram per cubic meter (mg/m); ‘microgram per cubic meter (g/m); milligram per cubic foot (mme/tt?); grains per cubic foot (gr/ft?). ‘The ppm values may be converted to mass per unit volume values as follows: ppm x molecular weigh/24,450 = mg/L, ppm x molecular weight/0.02445 = g/m? ppm x molecular weight/24.45 = mg/m? ppm x molecular weight x 28,3/24,450=mgif? ppm x molecular weight x 28.3/64,8/24,450 = gr/ft? Airbome particle count concentrations measured in ‘million particles percubic foot (mppcf) or million particles per cubic metér (= particles per cubic centimeter, cc) ean be converted approximately to mass per unit voluine as follows when density and mass median diameter have not been deter- smined: mppet x 6 (approximately) = mg/m? particles per ce x 210 (approximately) = mg/m? Units for Measuring Radon Progeny Concentrations and Exposures Airbome concentrations of radon progeny, like radon itself, can be specified in picocuries per liter (pCi/L) or equiv- alent units. For radiation protection purposes, it has been. Useful to characterize radon progeny concentrations in terms of the total alpha energy emitted as a result of decay of the short-lived progeny (polonium 218 to polonium 214) to lead 210, a long-lived radionuclide. This “potential alpha energy concentration” (PAEC) is an indicator of potential dose to the lung, which, in turn, may be associated with increased lung 18 cancer incidence on the basis of epidemiological studies (see Reference A-2) and other evidence. ‘The conventional unit for PAEC is the working level (WD), which has a value of 1.3 x 10° MeV/L, the potential alpha enezgy per unit volume that would be associated with sir containing approximately 100 pCiL of each of the short- lived progeny. For an arbitrary mixture with polonium 218 concentration (Ia) lead 214 concentration (Ib), and bismuth 214 concentration (Ic), the PABC is pproximately equal to (0.10 Ia + 0.51 Tb + 0.37 Ic) (WLI100, pCi/L). The associated exposure unit, working level month (WLM), is the exposure that an individual would experience remaining in 1 WL of progeny for 173 hours (an average working month). Ifa volume were to have a constant source of redon and ‘no mechanisms (other than radioactive decay) for removal of radon or its progeny from the enclosed sir, the activity concen trations of each radioauctide (given in pCi/L) would eventu- ally reach a state where all were nurcerically equal. Such a condition (referred to as “equilibrium”) is never achieved in practice because of removal mechanisms such as ventilation and progeny “plateout." Ventitaion both reduces the radon concentration and decreases the ratio of progeny to their parents below one, Plateout, the attachment of progeny to walls and other surfaces, also decreases this ratio, ‘The equilibrium condition of radon and its progeny is conventionally indicated by an “equilibrium factor” (F) thatis the ratio of actual progeny PAEC to the PAEC were ezch offspring to have the same acivity concentration as that ofthe radon actually present. Thus, F = PAEC/(radon concesitration/ 100), where the PAEC is given in WL and the radon concen tration in pCVL. In spaces with low progeny-removal rates, F is close to one. In houses, equilibrium factors have usually been found to lie in the range of 0.2 to 0.8, although factors above and below this range have sometimes been found, ‘Taking 0.5 as atypical equilibrium factor, the annval exposure associated witha constantradon concentration of 1 pCi/L may be calculated as follows: exposure rate for 1 pCi/L = __1WEM_y/87 ose seit soppein)Crae5W) ger) =0.25 WLMiyear Also, 1 pCUL = 37 Bafta? REFERENCES FOR APPENDIX A 41 Conversion Units and Factors Relating to Atmospheric Analysis, Recommended Practice far ASTM-D-1914-68. American Society of Testing and Materials, 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103, 1983, 2 Exposure from the Uranium Series with Emphasis on Radon and its Daughters, NCRPM Report #77. The ‘National Council on Radiation Protection and Measure~ rent, Washington, DC. ANSVASHRAE STANDARD 62-2001This appendix is not part of this standard but is included for information purposes only. APPENDIX B. GUIDANCE FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF AIR QUALITY CRITERIA FOR THE INDOOR ENVIRONMENT ‘The ventilation rates recommended in Table 2 are based on existing practice in indoor environments that contain the specified occupant density and for activities that can normally be expected to take place in such environments. Whenever building materials, cleaning and maintenance materials, oF specialized human activities introduce large quantities of specific contaminants into the building atmosphere there may be occupant complaints and special measures should be considered to alleviate them. Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances inthe Work Environment Adopted by ACGIF is obtainable from the Publications Office, American Conference of Governmental, Industrial Hygienists, 6500 Glenway Avenue, Building D-7, Cincinnati, OH 45211-4438 (see Reference B-1; Reference B.2 is the West German counterpart). This publication provides 8-hour, 15-minute, and instantaneous case limits. It is a source of concentration limits for many chemical substances and physical agents for industrial hygiene use. ka, light of the constantly changing state of knowledge, the document is updated annually, It cautions the usec, “The limits listed in this book are intended for use inthe practice of industrial hygiene as guidelines or recominendations in the control of potential heslth hazards and for no other use.” Industrial health practice temps limit worker exposure to {injurious substances at levels thet do not interfere withthe work. process and do not injure the workers heath, The elimination of all effects, eg., unpleasant smells or mild intitation, is not stiempted. Regulations are based on the results of accumulated experience with worker health and of animal experiments, care fully evaluated by groups of competent experts. Exposure and effects are related todose ofthe injurious substance, Dose includes, both the concentration ofthe substanceand the time during which itis present. Since concentration commonly varies with time, dose is conveniently expressed as atime, weighted average concentr2- tion (TWA), short-term exposure limit(STEL), or threshold iit, value (TLV), Regulations of the U.S. Occupational Safety and realth Administration are TWAS in most cases. Industrial expo- sures are regulated on the basis of a 40-hour work week with, & to 10-hour days. The remainder of the time exposure is, anticipated to be substantially lover for the pollutant of concern, For contaminants where standards or guidelines have. ‘not been established, ithas been customary toassume as first side that a concentration of 1/10 TLV would not produce complaints in a nonindustrial population in residential, office, school, or other similar environments. The 1/10 TLV may not, provide an environment satisfactory to individuals who are, extremely sensitive {0 an irritant, In any event, where stan- dards or guidelines do not exist, expert help should be sought inevaluating what level of such a chemical or combination of, chemicals would be acceptable, ANSVASHRAE STANDARD 82.2001 Guidelines have been established for a number of chem ‘cals and metals that may be found in the outdoor air, as shown in References B-3 through B-9. Most would normally be found only in areas near certain industrial facilities, but some ‘may be found in residential areas. These references are offered as sources of information when the quality of the outdoor air is suspect. ‘Tables B-1 and B-2 present lists of North American stan- dards and guidelines for acceptable concentrations of substances in the indoor and outdoor environment. Table B-3 presents a summary of Canadian exposure guidelines forresi- dential indoor air quality. Table B-4 presents a list of substances evaluated by a working group on indoor air quality research of the World Health Organization, These tables are presented as further background information when using the Indoor Air Quality Procedure. Many contaminants have odors or are iitants that may be detected by human occupants or visitorstoa space. The ir can be considered acceptably free of annoying contaminants if 80% ofa panel of at least 20 untrained observers deems the air to be not objectionable under representative conditions of use and occupancy. An observer should enter the space in the ‘manner of a normal visitor and should render a judgment of acceptability within 15 seconds. Each observer should make the evaluation independently of other observers and without influence from a panel leader. Users of this method are cautioned that the method is only atest for odors. Many harm- ful contaminants will not be detected by this test. Carbon monoxide and radon are two examples of odorless contami- nants. References for Appendix B BL. TLVs Threshold Limit Values and Biological Exposure Indices for 1987-88. American Conference of Gover ‘mental Industrial Hygienists, 6500 Glenway, Building 1-7, Cincinnati, OH 45211-4438. (Airborne concentra tions of substances to which nearly all workers may be repeatedly exposed, day after day, without adverse effect: updated yearly.) 1986. Verein Deutscher Ingenieure, Handbuch Reinhaltung der Lg. Maximnale Imissions-Werte, VDI 2310, September 1974, (West German counterpart of TLVs at Reference ch) 35. Newill, V.A. Air Quality Standards, Table TI, pp. 462- Vol. V of Stem, A.C. (ed), Air Pollution, 3rd ed. ‘Acedemy Press, New York, NY (national, by county, ‘ambient air quality standards). 1977. 5+ Government of Ontario, Regulation 296 under the Envi- ronmental Protection Act, Revised Regulations of Ontario, Toronto (current update of Ontario, Canada, ambient air quality criteria) April 1987, Martin, W., and A.C. Stem, The World's Air Quality Standards, Vol. I. The Air Quality Management Stan- dards of the United States, Table 17, pp. 11-38, October 1974 (available from NTIS PB-241-876; National Tech- nical Information Service, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22461). 1974. USS. National Academy of Sciences, Committee on Tox- icology, National Research Council, Guides for Short ‘Term Exposure of the Public to Air Pollutants. Micro- fiche or photocopies of these may be obtained from the Ba, Bs. 26, 9‘National Technical Information Services, by order num- ther. For example: Ammonia PB-244-336, November 1972; Hydrochloric Acid PB-203-464, August 1971. 3. US, Environmental Protection Agency, Code of Federal Regulations, Tile 40, Part 64 (current national emission standards for hazardous air pollutants), July 1, 1986. USS. Environmental Protection Agency, National Air ‘Toxics Information Clearinghouse Data Base, Report on State and Local Agency Air Toxies Activities, Tuly 6, 1986 (tabulation of reportirg states and communities published standards and guidelines for toxic air pollut- ants). 1986, 54. U.S, Environmental Protectica Agency, Code of Federal Regulations, Title 40, Part 50 (current national ambient air quality standards) July 1, 1986, BO. U.S, Consumer Products Sefety Commission, Code of Federal Regulations, Title 16, Parts 1303, 1304, 1305 and 1500 (ban of certain commercial practices and haz- ardous substances regulation), January 1987. «, BAL U.S, Environmental Protection Agency, Code of Federal Regulation, Title 40, Part 763 (national asbestos regula- tions), February 25 and October 30, 1987. B12. U.S, Occupational Safety end Health Administration, Code of Federal Regulations, Tile 29, Part 1910 (toxic and hazardous substances), Jay 1, 1986. BAS. US, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Code of Federal Regulations, Title 30, Parts 56.5001, 57.5001, ‘97.5038 and 57.5039 (air quality), July 1, 1986. 5-14. U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, ‘Code of Federal Regulations, Title 24, Part 3280,308 (formaldehyde: emission controls for manufactured hhomes), April 1, 1988. Bea, 2-5. State of Minnesota, Minnesota Laws of 1985, Chapter 216, Section 144.495 (formaldehyde rules for new hous- ing units). 1985. 516. U.S, Food and Drug Administration, Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21, Part 801 (maximum acceptable levels of ozone), April 1, 1986. BAT. U.S, National Academy of Sciences, Committee on Toxicology, An Assessment of the Health Risks of Seven Pesticides Used in Termite Control (chlordane in rilitary housing), August 1982. B-18- U.S, National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council, Report of the Panel on Air Quality in Manned Spacecraft of the Committee on Toxicology, Atmo- spheric Contaminants in Spacecraft. June 1972. B19. 'Y.s, Naval Research Laboratory, Navy Submarine Atmospheric Control Manual (current update of Table 3-1, unclassified defense information), 1987. B29. American Industrial Hygicne Association, Occupa- tional Exposure and Work Practice Guidelines for Form- aldehyde. July 24, 1986. B21. Ys. Environmental Protection Agency. A Citizen's Guide to Radon. August 1986. 222. U.S, Environmental Protection Agency. Radon Redue- tion Methods, A Homeowner's Guide. August 1986. 823. Canada Department of National Health and Welfare, Exposure Guidelines for Residential Indoor Air Quality. ‘Ottawa, April 1987 B24. World Health Organization, Report on a WHO meeting, August 21-24, 1984, Indoor Air Quality Research. EURO Reports and Studies 103, Regional Office for ‘Furope, Copenhagen, Denmark, 1986. ANSVASHRAB STANDARD 62.2001TABLE B-1 STANDARDS APPLICABLE IN THE UNITED STATES FOR COMMON INDOOR AIR POLLUTANTS* oltatant Tidoor Standards (Outdoor Standards Tadustrial Workplace Standards “Asbestos Consumer Prodoct Safety Commission Naioal Emiisons Standard: no vise enssonny 02 Fibeem Bir, tas baned use of asbestos inaificsl_ may also comply by cleaning emissions a peci- TWA (optically measured longe than S microns) logs fo freplaces, inating com- Fed heer enult seston material esapes 0. (OSHA, 29 CFR 110.0016) (C12) pounds, andinceain garments (16 air (EPA, 40 CFR 61.14Det 504) (C7) {CER 1504, 1305, 150.178}; vol 20 fiber, Bh TWA sary ba on use in aides (C-10) BPA regulate wen scboels 4OCFR Stale ai gutty limits (Mine Sfey and Heh Admin, 30 CFR 16380)andremoval projets (@OCFR CTOOOIO gh? Bh. (6650010), 573001009 (C13) 768.120); bans insalisiono able MA QOOOI Then? 24 aches forficlityinlaion—-NCOOIO0 pin! — 24h, GOCFRLISCICD NY 500ORIm? Ly. ‘VA 2.0000 gin? 24 he (a TLY tase ters lenge than S iro)” (NATICH Data Base, 1986)(C-8) Caen Mononiie ‘atonal Abi A Quay inary Senddt SS agha® GO pom oie, (See Tabi 1) TWA tome’ @hpm) Shave (OSHA, 29 CFR 1910.100, Table Z-1) (C12) mgm GSpem) Ui avg PA, cOCRR S08) (CO) ‘Mine Sfeyand Heath Adi. es ACGITLY* Sut quit lit CIO nem Bh Goa S7 0016) (C3) NVI3I00mpn? She (NATICH DataBase, 1986) C-8) “Formac FO pan pr ae TN Tete a Tain hare HUD sunderdformarusrured State igual init: 25pm Sin, STEL? homes achieved trough podect CT 12.00 ef? ‘missions standards of 2nd 3 ppm 100150 gin? (OSHA, 29 CFR 1910.1000, Tae 2-2; (HUD, 24 CFR 3280308. 1988) IN IBCOLD/n? (OSHEA issued final le Dec. 4, 1987 C19) MA02000g/a? NC 30000 ptm? (62 FR 46168 lowering a pevou standard tthe Ste: 04 pom standard ferindoor—NVOO7IO min? aoe level, which was effciveon Fe 2, 688). ‘xporere MN snot 144495, 1985) NY 2.00 gh? 1) VA 12.000 naa? ‘Mine Safty and Heakh Admin. ses ACGIH TL (NATICH Dat Base, 1986 (C-8) {GOCER 7.500149) (C-13) Tad ‘CPSC ins bannadinpaeTereoa- —Nadonal Abit Air Oval Primary Sug sh WA (GeeTable 1) sumer use or uses on conser red- and Secgndry Standard: (Osta, 29 CFR 1910, 10256) (12) vets (16 CFR 1303) (C-10) 1Sugimtmat arithmetic mean over calendar. Mine Sey and Health Admin wes ACTH TLY (EPA AOCERS0.12(C3) Sues qualty Finis: GocrRs7 500119) C13) T1500 nein? She TL0S00ugim? | 24h MAO604g/03 24tn NY 000¢mpim? Br VA2500jgfm” — 24br, (NATICH Data Base for lead powder, 1986) (8) ‘Nizogen Dioside ‘aol Aion Air Quay Pay and Seo (Gee Table 1) aay Standards: (S pom) cating 9 mgfm? {00 jam (OSHA, 29 CRE 1910.10, Table 7-1) (C12) 053) pom anual stnedc mean Mine Safety and Heath Adin. ses ACGIATLY PA 40.CFR 50.10 (C9) GOCERS7 0016) C21) Se sr quays CT1200ysim* 8 he NVOM3 mem? ah (NATICH DataBase, 1986) C-8) 3 a AC Tees wens a dal ing Cal, Westem Burp, nd A Pal “Peminbl cnet. ANSUASHRAE STANDARD 62-2001 a‘TABLE B-1 (Continued) STANDARDS APPLICABLE IN THE UNITED STATES FOR COMMON INDOOR AIR POLLUTANTS* Pallatant Tndoor Standards (Outdoor Standards Tndustrial Workplace Standards ‘Vasa “RDA pits devioes (6g, gem — Raion Amat Air Quality ‘Omg ppm) She TWA Gee Table and 3) cies, deodottzers) atest in more Primary and Sccoodary Standards: than 0.05 ppm in occupied enloted (OSHA, 29 CFR 1910.1000, Tee Z-1) (C12) spaces such as homes, offices, or hos- 235 He/m? (0.12 ppm) max. hourly avg, pial, that esl in ny releases in laces occupied by the lor insim (QUCFR 801.415) C16) (EPA, 40 CFR 509) (C9) State ar qual Hs: C1 2350 usin? he, NV 0005 mein? 8hr (NATICH Data Base, 1986) (C8) ‘Mine and Safety and Health Admin. ves ACGIN'TLV (GOCPR ant 57s001(9) (C13) Panicle (GeeTable 1) ‘Naional AR A Qualiy Bary Sa 75 ugha? anno geom. mean 260 e/a? ‘maxims 25 Secondary andes: 60 gf? annua geom, mean 150 ugha ‘maximum 24 PA, 0CFR506, 50.769) Radon (See Table) ‘ional Eni Sadar a Radon D2 oe ‘ons from underground uraiom mines—requies Dulko constuction EPA, 40 CFR 61.22) (C-1) ‘National Emissions Standard fer Radome Emissions (excluding Radn-220, 222) fom DO facts, other federal facies, and NRClcensed facies: 25 mxemy whole boy ‘TS terem excl omgen (EPA, CPR 61.92, 61.100), {LO WL radon progeny maximum 4 WLM radon progeny calendar yese (Qin Safety and Heat Adin, 30 CPR 57.5038, 575039)(C13) iar Dade (See Table 1) Nana AR eae A Qualiy aimaty Saar 80 pe/a° (0.03 ppm) anneal arithmetic mean 365 yp/m (0.14 pom) 24h, Secondary Standard: 1300 gh? (05 ppm 3h. (EPA, 40 CFR 504, 505)(C-5) ‘State aie quality imi: CTs600uein 8h NVOL9mpm? Bh, TN1200uem ye (NATICH Data Base, 1986) (C8) "iow ACGIN TI ecco weston aloe sandals ating Cat, Wes aps sn AS TSngin® G ppm) She TWA (OSHA, 29 CFR 1910.1000, he Z-1) (C12) Mine Safety and Health Admin, uses ACGTH TLV GOCER 57.5001¢@) (C-13) ANSUASHRAE STANDARD 62-2001GUIDELINES USED IN THE UNITED STATES FOR COMMON INDOOR AIR POLLUTANTS Platt Tandoor Guides| “aes ‘Onidonr Guidelines Thdusrat Workplace Guidelines ‘ORO berloe Bh TLVATWA depending oa ype oF be) (Ges Longe tan 5 micros} (ACG, 1986E7) (1) Poliatant door Guiding: Caton eno “Outdove Gaines Tndarrat Wersplace Guidlines “img 0 pe i TVW ‘40 mph (00 pen 5. STEL, “ACAI, 1986-87). ors TAS ecesnen at or ay Boas % ugha? maxinam Formal TSiagi pam Se TORTWA ‘3 mgém? (2 ppm) 15 mia. STEL, ac, 6 12a (pen) She TWA 2 mglm (2 gpm) 15min. STEL, (american Insta BHypene Ass, 1986) (C20) NAS ecommerdains for manned pact (C-18) Lomp/a? (1.0 ppm) 60min. 01 me (1 pp 90 cays 1 mp (1 pp) 6 mo. [Nay Submarine Amospis Conaol Manua eves setby Naval Rewarch Laborey:(C-19) 30 ppm howe open 24 be 5 ppm 90 aay Ta Daal Famer ‘Cis aga NAW (Acari, 198687 (C-1) Wage Bide ‘SmaI ppd Be TLV IW Orage pp) 1S in, STEL (ACI, 1886-871) INAS recommendation fr manned spacecraft (C-18) A:ngha® 2.0 pm 60 mi. omy} @Sppa0 99 days 1.0 mga? (3 pp) 6 mo Crimea GT ppm Bie, THT (6 mgin® (03 pp) 15 in. STEL, (ACG, 1886 87) doe EPA 168 esemmerdao forHames (SeeTable 3) 4 pC esscan be reached in most hom A420 Cake avin rede within ae yeas 820-20 pCi rede win several moods ‘A200 pC or above race within several ‘weds or reece unt eves reread (EPA, “A hina’ Gide Radon” Augut 1986) (C21) (2A, “Radon Reluctlon Need, A Home ‘me's eld," August 1986) (C22) ‘Sule Diase ANSASHRAE STANDARD 62-2001 Frag? gpa) i TLVTWA 102g pon 15min. STEL (cacar, 9868(C-1) [NAS recommendation for mamnd space (C18) 13a? 60 rpm) 60min, ‘3g (L0 ppm 90 days 3mp/o? (10 7pm) 6 mo. 2TABLE B.3" SUMMARY OF CANADIAN EXPOSURE GUIDELINES FOR RESIDENTIAL INDOOR AIR QUALITY “Receplable Exporare Ranges Contaminant ASTER ALTER™ Page aes (ay et = T Cuten coxise 7 6200 meh (500 ppm) 0 Caen monoxse s aaa Nitvosdimethylamioe aspx a Mutagens under investigation fo carcinogenicity NO; 005.1 oD 305 co 2% CORD 3 COND s9.986 1-100 ail >20 Continwoasexposire Radon and Progeays 10-3000 Bain? = 0B? ‘Swedish standard for new houses Formaldehyde 005.2 0.05 >a ‘Long- and shorttm 50 poz os 3135 80, sone short-term co, 500-9000 1800 12000 Japanese standard 1800 mpi? oO posas 00s 008 Ashes lO fbresin? 0 10° fibram Fe Tong-erm expose Mineral ers clo ftresn = Skin tation Organics “Methylene ehorde ons.2 = 330 nwt 260 NIOSH" recommendations “ichleemethene 0001-0102 ea 20 co 1s NIOSH recommendations ‘Terachioroetbene 002-005 ae a5 mW 1.4 Dehlorobenzene 2.00501 = 450, 1M Bemene ao1-008 ceacinogen Toluene aois-o07 315 ny mp-Xylene 01-005 2 235 1 Nonane 001-008 - 1050 1.04980) mDecane 002-008 a a Limonene 01-08 7 550 [TLY eupentine Till gust wer concede te ova wou ot enna esa W Eee pe ins eran AEC TT [Beinn fone gsm? ceded tr tortem SRST a caiman guosin uta {According Enveowmel Het Cea No.4 Gea Wed Hest Ortiz, 1677. Ieradeal tr Onsite ILD) ‘TLV Grebo iat values) eublsiea ty Ansican Confrence of Goveeenal ins: —=a0 mesg paren be ten can of islicen know al yen (98-198), Thse ane fo cesapaion expats shld be ‘Pram Refasess C28 73 7 m ANSVASHRAB STANDARD 62-2001> Voy Figure C-1_ Two chamber model. jppendix is not part of this standard but is included for information purposes only. APPENDIXC RATIONALE FOR MINIMUM PHYSIOLOGICAL REQUIREMENTS FOR RESPIRATION AIR BASED ON CO, CONCENTRATION Oxygen is necessary for metabolism of food to sustain life, Carbon and hydrogen in foods are oxidized to CO, and HO, which are eliminated by the body as waste products. Foods can be classified as carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, and the ratio of carbon to hydrogen in eachis somewhat difer- ent. The respiratory quotient (RQ) is the volumetric ratio of carbon dioxide produced to oxygen consumed, It varies from 0.71 fora diet of 100% fat to0.8 fora diet of 100% protein and 1.00 for a diet of 100% carbohydrates (see Reference C-1). A value of RQ = 0.83 applies to a normal diet mix of fat, carbo- hydrate, and protein, ‘The rat at which oxygenis consumed and carbon dioxide is generated depends on physical activity. These relationships are shown in Figure D-2 (see Reference D-2). The breathing zate is shown also, A simple mass talance equation gives the ‘outdoor air flow rate needed to maintain the steady-state CO, concentration below a given limit. Vy= MC, Co) 1) where ¥, = outdoor air low rate per person Ve breathing rate Nn (00p generation rate per person Ce = CO, concentration in exhaled breath , = CO, concentration in the space Cy = CO, concentration in outdoor air For example, at an activity level of 1.2 met units (1.0 met = 184 Btwh-f?), comesponding 10 sedentary persons, the (CO; generation rate is 0.31-L/min. Laboratory and field stud jes have shown that with sedentary persons about 7.5 L/s (15 cfm) per person of outdoor air will dilute odors from human bioeffluents to levels that will satisfy a substantial majority (about 80%) of unadapted persons visitors) to a space (Berg ‘Munch etal. 1986; Cain et al. 1983; Fanger and Berg-Munch 1983; Iwashita etal. 1989; Yaglou etal, 1936). Ifthe ventila- tion rate is to be held to 7.5 Lis (15 cfm) per person, the result ANSUASHRAS STANDARD 62-2001 ‘vce censuMPron co, PREOUETIN UMM Figure C-2 Metabolic data. ing steady-state CO concentration relative to that in the ‘outdoor air is, G,-Cg=NVy 0.31(75x 60 s/min) = 0.000689 litets of CO, per liter of air = 700 ppm ‘Thus, maintaining a steady-state CO, concentration in a space no greatcr than about 700 ppm above outdoor air levels will indicate that a substantial majority of visitors entering a space will be satisfied with respect to human bioeffluents (body odor). A more detailed discussion of this relationship between CO, concentrations and the perception of bioeffho- cents, as well as the use of indoor CO, to estimate building ‘ventilation rates, is contained in ASTM Standard 6245. CO concentrations in acceptable outdoor sir typically range from 300 to 500 ppm. High CO, concentrations in the ‘outdoor air can be an indicator of combustion and/or other ‘contaminant sources. sare C-3 show the outdoor air flow rate required as @ function of physical activity and steady-state room concentra- tion. If the activity level is greater than 1,2 met, the required ventilation must be increased to maintain the same carbon dioxide level ‘Also the decrease in oxygen content of the room air can bbe found from Equation C-1 when oxygen concentration is substituted for carbon dioxide concentration Co-C= NIV, cr ‘The term N now hes a negative value with respect to its use in Equation C-1 since oxygen is consumed rather than generated. C= C.— NIM, C3) 2sThe oxygen consumption rate is 0.36 L/min when the ‘activity level is 1.2 met, For ventilation at a rate of 15 cfim (429 Lim) and an activity level of 1.2 met units, the room ‘oxygen level will be reduced from an outdoor concentration to 20.9%. Thus the oxygen content of the room is reduced from 21% to 20.9%, a change of only 0.5%. The carbon dioxide is raised from the background of 0.03% to 0.1%, a change of 230%. Thus dilution of carbon dioxide is clearly more significant than replacing oxygen. REFERENCES C MHlattic, L.A. Graphie Visualization ofthe Relations of Metabolic Fuels: Heat; O3 CO HO: Urine N. J. Applied Physiology, 15, (4): 677-683, 1960. C2 ASHRAE Handbook—1985 Fundamentals Volume, Chapter 8. American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc, Atlanta, GA 30329, 1988. * © Berg-Munch, B., GH. Clausen, and P.O. Panger. 1986. Ventilation requirements forthe control of body odor in spaces occupied by women. Environ. Int, 12: 195-200. Cain, WS. et al. 1983, Ventilation requirements in buildings - 1. Control of occupancy odor and tobacco smoke odor. Atmos. Environ, 17(6): 1183-1197, 5: Fanger, P.O., and B. Berg-Munch. 1983. Ventilation and body odor. Praceedings of an Engineering Foundation Conference on Management of Atmospheres in Tightly Enclosed Spaces, pp. 45-50. Atlanta: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engi- neers, Ine. 4 Iwashita, G, K. Kimura, etal 1989, Pilot study on adi- tion of old units for perceived air pollution sources. Pro- ceedings of SHASE Annual Mecting, 3221-324, Tokyo: cu. a Figure C-3 Ventilation requirements, 25 Society of Heating, Air-Conditioning and Sanitary Engineers of Jepan. 7 Yaglou, CP,, E.C. Riley, and D.1. Coggins. 1936. Venti- lation requirements, ASHRAE Transactions 42: 133- 162. % ASTM. 1998. ATSM Standard D6245, American Soci- ety for Testing and Materials. Standard Guide for Using Indoor Carbon Dioxide Concentrations to. Evaluate Indoor Air Quality and Ventilation. Philadelphia: Amer- ican Society for Testing and Materials, D6245.98. This appendix Is not part of this standard but is included for information purposes only. APPENDIX D PROCEDURE FOR USE OF CLEANED RECIRCULATED AIR ‘The amount of outdoor air specified in Table 2 may be reduced by recirculating air from which offending contami- nants have been removed or converted to less objectionable forms. Formaldehyde, for example, may be oxidized to water and carbon dioxide. The amount of outdoor air required depends on the contaminant generation in the space, the contaminant concentrations in the indoor and the outdoor air, the filter location, the filter efficiency for the contaminants in ‘question, the ventilation effectiveness, the supply air circula- tion rate, and the fraction recirculated. A,B = Filter Location Subscripts V = Volumetric Flow f = filter C= Contaminate Concentration 0 = outdoor E = Efficiency or Effectiveness r= retum F, = Flow Reduction Factor s = supply N= Contaminate Generation Rate = ventilation R= Recirculation Flow Factor Figure D-l shows a representative system. A filter may be located in the recirculated airstream (location A) or in the supply (mixed) airstream (location B). The ventilation effective- ness will depend on the location ofthe supply outlet, the retam. inlet, and the design and performance of the supply diffuser. ‘Figure D-lisa schematic of atypical system with the supply outlet and the retuminletin the ceiling, Itis possible for some supply air \o low direcly from the supply to theetur, bypassing the occu- pied zone of the room. Thisreduces the effectiveness of the vent Jation supplied to the space (see Appendix E). All ofthe exhaust is shown in Figure D-1 as being taken from the return airstream, Many systems will have part or all ‘of the exhaust taken directly from the space. If the exhaust air istaken fromthe ceiling area, it willbe subject tothe same loss ‘of ventilating cfficiency as if it were taken from the return air flow. See Appendix E for its effect on ventilating efficiency, E,, The exhaust airflow, V,, is then equal to all of the exhaust air flow regardless of whether it is takea from the retum air or from the room. Then: Ve= Vo, 1) let Vz’ be the portion of air exhausted from the return duct, and ANSUASHRAB STANDARD 62-2001be the portion exhausted directly from the room. Then: Vea Vel+ Ve" @2 and VeV,- Ver (3) ‘The material balance atthe supply outlet is: Vs = Vo RV, = (Ve + Ve) + RV, 04 RY, =Ve~ (We + V2) @s) RY; isthe reciroulated air and ¥, isthe retum ait. Therefore: RaLs~ (We + Ve, 0% \Vtiable-ai-volume (VAV) systems reduce the circulation rate when the thermal load is satisfied. This is accounted for by a flow reduction factor Fr. The supply air temperature is normally held constant in a VAV system. Constant-volume systems require a variable supply ac emperature. VAV systems also may have a constant or proportional outdoor air low rate. Ry, “ Fy Vs Ey Occupied Zone FigureD-1 Recirculation and filtration, A mass balance for the contaminant may be written to determine the space contaminant concentration foreach of the system arrangements. The various permutations for the air- handling and distribution systems are deseribed in Table D-1. ‘There are seven variations. The mass balance equations for computing the space contaminant concentration for each system are presented in Table D-L If the allowable space contamination is specified, the ‘equations in Table D-1 may be solved for the outdoor flow rate ‘ge When the outdoor air flow rate is specified, the equations may be solved for the resulting contaminant concentration a shown in Table D-L Filters are effective for removing particles. They are less effective or ineffective in removing gases and vapors. There- fore, when designing a filtration system, consideration must bbe given to contaminants that are poorly filtered or not filtered at all. The ventilating rate may only be reduced until some contaminant reaches its maximum acceptable limit. This appendix is not part of this standard but is included for information purposes only. APPENDIX E VENTILATION EFFECTIVENESS Stratification Model, A model for ventilation effective- ness can be derived by considering a typical HVAC air- handling system as shown schematically in Figure E-1, It is possible that fraction, ofthe supply air may bypass directly to the rerum inlet without mixing at the occupied level, ie. below the dotted line in Figure E-l. ‘The total outdoor air inthe supply airs Voy ‘The fraction of the supply air thatstratifies and bypasses directly to the return is designated by S. This model applies to the foreed ventilation system and excludes the effects of ‘passive infiltration. The amount of outdoor air supplied to the space is: TABLE D-1 Required Outdoor Air or Space Contaminant Concentration with Recirculation and Filtration equtre Recreustion Rte Tempera Flow | “ttre” | outdoor Aie| Required Outoor A ques Reckeutaton rome | war | consaar | to aR = SFR VES GS 1] & fecmuae] vaste pv, = eee NFEVC,-C) m | oa | var | cose ee ww | vv | coasan nv, ve [8 [comune | vate eee |e TFEVGI-EE we [| come | com [Yo = re came Rogers [Mo RSEERT EC we] ew | comme | omnia |v, « set tnegn. [% Rv, = ANSVASHRAB STANDARD 62-2001 awaa eos igure E-1 Typleal air distribution system. Vos = Vo + RX 5% Voy en ‘The amount ofunvitiated (urtsed) airthatis exhausted is: . Voe= (1-R)S Vos 2) ‘The ventilation efficiency then can be defined as: Ey = [Vor Vee Vo, 3) Combining Equations Fl, F-2, and F-3, &,=(1~SV[1-RS} 4) [Equation E-4 defines the effectiveness with which the ‘outdoor air is circulated to the occupied space in terms of a stratification or mixing factor Sand the recirculation factor R. If thereis noexhaustfiow, R= I and the effectiveness = 100%. If, however, there is both stratified flow and recirculation, ‘outdoor air can pass through the system without ever being used to dilute contaminants at the occupied level. This ve lation loss also represents an energy loss, REFERENCE EX Janssen, J.B. Ventilation Stratification and Alr Mixing, Indoor Air, Vol. 5. Proc. of the 3rd Intern. Conference (on Indoor Air Quality and Climate, Stockholm, Sweden, 1984, Sponsored by USEPA, ASHRAE, GRI, EPRI and European organizations. 1984, This appendix is not part of this standard but is Included for information purposes only. APPENDIX F RATIONALE FOR LAG OR LEAD TIME FOR TRANSIENT OCCUPANCY ‘When spaces such as classrooms, auditoriums, of offices are unoccupied for several hours and then occupied, operation ofthe ventilation system may be delayed to use the capacity of theairin the space to dilute contaminants. This applies tocases Whiere the inside contaminants are associated only with human ‘occupancy and where contaminants are dissipated by natural ‘means during long vacant periods. The operation of the venti- lation system can then be delayed until the concentration of contaminants reaches the acceptable limit associated with the ‘minimum ventilation requirements at steady state. 2% ‘The concentration of any contaminant Cin the absence of sean ingen Se vane» ened iow: G-Ms e» tte contami nrtion at ans time The Contin concen Cy ve satya cnien sth vetlton ae Vis x o=¥ 2) ‘The maximum permissible ventilation delay time after the space is occupied is when C, equals C,, or: tad 3) ‘This equationis plotted in Figure 4 fot various ventilation rates in cfm/person (L/s per person) and space volume in f°/ person (Liperson). When contaminants are generated inde- pendent of people or their activities, and the contaminants do ‘ot present a short-term health hazard, ventilation may be shut off during unoccupied periods. In these-cases, however, Venti- tation must be provided in advance of the time of occupancy, 0 that acceptable conditions will exist for people at the start of occupancy. It is impractical to operate the ventilation system at the minimum requirement until steady state is reached, because this is approached asymptotically with time and may take several hours to reach practical equilibrium. An cngincering estimate of a permissible contaminant level of 1.25 times the steady: state value has, therefore, been sclected 4s the maximum lovel atthe time of occupancy. The occupants ‘would, fora time, be subjected to somewhat higher contami- ‘nant concentrations than the steady-state value. Itis postulated thatthe factor of safety implicit in the concentrations in 6.1.3 are adequate so that, for practical purposes, the required air quality is provided over the entire occupancy period. ‘When an initialy contaminated room with a level of concentration Cis diluted by a given rate of ventilation ¥, the time required o lower the concentration to a fraction X above the final steady-state concentration level can be expressed as follows: (C)V/N— 7 4) £ = e/a where: 1 time = room volume = ventilation rate Vv N= contaminant generation rate Cj, = initial concentration Figure 5 is a plot of this relationship, where C; is assumed to be approximately 10 times the steady-state value end X= 0.25 or 25%. ANSASHRAE STANDARD 62.2001This appendix is not part of this standard but is included for information purposes only. APPENDIX G. RATIONALE FOR REDUCING OUTDOOR AIR WHEN, LOADS ON A MULTI-ZONE SYSTEM ARE UNEQUAL Building HVAC systems often serve more than one room or zone. When the ventilating requirements for different rooms of zones are unequal, some of the retum ar is recireu- Jated, and exhaust is taken from the return ar, itis possible to reduce the fraction of outdoor er in thetotal supply below that required forthe critical space, ie., the space with the greatest ventilation requirement. Derivation of the formula that spec- iffes the fraction of the outdoor air required in the total supply is as follows: ‘A.wo-chamber model may be used as shown in Figure G- 1. One chamber, represented by subscript c, represents the erit- {eal zone or zone with the highest ventilation load. The other chamber represents the sum of the other zones or rooms that require a smaller fraction of outdoor ar in their supplies than the critical zone, Ve = exhaust from the system Vy. = outdoor air supply corrected to cccount for recirculation Vig. = total supply airflow V, = retum airflow gz = outdoor ar flow supplied to zone i Jog = Sim of the outdoor air supplied to all zones supply airflow to zone i sum of supply flows to all zones Voc = outdoor air supplied to exitcal rane Vie = supply tir flow to critical zone F = fraction of outdoor ai in supply to crtieal zone FVodVec cy R= fraction ofretum air that is recirculated, ic, Re LYy— VV = 15g Voda 2 Note that Vo Vou Wa Vee oe Figure G-1 Multi-zone mode. ANSUASHRAE STANDARD 62-2001 ‘on Co) and 2 Van = % Msi G4) ‘Then, by definition forthe critical zone, Vod Vie Von! Vat (G5) Thus, if the supply contains a fraction of outdoor air needed to satisfy the critical zone, the other zones will be over~ ‘Ventilated and their return will contain unvitiated or “unused” ‘outdoor air. A fraction, R, of the return air then can be recir- culated to supply some of the outdoor airneeded by the critical zone. This will reduce the amount of outdoor air needed by the system. If Fis the fraction of outdoor air in the supply to the crit ical zone, the flow rate of unvitiated (unused) outdoor airin the retum from the averventitated zones is, FV—Von G6) ‘The fraction of this unvitiated return air that is recircu- Iated is LFV g— Vond on ‘The total amount of usable outdoor air, Vey in the supply then is, Vor + RFVq— Von) (G-8) ‘The ventilation requirement of the critical space is met when the supply air, V,,, contains a fraction of outdoor air equal to, Vg = Vor + RUEVay— Vo) oo) From the definitions of the recirculation fraction, R, given by Equation G-2, FV y= Vor + (Ve Vor Vel UPVse— Von) (G-10) Equation G-10 can now be solved for the total outdoor air, or fresh air needed to satisfy all zones. FV = Vor FV g-FVen~ Von Vor VadVa — G-11) Voll =F + Vor! Vall = Von G12) Therefore, Vor VorlO + Van! Vos FV G13) or substituting the value for F and dividing both sides of the equation by the total supply Vie Vod Vor = (Von! VaVl + (VouVit)~ VadVee)] (G14) Equation H-14 can be written Yaxi1+X-2) G5) ‘where Y= VodVye the corrected fraction of outdoor ar in the total supply X= Veg/ Vg the uncorrected fraction of outdoor air in the total supply Z__ = F,the fraction of outdoor air inthe supply ofthe critical 9This appendix is not part of this standard but is included for information purposes only. APPENDIX H ADDENDA DESCRIPTION INFORMATION ANSV/ASHRAE Standard 62-2001 incorporates ANSVASHRAE Standard 62-1999 and addenda j , m, p, 4, s, and w to ANSV/ASHRAE Standard 62-1999. The following tables, Tables H-1 and H-2, list all addenda to the standard and describe the \way in which the text is affected by the change, Table H-3 states the ASHRAE and ANSI approval dates, TABLE H-1 Addenda to ANSVASHRAE Standard 62-1989, Changes Identifi Tédenaie | Sacto | ‘om, | Ateced Dascin of Changs Sta | Tend agp |Actenton avin won Ty sing fee nd ty pining acm b9 2 c 29, and 32. This addendum updates references in Appendix C and also modifies Tables 1 and 3. | 21,22, .8433 | Adin csemoves sonia of tama confot Fon andar Ts adam ema bets Section 2 end adds a new subsection 2.2. This addendum also deletes section 5.3 in its entirety. al 23 Ado ds cee ih soe stg tat compos wie dd wil ata lyran cope os a gi fava ef snr Tncocnsanaodeee ae Saas 62 | 613-"hite? [pated senor soa tat elon at Tc aboion Ta SS ints not oat of meting @7 | 613.621, | Addn finden tes of iy ns ana arasoelio el Thies ani | hitndertndngsrpdag COs Thotestof613 nt G2 hn beencmge ends Se Arend | hee mciies Tet Agpenin Dhan sete change a eet a ‘TABLE H-2 ‘Addenda to ANSVASHRAE Standard 62-1999, Changes Identified ‘Addenda to 62.1999 Sections Affected Descriptions of Changes 6 3.54 Addendum replaces the current requirement for natural ventilation systems with a prescriptive requirement that is similar to many model building codes while allowing a lperformance-besed approach. el 7 | Addendum crestes a new section on construction and vent ation system start-up. cam 8 Addendum creates a new section on operating and mainte- nance procedures, Op 37 Addendum modifies Section 5.7, which contains require ments for providing combustion ar for fuel-burming appli- ances, 624 3 | Addendum modifies several definitions for clarity. 2s 58 | Addendum clarifies and updates requirements fro equip- ment-rlated particle filtration, 20 55 Addendum defines performance erteria for air steam sur- face materials ia ventilation system equipment and ducts, 0 ANSUASHRAE STANDARD 62-2001TABLE H-3 ‘Addenda to ANSVASHRAE Standard 62-1989, Approval Dates ‘ASHRAE “ANST ‘Addenda to 62-1989 Board of Directors Approval Date Approval Date Ga Naversber 9, 1950, May 17, 1997 ie Tanwary 27, 99 “August 5, 1985 Oa Tanuary 27, 1995 ‘Aagast5, 1999 Ge Tanwary 27, 1999 August 5, 1999) OF Tanuary 27, 1959 Aagast 5, 1999 8 “one 28, 2001 November 27, 5001 or Tune 28, 2001 Novennber 27, 2001 hn Tune 28, 2001 ‘Neveraber 27, 2001 Op une 29, 2000 Dacomber 14,2001 04, Tone 28, 2001 ‘Novernber 27, 2001 Gs ‘he 28, 2001 November 6, 2001 Ce Tune 28, 2001 Novernber 27, 2001 ANSVASHRAE STANDARD 62-2001 3NOTICE INSTRUCTIONS FOR SUBMITTING A PROPOSED CHANGE TO. THIS STANDARD UNDER CONTINUOUS MAINTENANCE, ‘This standard is maintained under continuous maintenance procedures by a Standing Standard Project Committee (SSPC) for which the Standards Committee has established a documented program for regular publication of addenda or revisions, includ- ing procedures for timely, documented, consensus action on requests for change to any part ofthe standard. SSPC consider- ation wil be given to proposed changes according tothe following schedule: ‘Deadline foreceipt of proposed changes ‘SSPC will consider proposed changes atnext February 20 ASHRAE Annual Meeting (normally June) ‘Proposed changes must be submitted to the Manager of Standards (MOS) in the Iatest published format available from the MOS. However, the MOS may accept proposed changes in an carlier published format, if the MOS concludes that the differ- ‘ences are immaterial to the proposed changes. Ifthe MOS concludes thatthe current form must be utilized, the proposer may be given up to 20 additional étys to resubmit the proposed changes in the current format. Specific changes in text or values are required and must be substantiated. The Manager of Standards will return tothe submit- ter any change proposals that do not meet these requirements. Supplemental background documents to support changes sub- mitted may be included. ANSVASHRAE STANDARD 62-2001FORM FOR SUBMITTAL OF PROPOSED CHANGE TO ASHRAE STANDARD. UNDER CONTINUOUS MAINTENANCE, (Please type) 1. Submitter: oman Affilistion: ‘Addcess: iy: State: Zip: Telephone: Fax: EMail: {hereby grant the American Soir of Heng, Regering sod Ai+Condioning Begncers(ASHRAB) ie non-exclusive royalty ight, acing no txclsv royal sight copyright omy proposal snd Tuned tha air ois in publietion ofthis tod in which my proc inthis or ‘tie snr rlogos frm ir wed ery att that have the aay am empowered o grants copyright eles ‘Author's Signature: Date: NOTE: Use a separate form for each comment, completing each section (including Sections 1 and 2) to facilitate processing, 2. Number and Year of Standard: 3. Clause (Le, Section), Subclaus or Paragraph Number, and Page Number: 4.1Propose To: [1 Chunge to read as shown [1 Delete and substitute as shown (Check one) [1 Add new text as shown [] Delete without substitution ica the proposed change by showing a skeout ine trough material t be deleted and undetning mtr o beaded. After showing the txt tobe changed, oer horizotal Ine end at the purpose rato, and evbrtatison fr the proposed change. Use xiional pages if ccessay) 5. Proposed Change: 6. Parpose, Reason, and Substantation Statements: (Bolriet peovie asics of egy subetanition il text shouldbe enclosed for reference oa equest by projet committe members) [] Check if additional pages ae attached, Number of additional pages: [NOTE: Use separate fxm fr each comment. Subst (MS Word 7 prefered) may be stached to e-mail preferable), submited on dsktes, or submited im paper arm by rail fax ASHRAE, Manage of Sundards, 1791 Talis Cc, NE, Aoi, GA 30529-2308. Email change propose! @ashras.onp Fax: 404-321-5478 ANSVASHRAE STANDARD 62-2001ELECTRONIC PREPARATION/SUBMISSION OF FORM FOR PROPOSING CHANGES ‘An electronic version of each change, which must comply with the instructions in the Notice and the Form, is the pre~ ferred form of submittal to ASERAE Headquarters at the address shown below. The electronic format facilitates both ‘paper-based and computer-based processing. Submittal in paper form is acceptable. The following instructions apply to change proposals submitted in electronic form. Use the appropriate fle forme for your word processor and save the file in either Microsoft Word 7 (preferred) or et or WordPerfect 5.1 for DOS format. Please save each change proposal file with a different name (example, rop001 doo, propO02.doe, ec. for Word files—prop00].wpm, prop002.wom, et. for WordPerfect files). If supple- ‘mental background documents to support changes submitted are included iis preferred that they also bein electronic {form as wordprocessed or scanned documents, Electronic change proposals may be submited either as files (MS Word 6 preferred) attached to an e-mail (uuencode preferred) or on 3.5” floppy disk, ASHRAE will accept the following as equivalent to the signature required on the change submittal form to convey non-exclusive copyright Files attached to e-mail “Hlectroni signature on change submittal form (asa pious “AF, ‘or *.wpg), or e-mail address. Files on disk Electronic signature on change submittal form (as a picture; *.:f, cor *.wp2), listing ofthe submitter’ e-mail address on the change submittal form, or a letter with submitter’s signature eccompany’ {ng the dis or sent by facsimile (singe leter may cover all of proponent's proposed changes). Submit e-mail or disks containing change proposal file to: Manager of Standards ASHRAE 1791 Tullie Circle, NE Atlanta, GA 30329-2305 E-mail: change proposal@ashrac.org (Alternatively, mail pper versions to ASHRAE adress or Fax: 404-321-5478.) ‘The form and instructions for electronic submittal may be obtained from the Standards section of ASHRAB’s Home Page, iimdmov.ashras.org, or by contacting a Standards Secretary, 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329-2305, Phone: 404-636-8400. Fax: 404-321-5478, Email: slandards, section@ashrac.org. _ANSVASHRAB STANDARD 62-2001POLICY STATEMENT DEFINING ASHRAE’S CONCERN FOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF ITS ACTIVITIES ASHRAE is concerned with the impact of its members’ activites on both the indoor and outdoor environment. ASHRAE’s members will stve to minimize any possible deleterious effect on the indoor and outdoor environment of the systems and ‘components in their responsiblity while maximizing the beneficial effects these systems provide, consistent with accepted standards and the practical state ofthe art ASHRAE's short-range goal is to ensure that the systems and components within its scope do not impact the Indoor and ‘outdoor environment to a greater extent than specified by the standards and guidelines as established by itself and other responsible bodies. ‘As an ongoing goal, ASHRAE will, through its Standards Committee and extensive technical committee structure, ‘continue to generate up-to-date standards and guidelines where appropriate and adopt, recommend, and promote those new and revised standards developed ty other responsible organizations, ‘Through its Handbook, appropriate chapters will contain up-to-date standards and design considerations as the material is. systematically revised. ‘ASHRAE will take the lead with respect to dissemination of environmental information of its primary interest and will sa0k ‘out and disseminate information from other responsible organizations that is pertinent, as quides to updating standards and guidelines. ‘The effects of the design and selection of equipment and systems will be considered within the scope of the system's intended use and expected misuse. The disposal of hazardous materials, if any, will also be considered. ASHRAE’s primary concer ‘or environmental impact wil be at the site where oquipment within ASHRAE’s scope operates. However, energy source selection and the possible environmental impact due to the energy source and energy transportation will be considered where possible. Recommendations concerning energy source selection should be made by its members.7 ERRATA SHEET FOR ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA STANDARD 90.1-2001 (1-P edition) Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings December 15, 2001 ‘The corrections listed in this errata sheet apply to all copies of ANS/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2001, I-P edition. NOTICE: ASHRAE now has a list server for Standing Standards Project Committee 90.1 (SSPC 90.1). Interested parties can now subscribe and unsubscribe to the list server and be automatically notified via e-mail when activities and information related to the ‘Standard and the User’s Manual is available. To sign up for the list server please visit Standards List Servers on the Standards and Codes section of the ASHRAE website at bttp://www.ashrae.org/STANDARDS/listservers.htm. Page Erratum 46 — Exceptions to 6.3.2.1 Zone Controls. In Exceptions to 6.3.2.1 (c) italicize the terms “site-recovered” and “site solar energy” and add a hyphen between the word “site” and “solar” as follows: “‘site-recovered” and “site-solar energy”. 48 Section 6.3.3.1 Fan Power Limitation. Following the Allowable Fan System Power equation change the term “Temperature Ratio = (Tat T3/20 (11.1)” to “Temperature Ratio = (Traut Ts)/20”. 78 TABLE A-9 (Section A3.2), Assembly U-Factors for Metal Buildings. In the seventh column under R-16.8, for Single Layer of Mineral Fiber, R-10, change the Overall U-Factor from “0.051” to “0.041”. 130 Section C6.10.1. Change Equation C-20 from “U-factor = 1((C-factor) + 0.85 +Rssi)” to “U-factor = 1/(i/(C-factor) + 0.85 + Roi)”. Page 1 of 1 ©2001 ASHRAE. All rights reserved.INTERPRETATION IC 90.1-2001-1 OF ANSI/ASHRAE/ESNA STANDARD 90.1-2001 Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings Revision Approved: April 22, 2002 Originally issued as interpretation of Standard 90.1-1999 on February 7, 2000 (IC 90.1-1999-5), but revised based on the publication of 90.1-2001. Revisions made to all Background, Question and Answer statements to reflect Standard 90.1-2001 language. Request from: Douglas Mahone, Partner, Heschong Mahone Group, 11626 Fair Oaks Blvd. #302, Fair Oaks, CA 95628 Reference: This request for interpretation refers to the requirements presented in ‘ANSI/ASHRAB/IESNA Standard 90.1-2001, Section 4.1.2.1, Additions to Existing Buildings, and Section 4.1.2.2, Alterations to Existing Buildings. Question 1a: Does Exception (b) to Section 4.1.2.1, Additions to Existing Buildings, require that trade-offs between measures be compared on the basis of energy consumption rather than energy cost? Answer: Yes. Exception (b) to Section 4.1.2. requires that the basis of comparison be energy consumption. Question 1b: Does Exception (b) to Section 4.1.2.2, Alterations to Existing Buildings, require that trade-offs between measures be compared on the basis of annual energy usage rather than energy cost? Answer: Yes. Exception (b) to Section 4.1.2.2 requires that the basis of comparison be annual energy usage. Question 2a: Does Exception (b) to Section 4.1.2.1, Additions to Existing Buildings, require the use of the ECB method for making trade-off calculations? Answer: Yes. Compare the energy consumption using the energy analysis methodology of the ECB Chapter (Chapter 11). Question 2b(1): Does Exception (b) to Section 4.1.2.2, Alterations to Existing Buildings, require the use of the ECB method for making trade-off calculations? Answer: No. ‘Question 2b(2): Are there any restrictions intended as to the method of calculation, or may the user apply any method acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction? ©2002 ASHRAE. All Rights reserved.Answer: Yes. ‘The comparison must be done using a substantially identical design; annual ) _ Shergy usage must be calculated; it must be verified by the design professional; and, the user may _/ apply any method acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction. ©2002 ASHRAE. All Rights reserved.INTERPRETATION IC 90.1-2001-2 OF ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA STANDARD 90.1-2001 Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings Revision Approved: April 22, 2002 Originally issued as interpretation of Standard 90.1-1999 on February 6, 2000 (IC 90.1-1999-3), but revised based on the publication of 90.1-2001. Revisions made to all Background, Question and Answer statements to reflect Standard 90.1-2001 language. ‘Request from: Mark Hydeman, Taylor Engineering, 1305 Marina Village Parkway, Alameda, CA 94501 Reference: This request for interpretation relates to the water heater requirements in Section 7.2.2 and Table 7.2.2 in ANSVASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2001. Background: In Table 7.2.2, the variable V used in determining standby loss (SL) limitations is defined to be equal to the “rated” volume. This distinction is not clear in two other instances where water heater storage volume is referenced: * The exception to 7.2.2 states in part: “All water heaters, hot water storage tanks, and hot watet supply boilers having more than 140 gal (530L) of storage capacity are not required...” ‘* Product categories in Table 7.2.2 are determined in part by the input-to-volume ratio, equal to the input energy to the water heater divided by its volume. In these two cases, it is not clear whether the volume or capacity referred to is the measured or the rated volume of the storage tank. Interpretation: Mr, Hydeman offers the following interpretations: 1. The “storage volume” in the Exception to 7.2.2 is the measured volume. 2. The volume used to determine the input-to-volume ratio in Table 7.2.2 is the rated volume. Question: Are these interpretations correct? Answer: Yes. Comment; None. ©2002 ASHRAE. All Rights reserved.INTERPRETATION IC 90.1-2001-3 OF ANSU/ASHRAE/IESNA STANDARD 90.1-2001 Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings April 22, 2002 Request from: Mr. Chris Jones (e-mail: mailto:cjones@islandnet.com), 14 Oneida Avenue, ‘Toronto, Ontario MS} 2E3. ASHRAE Member 5068556. Reference: This request for interpretation refers to the requirements presented in ANSVASHRAEJESNA Standard 90.1-2001, Section 11.4.2(c), relating to budget building envelope model glazing characteristics. Background: Prescriptive criteria require that the fenestration U-value and solar heat gain coefficient values are set based on the fenestration to wall ratio. 11.4.2(c) states “Fenestration U- factor shall be the minimum required for the climate, and the solar heat gain coefficient shall be the maximum allowed for the climate and orientation.” This statement seems to imply that the budget building model should use the lowest U-factor and the highest solar heat gain coefficient; not based on fenestration to wall ratio. Interpretation: I have interpreted this section to mean that the budget building envelope model fenestration U-value and solar heat gain coefficient be set based on the fenestration percentage taken from the budget building envelope model. For example, from Table B-18, 35% fenestration percentage, non-residential building with fixed windows, I would set the U-factor at 0.57 and the SHGC at 0.49 all faces. ‘Question: Is this interpretation correct? Answer: Yes Comments: Your interpretation is still based on fenestration percentage. You enter the row based on the percentage you have and use the respective U-factor and SHGC. Please note that if the North-Oriented face had a different SHGC, you would use that value for the north fenestration. ©2002 ASHRAE. All Rights reserved.INTERPRETATION IC 90.1-2001-4 OF ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA STANDARD 90.1-2001 Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings April 22, 2002, ‘Request from: Mr. Chris Jones (e-mail: mailto:cjones@islandnet.com), 14 Oneida Avenue, Toronto, Ontario MSI 2E3, ASHRAE Member 5068556. Reference: This request refers to ASHRAEVIES 90.1-2001, Subsections 11.4.3 (a) and (d) in combination with Subsection 6.3. Background: The HVAC systems for energy cost budget buildings which have zonal systems (eg., fan coils or distributed heat pumps) typically are designed with make-up air units (MAUs) which provide 100% preheated outdoor air to the terminal units, The existence of MAUs for Systems 5, 6 and 7 in Table 11.4.3A is not explicitly defined, however. Subsection 11.4.3.(@) states “Components and parameters not listed in Figure 11.4.3 and Table 11.4.3A or otherwise specifically addressed in this subsection shall be identical to those in the proposed design.” If MAUs are intended to be included in these budget building cases, as is typical for most corresponding proposed building designs, it is unclear if heat reclaim should apply to the MAU. ‘The unit to which the preheated outside air is delivered typically has less than 70% of its supply air as outside air, indicating that heat reclaim may not apply. Further, if the make-up air does not cool the outside air (as is typical here) and it preheats the outside air to less than 60°F, then heat reclaim may not apply either according to exception (b).-Vagueness is introduced here since the MAU does not directly serve the conditioned space but instead pre-conditions the outside air to a terminal heat pump or fan coil. Interpretation 1: I have interpreted Section 11.4.3 to mean that the budget building model shall include a make-up air system if the proposed building model does. This system shall be modelled with the same characteristics as the proposed building model including heating/cooling efficiencies. Heat reclaim is only to be modelled if the proposed building model includes it. Question 1: Is this interpretation correct? Answer 1: Yes to the first sentence. No to the last two sentences. Comment 1: Energy recovery must be modeled in the budget building, whether it was included in the proposed design or not, unless one of the exceptions to 6.3.6 is applicable, For instance, energy recovery is not required to be modeled in the budget building if the MAU in the proposed design does not cool make-up air nor preheat it to more than 60°F (exception b). If the MAU is a packaged unit or a furnace or any product for which the Standard is regulating efficiency, then the budget model should use the lowest allowed cooling/heating efficiency for the product category. Interpretation 2: This interpretation holds true for both 90.1-1999 and 90.1-2001. Answer 2: Yes ©2002 ASHRAE. All Rights reserved,INTERPRETATION IC 90,1-2001-5 OF ANSUASHRAE/IESNA STANDARD 90.1-2001 Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings Revision Approved: April 22, 2002 Originally issued as interpretation of Standard 90.1-1999 on February 4,,2000 (IC 90.1-1999-1), bbut revised based on the publication of 90.1-2001. Revisions made to all Background, Question and Answer statements to reflect Standard 90.1-2001 language. Request from: Charles Eley, Eley Associates, 142 Minna Street, San Francisco, California 94105 Reference: This request for interpretation refers to the requirements presented in ANSV/ASHRABE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2001, Section 9.3.2, relating to the exterior lighting power allowance. Background: Section 9.3.2 has lighting power limits for exterior building lighting. Table 9.3.2 has limits for building entrances with a canopy, building entrances without a canopy, and building exits. For a single building, the standard permits trade-offs between these three applications. i Interpretation: For multi-building projects, exterior lighting power can be traded off between buildings. Each building does not have to separately meet its exterior lighting power allowance. Question: Is this interpretation correct? Answer: Yes. The exterior lighting power allowance of a multi-building project is the sum of lighting power allowances for the applicable exterior entrances (with and without canopies) and exits of all buildings. Comments: The designer is provided with additional flexibility for relatively minor lighting loads without changing the total amount of exterior power allowance for the total project. Building facades are not part of the exterior lighting power allowance. Building facade lighting power is “use-it or lose-it”. ©2002 ASHRAE. All Rights reserved.INTERPRETATION IC 90.1-2001-6 OF ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA STANDARD 90.1-2001, Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings Revision Approved: April 22, 2002 Originally issued as interpretation of Standard 90.1-1999 on June 25, 2001 (IC 90.1-1999-7), but revised based on the publication of 90.1-2001. Revisions made to all Background, Question and Answer statements to reflect Standard 90.1-2001 language. Request from: Jay Enck, CH2M HILL, 115 Perimeter Center Place, NE, Suite 700, Atlanta, GA. 30346 (E-mail: mailto:jenck@ch2m.com) Reference: This request for interpretation refers to the requirements presented in ANSI/ASHRAEJIESNA Standard 90.1-2001, Section 5.5.3.4, Vestibules. Background: Section 5.5.3.4 requires enclosed vestibules for doors that separate conditioned space from the exterior. Several exceptions to Section 5.5.3.4 are given. Exception C states that “Doors not intended to be used as a building entrance door” are not required to have a vestibule. Interpretation: A door thet is not a main public entrance to the building is not required to have a vestibule. A controlled access door that opens to a patio which does not have egress from the building’s exterior would not be considered a building entrance door and therefore would not require a vestibule. Question: [s this interpretation correct? Answer: Yes. Comments: None. ©2002 ASHRAE. All Rights reserved.i INTERPRETATION IC 90.1-2001-7 OF ANSVASHRAE/IESNA STANDARD 90.1-2001 Energy Standard for Buildings Except LowRise Residential Buildings Sune 23, 2002 Request from: Jwain C. White, PE, Biagi, Chance, Cummins, London, Titzer, Inc., Consulting Engineers, 601 Main Street, Shelbyville, KY 40065 (E-mail: white@BCCLT.com) Reference: This request for interpretation refers to the requirements presented in ANSV/ASHRABIESNA Standard 90.1-2001, Section 6.3.6.1, Exhaust Air Energy Recovery. ‘Background: Section 63.6.1 requires energy recovery with at least 50% effectiveness for supply fan systems over 5,000 cfin and 70% outside ai. The energy recovery effectiveness is explicitly defined in terms of enthalpy differences. This apparently restricts such systems to enthalpy wheels. However, the ASHRAE 90.1-1999 User’s Manual regarding this section (page 6-74) states, “For sensible heat exchangers, the designer may replace enthalpy with dry bulb temperature [in the equation} to calculate recovery effectiveness.” This suggests the standard allows run-around coils and other sensible-only heat recovery technologies. Question: Was the intent of this section in the standard to require energy recovery systems with “total” (enthalpic) effectiveness of at least 50%, or to allow systems with “sensible” effectiveness of at least 50%? Answer: The intent of the standard is to require energy recovery systems that provide an energy recovery effectiveness of at least 50%, based on the enthalpy difference between outside and retum air conditions. Comment: The standard’s energy recovery performance requirement may be met using any energy Tecovery technology; itis not limited to enthalpy wheels that directly achieve both sensible and latent heat recovery. Using a winter heat recovery example, if'a sensible-only energy recovery technology is applied, its sensible effectiveness must be sufficient to achieve a dry-bulb temperature rise in the outside air as it passes through the recovery device so that the supply air leaving the device has achieved and enthalpy tise of at least 50% of the outside air, return air enthalpy difference. In practice, this means that if a sensible-only recovery technology is used, its sensible efficiency may have to be greater than 50% in order to achieve the required 50% total (or enthalpic) energy recovery effectiveness. However, for summer outside air cooling, sensible energy recovery devices may only meet the 50% total energy recovery requirement in cool dry summer climates. In most warm and hot climates, both dry and humid, a total energy, enthalpy recovery device will be required to meet the performance requirement of the standard. (©2002 ASHRAE. All Rights reserved.INTERPRETATION IC 90,1-2001-8 OF ANSVASBRAEMIESNA STANDARD 90,1-2001 Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings June 24, 2002 Request from: Scott E. Frink, Jaros Baum & Bolles, 80 Pine Street, New York, New York 10005 (E-mail: franks@jbb.com) Reference: This request for interpretation refers to the requirements presented in ANSV/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2001, Section 9.3.1.2, relating to interior lighting power allowance. Background: Table 9.3.1.2 provides maximum lighting power allowances for various space types, 4 a fiction of building type, as part ofthe space-by-space method of calculation. For Office type buildings, one of the specific space types is "Banking Activity Area". Interpretation: Banking Activity Areas include dedicated floors or portions of floor of an office building utilized for financial services trading operations which include densely arranged work surfaces configured without dividing partitions, each containing multiple computer terminal displays and specialized telephone turret systems. Question 4: Is this interpretation comect? Answer 1: No. ‘Question 2: This interpretation holds true for both 90.1-1999 and 90.1-2001. Answer 2: Yes. Comments: In preparing Section 9 of the standard for the term “Banking Activity Area” it was the intent of the project committee to refer only to the teller area of a commercial banking service facility. ©2002 ASHRAE. All Rights reserved,& Technology for a Better Environment 1791 Tulle Circle, NE + Atlanta, GA 30929-2305 USA + Tol 404.686.8400 + Fax 404.321.5478 + http/hwnw.ashrae.org ‘Thank you for your purchase of this ASHRAE standard. This standard has been placed under continuous maintenance by ASHRAE. Continuous maintenance is a standards writing process that ASHRAE uses for selected standards to permit updating through public review of specific portions or sections of standards as needed. These updates are issued as addenda until the standard is republished as a revision with a new publication year. To enable purchasers of ASHRAE standards under continuous maintenance to keep their standards current as addenda are issued and until a new revision of the standard is issued, ASHRAE posts all approved addenda on its web site www.ashrae.org under the Standards section of ASHRAE Activities. Any interpretations issued on ASHRAE standards are also posted in the Standards section of the site. Access to both addenda and interpretations is free of charge. Approved revisions of ASHRAE standards with new publication years are sold either through ASHRAE's on line bookstore at www.ashrae.org or by contacting ASHRAE Customer Service, 1791 Tullie Circle, Atlanta, GA 30329-2305 USA; toll free US and Canada 1-800-527-4723; Worldwide 404-636-8400; Fax 404- 321-5478. American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. AN INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONINTERPRETATIONS FOR ASHRAE STANDARD 62-1999 Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality aa aaREEEmmmmmmsreesoeeeee ‘An official interpretation is the formal response prepared by a standing or appointed interpretations committee to a request for clarification of the meaning of a specific provision of an approved standard. Interpretations are published in the ASHRAE Journal prior to inclusion in reprints of the published Standard. Receipt of comments in any official interpretation may result in reconsideration. Requests for interpretation should be submitted in writing to: ‘Manager of Standards “ASHRAE 1791 Tullie Circte, NE ‘Atlanta, GA. 30329-2305 (404) 321-5478 Fax section@ashrae.orgINTERPRETATION IC 62-2001-02 OF ANSI/ASHRAE STANDARD 62-2001 VENTILATION FOR ACCEPTABLE INDOOR AIR QUALITY Approved April 6, 2002 Request from: Brad Stanley (brad_stanley@purafil.com), Chemical Engineer, Purafil, In., 2654 Weaver Way, Doraville, GA 30340 Reference: This request for interpretation refers to Section 6.2, Indoor Ait Quality Procedure, of ANSV/ASHRAE Standard 62-2001. Background: In the process of applying the IAQ Procedure, the question is frequently brought forth of how to know that compliance with the [AQ Procedure has been accomplished. Therefore, the following interpretation is submitted. Interpretation: The following approach to applying the Indoor Air Quality Procedure complies with the intent of ANS/ASHRAE Standard 62-2001. 1) Perform an evaluation of the building. The building’s design, operation, and use are discussed with the building owner or engineer while identifying target contaminants of concern that may be present and have a direct impact on IAQ. Information of the properties of the HVAC system being used, installed, or designed for the building are gathered. The following data can be determined from the HVAC system discussion. Ey: ventilation effectiveness F,: flow reduction factor R: recirculation flow factor Ve: volumetric flow of return air Ve: volumetric flow of outdoor air V.: volumetric flow of supply air 2) Identify the contaminants of concem, both particulate and gascous, and obtain relevant indoor and outdoor data through direct monitoring, published studies of similar buildings, information gathered by government agencies and research studies, or other referenced information. The following data can be determined through this step for each contaminant of concern, Co: contaminant concentration in the outdoor air N: contaminant generation rate 3) Obiain relevant filter efficiency information for the contaminants of concern. The filter efficiency is an inherent property of the filtration system and can be supplied by the manufacturer or through independent testing and verification. Particulate matter filters will have a MERV rating of 6 or greater. The following data can be determined through this step for each contaminant of concern. Er: efficiencies of the filter for contaminant ©2002 ASHRAE. All Rights reserved.4) Perform calculations of indoor space contaminant concentrations based on the gathered information. The equations used for the calculations are those in Appendix D of ANSVASHRAE Standard 62-2001. The following data can be calculated in this step for cach contaminant of concern. Cz contaminant concentration in the space 5) Compare these concentrations to the recommended exposure limits and verify that contaminant concentrations meet the standard and guideline criteria through reference to one or more of the following. © TABLE 1. National Primary Ambient-Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for Outdoor Air as set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency TABLE 3. Guidelines for Selected Air Contaminants of Indoor Origin TABLE B-t. Standards Applicable in the United States for Common Indoor Air Pollutants TABLE B-2. Guidelines Used in the United States for Common Indoor Air Pollutants TABLE B-3. Summary of Canadian Exposure Guidelines for Residential Indoor Air Quality ‘TABLE B-4, WHO working Group Consensus of Concem About Indoor Air Pollutants at 1984 Levels of Knowledge * Other relevant/up to date standards/guidelines issued by cognizant authorities. 6) After design, installation and startup, design criteria and assumptions are documented and ‘made available to the owner in accordance with Section 7.2.6 Construction and Systems Start-up: Documentation. 7) An air and filtration system monitoring methodology, including both quantitative and subjective evaluations is agreed upon, Filters are to be changed based on performance data in order to assure continuous compliance with the above stated limits and calculations as mentioned in Section ‘Ventilation System Maintenance: Filters and Air-Cleaning Devices. Changes in building use or occupancy category, significant building alterations, significant changes in occupant density, or other changes inconsistent with system design assumptions are to trigger a reevaluation of the design, operation and maintenance, Question: Is this interpretation correct? Answer: Yes. Comment: ‘The interpretation describes one acceptable approach. Note that the use of Quantitative and/or subjective evaluations depends on the particular contaminants addressed in the application. Also note that the equations in Appendix D of the standard are based on a single- Zone representation of the space in question and are not appropriate when dealing with multiple zone systems. Finally, note that revisions have been proposed to the Indoor Air Quality Procedure, and the requester is advised to stay abreast of these and other changes to the standard. ©2002 ASHRAE. All Rights reserved.INTERPRETATION IC 62-2001-03 OF ANSIASHRAE STANDARD 62-2001 ‘VENTILATION FOR ACCEPTABLE INDOOR AIR QUALITY. ‘Transfer Approved: January 12, 2002 (Originally issued as interpretation of Standard 62-1999 (IC 62-1999-1) on February 5, 2000, but transferred to Standard 62-2001. Since no changes were made to the relevant sections of Standard 62-2001, no revisions were made tothe {interpretation as part of this transfer. ‘Request fiom: Dennis Veleca, PE. , Sverdrup Facilites, Ine, 400 South Fourth Street, St. Lous, 140 63102-1826, (canal: vellecdp@sverdrup.com). Reference: __‘This request for interpretation refers to the requirements presented in ANSVASHRAE Standard 62- 2001, Table 2.2, Outdoor Air Ventilation Requirements Institutional Facilites. Background: In the design of correctional fecilities, there are typically two types of cells: dry, meaning those without toilet facilities; and wet, indicating 2 cell with toilet fixture and/or shower. The outdoor air requirement in ‘Table 22 for Correctional Facilites ~Cells is 20 fin/person but does not indicate whether the ell contains a toilet fixture, The basic design premise utilized in most instances is as follows. Where cells are wet (.¢, ineluds toilet facilities or showers), the space should be treated similarly to a toilet space, ie, minimum of SO cfm per fixture, ‘typically supplied by transfer sir and using local mechanical exhaust tothe outdoors with no reeircalation recommended, In eases where the cell is dry, 20 efm/person of outdoor air is adequate. ‘Sversirup's Interpretation No. 1: Mr. Velleca's letter opines thet the "Cells" entry in Table 2.2 refers to a" without a toile fixture or shower. Question No.1: Is Sverdrup's interpretation No. 1 correct?” Answor: Yes ‘Svetcrup's Interpretation No.2: Mr. Velleca's letter opines that a “wet cell with a toilet fixture and/or shower should be treated similarly to a restroom. Question No_ 2: Is Sverdrup's Interpretation No. 2 correct? Answer: No Comment: The “wet” cell i both a dry coll and a toilet space. Hence: 1, The cell needs 50 ofin of exhaust to the outdoors per toilet fixture (see “Public Restrooms” in Table 2.1) or 35 ofin of exhaust if the cell contains a shower but no toilets (see “Baths” in Table 2.1). 2. [also needs 20 efin/person of outdoor air to dilute bioeffluents from cell occupants and other contaminants ‘generated in the cel (ee “Cells” in Table 2.2) ‘This can be done a number of ways, as indicated in the following examples in which itis assumed thatthe cell has only one toilet fixture. These examples are not presented as a comprehensive list of allowable options, but rather as approaches that have been applied successfully. ‘+ The cell may be exhausted tothe outdoors at arate of at east 50 cfm with make-up provided entirely by transfer air fom an adjacent space, such as a common area or corridor but generally not an adjacent cell. The adjacent space must be supplied with sufficient outdoor air to mect its own Ventilation requirements, plus 20 cfin/person of outdoor airrequited for the cell ©2002 ASHRAE. All Rights reserved.