Materials

Selection
Guide
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A Brief History of Glaser & Associates

Glaser & Associates has been in the business of distributing and manufacturing advanced fastening
solutions for more than 50 years. The company was originally established in 1964 by William Glaser Jr.,
and has survived through three generations of the Glaser family: the company was headed by Bill Glaser
starting in 1964, Steve Glaser in 1970, Josh Glaser in 1998, and Josh was joined by Nick Glaser in 2003.

Glaser continues to provide general and emergency services to industrial partners – oil refineries,
utility companies, and contractors – in the Bay Area. However, the company also offers the same level
of service and commitment to clients around the World through sales on the Glaser website. Direct
shipping of products is available to any location from our headquarters in Martinez, California.

Overview of Material Specifications

Glaser distributes and custom manufacturers high- and low-temperature, high-pressure, and corrosion-
resistant bolting materials. We carry an array of threaded steel rod and stud products, standard
commodity hex bolts, and nuts and washers in carbon, alloy, and stainless steels. In addition, we have
in-house machining equipment for custom and per print work, and we have several partners near our
headquarters for additional machining, plating, and galvanizing.

We carry a lot of different products with different specifications and grades; the list below should help
you decide which product and grade is right for your job.

ASTM A307 (Grades A & B)

The ASTM A307 specification refers to carbon
steel bolts and studs with diameters of ¼ inch to 4
inches. Grade A covers headed bolts, threaded rods,
and bent bolts for general applications. Heavy hex
bolts and studs are classified as Grade B. These are
commonly used for flanged joints in piping systems
with cast iron flanges.

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 Material Selection Guide | 3

ASTM A563
This specification covers both finished and heavy hex nuts. We carry ASTM A563 nuts in three grades:
A (finished and heavy), C (heavy), and DH (heavy). Grade A finished nuts are made of cold-formed low
carbon steel in sizes up to 1 inch, and hot-formed 1045 steel for
sizes over 1 inch. They have a proof load strength1 of 90,000 PSI
(minimum). Grade A heavy nuts are made from the same materials
but have a higher proof load strength (100,000 PSI). Grade C heavy
nuts have an even higher proof load strength of 144,000 PSI, and
Grade DH heavy nuts have the highest proof load strength of
175,000 PSI.

SAE J429 (Grades 2, 5 & 8)

These are hex cap screws made from medium carbon steel. Grades
5 and 8 are available in larger sizes; for applications requiring cap
screws exceeding 1 ½ inch, Grade 8 is the appropriate choice.
Grade 5 screws have a tensile strength of 120,000 PSI for sizes
between ¼ inch and 1 inch, and 105,000 PSI for sizes between
1 inch and 1 ½ inch. For applications requiring higher strengths,
Grade 8 screws should be used. These screws are typically used in
the automotive industry.

ASTM F593-F594 (18-8 & 300 Series S.S.)

ASTM F593 is a specification for stainless steel hex cap screws,
bolts, and studs ranging in diameters from ¼ inch to 1 ½ inch.
F594 refers to the associated stainless steel nuts. Seven groups
of stainless steel alloys are covered in this specification, including
groups 1-3 (300 Series), groups 4-6 (400 Series), and group 7
(600 Series). The finished fasteners shall meet the mechanical
properties and test requirements for the specified alloy group and its
conditions.

ASTM A36
This specification refers to the chemical and mechanical properties
of carbon steel shapes, plates, and bars that are of sufficient quality
for use in riveted, bolted, or welded bridges, buildings, or other
structures. Bolts that use similar material to ASTM A36 steel include
ASTM A307, F15554 Grade 36, and SAE J429 Grade 2.

1
Proof load is the axially applied load that can be applied to a nut before thread stripping or rupture occurs.

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 Material Selection Guide | 4

ASTM F1554 (Grades 36, 55 & 105)

The ASTM F1554 specification includes anchor bolts for anchoring
structural supports to concrete foundations. Anchor bolts are
available in headed bolts, straight rods, or bent anchor bolts. The
Grade (36, 55, & 105) designates the minimum yield strength (in ksi)
of the anchor bolt, which is determined by the material used: Grade
36 is a low carbon anchor; grade 55 is a high strength, low alloy
anchor; and Grade 105 is a high strength, heat treated alloy.

ASTM A193-A194 (All Grades)

This specification is commonly used in the petroleum and chemical
construction industries. ASTM A193 covers alloy and stainless steel
bolting materials suitable for high-temperature or high-pressure
applications such as valves, pressure vessels, and flanges. ASTM
A194 refers to the associated nuts.. ASTM A193 and A194 bolts
and nuts from Glaser and Associates are available in a range of
grades, including B7, B16, B8 and B8M to meet different design,
service conditions, mechanical properties, and high temperature
requirements.

ALLOY 20 (Carpenter® 20)

Alloy 20, also known as Carpenter® 20, is a nickel alloy with chromium and molybdenum designed
for use in applications exposed to sulfuric acid. Due to its very high corrosion resistance, it is also
commonly used in the chemical, pharmaceutical, power generation, and plastics industries.

ASTM A276 (300 & 400 Series S.S.)

This specification refers to hot- or cold-finished stainless steel rounds, squares, and hexagons, and hot-
rolled or extruded shapes such as angles, tees, and channels. This stainless steel has good corrosion
performance, good welding performance, a shiny and clean surface, and varying tensile strengths
depending on the Grade. ASTM A276 is often used for oil and gas pipelines, plumbing, HVAC, water
systems, or power plants.

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 Material Selection Guide | 5

ALLOY C276 (Hastelloy® C276)

This alloy, consisting of nickel, chromium, and molybdenum, is the most versatile and corrosion resistant
alloy available. It is resistant to grain boundary precipitates during welding and is therefore suitable
for most chemical processes. It has very good resistance to pitting, stress-corrosion cracking, and
oxidation. Typically, Alloy C276 is used in the paper industry, for applications using sour gas, flue-gas
desulfurization, in the presence of sulfuric acid, and in other very acidic applications.

ASTM A325
This specification is used for steel,
heat-treated heavy hex structural
bolts ranging from ½ inch to 1 ½ inch
in diameter with a minimum tensile
strength of 120/105 ksi. These bolts
have shorter thread lengths than
standard hex bolts and the heavy hex
head provides a large load-bearing area
for added strength in the application. They are used for structural connections, and come in both Type
1 carbon alloy steel and Type 3weathering steel, as well as three connection types (SC – slip critical, N
– connection threads in shear plane, and X – threads excluded from shear plane).

Alloy 400-K500 (Monel® 400 & Monel® K500)

Monel® 400 is a nickel alloy that is highly resistant to corrosion, stronger than steel, has a low thermal
expansion coefficient, is resistant to alkalis, and can be welded, soldered, and brazed. The metal
is typically used in marine applications and for valves, shafts, pumps, fasteners, fittings, and heat
exchangers in the chemical and petrochemical industries. Monel® K500 is a precipitation hardenable
alloy containing aluminum and titanium. It has the corrosion resistance of Monel® 400 but improved
strength and hardness.

ASTM A354
ASTM A354 is the standard that defines mechanical and chemical properties for bolts, screws, studs,
and other fasteners forged from alloy steel up to 4 inches in diameter. Choosing ASTM A354 bolts for
a project involves selecting between two different grades, BC and BD. Within those two grades are two
different nominal sizes that are split into the smaller diameter and larger diameter of the range. Deciding
on which grade of A354 bolt to use in a project involves determining the design, stresses, and service for
which the fasteners are used. Of the two grades within the A354 callout the BD type is higher in strength
than the BC. The type that A354 BD is most similar to is ASTM A490 bolts although the A354 are more
desirable and flexible as they are unrestricted by their configuration.

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 Material Selection Guide | 6

Alloy 600-800 (Inconel® 600-800 Series)

This nickel-iron-chromium material is ideal for applications requiring high strength at high temperatures
and resistance to oxidation, carburization, and other forms of high-temperature corrosion. The 800
series is widely used for furnace components, petrochemical furnace cracker tubes, pigtails and
headers, and sheathing for electric heating elements, while the 600 series is commonly used in heaters,
stills, bubble towers and fatty acid processing condensers, evaporator tubes, tube sheets, and more.

ASTM A449
ASTM A449 is a quenched or tempered steel material used in hex headed bolts, rods, and anchor bolts.
These fasteners are used in standard engineering applications. Diameters for ASTM A449 bolts range
range from 1/4 inch through 3 inches. Minimum tensile strengths range from 120 ksi for diameters 1.0
inch and smaller, 105 ksi for diameters over 1.0 inch to 11⁄2 inch, and 90 ksi for diameters 1 3⁄4 inch. to
3.0 inch. ASTM A449 is virtually identical to ASTM A325 and SAE J429 grade 5 in regards to chemistry
and strength. The reason ASTM A449 is often times a more viable solution is because it is more flexible
for larger diameters and isn’t confined by specific configurations. ASTM A449 has different types within
itself. Type 1 and Type 3 (Weathering Steel) are designated by unique markings on the head.

ASTM A490
A higher strength version of ASTM A325 hex bolts, ASTM A490 bolts
are intended for structural applications which means they are not
only of a stronger grade but also feature shorter threaded lengths
of the bolt to avoid interference with the joint. There are now two
different types of grades for both Imperial and Metric ASTM A490
bolts which are Type 1 and Type 3 (Weathering Steel) as indicated by
varying grade identification markings on the bolt heads. Type 2 was
withdrawn from the specification in 2002.

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 Material Selection Guide | 7

Silicon Bronze (Durium/Everdur®)

Silicon bronze is the broader term for a copper-silicon alloy manufactured
under different alloys (651 & 655) based on trade names. Common
reference trade names include Durium and Everdur® brands. Silicon
Bronze bolts are often recommended for use in electrical power distribution
applications in order to keep the thermal coefficient of expansion the same
as what’s found in busbar/bussbar material.

Aluminum
Aluminum is a light, high-strength, ductile, electrically and thermally conductive, corrosion resistant,
easy to form, and recyclable metal suitable for a range of applications in aerospace, automotive,
marine, rail, energy, and other industries. Aluminum fasteners are an alloy, fabricated from a mixture
of manganese, iron, silicon, zinc, and copper to increase the strength of the products while also raising
the melting point. Most of our Aluminum fasteners are manufactured domestically and readily available
which helps make them a cost-effective approach to a project.

To learn more about our products please visit our

website or contact us for more information.

4808 SUNRISE DRIVE, MARTINEZ, CA 94553

TOLL FREE: (855)532-2658 • WWW.GLASERBOLT.COM