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WAR
prisoners, and declarations of war and peace; e.g.
Geneva Convention.
Mixed war. A mixed war is one which is made on
one side by public authority, and on the other by
mere private persons.
Perfect war. Where whole nation is at war with
another whole nation, but when the hostilities are
limited as respects places, persons, and things, the
war is termed "imperfect war." Bas v. Tingy, 4 U.S.
(Dall.) 37, 40, 1 L.Ed. 731.
Private war. One between private persons, lawfully
exerted by way of defense, but otherwise unknown in
civil society.
PublJc war. Every contention by force, between two
nations, in external matters, under the authority of
their respective governments. Prize cases, 2 Black
~' 17 L.Ed. 459.
SoltmJn war. A war made in form by public declara-
tion; a war solemnly declared by one state against
another. Bas v. Tingy, 4 U.S. (Dall.) 37, 40, 1 L.Ed.
731.
War clauses. Art. I, § 8 (Clauses 11-16) U.S.Const.,
provides, inter alia, that Congress shall have power to
declare war, and raise and support military forces.
See War power.
War crimes. Crimes committed by countries in viola-
tion of the international laws governing wars. At
Nuremberg after World War II, crimes committed by
the Nazis were so tried.
Ward. Guarding, caring, protecting.
A division of a city or town for elections, police,
and other purposes. A person, especially a child, or
incompetent, placed by the court under the care of a
guardian. A corridor, room, or other division of a
prison, hospital, or asylum.
See GuardIan; Guardianship.
Wardage. Money paid and contributed to watch and
ward.
Ward-horn. In old English law, the duty of keeping
watch and ward, with a horn to blow upon any
occasion of surprise.
Ward-fegh. Sax. In old records, ward-fee; the value
of a ward, or the money paid to the lord for his
redemption from wardship.
Ward-in-chancery. An infant who is under the super-
intendence of the chancellor.
Ward-mote. In English law, a court kept in every
ward in London, commonly called the "ward-mote
court," or "inquest."
Ward-penny. In old English law, money paid to the
sheriff or castellains, for the duty of watching and
warding a castie.
Wardship. In military tenures, the right of the lord to
have custody, as guardian, of the body and lands of
the infant heir, without any account of profits, until
he was twenty-one or she sixteen. In socage the
guardian was accountable for profits; and he was not
the lord, but the nearest relative to whom the inheri-
tance could not descend, and the wardship ceased at
fourteen. In copyholds, the lord was the guardian,
~
~ #,~Ed /i/ 0'1
1420
but was perhaps accountable for profits. See 2 Bl.
Conun. 67.
Wardship in chivalry. An incident to the tenure of
\ knight-service.
Wardship in copyhoJds. The lord is guardian of his
infant tenant by special custom.
Wards of admiralty. Seamen are sometimes thus
designated, because, in view of their general improvi-
dence and rashness, and though they are not techni-
cally incapable of contracting, their contracts are
treated like those of fiduciaries and beneficiaries, and
if there is any inequality in terms or any dispropor-
tion in the bargain or any sacrifice of rights of sea-
men which are not compensated by extraordinary
benefits, the judicial interpretation of the transaction
is that the bargain is unjust and that pro tanto, the
bargain ought to be set aside as inequitable. See
Garrett v. Moore-McCormack Co., Pa., 317 U.S. 239,
63 S.Ct. 246, 251, 87 L.Ed. 239.
Wards of court. Infants and persons of unsound
mind. Davis' Committee v. Loney, 290 Ky. 644, 162
S.W.2d 189, 190. Their rights must be guarded jeal-
ously. Montgomery v. Erie R. Co., C.C.A.N.J., 97
F.2d 289, 292. See Guardianship.
Ward-staff. In old records, a constable's or watch-
man's staff.
Ward-wit. In old English law, immunity or exemp-
tion from the duty or service of ward, or from con-
tributing to such service. Exemption from amerce-
ment for not finding a man to do ward.
Warda /w6~/. L. Lat. In old English law, ward;
guard; protection; keeping; custody. A ward; an
infant under wardship.
Warden. A guardian; a keeper. Person in primary
charge of prison. This is the name given to various
officers.
Warden of the clDque ports /w6rdan ev & sigk p6rts/.
In English law, the title of the governor or presiding
officer of the Cinque Ports (q. v.).
Wards and Hverles. In English law, the title of a court
of record, established in the reign of Henry VIII. See
Court of Wards and Uverles.
Warectare /womkteriy /. L. Lat. In old English law,
to fallow ground; or plow up land (designed for
wheat) in the spring, in order to let it lie fallow for
the better improvement.
Warehouse. Structure used for the reception and stor-
age of goods and merchandise. Carter v. Bauman,
C.C.A.Cal., 19 F.2d 855, 856. The term may include
any structure used to hold goods, stores or wares
temporarily or for a length of time. In re Miller Land
& Livestock Co., D.C.Mont.. 56 F.Supp. 34, 35.
Warehouse book. A book used by merchants to con-
tain an account of the quantities of goods received,
shipped, and remaining in stock.
Warehouseman One engaged in business of receiving
and storing goods of others for compensation or prof-
it; person who receives goods and merchandise to be
stored in his warehouse for hire; one who, as a
busmess and for hire, keeps and stores goods of