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Lecture 7-2 Class Examples Solutions
Lecture 7-2 Class Examples Solutions
7‐2
Problem 1
A vertical heating plate (30 cm H x 50 cm W), 65oC is exposed to air at 21oC. Rate of heat loss from
one side of the plate?
Calculation procedure:
1. Calculate film temperature Tf = (Tair + Tplate)/2
2. Calculate/find physical properties of air @ Tf:
1 T 0.00316 K 1
pM RT 1.118 kg / m3
1.923x105 Pa.s
k 0.0276 W / m.K
3. Grashof & Prandtl numbers
Cp 2 g T H 3
Pr 0.701 Gr 1.24 x10 8
k 2
Note: The relevant length parameter here is the height of the plate, as the convection is in
the upwards direction.
4. Nusselt number
Ra L GrL Pr 8.73x10 7
Nu L hL k ‐‐> h = 5.247 W/m2.K
Q hAT0 T1 =34.6 W
Problem 2
Determine the surface temperature of a cylindrical tank (0.75 m Diameter, 1.2m high), which
contains a transformer immersed in an oil bath, producing a uniform surface temperature condition.
All heat loss from the surface may be assumed to be due to natural convection to surrounding air at
295 K. The heat dissipation rate from the transformer is constant at 1.5 kW.
qtotal qtop qside qbottom htop Atop hbottom Abottom hside Aside T 295
Nu k
With h , we get:
LC
Nu k
Aside T 295
Nubottom k Nu side k
qtotal top Atop Abottom
L LC ,bottom LC ,side
C ,top
D 2 4
For top and bottom surfaces, LC A P D 4 . So, LC ,top LC ,bottom =0.1875 m
D
Nutop
qtotal 0.442 Nubottom 0.442 Nu side 2.83k T 295
0.1875 0.1875 1.2
To estimate Nu, we need film temperature (Ts + Tair)/2.
Take first guess of Ts, then trial & error!
Guess Ts = 385 K ‐‐> Tf = (385+295)/2 = 340 K
For air @ Tf: v = 1.955 x 10‐5 m2/s; k = 0.0293 W/m.K;a = 2.8x10‐5 m2/s; Pr = 0.699;
1
0.002941
Tf
Calculation steps:
g 3
1. Grashof number at the side of the cylinder: Grside L T 11.7 x10 9
2
2. Check D/L (to see if the side of the cylinder can be treated as a vertical plate)
35
D L 0.65 ‐‐> True, so we can use vertical plate formula
11.7 x109
2
0.387 Ra1L 6
0.825 8 27
3. Calculate Nuside: Nu side where RaL = Grside Pr
1 0.492 Pr
9 16
Nuside = 236.5
g
4. Calculate Nutop: Nutop 0.15Ra1L 3 where Ra L Grtop Pr LC 3 T Pr and
2
Nutop = 47.3
5. Calculate Nubottom: Nu bottom 0.27 Ra L
14
Nubottom = 20.2
6. Solve for T:
Nu top
qtotal 1500W 0.442 Nubottom 0.442 Nu side 2.83k T 295
0.1875 0.1875 1.2
T = 366.4 K
7. Re‐do calculation with the new surface (and film) temperature.