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    79 26 PDF

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    Eve] Title no. 79-26 ala =i Ductility in Earthquake Resisting Squat Shearwalls by T. Paulay, M. J. N. Priestley, and A. J. Synge The possibilities of achieving an acceptable level of energy dissipa- tion in squat shearwalls, mainly by flexural yielding, are examined. Mechanisms of flexural and shear resistance are reviewed with en phasis on aspects of sliding shear. The response of four test walls with rectangular or flanged cross sections 10 simulated seismic load: ing is discussed. Detrimental effects of sliding shear are demon- strated together with improvement achieved by use of diagonal wall reinforcement. 11 is postulated that critical parameters of sliding shear during inelastic selsmic response are ductility demand, vertical web reinforcement in providing dowel shear resistance, and aspect ratio hy/ty. The aspect ratio may be expressed by the magnitude of neutral axis depth relative to wall length. Approaches for determin- ing desirable amount of diagonal shear reinforcement 10 control sliding and necessary horizontal shear reinforcement 10 prevent di- agonal tension failure are presented. It is postulated that with suit- ably arranged diagonal wall reinforcement a predominantly flexural response mode with good energy dissipating characteristics can be ‘achieved in squat shearwall Keywords: compressive stength; damping capacity: diagonal tension: duet iy ea ‘rusts; flnuralsiength;load-detletion curve: feinforced concrete: reinforcing steels; shear stength; shearwalls:sifnes; Role of squat shearwalls ‘Squat shearwalls with a height h, to length &, ratio of less than 2 find wide application to seismic load resis- tance of low-rise buildings. They are also used in high- rise structures where they may make a major contri- bution to lateral load resistance when extending only over the first few stories above foundation level. Squat shearwalls may be divided into three categories on the basis of their response characteristics. 1, Blastic walls: In low-rise buildings the potential strength of squat shearwalls may be so large that a fully elastic response can be expected during the largest likely earthquake in the locality. 2. Rocking walls: In many cases squat shearwalls may provide primary lateral load resistance while sup- porting comparatively little vertical load. In such cases the wall’s lateral load-resisting capacity may be limited by simple statics to overturning capacity unless tension piles are provided or a stiff foundation member links the wall to adjacent structural elements. A feasible though largely untested design approach’ allows such ACI JOURNAL / July-August 1982 walls to rock on specially designed foundations, pro- viding a somewhat greater wall strength for a lateral load than that corresponding with overturning or rock- ing. This insures elastic action in the wall. 3. Ductile walls: In many cases squat walls, with foundations of adequate strength to prevent overturn- ing, may not practically be designed to respond clast- ically to design level ground shaking. In such cases considerable ductility may need to be developed. This third category of squat walls is discussed in this paper. These walls occur in low-rise buildings where a few walls must resist total horizontal inertia force on a building without a rocking mechanism. In multistory framed buildings the major portion of seismic shear force may need to be transferred from frames to shear- walls that extend only a few stories above foundation level. Flexural response and reinforcement distribution Even though the plane sections hypothesis will be vi- olated in squat shearwalls, particularly those with small aspect ratios (h,/é), significance at ultimate flexural capacity, when most reinforcement is at yield and therefore independent of strain, will not be high. Con- sequently, the standard approach used for predicting flexural strength is likely to be satisfactory for design Purposes. ‘Assumptions that form the basis of routine flexural strength derivations are shown with respect to a flanged wall section in Fig. 1. Error resulting from as- suming that bars situated close to the neutral axis yield in tension or compression is offset by relatively early onset of strain hardening of bars near the extreme ten- sion fiber, resulting from small neutral axis depth (Fig. D. Received June 15, 1981, and reviewed under Inatitte publication policies. copyright ©1982, American Concrete lostiute. Al ight reserved, including ‘he’ mabing of copes unless permasion is obtained from the copyright pro ‘stor. Pestnent discussion wll be published be the May-June 1983 ACI Toons if secelved by Feb I, 983 002-8061/2/040287-13 82:50 257 T. Pauly, FACI sa professor of evil engineering a! the University of Can terbury, Christchurch, New Zealand, and author of numerous papers on shear strength of beams and sbearwals and also design of earthquake resistant rein- Torced concrete buildings. He ie aso the cosuthor of Reinforced Concrete Strustures. Dr Pauay is « member of joint ACL-ASCE Committe 45, Shear and Tosson, and ACI Commitie 42, Response of Concrete Buildings 10 Li ral Forces. (MJ. N. Prestey was in charge of the structural research laboratories ofthe [New Zealand Minkiry of Works and Development before olng she Univer sy of Camerbury, Christchurch, New Zealand, at 4 reader. Dr. Priestey’s research, which hae been widely published, fe veered to presiesed concrete, thermal effects in concrete bridge water-tetainng seuctures, and earihquake resistance in bridges, masoary structures, and building Frames A. J. Synge obiained his ME degree from the University of Canterbury, Civinchureh, New Zealand, Presently he isa assitant engineer inthe bridge b (6a) or m=1+(2b~ o/bwhenc

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