Subh e Baharan PDF

01 02

fz;kdp ehafk;
md;dtu;fs; $wpdhu;fs;: ahu; Kd;dpiyapy; vd; ngau;

$wg;gl;L mtu; vd; kPJ ]ythj; Xjtpy;iyNahmtu; xU Ju;g;ghf;fparhypNa.

ugPcd;E}upd; gd;dpnuz;lhtJ ehsd;W kf;fkh efupNy

]a;apjJdh Mkpdh
mtu;fspd; ,y;yj;jpypUe;J

xU Ngnuhsp gpufhrpj;jJ. mt;nthspahdJ mizj;J

tpbfhiy tre;jk; cyifAk; gpufhrpf;fr; nra;jJ.

mOJ Gyk;gpf; nfhz;bUe;j kdpj eadq;fs; vjpu;ghu;j;j

]ythj;jpd; rpwg;G J}Jj;Jt kd;du;> egpjJ ; t Nte;ju;> mUl;nfhilapd; fUT+yu;>

mwnewpfspd; KO tbthdtu;> my;yh`; ug;Gy; ,];]j;jpd;
fz;kdp ehafk;
md;dtu;fs; $wpdhu;fs; md;G Neru;>kdpjj;Jt eyd; tpUk;Gk; khegp

vtnuhUtu; vd;kPJ gj;J jlitfs; ]ythj; $WthNuh md;dtu;fs; mizj;Jyfpw;Fk; mUshf ,k;kz;ZyfpNy
my;yh`{jMyh mtu;kPJ E}W u`;kj;Jfis ,wf;F
mtjupj;jhu;fs;.
fpd;whd;.
tho;j;Jf;fs; ,Wjpj;J}ju; tUif je;jhu;fs;.

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<Uyfj;jpw;Fk; mUl;nfhilahf tUif je;jhu;fs;.

Gdpj ugPcd;E}upd }upd; khjk; te;J tpl;lhy; NghJk; vy;yh
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jpirfspypUe; J k; tre; j f; f hw; W tP R fpd; w J. ,d; D apu; tpbfhiy tre;jk;
K];j/gh
md;dtu;fspd; mu;g;gzpg;ghsu;f

spilNa kfpo;r;rp nts;sk; ngUf;nfLj;J XLfpd;wJ. egpkhu; f Sf; F Kj; j piuahdtu; > <Uyf mUshsu; >
ghtpfis gupe;Jiu nra;gtu;> vopNahu;fspd; Ve;jyu;> ug;Gy;

tNahjpguhfl; L k; > thypguhfl; L k; xt; n thU cz; i k
K];ypKk; cs;sj;jpd; ehtpypUe;J $Wfpd;whd;........

MykPdpd; md;gpw;Fupatu;> Neu;ikf;F vLj;Jf;fhl;lhdtu;>

md;dtu;fs; Jd;GWk; ,jaq;fis ,jkhf;f
cdJ Mapuk; ngUehl;fspd; FJ}fyk;
ugPcd;E}upd; gd;dpnuz;lhk; ehsd;W tpbfhiy NtiyapNy
xU ugPcy; mt;ty; kPJ mu;g;gzk;
,t;Tyfpw;F tUif je;jhu;fs;. te;J Mjutw;wtu;fSf;F
,g;yPi]j;jtpu cyfj;jpy; midtUk;

MjuTje;J> NtjidAilNahu;fSf;F itfiw je;J>

kfpo;r;rp nfhz;lhLfpd;wdu;. gytPdu;fSf;F gyj;ij je;J> Nfhilapd; khiyia

tre;jj;jpd; tpbfhiyahf;fp tpl;lhu;fs;.
gpugQ;rj;jpy; epuhfupj;jy;> ,izitj;jy;> nfhLik>
muh[fk;> vDk; fLk; ,Us; #o;e;J ,Ue;jJ. mg;NghJ K];ypk;fNs! tpbfhiy tre;jj;jpd; tho;j;Jf;fs;

E}iu nghope;j thNu ngUkhdhu; tUif je;jhu;fs;.

03 04
K];jgh md;dtu;fs; etpd;Ws;shu;fs;: ahUf;F Kd;dhy; vd; ngau; $wg;gl;L

mz;zy; egp md;dtu;fs; $wpdhu;fs;: ahu; vd; kPJ fhiyapYk; khiyapYk; gj;J gj;J

jlitfs; ]ythj; XJfpwhNuh mtUf;F fpahkehsd;W vdJ \/ghmj; fpilf;Fk;. mtu; vd;kPJ ]ythj; Xjtpy;iyNah mtu; mePjk; ,ioj;Jtpl;lhu;.

!

mit mtu;fSila nry;t> nropgG
; midj;ijAk; tpl NkyhdJ.

my;yh`{ mf;gu; !my;yh`{jMyhtpd; mUspd; kPJ
mw;Gjq;fs;
kfpo;r;rp nfhz;lhl jpUf;Fu;MNd fl;lisapLfpwJ. NkYk;
ekJ md;gpw;Fupa Nfhkhd;

md;dtu;fis
ugPcd;E}upd; gd;dpnuz;lhk; ehs; my;yh`; tpd;
tpl Nkyhd VjhtJ NguUs; xd;W ,Uf;fpwjh? ghUq;fs;

jpUnthsp
md;dtu;fspd; mtjupg;G Vw;gl;l
Gdpjj; jpUf;Fu;Md; vt;tsT njspthf mwptpf;fpwJ.
clNd me;jfhu Nkfq;fs; mfd;Wtpl;ld. <uhd; kd;dupd;
fp]; u h mur khspifapNy G+fk; g k; tpise; J tpl; l J. ju;[{kh fd;[{y; <khd; :-

gjpdhd;F tisaq;fs (ARCH) tPo;e;Jtpl;ld. Mapuk; ehk; cq;fis mizj;Jyfj;jpw;Fk;

tUlq;fshf vupe;Jf; nfhz;bUe;j <uhdpd; jPf;Fz;lk; mUshfNt md;wp mDg;gtpy;iy.

mize;Jtpl;lJ. ]hth vDk; ejp tw;wptpl;lJ. f/ghTf;F iyyJy; fj;iu tpl rpwe;j ,uT
cw; r hfk; gpwe; J tpl; l J. NkYk; fw; r piyfs; Fg; G w ò;uj; ]a;apJdh N\f; mg;Jy; `f; K`j;jp];

tpOe;Jtpl;ld. nj`;ytp mtu;fs; mwptpf;fpwhu;fs; : epr;rakhf

cj;jk egp
md;dtu;fs; gpwe;j ,uT iyyJy;

cq;fsJ tuitf;fz;L igj;Jy;yh`; gzpe;J epd;wJ.
fj; u ; ,uitpl kpfTk; rpwe; j jhFk; . Vndd; w hy; kP y hj;
cq;fsJ mr;rj;jhy; fw;rpiyfs; eLeLq;fp tPo;e;jd. (cjajpd),uthdJ kjPdj;J khkd;du;

!

md;dtu;fs; ,t;Tyfpw;F tUifj;je;j ,uthFk;. Mdhy;

iyyJy; fj;u; khegp
md;dtu;fSf;F mUsg;
ngUkhdhu;
md;dtu;fs; ,t;Tyfpw;F
gl;l ,uthFk;. ve;j ,uT kyf;Ffspd; tUifiaf;
mUl;nfhilahfTk;> fUizf;flyhfTk; tUif je;Js;
nfhz;L rpwg;ghf;fg;gl;lNjh me;j rpwg;ghf;fg;gl;l ,uit
shu; f s; . NkYk; epr; r akhf my; y h`{jMyhtpd; tpl fz;kdp ehafk;
md;dtu;fspd; %yk;

mUl;nfhil ,wq;fpa jpdk; kpfTk; kfpo;r;rpaspf;ff;$ba rpwg;ghf;fg;gl;l ,uNt NkyhdjhFk;.
jpdkhFk;. my;yh`{jMyh $Wfpwhd;.

ngUehl;fSf;nfy;yhk; ngUehs;

my;`k;Jypy;yh`; ugPcd;D}u; khjj;jpd; gd;dp
ju;[{kh fd;]{y; <khd;:-
nuz;lhk; ehs; K];ypk;fSf;F ngUehl;fSf;nfy;yhk;
eP q ; f s; $Wq; f s; > my; y h`{jMyhtpd; mUisAk; > mtd;
fUiziaAk;> mtw;iw nfhz;L mtu;fs; kfpo;r;rp ngwl;Lk;> ngUehshFk;. epr;rakhf ekJ jiytu; ehaff; Nfhkhd;

05 06

khegp md;dtu;fs; $wpdhu;fs;: ahu; vd; kPJ nts;spf;fpoik ehspy;
K];jgh md;dtu;fs; etpd;Ws;shu;fs;: ahUf;F Kd;dhy; vd; ngau;
]ythj; XJfpd;whNuh fpahkehsd;W ehd; mtUf;F \/ghmj; nra;Ntd;. $wg;gl;L mtu; vd;kPJ ]ythj; Xjtpy;iyNah mtu; mePjk; ,ioj;Jtpl;lhu;.
md; d tu; f s; midtUf; F k; mjpgjpahf

K];ypKk; kPyhJk;
cjakhftpy; i ynad; w hy; ve; j nthU ngUehSk;
,e; j upthaj; i jf; nfhz; L ]a; a pJdh N\f;
ngUehshf ,Uf;fhJ. ve;jnthU ,uTk; Gdpj ,uthf
mg; J y; `f; K`j; j p]; nj`; y tp mtu; f s;
(guhmj; j hf) mikahJ. mfpyj; j pd; capu; e hbahd>
<Uyfj;jpw;Fk; u`;kj;jhd> kp/uh[py; my;yh`; it mwptpf; f pwhu; f s; . ,e; j rk; g tj; j pNy kP y hj; \uP g ;

fz;ltu;fshd> my;yh`; tpd; k`;G+g;
nfhz;lhLgtu;fSf;F khngUk; Mjhuk; cs;sJ. vtu;fs;
ngUkhdhu;
md;dtu;fspd; gpwe;j jpdj;jpNy

md;dtu;fSila fhyb J}rpapd; nghUl;lhy; jhd; cyfk;
re; N jh\k; nfhz; l hLfpwhu; f Nsh> gzk; nrytopf;
KOf;f ,e;j ngUkpjk; Nfhyhfykhf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
fpwhu; f Nsh mjhtJ mG+yìgg; Nghd; w xU fh/
md;dtu;fs; ,y;yhjpUe;jhy; xd;Wkpy;iy>
gpuhdtd; mz;zyhu;
md;dtu;fs; gpwe;j
md;dtu;fs; ,y;iynad;why; xd;Wkpy;iy-
nra;jpiaf; Nfl;L> re;Njh\k; mile;J jdJ mbikg;
md;dtu;fs; cyfpw;F capu;ehbahFk; ngz; z hd ]{itghit ghY}l; L tjw; f hf tpLjiy

capu;ehb ,Ue;jhy;jhd; cyfk; ,Uf;Fk;;. nfhLj; j jd; fhuzkhf $yp ngw; W s; s hd; vd; w hy;

md; d tu; f Sila kP y hjpw; f hf re; N jh\kilfpd; w >
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gzj; i j nrytopf; f pd; w xU K]; y pKila epiy
mG+y`g; ,we;j gpd;dhy; mtd; FLk;gj;jpdu;fs; mtd; vd;dthf ,Uf;Fk;..?

kpfTk; f\;lj;jpy; ,Ug;gij fdtpy; fz;ldu;. vd;d
Mdhy; kPyhj; \uP/gpd; ,j;jifa epfo;r;rpfspy; ghl;L>
MdJ vd; W Nfl; l jw; F cq; f isg; gpupe; J vdf; F
ve;jnthU eyTkpy;iy. vdf; $wptpl;L jdJ ngUtpuypd; ,ir epfo;r;rp Nghd;wij jLg;gJ mtrpakhFk;.

fPo; cs;s Xl;ilapd; gf;fk; irf;fpid nra;jtdhf

mbikg; ngz;zhd ]{itghit tpLjiy nra;j ,e;j kPyhj; tpohit Muthukhf nfhz;lhLq;fs;

tpuypy; ,Ue;Nj vdf;F jz;zPuf ; pilf;fpwJ vdf; $wpdhd;.
,dpikahd ,];yhkpa rNfhju;fNs ! kPyhj; tpohit

ò;uj; my;yhkh gj;Uj;jPd; ma;dp mtu;fs; kdKte; J nfhz; l hLq; f s; . mG+yìgg; N ghd; w fh/
gpUf;Fk; md;dtu;fspd; gpwg;igf; nfhz;L re;Njh\k;

mwptpf;fpwhu;fs;. ,e;j irf;fpidapd; mu;j;jk;
mile; j jw; f hf ntFkjp fpilj; j njd; w hy; > ehNkh
vd;dntd;why; mjhtJ vdf;F nfhQ;rk; jz;zPu;jhd;
my;`k;Jypy;yh`; K];ypk;fs;. mG+y`ghdtd;
toq;fg;gLfpwJ vd;gjhFk;.

my;yh`; tpd; u]{y; vd;w vz;zj;jpy;

07 08

mz; z y; egp md; d tu; f s; $wpdhu; f s; : vd; kP J ]ythj; XJtij
]ythj; XJfpd;whNuh fpahkehsd;W ehd; mtUf;F \/ghmj; nra;Ntd;. mjpfg;gLj;Jq;fs;> epr;rakhf ,J cq;fSf;F gupRj;jkhFk;
kfpo; r ; r p milatpy; i y. khwhf rNfhjuupd; kfd; %d;W nfhbfs; el;lg;gl;lij ehd; ghu;j;Njd; xd;W

vd;gjw;;fhf kfpo;r;rp mile;jhd;. MdhYk; mtDf;F fpof;fpNy>,uz;lhtJ Nkw;fpNy> %d;whtJ f/gJy;yh`;

ntFkjp fpilj;jJ. ehNkh my;yh`; tpd; jpUg; tpd; $iwapNy mg;NghJ mz;zy; egp

nghUj;jw;jpw;fhf jiytu; Nfhkhd;
m d ;

md;dtu;fs; mtjupj;jhu;fs;.
dtu;fspd; cjajpd kfpo;it nfhz;lhLNthNk ahdhy;
[pg;uPNy mkPd; nfhbia el;bdhu;fs; f/ghtpd; $iwapNy

vg;gb ew;ghf;fpak; fpl;lhky; Ngha;tpLk;?
mu;\; tiu nfhb gwe;jJ cjajpdj;jpNy
Mkpdhtpd; tPl;by; ]a;apJy; mg;uhu; tUif je;jdu;

ftiy nfhz;ltu;fNs re;Njh\k; milAq;fs;
nfhbAld; Cu;tyk;

ftiy jPu;g;gtu; te;Jtpl;ldu;
u`;kJy;ypy; MykPd;
md;dtu;fs; Gdpj
kjPdhit Nehf;fp `p[;uj; nra;J kjPdhtpd; mUfpNy

!

“GfkPk;” vDk; Ciu mile;jNghJ BGiujh m];ykp

vd;gtu; gzP]`k; Nfhj;jpuj;jhupd; vOgJ gilfisj;
kPyhj; nfhz;lhLgtu;fNshL khegp
jpul;bf; nfhz;L ngUkhdhu;
md;dtu;fis

md;dtu;fs; kfpo;r;rp milfpwhu;fs;.; ! ifJ nra;a te;jhu;>Mdhy; fz;kdp ehafk;

md; d tu; f spd; mUs; ghu; i tahy; > md; d

xU Mypk; ]h`pg; mtu;fs;
tu; f spd; md; g pNy ifjhfp midtUNk ,]; y hkpa
mwptpf;fpwhu;fs;. my;`k;Jypy;yh`; ehd; fz;kdp ehafk;
md;dtu;fis fdtpy; fz;L ahu#yy;yh`;!

nfhs;ifia Vw;W K];ypkhf khwptpl;ldu;. gpd;G mtu;fs;
ahu]{yy;yh`;!
kjPdh Kdt;tuh

xt; n thU tUlKk; K]; y pk; f s; jhq; f
efuj;jpNy jhq;fs; gpuNtrk; nfhbAlNdNa
Sila kPyhij nfhz;lhLtij jhq;fs; tpUk;GfpwPu;fsh?
,Uf;fNtz;Lk; vd;W $wp jiyg;ghifia fyl;b xU
vd;W Nfl;Nld;.mjw;F mz;zyhu;
md;dtu;fs;
jpUTskhdhu;fs;: “ahu; ek;ikf; nfhz;L kfpo;r;rp mil <l;bapNy fl;b kjPdj;J khNte;juhd> ,jaj;jpw;F ,jkhd
khegp
md;dtu;fSf;F Kd;Nd nrd;whu;.

fpwhu;fNsh ehk; mtiuf; nfhz;L kfpo;r;rp milfpNwhk;.”

cjajpd kfpo;tpNy nfhbfs; ,iwtdpd; k`;G+g; tUif jUfpwhu;fs; ,d;W

]a;apjJdh Mkpdh
mtu;fs; mwptpf;fpwhu;fs;. egpkhu;fspd; jiytu; tUif jUfpwhu;fs;

09 10
mz;zy; egp md;dtu;fs; $wpdhu;fs;: ahu; vd; kPJ gj;J Kiw ]ythj;
mz;zy; egp md;dtu;fs; etpd;Ws;shu;fs;: ePq;fs; vq;fpUe;jhYk; vd; kPJ
]ythj; $Wq;fs;> Vnddpy; cq;fs; ]ythj; vd;id te;jilfpd;wJ. XJfpwhNuh my;yh`; mtupd; kPJ E}W u`;kj;Jf;fis mUSfpd;whd;.
xJf;fp mjid jPDila Ntiyfspy; nryT nra;a cWjp
VNdh #oy; kdkdf;fpwJ
nfhz;lhy; .......) ugPcd;E}u; khjk; cjakhdJNk ngUq;
VNdh tPl;Lf;FtPL n[hyp n[hypf;fpwJ
nfhz;lhl;lkhf mNj rkak; \uPmj;jpw;F cl;gl;L kPyhj;
Mkhk; ,iwtdpd; Neru; tUif jUfpwhu;fs;
tpohit mjptpkupirahf elj;jp te;jhu;. my;yh`{jMyh
ngUehl;fSf;nfy;yhk; ngUehs; te;jJ tpd; Neruhd fz;kdp ehafk;
md;dtu;fspd;

<]hNy rthGf;fhf epiwa fe;J}up nfhLj;jhu;. ey;y
,iwtdpd; mUis nfhz;L te;jJ
ey; y fhupaq; f spy; gzj; i j nrytopj; j hu; . mtupd;
thup toq;Fk; ty;yy; md;dtu;fs; tUif jUfpwhu;fs;
kidtpAk; mz;zyhu;
md;dtu;fs; kPJ
`{u;yPd;fs; egpGfo; ghlj; Jtq;fpdhu;fs;
mjpf Nerk; itj;jpUe;jhs;. mtSk; fztUld; Nru;e;J
`{u; kw;Wk; kyf;Ffspd; jiytu; tUif jUfpwhu;fs vy;yh fhupaq;fspYk; rk;G+u;zkhf cjtp nra;J te;jhs;.

mfpyj;jpd; mjpgjp egpkhu;fspd; jiytu; md;dtu;fs; mtu; kidtp xU ehs; ,we; J tpl; l hs; . MdhYk;

mtUila <Lghl;by; ve;jtpj khw;wKk; Vw;gltpy;iy.
Mkpdh ckJ tPl;Lf;F tUif jUfpwhu;fs;
fz;kdp ehafk;
md;dtu;fs; kPJ
mj;jhu; ,d;W Mde;jj;jpy; %o;fp cs;shu;fs; Jd;ahtpy;
mjpfkhf Nerk; itj;jpUe;j me;j ,g;uh`Pk; vd;gtu;
mtu;fspd; cs;sk; ftu;e;jtu;fs; tUif jUfpwhu;fs;
xU ehs; jdJ thypg kfid mioj;J t]pa;aj; nra;jhu;.

!

vd; md;G kfNd! ,d;wpuT ehd; kuzpj;J tpLNtd;.

vd;Dila KO nrhj;jhf Ik;gJ jpu;`k;fSk;> gj;njhd;gJ

kPyhj;tpoh nfhz;lhLk; FLk;gk; Kyk; JzpAk; cs;sJ. Jzpia vd;Dila fgDf;F

kjP d h Kdt; t uht pNy
uhtpNy fz;kdp gad;gLj;jp tpL> kPjp ,Uf;Fk; gzj;ijAk; Kbe;j msT

ehafk;

md;dtu;fs; kPJ msT fle;j Nerk; ey;y fhupaq;fspy; nryT nra; vd;W $wpa gpd; mtu;
fypkh ja;apghit Xjpdhu;. gpd;G mtupd; cliy tpl;Lk;

itj;j ,g;uh`Pk; vDk; xUtu; tho;e;J te;jhu;. mtu;
capu; gpupe;J tpl;lJ. je;ijapd; t]pa;aj; gpufhuk; kfd;
vg;NghJNk `yhyhd (MFkhd) up];ifNa rk;ghjpj;jhu;.
jdJ rk;ghj;jpaj;jpy; ghjp ghfj;ij kPyhj; nfhz;lhL mtiu mlf; f k; nra; J tpl; l hd; . ,g; n ghOJ Ik; g J

tjw;fhf Ntz;bNa jdpahf Nrkpj;J te;jhu;. (M`; ! jpu;`k;fisAk; ey;y fhupaq;fspy; vt;thW nrytopg;g

ehKk; ekJ rk;ghj;jpaj;jpy; ghjpia ,y;yhtpl;lhYk; njd;W mtDf;F Gupatpy;iy. mNj epidthf mtd;
,Ue;jNghJ mtDf;F cwf;fk; te;Jtpl;lJ. cwf;fj;jpNy
gd;dpnuz;L tPjkhtJ my;yJ xU tPjkhtJ kPyhjpw;fhf
mtd; xU fdT fz;lhd;. fdtpNy fpahkj; ehs; te;J

11 12

fz;kdp ehafk; md;dtu;fs; $wpdhu;fs; : ahUf;F Kd;dhy; vd; ngau; $wg;gl;L>
mz;zy; egp md;dtu;fs; etpd;Ws;shu;fs;: nts;spf;fpoik jpdk; ahu; vd; kPJ ,UE}W

mtu; vd; kPJ ]ythj; $wtpy;iyNah mtu; kdpju;fspNy kpfTk; fQ;rdhthd;. Kiw ]ythj; XJfpd;whNuh mtuJ ,UE}W Mz;L ghtq;fs; kd;dpf;fg;gLfpd;wd.
tpl;bUe;jJ. vy;NyhUNk eg;]P> eg;]P vd;W gupjtpj;Jf; $wpdhu;. mNjh rpk;khrdj;jpNy mku;e;jpUf;fpwhu;fNs

nfhz;bUe;jdu;. ghf;fparhypfs; Rtdj;ij Nehf;fp nrd;Wf; mtu; f s; jhd; Rtu; f ; f j; J g; ngz; k zpfspd; jiytp

nfhz;bUe;jdu;. Fw;wthspfis ,Oj;J> ,Oj;J eufj;jpd; ]a;apjJdh /ghj;jpkh z]`;uh &' () Mthu;fs;.kw;w

gf;fk; nrYj;jpf;nfhz;bUe;jdu;. ,td; jdpahf epd;W ehl;fhypfspy; mku;e;jpUg;gtu;fs; ]a;apjJdh fjP[Jy;
jtpj;Jf;nfhz;L mtDf;F vd;d jPu;g;G toq;fg;gLNkh Fg;uh>]a;apjJdh Map\h ehafp >]a;apjJdh ku;ak;>

vd;W gae;Jf;nfhz;bUe;jhd;. jpBnud kiwthd mruPup ]a; a pjJdh M]pah>]a; a pjJdh ]huh>]a; a pjJdh

xd;W Nfl;lJ. ,e;j thypgid Rtu;f;fj;jpw;F mDg;Gq;fs;. `h[uh> ]a;apjJdh uhgpah> ]a;apjJdh z]{igjh

vdNt me;j thypgd; kpfTk; re;Njh\j;Jld; Rtu;ff ; j;jpw;F % & ' () Mthu; f s; . mijf; Nfl; l mtd; kpfTk;

nrd;Wtpl;lhd;. Rtu;fj;jpNy re;Njh\khf miye;J jpupa kfpo;r;rp mile;jhd;. gpd;G mtd; NkYk; Kd;Ndwpr;
Muk;gpj;jhd;. VO tifahd Rtu;f;fj;ijAk; Rw;wpg;ghu;j;J nry;yyhdhd;. mq;Nf ,d;DnkhU fhl;rp njd;gl;lJ.

tpl;L mtd; vl;lhtJ Rtu;f;fj;ij mile;j NghJ mjd; khngUk; rpk;khrdk; xd;W mikf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ> mjpy;

fhtyhspahd upo;thd; "#$
mtu;fs; ugPcd;E}upd; khj kjPdj;J khNte;ju;> <Uyf mUshsu;> Nfs;tp fzf;F

j;jpNy ehafk;
md;dtu;fSila kPyhij ehspy; \/ghmj; nra;Ak; Ve;jy;> <Uyf ,ul;rfu;> my;yh`;
ahu; kpfTk; re;Njh\khf nfhz;lhbdhu;fNsh mtu;fs; tpd; `gPg;> m`;kNj Kf;jhu;
md;d

kl; L Nk ,e; j Rtu; f ; f j; j pNy Eioa KbAk; vd; W tu;fs; jkJ xspnghUe;jpa jpU Kfj;Jld; mq;Nf mku;e;

$wpdhu;fs;. mijf; Nfl;lJk; mtDila ngw;Nwhu;fs; jpUe;jhu;fs;. md;dtu;fis Rw;wpYk; ehd;F ehl;fhypfs;

(ku;`{ikd;) ,Nj Rtu;f;fj;jpy; jhd; ,Ug;ghu;fs; vd;W Nghlg;gl;bUe;jd. mitfspy; Fy/ghNa uh\pjPd;fs;
mtDf;F Njhd;wpaJ. mjw;Fs; xU rj;jk; Nfl;lJ “,e;j &' () mku;e;jpUe;jdu;. tyJ gf;fj;jpy; jq;f ehl;

thypgid cs;Ns tutpLq;fs;> mtDila ngw;Nwhu;fs; fhypfspy; rq;ifahd egpkhu;fs; "#$ &
mku;e;jpUe;jdu;>

mtid re;jpf;f tpUk;Gfpd;wdu;” vdNt mtd; cs;Ns ,lJ gf; f j; j py; fz; z pakpf; f \{`jhf; f s; mku; e ;

GFe;jhd;. mq;Nf mtd; fz;l fhl;rp mtDila jha; ;jpUe;jdu;. ,jw;fpilapy; kuzpj;j jd;Dila je;ij

nfs]u; vDk; ejpf;fUfpy; mku;e;jpUf;fpwhu;fs;. gf;fj;jp ,g;uh`Pk;>fz;kdp ehafk;
md;dtu;fSf;F
NyNa rpk; k hrdk; xd; W ,Ue; j J. mjpy; xU mjp mUfhikapy; $l;lj;Jld; mku;e;jpUg;gij fz;lhd;. jd;

Nkd; i kahd ngz; k dp mku; e ; j pUf; f pwhu; f s; . mtiu kfidg; ghu;j;jJk; je;ijahu; mtid khu;NghL Nru;j;J

Rw;wpYk; ehw;fhypfs; mikf;fg;gl;bUe;jd. mjpNy gy midj;Jf; nfhz;lhu;. mtd; kpfTk; re;Njh\k; mile;J

fk;gPukhd ngz;kzpfs; mku;e;jpUe;jdu;. ,td; thdtu; jdJ je;ijia Nehf;fp Nfl;fyhdhd;> vd; mUik
xUtiu Nfl;fyhdhd;> ,e;j ngz;kdpfs; ahu;? mtu; je;ijNa! jq;fSf;F ,e;j cau;e;j me;j];J vg;gb

13 14

mz;zy; egp md;dtu;fs; $wpdhu;fs;: vd; kPJ ]ythj; $Wq;fs;> fz;kdp ehafk; md;dtu;fs; $wpdhu;fs; : vd; kPJ mjpfkhf ]ythj; $Wq;fs;>
my;yh`; cq;fs; kPJ u`;kj; nghopthd;. epr;rakhf ePq;fs; vd; kPJ $Wk; ]ythj; cq;fSila ghtq;fSf;F kd;dpg;ghFk;.
fpilj;jJ ? mjw;F mtu; my;`k;Jypy;yh`; ,J mwptpf;fpwhu;fs;.fz;kdp ehafk;
md;dtu;fs;

kPyhij nfhz;lhbajw;fhd gpujpgyd; vd;W gjpyspj;jhu;. gpwe;j ,utpy; re;Njh\k; nfhz;lhLgtu;fSf;F fpilf;Fk;

mjw;f;Fg;gpd; me;j thypgd; tpopj;Jf; nfhz;lhd;. gpujpgyd; vd;dntd;why;>my;yh`{jMyh jdJ fUiz

fhiyapNyNa mtd; jd; tP l ; i l kpfTk; Fiwe; j iaf; nfhz;L [d;dhJd; e<kpy; Eioa itg;ghd;. K];ypk;
fs; Jtf;fj;jpypUe;Nj kPyhij nfhz;lhb tUfpwhu;fs;.

tpiyf;F tpw;Wtpl;lhd;. mtDila je;ij tpl;Lr; nrd;w
NkYk; gpwe;j jpd re;Njh\j;jpNy tpUe;Jfs; nfhLg;gtu;
Ik;gJ jpu;`k;fSld; jdJ gzj;ijAk; Nru;j;J tpUe;J
fshfTk;> rhg;ghL Vw;ghL nra;gtu;fshfTk;> ]jfhf;fSk;>
Vw;ghL nra;J> gy cykhf;fisAk;> Nguwpthsu;fisAk;
mioj;J tpUe;Jgrhuk; nra;jhd;. mtDila cs;sk; jhdjUkq; f Sk; nfhLg; g tu; f shfTk; > re; N jh\j; i j

Jd;ahit tpl;Lk; Nrhu;T mile;Jtpl;lJ. mjpfkhd ntspg; g Lj; J gtu; f shfTk; > kdk; jpwe; J nrytopg;
;gtu;fshfTk; NkYk; fz;kdp ehafk;

Neuj;ij gs;sp thrypNyNa ,ghjj; nra;tjpYk;> mjpy;
md;dtu;fs; gpwe;j jpdj;ij Qhgfk; nra;Ak; epfo;r;rpfis
gzptpil nra;tjpYk; <LgLj;jpdhd;. jdJ tho;tpd;
vQ;rpa Kg;gJ tUlq;fisAk; ,t;thNw fopf;fyhdhd;. Vw;ghL nra;tNjhL jdJ ,y;yq;fisAk; myq;fupf;fp

mtd; kuzpj;j gpd; mtid fztpy; fz;l xUtu; vd;d d; w hu; f s; . ,t; t hwhd ey; y tplaq; f spd; gufj; j hy;
,g;gbahd kdpju;fs; kPJ my;yh`; tpd; u`;kj;
ele; j J ? vd; W Nfl; f > “ehd;
ehd; kP y hij nfhz; l hb
,wq;f pf;nfhz;bUf;fpwJ.
FJ}fyk; mile;jjhy; Rtu;f;fj;jpNy vd; je;ij Ald;

,Uf;fpd;w ghf;fpaj;ij ngw;Wf;nfhz;Nld;” vd
gjpyspj; j hd; . a`{jpfSf;Fk; <khd; fpilj;Jtpl;lJ.

my;yh`; tpd; NguUs; mtu; kPJ nghspal;Lk;. mtupd; ò;uj; ]a;apJdh mg;Jy; th`pj; gpd; ,];khapy;
nghUl;lhy; ekJ ghtq;fs; kd;dpf;fg;gll;Lk;.

* +,)
mtu;fs; mwptpf;fpwhu;fs;. kp];upNy fz;kdp

ehafk;
md;dtu;fs; kPJ kpfTk; md;G

vdJ gl;Nlhiy ghtj;jhy; epuk;gp cs;sd nfhz;l xUtu; tho;e;J te;jhu;. mtu; xt;nthU ugPcd;
,iwth kd;dpj;jUs;thahf kPyhjpd; nghUl;lhy;. }upYk; ,iwj;J}ju;
md;dtu;fspd; gpwe;j
;E}upYk

jpdj;ij ntF tpkupirahf nfhz;lhLthu;. xU Kiw
!

ugPcd;E}u }u; khjj;jpNy gf;fj;jpy; trpf;Fk; A+jdpd; kidtp

kPyhj; tpoh nfhz;lhLtjd; ed;ik. jd; fztdplk; Nfl;lhs;. gf;fj;J tPl;L K];ypk; xt;nthU
tUlKk; ,e;j khjj;jpy; tpUe;Jgrhuk; Nghd;witfis

N\f; mg;Jy; `f; K`j;jp]; nj`;ytp mtu;fs;

15 16

Vd; Vw;ghL nra;fpwhu;fs;? mjw;F me;j A+jd; $wpdhd; kfpo;e;jtsha; ehd; xU K];ypk; ,y;iyNa! ,Ug;gpDk;

,e;j khjj;jpy; jhd; mtu;fSila egpfs; ehafk; ehafk;
md;dtu;fs; yg;igf gf; vd gjpyspj;

md;dtu;fs; gpwe;jhu;fs;> mjdhy; mtu;fs; jhu;fs;.gpd;G kjPdj;J Nfhkhd;
md;dtu;fs;

ehafk;
md; d tu; f s; gpwe; j jpdj; i j jpUTskhdhu;fs;. vdf;F my;yh`; tplkpUe;J “eP
nfhz;lhLfpwhu;fs; NkYk; K];ypk;fs; ,e;j khjj;ij xU K];ypkhfg; Nghfpwha; vd;gjhf” mwptpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

kpfTk; fz;zpag;gLj;Jfpwhu;fs;.mjw;F me;j A+jdpd; mijf; Nfl;lTld; cldbahf mts; $wpdhs; “epr;rakhf

kidtp $wpdhs;> K];ypk;fspd; topKiw vt;tsT ed;whf jhq;fs; rq;ifahd egpahfTk;> ew;FzKilatu;fshfTk;

cs;sJ.jq;fSila egpfs; ehafk;
md; ,Uf;fpd;wPu;fs;. ahu; jhq;fspd; nrhw;gb elf;ftpy;iyNah

dtu;fspd; gpwe;j jpdj;ij xt;nthU tUlKk; nfhz;lhL mtu;fs; ehrkhfp tpLthu;fs; NkYk; ahu; jhq;fspd;
fpwhu;fs;. ,t;thW $wp me;j me;j A+jg; ngz; md;wpuT me;j];ij Gupe;J nfhs;stpy;iyNah mtu;fs; epr;rakhf

gLf;iff;Fr; nrd;w NghJ mts; jiytpjpNa khwptpl;lJ. e\;lthspfs;” vd $wp \`hjj; fypkhit nkhope;jhs;.

mts; ,t;thW fdT fz;lhs; xU mofpa ngupahu; tUif gpd;G mtSf;F tpopg;G Vw;gl;L clNd mts; cz;ikahd

jUfpwhu; f s; . md; d tu; f is Rw; w pYk; kf; f s; $l; l k; cs; s j; N jhL K]; y pkhfptpl; l hs; . gpwF mts; jdJ
epuk;gpapUe;jJ.mts; Kd;Nd nrd;W xUtuplk; Nfl;lhs; midj;J nrhj;Jf;fisAk; my;yh`; tpd; ,dpa

,e;j ngupatu;fs; ahu;?mjw;F mtu; md;dtu;fs; jhd; Neruhd> ,d;Dapu; K];j/gh

md;dtu;

,Wjpj;J}ju;><Uyf mUshsu; K`k;kJu; u]{Yy;yh`; fspd; gpwe;j jpd tpohtpy; nrytopg;gjw;fhfTk; ,d;Dk;

Mthu;fs;. md;dtu;fs; ,q;Nf te;jpUf;Fk; epiwa tpUe;Jgrhuk; (fe;J}up) nra;tjw;fhfTk; epidj;Jf;
fhuzk; vd;ndntd;why;> cq;fs; gf;fj;J tPl;Lf;fhuuhd nfhz;lhs;. fhiyapy; ghu;j;jNghJ mtspd; fztd;

K];ypk; kPyhj; tpoh nfhz;lhLtjd; fhuzj;jhy; mt tpUe;J gilg;gjpy; Kk;Kukhf fhzg;gl;lhd;. mijf; fz;l

Uf;F ed;ikAk;> gufj;Jk; toq;fp mtiu re;jpj;J re;Njh mts; Mr; r upag; g l; l tshf mtdplk; “eP q ; f s; vd; d

\j;ij ntspg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf vd;W gjpyspj;jhu;. me;j nra;fpwPuf ; s;?” vd Nfl;lhs;. mtd; $wpdhd;. eP K];ypkhd

A+jg; ngz; kPz;Lk; Nfl;fyhdhs;> ehd; VjhtJ Nfl;lhy; re;Njh\j;jpy; jhd; ,e;j tpUe;Jgrhuj;ijr; nra;fpNwd;.
cq;fs; egp
md;dtu;fs; gjpyspg;ghu;fsh? mjw;F mts; “mJ cq;fSf;F vg;gb njupAk;?” vdf;

mtu; $wpdhu;> epr;rakhf gjpyspg;ghu;fs;>vdNt me;j Nfl;lhs;. mtd; gjpyspj;jhd;> ehDk; ,uT mz;zyhu;

A+jg; ngz;zhdts; ngUkhdhu;
md;dtu;

md; d tu; f spd; Kghuf; f hd fuq; f spy;

fis miof;fyhdhs;>clNd ehafk;
md;d <khd; nfhz;Ltpl;Nld;.
tu;fs; yg;igf; vd gjpyspj;jhu;fs;> mjw;F mts; kpfTk;
my;yh`; tpd; NguUs; mtu; kPJ nghspal;Lk;

17 18
mz;zy; egp md;dtu;fs; $wpdhu;fs;: ahu; vd; kPJ xU jlit ]ythj;

XJfpwhNuh my;yh`; mz;zy; egp md;dtu;fs; $wpdhu;fs;: ahu; vd; kPJ xU jlit ]ythj;
mtu; kPJ gj;J mUl;nfhilfis mUSfpd;whd;. XJfpwhNuh my;yh`; mtu; kPJ gj;J mUl;nfhilfis mUSfpd;whd;.
mtupd; nghUl;lhy; ekJ ghtq;fs; kd;dpf;fg;gll;Lk;. (ngUkhdhu;
md;dtu;fs; gpwe;j Neuk;)vjpu;g;

ghu;j;J> ]ythj;Jk; ]yhKk; ,d;Dk; ku;`gh ah K];j/

ghtpd; Kof;fq;fisf; Nfl;Fk; NghJk; mtupd; cs;sk;

ngUkhdhupd; tUif fz;L me;j fhuk; mfd;wJ khwptpl; l J. ed; i kapd; gf; f k; MirAk; > ghtj; i j
ntWf;Fk; Mu;tKk; Vw;gl;lJ. me;j Neuj;jpNyNa njhO

G+kpnad;d> thdnkd;d Rw;wpYk; gpufhrk; gbe;jJ
ifia NgZtjw;Fk;> jhb itg;gjw;Fk; epa;aj; itj;J

!

tpl;lhu;. cz;ikapy; njhOifahspahfTk;> jhb itj;j

j/tNj ,]; y hkp A k; kP y hj; tp o hTk;
tuhfTk; Mfptpl;lhu;. mNj Nghd;W mtuplk; xU nfl;l
my;`k;Jypy;yh`; gof;fKk; ,Ue;jJ. mij Fwpg;gpLtJ ey;yjy;y> kPyhj;

Fu;Md; Rd;dhitg; Nghjpf;fpd;w>
murpay; rhu;gw;w j/tNj ,];yhkpapy; kPyhj; tpoh ,[;jpkh
pkhtpd; gufj;jhy; my;`k;Jypy;yh`; mJTk;

nfhz;lhLk; tpjNkh jdpg;gl;l xU Kiwahf ,Uf;fpwJ. ePq;fptpl;lJ. NtnwhU thu;j;ijapy; nrhy;tjhdhy;> kPyhj;

cyfj;jpy; vj;jidNah ehLfspy; j/tNj ,];yhkpapd; ,[;jpkhtpy; fye;Jnfhz;l ghf;fpaj;jhy; ghtk; vDk;
jiyikapy; kPyhJd; egp
(gpwe;j jpd)
Neha;f;F ghtq;fspd; rpfpr;ir fpilj;Jtpl;lJ.
,utpy; gpuk; k hz; l khd k P y h j ; , [ ; j p k h Vw;ghL
NfSq;fs; NfSq;fs; md;dtu;fis
nra;ag;gLfpwJ. ngUk;ghYk; cyfj;jpd; kpfg;ngupa kPyhj;
epidj;Njq;Fk; cs;sj;ij NfSq;fs;

,[;jpkh BghGy; kjPdh - fuhr;rpapy; (ghfp];jhd;) eil

ngWfpwJ. ,jd; rpwg;Gf;fis vt;thW $WtJ ! ,jpy; mUs; ghu;itia NfSq;fs;
fye;J nfhs;Sk; vj;jidNah ghf;fparhypfspd; tho;f;
ghtj;jpd; gupfhuj;ij epr;rak; NfSq;fs;
;ifapy; kjdp khw;wq;fs; Vw;gl;Ls;sJ. ,ijg; gw;wpa

ehd;F kjdp tre;jq;fis mwpe;Jnfhs;Sq;fs;. Nfl;Fk; jUzNkh ,d;iwa ,uT jhd;.

(1) ghtj;jpw;F gupfhuk; fpilj;jJ.

!

fz;kdp ehafk;
md;dtu;fspd; Neru;
(M\pf;) xUtu; ,t;thW $Wfpwhu;. `p[;up (1426)y; ff;up (2) cs;sj;jpd; mOf;F fOtg;gl;lJ.

ikjhdk; - BghGy; kjPdh fuhr;rpapy; eilngw;w kPyhj; tlf;F fuhr;rpia Nru;e;j xU ,];yhkpa rNfhjuu; vOjp

,[;jpkhtpy; vdf;F njupe;j njhOifapy;yhj (MODERN) mDg; g pa tplaj; i j vdJ Kiwapy; $Wfpd; N wd; .

thypgUk; fye; J nfhz; l hu; . tpbfhiy tre; j j; i j ugpcd;E}u
}u; khjj;jpd; Muk;g ehl;fspy; fz;kdp ehafk;

19 20
fz;kdp ehafk; md;dtu;fs; $wpdhu;fs;: ahu; Kd;dpiyapy; vd; ngau;
Kiw ]ythj; XJfpd;whNuh mtuJ ,UE}W Mz;L ghtq;fs; kd;dpf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

md;dtu;fspd; Neru;fspy; rpyu;> nfs]{y; m/yk;> m`;kj; uz]h md;dtu;fspdJk;

ghtq;fspy; %o;fp fplf;Fk; vd; kPJ jdpg;gl;l Kaw;r;rp Mrp cs;sJ kjdp #oypy;

nra; J ff; u p ikjhdk; - BghGy; kjP d h fuhr; r papy; ,q;F ]{d;dj;Jf;fisAk; fw;Wf; nfhs;syhk;

eilngwTs;s j/tNj ,];yhkpapd; kPyhj; ,[;jpkh pkhtpy; ,iwar;rj;ijAk; cz;lhf;Fk; kjdp #oy;
fye;J nfhs;SkhW j/tj; nfhLj;jhu;fs;. vd;Dila
epr;rakhf mtu; kpfg; ngupa ghf;fparhypNa
ghf;fpak; ehDk; cWjp nfhz;Nld;. 12Mk; ,uT te;jTld;
vtUf;F fpilj;jtpl;lNjh kjdp #oy;
thf; F Wjp mspj; j thNw kP y hj; ,[; j pkhtpy; fye; J

nfhs; t jw; f hf kjdp fh/gpyhTld; Ng&e; j py; ( Bus) !

gpuahzk; nra;Njd;.fz;kdp ehafk;
m d ;
(3) xsp kio
dtu;fspd; Neru; xUtu; r;rk; r;rk; vd;W nrhy;yf;$ba
vy;yhtUlq;fisg; NghYk; `p[;up 1417 y; kPyhJd; egp
xUtif ,dpg;Gg; gz;lj;ij Rkhu; Kg;gJ ,];yhkpa

eilngw;w NghJ gfy; Neuk; SÙf;Fg;
rNfhjuu; f Sf; F gq; f P L nra; J nfhLj; j hu; . gq; f P L
gpd; j/tNj ,];yhkpapd; ehz]pkhghj; `y;fh BghGy;
nra;jtupd; ghrk; epiwe;j me;j Kiw vdJ cs;sj;ij
ftu;e;jJ. gpd;G ehk; kPyhj; ,[;jpkh pkhtpy; fye;J nfhz; kjPdh> fuhr;rpapd; kjdp Cu;tyk; ]u;fhupd; tUif
ku;`gh vd;w rj;jj;Jld; ,d;Dk; ku;`gh ah K];j/gh
Nlhk;. vdJ tho;ehspNy Kjy; jlit ,t;thW rpwg;ghd

vd;W $wpf;nfhz;L ghijapy; nrd;Wf;
epfo; i t ehd; ghu; j ; N jd; . f]P j hf; f Sk; > ]ythj; J k; >
nfhz;bUe;jJ. ,lj;jpw;fplk; Cu;tyj;ij epWj;jp kf;fis
]yhKk; ,d;Dk; ku;`gh ahK];j/gh

tpd; ,d;gfukhd XirfSk; vdJ cs;sj;jpd; mOf;if mkuitj;J NefPfp j/tj; (eytpd;ghy; miog;G ) nfhLf;
fg;gl;Lf;nfhz;bUe;jJ. ,ilapy; Xuplj;jpy; fpl;lj;jl;l
Rj;jg;gLj;jp tpl;ld d. my;`k;Jypy;yh`; me;j
10 taJila rpWtu; eytpd; ghy; miog;G tpLj;Jf;
Neuj;jpNy ehd; j/tNj ,];yhkpapd; kjdp #oNyhL
nfhz;bUe;jhu;> me;Neuk; Cu;tyj;jpy; nksdk; Vw;gl;
xd; w hfptpl; N ld; . ,g; N ghJ Kfj; j py; Kghuf; f hd
bUe;jJ. gahd; Kbe;jJk; xU kdpju; vOe;J mg;gFjpapd;
jhbapdJk;> jiyapy; gr;ir epw jiyg;ghifapdJk; nghWg;ghsu; ,Uf;Fkplj;ij Nfl;Lf; nfhz;Nl mtuplk;
tre;jk; cs;sJ my;`k;Jypy;yh`; > NkYk; xU
nrd;W jpifj;Jg;Ngha; $wyhdhu;> “gahd; eilngw;Wf;
gpuNjr K\htuj;jpd; gzpahsdhf (jiytu;) ,Ue;J
;nfhz;bUe;j NghJ jq;fspd; me;j rpwpatu; cl;gl Cu;
]{d;dj;Jf;fis gug;Gfpd;w ghf;fpaKk; fpilj;Js;sJ.
;tyj;jpy; ,Ue;j midtu;fs; kPJk; xsp kio nghope;Jf;
my;yh`;tpd; `gPgpd; nghUl;lhy;
nfhz; b Ue; j ij ehd; vdJ fz; f shy; ghu; j ; N jd; >
fpilj;Js;sJ kjdp #oy;

21 22

jlitfs; ]thj; XJfpwhNuh mtUf;F fpahkehsd;W ehd; vdJ \/ghmj; fpilf;Fk;. $wg;gl;L mtu; vd;kPJ ]ythj; Xjtpy;iyNah mtu; mePjk; ,ioj;Jtpl;lhu;.
kd;dpj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs; ehd; xU K];ypk; my;y jaT

j/tNj ,];yhkpapdhy; Vw;ghL nra;ag;gl;l kPyhJe; egp

nra;J vd;id ,];yhj;jpy; Eioj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.”

khngUk; epfo;tpy;> ngUk;ghYk; Jd;ahtpd;

ku;`ghtpd; Nfh\j;jpy; #oNyh mjpu;e;jJ. <j;kPyhJe; kpfg; ngupa kPyhj; ,[;jpkhtpy; rpy ,];yhkpa rNfhjuu;fs;

egpapd;
kjdp Cu;tyj;jpd; nghUl;lhy; fye;J> fijf;Jf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; NghJ xU ,];yhkpa
,d; D k; j/tNj ,]; y hkpapd; gufj; epiwe; j kjdp rNfhjuu; $wpdhu;. Muk;gj;jpy; j/tNj ,];yhkpapd; kPyhj;

tre;jj;ijg; ghu;j;J i\j;jhd; jiyia ,bf;fyhdhd;.
,[;jpkhtpy; kpfTk; cs;sr;rk; Vw;gLk;> ,g;NghJ mt;thW

,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhz;ljd; gpd; me;j kdpju; ,d;\h ,y;iy. ,ijf; Nfl;l ,d;ndhU ,];yhkpa rNfhjuu;

my;yh`; ehd; nrd;W vdJ FLk;gj;jhu;fSf;Fk; $wpdhu;. ez;gNu! ePq;fs; $WtJ jtW kPyhj; ,[;jpkhtpd;
,];yhj;jpd; j/tj; (miog;ig) nfhLg;Ngd;. NkYk; mtu; epiy mg;gbNajhd; cs;sJ. Mdhy; ekJ cs;sq;fspd;

mt;thNw nra;jhu;. mtupd; jdpg;gl;l Kaw;rr ; papd; gufj;jhy;
epiyjhd; Kd; Nghy; ,y;iy. ehafj;jpd; jpf;u; (Qhgfk;)

mtupd; kidtp> 3 Foe; i jfs; mNjNghy; mtupd; vt;thW khWk;! ekJ vz;zq;fs; jhd; khwptpl;lJ. ,d;Wk;

je;ijAk; jPDy; ,];yhj;ij jOtpf;nfhz;lhu;fs;. ehq;fs; mijg;gw;wp jtwhf tpku;rpj;J topjtwptplhky;>

kPyhJe; egp ngUehshfpwJ cz;ikahd mfPjhNthL fz;kdp ehafk;

md; d tu; f spd; mofhd rpe; j idapy; %o; f patu; f shf
cs;sk; kpf kfpo;r;rp milfpwJ.
f]Pjhf;fis Nfl;lhy; ,d;\h my;yh`; fpUig
M\pfPd;fspd; ngUehNsh ugpcd;D}upd;
epr; r ak; cz; l hFk; . KjyhtJ Ngrpa ,]; y hkpa
gd;dpnuz;lhk; ehshfpwJ
rNfhjuupd; Ngr;R i\j;jhdhy; Nghlg;gl;l re;Njfq;fis
vy;yh kyf;FfSk;> `{u;yPd;fSk; cz;lhf;fp nghWg;gw;w Kiwapy; Ml;Nrgid njuptpj;J

,d;W kfpo;r;rpapy; cs;sdu;
kPyhj; tpohtpy; fye;Jf; nfhs;shky; tPl;bw;F jpUg;gp

Mk;! Mdhy; i\j;jhd; jdJ $l;lj;NjhL mDg;gf;$bajhf ,Ue;jhYk; ,uz;lhtJ Ngrpatupd; gjpy;

kpfTk; tuNtw;f;fg;gl;ljhFk;. mjhtJ eg;]{y; yt;thkh
Nrhfj;jpy; cs;shd;
it ntspg;gLj;jp i\j;jhid Xl itj;jjhFk;. ed;ikia

!

ehb $wpa mtupd; gjpy; (mk; i gg; Nghd; W ) vdJ
cs;sj;jpy; gjpe;J nfhz;lJ. gpd;G ehd; Kaw;rp nra;J
(4) ,d;Wk; juprdk; nghJthdJ
kPyhj; ,[;jpkhtpd; kj;jpapy; Ngha; ehafj;jpd; M\pfPd;
xU M\pNf u]{y; (ehafj;ij Nerpg;gtu;) ,t;thW
fNshL mku;e;J> ,dpikahd f]Pjhf;fspd; ,dpikapNy
$wpdhu;. ff;up ikjhdk;> BghGy; kjPdh> fhuhr;rpapy; %o;rp tpl;Nld;. mjpfhiy (]{g;N` rhjpf;) cila Neuk;

23 24

khegp md;dtu;fs; $wpdhu;fs;: ahu; vd; kPJ nts;spf;fpoik ehspy; ]y
thj; XJfpd;whNuh fpahkehsd;W ehd; mtUf;F \/ghmj; nra;Ntd;. XJfpwhNuh my;yh`; mtupd; kPJ E}W u`;kj;Jf;fis mUSfpd;whd;
neWq;fpaJ> ehafj;jpd; M\pfPdf ; s; (Neru;fs;) midtUk; Mdhy; ekJ epiyikfs; jhd; khwptpl;lJ. ehk; ftdk;

tpbfhiy tre; j j; i j vjpu; g ; g hu; j ; J vOe; J epd; w du; . nrYj;jpdhy; ,d;Wk; md;dtu;fspd; juprdk; nghJthdJ.

,[; j pkhtpy; xUtifahd t[; j ; (jd; d piy kwj; j y; )
mff;fd; cilatu;fs; jhq;fspd; j[y;ypia fhz;ghu;fs;
Vw;gl;bUe;jJ> vy;yh jpirfspYk; ku;`ghtpd; rg;jk;
xspj;Jf;nfhz;bUe;jJ. kdpjg;Gdpjupd; jiytuhfpa fz; mff;fz; mw;wtu;fs; vijj;jhd; fhz;ghu;fs;
rpyu; te;J ngw;Wf; nfhz;L nrd;W tpl;lhu;fs;

kdp ehafk;
md;dtu;fspd; re;epjhdj;jpy;
rpyu; tho;ehs; KOtJk; ngw;Wf;nfhs;s
]ythj;Jk;> ]yhKk; $wpf;nfhz;Nl ,Ue;jhu;fs;. ehafj;
Kbahky; cs;shu;fs;
jpd; Neru;fSila fz;fspypUe;J fz;zPu; Xbf; nfhz;bU
,J fUizapd; jPu;g;ghFk; ,J e]Pgpd; tplakhFk;

e;jd. vy;yhj; jpirfspypUe;Jk; tpk;kp mOk; rg;jq;fSk;

te;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jd. vdf;Fk; xUtifahd cskfpo;r;rp
!

Vw; g l; l J. ghtk; epiwe; j vdJ fz; f Sk; rpW rpW
( vd;w gd;dpnuz;L vOj;Jf;fspd;
Mde;jkhd J}uy; tpOtijAk; fz;ld;. KO ,[;jpkhTk;
njhlu;gpy; kPyhj; tpohtpd; 12 kjdp G+f;fs; )
u`;kj;jpd; kioapy; eide;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jJ.ehDk; vdJ
fz;fis %bf;nfhz;L ,d;Dapu; K];jgh

kjPdh 1 : kPyhj; tpohtpd; re;Njh\j;jpy; k];[pj;fs;>
md;dtu;fspd; mofpa rpe;jidapy; %o;fp ]ythj;jpYk;> tPLfs;> filfs;> ,d;Dk; thfdq;fs; kw;Wk; cq;fs;

]yhkpYk; <Lgl;bUe;Njd;. jpBnud mff;fdz; jpwe;Jf; gpuNjrj;jpYk; gr;ir epw nfhbfis njhq;ftpLq;fs;.

nfhz; l J. cz; i kapy; $Wfpd; N wd; > ve; j ehaff; ed; w hf myq; f upj; J f; n fhs; S q; f s; . jkJ tP L fis
Nfhkhd;><Uyfj; jiytu;>fz;kdp ehafk;

Fiwe;jJ 12 kpd;tpsf;Ffisf; nfhz;L ntspr;rkhf;
md;dtu;fspd; gpwe;j jpdj;ij nfhz;lhLfpNwhNkh mNj
Fq;fs;. ugPcd;E}u; gd;dpnuz;lhtJ ,utpy; ed;ikia
,d;Dapu; K];jgh
md;dtu;fs; vd;Nghd;w ngw Ntz; L k; vd; w epa; a j; N jhL jpf; u ; > f]P j hf; f s;

ghtpf;F fUidf; fhl;b md;dtu;fis fhZk; ghf;fpa eilngWk; ,[;jpkhtpy; fye;Jf; nfhz;L tpbfhiy Neuk;

j;ij mUspdhu;fs;. my;`k;Jypy;yh`; ehafj;jpd; gr;ir epw nfhbfis Ve;jpatu;fshf ]ythj;Jk;> ]yhKk;

juprdj; i jf; nfhz; L vdJ cs; s k;
$wpf; nfhz;Nl fz;zPu; ky;fpa fz;fNshL tpbfhiy
Fspu;e;J tpl;lJ. epr;rakhf me;j ,];yhkpa rNfhjuu; tre;jj;ij vjpu;ghu;j;J fhj;jpUq;fs;. ugPcd;E}u; khjj;jpd;

cz;ikia $wpdhu;. mjhtJ j/tNj ,];yhkpapd; kPyhj; 12k; ehs; KbAkhapUe;jhy; Nehd;G Nehw;Wf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.

,[;jpkh Kd;Nghd;W cs;sr;rk; cilajhfNt cs;sJ. ekJ ,d;Dapu; K];j/gh
md;dtu;fs;

jpq;fl;fpoikfspy; Nehd;G Nehw;W jdJ gpwe;j jpdj;ij

25 26

fz;kdp ehafk; md;dtu;fs; $wpdhu;fs; : vd; kPJ mjpfkhf ]ythj; $Wq;fs;>
XJfpwhNuh my;yh`; mtupd; kPJ E}W u`;kj;Jf;fis mUSfpd;whd; epr;rakhf ePq;fs; vd; kPJ $Wk; ]ythj; cq;fSila ghtq;fSf;F kd;dpg;ghFk;.
nfhz;lhbdhu;fs;. vt;thnwd;why; ò;uj; ]a;apJdh mG+ jth/Ng f/ghtpd; fhl;rpfs; mlq;fpa glj;ij k];[pj;

fjhjh ' () mtu;fs; mwptpf;fpwhu;fs;. fz;kdp my;yJ tPLfspy; njhq;ftpLtJ MFkhFk;. Mk; ve;j

ehafk;
md;dtu;fsplk; jpq;fl;fpoikapd; glj;ij epyj;jpy; itj;J vOe;J epd;W ghu;g;gjhy; cUtk;

Nehd;igg; gw;wp Nfl;fg;gl;l NghJ “ ,e;j jpdj;jpy; jhd; njspthf njd;gLNkh mij njhq;ftpLtJ $lhjJk;>
vdJ gpwg;G epfo;e;jJ NkYk; ,Nj jpdj;jpy; jhd; vdf;F ghtkhd tplaKkhFk;.

t`P ,wf;fg;gl;lJ” vd;W $wpdhu;fs;.
( kjPdh 3 : kapy; ,d;Dk; mJ Nghd;w cUtq;fs;

]`P`; Gfhupapd; tpupTiuahsu; ò;uj; ]a;apJdh fPug;gl;bUf;Fk; bi]dpNy Eiothapy; (GATE) NghljPu;fs;.
kpUfq;fspd; cUtq;fisg; gw;wp fz;bj;J tUk; ,uz;L

,khk; f];jyhdp
+,) mtu;fs; mwptpf;fpd;whu;fs;.
`jP];fis ghu;j;J ,iwtid gae;J nfhs;Sq;fs;.
kPyhj; jpd ehl;fspy; kPyhj; tpohf;fis nfhz;lhLtjd;

%yk; me;j tUlk; G+uhTk; epk;kjpahd tho;f;ifAk;> (1) ve;j tPl;bNy eha; my;yJ cUtg;glq;fs; ,Uf;fpd;w
mtuJ xt;nthU NjitAk; mtrukhf epiwT ngWtJk; Njh me;j tPLfspy; u`;kj;Jila kyf;Ffs; Eioa

mDgtuPjpahf fhzg;gl;l tplakhFk;. vtnuy;yhk; kPyhj; khl;lhu;fs;.

jpdj;ij ngUehshf Mf;fpf; nfhz;lhu;fNsh mtu;fs;
(2) ahu; (capupdj;jpd;) cUtq;fis mikf;fpwhNdh
kPJ my;yh`; mUs;ghspg;ghdhf. mjw;F capu; nfhLf;Fk; tiu mtDf;F my;yh`{jMyh

jz; l idia nfhLj; J f; n fhz; N l ,Ug; g hd; . ,d; D k;
kjPdh 2 : f/gJy;yh`; Nghd;w tbtj;ij (MODEL)
mtdhy; mjw;F xU NghJk; capu; nfhLf;fNt KbahJ.
mikj; J jth/gpd; epiyia fhz; g pg; g jw; f hf rpy

,lq;fspy;(,e;jpah>ghfp];jhd; Nghd;w ehLfspy;) ! kjPdh 4 : kPyhj; tpohtpd; re;Njh\j;jpy; rpy ,lq;fspy;

nghk;ikfis itg;ghu;fs;. ,t;thW nra;tJ ghtkhFk;. ghl;Lfs; ,irf;fg;gLfpd;wd. ,t;thW nra;tJ khu;f;fj;
[h`pypa;ahf; fhyj;jpy; f/gJy;yh`;tpy; 360 rpiyfs;
jpy; ghtkhFk; . ,ijg; gw; w pa ,uz; L `jP ] ; f is
itf;fg;gl;bUe;jd.ekJ capupYk; Nkyhd fz;kdp ehafk;
ftdpAq;fs;.

md;dtu;fs; kf;fh ntw;wpf;Fg; gpd; f/
(1) fz;kdp ehafk;
md;dtu;fs; $wp
gJy; K\u;u/ghit rpiyfis tpl;Lk; gupRj;jg;gLj;jp
dhu;fs;. vdNt tbtj;jpYk; ( MODEL) $l rpiyfs; dhu; f s; : vdf; F Nlhy; > Gy; y hq; F oy; ,itfis

(nghk;ikfs;) ,Uf;ff; $lhJ> mjd; ,lj;jpy; gpyh];bf; cilf;Fk;gb fl;lis gpwg;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

G+f;fis itf;fyhk; (cUtq;fs; njspthf njd;glhj

27 28

mz;zy; egp md;dtu;fs; $wpdhu;fs;: ahu; vd; kPJ xU jlit ]ythj;
jlitfs; ]ythj; XJfpwhNuh mtUf;F fpahkehsd;W vdJ \/ghmj; fpilf;Fk;. XJfpwhNuh my;yh`; mtu; kPJ gj;J mUl;nfhilfis mUSfpd;whd;
(2) ò;uj; ]a;apJdh o`;`hf;
+,) mtu;fs; ;njhOifia tpLgtu;fs; my;y.

upthaj; nra;fpwhu;fs; : ghl;L cs;sj;ij ehrg;gLj;jTk;>
kjPdh 9 : kPyhj; Cu;tyj;jpy; Fjpiu tz;bNah my;yJ
,iwtid Nfhgg;gLj;jTk; nra;fpwJ.
xl;lif tz;bNah nfhz;L tuhjPuf ; s;. vndd;why; Fjpiu>
kjPdh 5 : f]Pjhf;fspd; Nf]l;Lfis NghLq;fs; Mdhy; xl; l fq; f spd; kyryj; j hy; ehafj; j pd; Neru; f Sila

rg;jk; Fiwthf itAq;fs;. Vndd;why; ,ghjj; (tzf;fk;) Milfs; mRj;jkila tha;g;Gfs; cz;L.

Gupgtu;fSf;Fk;> J}q;Fgtu;fSf;Fk;> my;yJ Nehahsp kjPdh 10 : Cu;tyj;jpy; up]hyhf;fis gq;fpLq;fs;>

Nghd;wtu;fSf;Fk; ,ilA+W Vw;glhky; ,Ug;gjw;fhf -
mjhtJ kf;jgJy; kjPdhtpdhy; mr;rplg;gl;l rpW E}y;fs;>
NkYk; ghq;F> njhOif Neuq;fspYk; ftdk;
kjdp G+f;fspd; tpj;jpahrkhd fhu;l;fs; (CARDS) NkYk;
nrYj;Jq;fs;. (ngz;fspd; Fuy;fspy; f]Pjh Nf]l;Lfis
]{d;dj;Jf;fs; epiwe;j gahd; V.C.D f;fs; Nghd;wij
NghlhjPu;fs;)
ed;whf gq;fpLq;fs;. ,d;Dk; goq;fs;> jhdpaq;fs; Nghd;w
kjPdh 6 : tPjpfspYk;> ghijfspYk; nry;yf;$ba my;yJ tw;iw gq;fpLk; NghJ mij tPrhky; kdpju;fspd; iffspy;

thfdk; Xl;lf;$ba K];ypk;fSf;F ,ilA+W Vw;gLk; nfhLq;fs;. G+kpapy; tpOtJk;> fhy;fspy; kpjpgLtJk;

tpjj; j py; myq; f huk; nra; a Nth> my; y J nfhbfis mjd; fz;zpaf; FiwthFk;.

el;lNth Ntz;lhk;. ,J MFkhd tplaky;y. kjPdh 11 : gpur;rpidfs; Vw;gLk; tpjj;jpYk;> mLj;j

kjPdh 7 : myq;fhuq;fis ghu;g;gjw;f;fhf ngz;fs; tu;fis Nfhg%l;Lk; tpjj;jpYk; ele;J nfhs;tjhy; kPyhj;

me; e pa Mz; f NshL gu; j h ,d; w p nry; t J ùhKk; Cu;tyj;jpd; moF rpije;J tpLfpd;wJ. mikjpahd

ntl; f f; N flhd nraYkhFk; . NkYk; gu; j h mzpAk; Kiwapy; ,Ug;gJ midtUf;Fk; ey;yJ.
ngz;fSk; $l ,d;iwa fhyfl;lj;jpy; eilngWtJ
kjPdh 12 : ,iwtd; ghJfhf;fNtz;Lk; ! vq;fpUe;jhtJ
Nghd;W Mz;fNshL (xUtUf;nfhUtu;) fye;Jf; nfhs;tJ
nfhQ; r k; fy; y bfs; te; j hYk; Nfhgg; g l; L gjpyb
kpfTk; Nkhrkhd nrayhFk;.,ijg;Nghd;W kpd;rhuj;ij
toq;fhky; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,y;iynad;why; kPyhj;
jpULtJk; MFkhd nrayy;y. vdNt kpd;rhuj;Jf;F Cu;tyk; rpije;J tpNuhjpfspd; ehl;lk; epiwNtwptpLk;.

nghWg;ghf ,Ufpd;wtu;fis re;jpj;J MFkhd Kiwapy;
kpd;Fkpy;fisf; nfhz;L myq;fupj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. nkhl;L kyu;e;J G+ kde;J

vy;yh jpirfspYk; te;jNj tre;jk;
kjPdh 8 : kPyhj; Cu;tyj;jpy; KbAkhd tiu TONthL
MdNj tpbfhiyapd; tre;jk;
,Uq;fs;. [khmj;Jld; njhOk; fl;Lg;ghl;il Qhgfj;jpy;
itj;Jf;nfhs;Sq;fs;. ehafj;jpd; Neru;fs; [khmj; <j; kPyhJe; egp

29 30


$wg;gl;L mtu; vd;kPJ ]ythj; Xjtpy;iyNah mtu; mePjk; ,ioj;Jtpl;lhu;. jlitfs; ]ythj; XJfpwhNuh mtUf;F fpahkehsd;W vdJ \/ghmj; fpilf;Fk;.
;gpiw njd;gl;Ltpl;lJ.”
kPyhj; tpohitg;gw;wp mj;jhupd; fbjk;.

ugPcd;E}u; ek;gpf;if vDk; cyfj;ij
(jho;ikahd Ntz;LNfhs;-xt;nthU ,lq;fspYk; ]gu;
jd;NdhL nfhz;L te;jJ
khjj;jpd; filrp thu ,[;jpkhtpNy Qhgf%l;LKfkhf

mj;jhupd; fbjj;ij gbj;Jf; fhl;lTk;. ,];yhkpa rNfhju/ JMf;fs; fG+y; Mtij ifNahL nfhz;L te;jJ

rNfhjupfs; jj;jkJ Kiwfspy; Vw;ghL nra;aTk;)
kjPdh 2 : Mz;fs; jhbia tspg;gJ my;yJ xU gpbia
gp];kpy;yh`pu; u`;khdpu; u`Pk; - ]Nf kjPdh(mkPNu tpl Fiwthf ntl; L tJ ùhkhFk; . ,]; y hkpa

m`;Y]; ]{d;dj; +
& -./ 0 1 mtu;fs; kjPdh \uP/gpd; rNjhjupfs; gu;jh ,y;yhky; ,Ug;gJ ùhkhFk;. jaT

K`g;gj;jpy; %o;fp jk;ikj; jho;jJ ; k; tpjkhf jkf;Fj;jhNk nra;J ugPcd;E}u; khjj;jpd; gufj;ijf; nfhz;L ,];yhkpa
]Nf kjPdh (mjhtJ kjPdhtpd; eha;) vd;W mioj;Jf;
rNfhjuu;fs; filrptiu xU gpb jhb itf;fTk;> ,d;Dk;
nfhs;thu;fs;.) K`k;kj; ,y;ah]; mj;jhu;> fhjpup> uz]tp> ,];yhkpa rNfhjupfs; epue;jukhf khu;f;f Kiwapy; gu;jh

2 ' 32 mtu;fspd; Gwj;jpypUe;J ehafj;jpd; Neru;fshd
mzptjw;f;Fk; ghf;fparhypahd ngz;fs; kjdp Gu;fh

midj;J ,];yhkpa rNfhju/rNfhjupfSf;Fk; kPyhj; jpd mzpaTk; epa;aj; itj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. (Mz;fs; jhb

re;Njh\j;jpy; gr;irf; nfhbia Ml;batdhf> kpDkpD tspg;gJk;> xU gpbia tpl Fiwthf ntl;LtJk; ,d;Dk;
f;Fk; gy;GfisAk;> rpW rpW xsp tpsf;Ffis Kj;jkpl;l
ngz; f s; gu; j h ,d; w p ,Ug; g Jk; ùhkhFk; - vdNt
tdhf> Njid tpl ,dpaikahd kf;fp kjdp ]yhk; mtrukhf jt;gh (ghtkd;dpg;G) nra;J ,e;j ghtq;fis

tpl;L ntspNaWtJ th[pghFk;)

f/gJy;yh`; gzpe;J epd;wJ
ePq;fSk; md;dtu;fisg; Gfo;e;J jdJ cs;sj;ij
fw;rpiyfs; midj;JNk jiyf;fPohf ftpo;e;jJ

xspkakhf;fpf; nfhs;Sq;fs;;

tUifapd; kfpo;r;rp jhd;
cau;e;jjpYk; kpfTk; cau;e;jJ egpapd; nfhb
m`;yd; t]`;yd; ku;`gh
tPL tPlhf gwf;f tpLq;fs;
kjPdh 3 : ]{d;dj;Jf;fisAk;> ey;y fhupaq;fisAk;

kjPdh 1 : KjyhtJ gpiwad;W ,e;j thu;j;ijfshy;
nra; t jd; kP J cWjpahd epiy ngWtjw; f hd top
%d; W jlitfs; k]; [ pj; f spy; mwptpg; G nra; a
vd; d ntd; w hy; ehafj; j pd; Neru; f shd midj; J
nrhy; Y q; f s; . “midj; J ,]; y hkpa rNfhju/rNfhjup
,];yhkpa rNfhju / rNfhjupfSk; jpdKk; /gpf;Nu kjPdh
fSf;Fk; tho;j;Jf;fs;. Vndd;why; ugPcd;E}u}u; khjj;jpd;

31 32


(mky;fspd; kPJ fz;Nzhl;lk;) nra;jtu;fshf kjdp jkJ irf;fps;> Nkhl;lhu; irf;fps;> fhu; ,itfspYk;

,d;Mkhj
khj; fhu;l;il epug;gp xt;nthU khjKk; nghWg;G NghLq;fs;. ,d;\h my;yh`; vy;yh gf;fq;fspYk;

jhupaplk; xg;gilg;gjw;fhf epa;aj; itj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. gr;ir epw nfhbfspd; tre;jq;fs; fhzg;gLk;. nghJthf

iffis cau;j;jpf; $Wq;fs;! ,d;\h my;yh`; buf;Ffspd; gpd;Gwj;jpy; capupdq;fspd; ngupa ngupa
glq;fs; kw;Wk; Njitaw;w ftpfs; vOjg;gl;bUf;Fk;>

u`;kj;jpd; Nkfq;fs; %z;ld
Mdhy; ,jw;Fg;gjpyhf buf;FfspYk;> g];fspYk;> Ntd;
mUs;kioapd; J}uy; tpOe;jd
fspYk;> nlf;]pfspYk;> fhu;fspYk; ,J Nghd;witfSf;Fg;
,g;nghOJ cs ehl;lq;fs; epiwNtwpd
gpd; d hy; njspthd vOj; J f; f spy; “ehd; ehd; j/tNj
,]; y hkpia Nerpf; f pNwd; ” vd; W vOjg; g LtJ vdJ

kjPdj;J khkd;dupd; tUifNa..
MirahFk;. g]; nrhe;jf;fhuu;fs; ,d;Dk; buhd;];Nghu;l;
kjPdh 4 : ehafj;jpd; Neru;fs; midtUk; jiytu;>
nra;Ak; kdpju;fis re;jpj;J kjdp Vw;ghLfis nra;Aq;
nghWg;Gjhupfs; cl;gl ugpcd;E}u; khjj;jpy; tpN\\khd
fs;. ,d;Dk; ]Nf kjPdh 2 ' 32 tpd; cs;sj;jpd; JMf;fis
Kiwapy; Fiwe;jJ %d;W ehl;fs; kjdp fh/gpyhtpy;
gpuahzNkw;nfhs;Sk; ghf;fpaj;ij ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.

,d;Dk; ,];yhkpa rNfhjupfs; 30 ehl;fs; tiu jpdKk; Kf; f pakhd NgZjy; : nfhbapd; kP J gupRj; j khd

tPl;bw;Fs; (tPl;bypUf;Fk; ,];yhkpa rNfhjupfSf;Fk;> ghjzpapd; glk; (e/Ny ghf;) my;yJ VjhtJ vOjp

k`;ukhdtu;fSf;Fk; kl;Lk;) /ig]hNd ]{d;dj;jpd; apUe;jhy; mitfspy; fe;jy;> fpspry; vJTk; ,Uf;ff;
ju;i] nfhLj;J thUq;fs;. ,dpNkYk; jpdKk; toq;fp $lhJ> NkYk; mitfs; G+kpapy; tpoTk; $lhJ vd;gij

tUNtd; vd;W epa;aj; itj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. Qhgfj;jpy; itj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. mNj Nghd;W ugPcd;

u`;kj;jpid ms;spf;nfhs;s fh/gpyhtpy; nry;Yq;fs; E}u
E}u; khjk; Kbtile;jjd; gpd;dhy; mitfis cldb

ahf fyl;b tpLq;fs;. ,t;thW Ngzp elf;f Kbatpy;iy
]{d;dj;Jf;fis fw;Wf;nfhs;s fh/gpyhtpy; nry;Yq;fs;! nad;why; ,d;Dk; xOq;fPdk; eilngWk; vd;wpUe;jhy;

kjPdh 5 : jkJ k];[pj;> tPL> fil> njhopw;rhiy ,J ve;j tpj vOj;Jk;> glKk; ,d;wp ntWk; gr;ir epw nfhbia

Nghd;w ,lq;fspy; 12 my;yJ Fiwe;jJ 1 gr;ir epw gwf;f tpLq;fs;. (]Nf kjPdh 2 ' 3 2 m d ; d t u ; f S k ;
nfhbia ugpcd;E}u; khjj;jpd; KjyhtJ gpiwapypUe;J
KbAkhd msT igj;Jy; /gdh vDk; ngaUila jkJ
KO khjKk; gwf;f tpLq;fs;. g];fs;> Ntd;fs;> buf;Ffs;>
epue;jukw;w tPl;bYk; rhjhuz nfhbia jhd; gwf;f
nlf;]pfs;> Fjpiu tz;bfs; ,J Nghd;witfspy; jkJ tpLthu;fs;)

nrytpNy nfhbfis thq;fp fl;lhak; gwf;ftpLq;fs;.

33 34

khegp md;dtu;fs; $wpdhu;fs;: ahu; vd; kPJ nts;spf;fpoik ehspy; ]y
mz; z y; egp md; d tu; f s; $wpdhu; f s; : vd; kP J ]ythj; XJtij
thj; XJfpd;whNuh fpahkehsd;W ehd; mtUf;F \/ghmj; nra;Ntd;. mjpfg;gLj;Jq;fs;> epr;rakhf ,J cq;fSf;F gupRj;jkhFk;
igj;Jy; mf;]h> f/ghtpd; $iu Mkpdhtpd;

egpapd; nfhbia Ve;jpr; nry;Yq;fs;
,y;yj;jpYk;
cyfnkq;Fk; gug;gp tpLq;fs;
nfhb el;lg;gl;L tpl;lJ

egpapd; nfhbNah rhe;jpapd; nfhb m`;yd; t]`;yd; ku;`gh

tPL tPlhf guf;f tpLq;fs;
kjPdh 7 : xt;nthU ,];yhkpa rNjhjuu;fSk; jkJ
kjPdh 6 : jkJ tPl;by; 12 Nfhu;itfs; my;yJ Fiwe;jJ
trjpf;Nfw;g mjpfkhfTk; my;yJ Fiwe;jJ 12 &ghTf;F
12 kpd; F kpo; f s; %ykhf mNjNghd; W jkJ k]; [ pj; kf;jgJy; kjPdhtpdhy; mr;rplg;gl;l rpW E}y;fisAk;>

fisAk; Rw; W g; G wq; f isAk; 12 ehl; f s; tiu ey; y kjdp G+f;fs; epiwe;j tpj;jpahrkhd gk;/g;yl; (njhq;ftpLk;

Kiwapy; xspkakhf; F q; f s; . (Mdhy; ,e; j Ntiy fhu;l;) fisAk; kPyhj; Cu;tyj;jpy; gq;fpl;Lf; nfhLq;fs;.

fSf;fhf kpd;rhuk; jpULtJ ùhkhFk; - vdNt ,e;j ,d; D k; ,]; y hkpa rNfhjupfNs! eP q ; f Sk; gq; f pl
tplaj;jpy; kpd;rhurigNahL njhlu;G nfhz;L MFkhd nra;Aq;fs;. ,Nj Nghd;W KOtUlKk; jkJ filfspy;

Kiwapy; ngw;Wf;nfhs;s Vw;ghL nra;Aq;fs;)midj;J rpW E}y;fis itj;J mij gq;fPL nra;J NefPfp j/

gFjpfisAk; gr; i r epw nfhbfisf; nfhz; L k; > tj; i j (eytpd; ghy; miog; i g) mjpfkhf nra; J

tz;zkplg;gl;l kpd; Fkpo;fisf; nfhz;Lk; moq;fupj;Jf; thUq;fs;. jpUkz itgtq;fspYk; ,d;Dk; kuzpj;j
nfhs;Sq;fs;.
tu;fSf;fhf <]hNy ]thg; (ed;ikfisr; Nru;g;gpj;jy;)
nra;Ak; ,lq;fspYk; rpWE}y;fis gq;fpLtNjhL Vida
k];[pj;> tPl;Lf;$iu> re;jp Nghd;w ,lq;fspy; ghijapy;
K];ypk;fSf;Fk; ,itfis nra;a Mu;tk; Cl;Lq;fs;.
nry;yf;$batu;fSf;Fk;> thfdj;jpy; gpuahzpf;ff;$ba
tu;fSf;Fk; ,ilA+W Vw;glhky; `{$Fy; Mk;kh (nghJ rpW E}y;fis gq;fpl;L jPid gug;Gq;fs;

cupikfs;) it kPwhky; 12 kPl;lu; my;yJ Njitf;Nfw;w
,iwtid jpUg;jpg;gLj;jp Rtu;f;fj;jpd;
mstpy; Ngdu;fis (Banners) njhq;ftpLq;fs;. ghij
jFjpahsu;fshf Mfpf; nfhs;Sq;fs;
eLtpy; nfhbfis el;lhjPu;fs;> ,jdhy; thfd neupry;
kjPdh 8 : ]Nf kjPdh md;dtu;fshy; njhFf;fg;gl;l
Vw;glyhk;. ,NjNghy; njU Nghd;w ,lq;fspy; K];ypk;
fSf;F jlq;fs; Vw;glhkYk;> cupikfis kPwhkYk;> “kPyhj; tpohtpd; 12 kjdp G+f;fs;” vd;w gk;/g;yl;il

kdrQ; r yq; f s; Vw; g lhj tifapYk; myq; f upj; J f; KbAkhf ,Ue;jhy; 112 my;yJ Fiwe;jJ 12> mNj

nfhs;Sq;fs;. Nghy; KbAkhf ,Ue; j hy; tpbfhiy tre; j k k; vd; w

35 36

mz;zy; egp md;dtu;fs; etpd;Ws;shu;fs;: ePq;fs; vq;fpUe;jhYk; vd; kPJ
]ythj; $Wq;fs;> Vnddpy; cq;fs; ]ythj; vd;id te;jilfpd;wJ. XJfpwhNuh my;yh`; mtupd; kPJ E}W u`;kj;Jf;fis mUSfpd;whd;.
,e;j up]hyh 12 I kf;jgJy; kjPdhtpypUe;J tpiy gq;fPL nra;jhy; kjPdh kjPdh - kPyhj; jpd re;Njh\j;jpy;

nfhLj;J thq;fp gq;fPL nra;Aq;fs;. gahd; Nf]l;Lf;fs; ,d;Dk; V.C.D f;fis ed;whf gq;fPL

nra;J jPid vj;jpitg;gjpy; gq;if (ghfj;ij) ngw;Wf;
Fwpg;ghf ahu; ahnuy;yhk; kPyhj; tpohit tpkupirahf
nfhz; l hLfpwhu; f Nsh me; j ,af; f q; f spd; ngupatu; nfhs;Sq;fs;. jpUkz re;ju;g;gj;jpy; “jpUkz miog;gpjo;”
(WEDDING CARDS) nfhLf;Fk; NghJ rpW E}iy ,d;Dk;

fSf;Fk; Nru;j;JtpLq;fs;. ugPcd;E}u; khjj;jpNy 1200
KbAkhapUe;jhy; gahdpd; Nf]l; my;yJ V.C.D I Nru;jJ ; f;
&gha;>,J Kbahtpl;lhy; 112 &gha;>,JTk; Kbahnjd;why;
nfhs;Sq;fs;. ngUehs; miog;gpjo; (EID CARDS) gof;fj;ij
12 &gha; (gUtkile;j Mz;fs;> ngz;fs;) ahuhtJ xU
Rd;dj;ty;[khmj;ij rhu;e;j MypKf;F toq;Fq;fs; - epWj;jptpl;L mjw;f;Fg; gjpyhfTk; ,jidNa epiyepW

jkJ gs;spthaypd; ,khKf;F> Kmj;jpDf;F my;yJ j;Jq;fs;. Vndd;why; nryT nra;fpd;w gzj;jpd; %ykhf
jPDf;Fk; gpuNah[dk; fpilf;f Ntz;Lk;. vdf;F kdpju;fs;
gzptpil nra;af;$batUf;F nfhLj;jhYk; rupNa. NkYk;
ngWkjpahd ngUehs; miog;gpjo;fis mDg;Gfpd;whu;fs;.
xt;nthU khjKk; nfhLg;gjw;F epa;aj; itj;jhy; kjPdh
kjPdh - [{k;MTila ehspy; toq;fpdhy; kpfTk; ey;yJ. ,jdhy; cs;sk; re;Njh\kiltjw;Fg; gjpyhf vwpAk;.

Vndd;why; [{k;MTila ehspy; xt;nthU ed;ikf;Fk; ngUehs; miog;gpjo;fSf;fhf nryT nra;ag;gLk; gzk;
jPDila Ntiyf;fhf nryT nra;ag;gl;lhy; vt;tsT
vOgJ klq;F ]thg; fpilf;fpwJ.
ed;whf ,Uf;Fk;! mNjNghy; mjpy; ,Uf;Fk; njspj;jy;
my;`k;Jypy;yh`; ]{d;dj;Jf;fs; epiwe;j
(mjhtJ kpDkpDf; F k; gTlu; ) %ykhf fLe; J auk;
gahd; Nf]l;Lf;fis Nfl;L gy kdpju;fs; rPu;jpUe;jpa
Vw;gLfpwJ.
nra; j pfs; cs; s d. cq; f spy; rpy ghf; f parhypahd
md;dtu;fis ehbatu;fSf;F
kdpju;fSk; gahd; Nf]l;Lf;fisf; Nfl;L kjdp #oypNy
md;dtu;fNs NghJkhdtu;fs;
xd;wpide;J ,Ug;gPu;fs;. vdNt ,g;gbahd Nf]l;Lf;fs;>
V.C.D f;fis kdpju;fs; mstpy; vj;jpitg;gJ jPDf;F rpyu; GfuPg; eth]; vd;why;

nra;af;$ba fz;zpakhd gzptpilahfTk;> ,d;Dk; rpyu; fd;[; gf;\; Mthu;fs;;

mjpfkhd ed;ikia toq;ff;$bajhfTk; ,Uf;fpwJ.
kjPdh 9 : ngupa efuj;jpd; xt;nthU gFjp K\htuj;jpd;
vdNt ahUf;F KbANkh thuj;jpy; my;yJ khjj;jpy;
Fiwe;jJ 12 XbNah ,d;Dk; tPbNah ]{d;dj;Jf;fs; jiytUk; (khtl;lj;jpYs;stu;fs; khtl;lj;jpy;) 12 ehl;fs;
tiu jpdKk; ntt;NtW k];[pj;fspy; cau;epiyahd
epiwe; j gahd; Nf]l; L f; f is mtrpak; tpw; g id
]{d;dj;Jf;fs; epiwe;j ,[;jpkhf;fis Vw;ghLnra;aTk;.
nra;Aq;fs;. rf;jpngw;w ,];yhkpa rNfhjuu;fs; ,ytrkhf
(nghWg; G jhupahd ,]; y hkpa rNfhjupfs; tP L fspy;

37 38

fz;kdp ehafk; md;dtu;fs; $wpdhu;fs; : ahUf;F Kd;dhy; vd; ngau; $wg;gl;L>

mtu; vd; kPJ ]ythj; $wtpy;iyNah mtu; kdpju;fspNy kpfTk; fQ;rdhthd;. Kiw ]ythj; XJfpd;whNuh mtuJ ,UE}W Mz;L ghtq;fs; kd;dpf;fg;gLfpd;wd.
,[;jpkhf;fis Vw;ghL nra;aTk;) ugPcd;E}upy; eilngWk; ,d;Dk; KOehSk; ghuhl;L (ey;yhrp)f; $wp re;jpj;Jf;

midj;J ,[;jpkhf;fspYk; ahUf;F KbANkh mtu;fs; nfhs;Sq;fs;.

KOkhjKk; gr;ir nfhbia jd;Dld; vLj;Jr; nry;yTk;.
<j; kPyhJd;egp ngUehspdJk; ngUehs;
kjPdh 10 : gjpndhd;whk; khiyapy; my;yJ 12 k; ehs;
epr;rakhf ngUehl;fSf;nfy;yhk; ngUehs;
Fspj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs; - KbAkhf ,Ue;jhy; ,e;j ngU
<j; kPyhJe; egp.
ehl; f spd; ngUehl; f Sf; F fz; z pak; nfhLf; F k;

vz; z j; j py; ntz; z pw Mil> jiyg; g hif> ]u; g e; j ; kjPdh 12 : ekJ ,d;Dapu; K];jgh md;d
(jiyg;ghiff;F fPo; mzpAk; iff;Fl;il Nghd;wJ) tu;fs; jpq;fl;fpoikfspy; Nehd;G Nehw;W jkJ gpwe;j

njhg;gp> jiyapy; mzpAk; ntz;zpw Nghu;it> kiwtpd; jpdj;ijf; nfhz;lhb te;jhu;fs;. jhq;fSk; ehafj;jpd;

kPJ kiwit Vw;gLj;j BROWN Nghu;it> kp];thf;> iff;

Qhgfkhf rpwg; g hd ugP c d; E }upd; 12k;

Fl;il> fhyzp> j];gP`;> mj;ju; Nghj;jy;> iff;fbfhuk;> ehspy; Nehd;G Nehw;W gr;ir nfhbia Ve;jpa tz;zk;
Ngid> fh/gpyh rpW Ngl; (PAD) ,JNghd;w jhk; ghtpf;Fk; kP y hj; Cu; t yj; j py; fye; J f; nfhs; S q; f s; . vJtiu

midj;J nghUl;fisAk; KbAkhdhy; Gjpajhf vLj;Jf; KbANkh TONthL ,Uq;fs;. ehtpdhy; ]ythj;Jk;>

; n fhs; S q; f s; . (,]; y hkpa rNfhjupfSk; jkf; F j; ]yhKk; ,d;Dk; f]Pjhf;fSk; ghbatz;zk; f]Pjhf;

Njitahd nghUl;fis KbAkhdhy; Gjpajhf vLj;Jf; fspdJk;>]ythj;>]yhkpdJk; G+f;fis nghope;j tz;zk;>

nfhs;Sq;fs;) ghu;itfis jho;j;jpatu;fshf fz;zpakhd Kiwapy;
te;jJ GJ Ml;rp> ,
. uh[hq;fKk; GjpNj nry;Yq;fs;. Js;spf;Fjpj;Jf; nfhz;L nrd;W ahUk;

Ju;tpku;rdk; nra;a re;ju;g;gk; toq;fhjPu;fs;.
mfpyk; tre;jk; fz;lJ> itfiw mz;zypd; cjak;
ugpcd;D}Nu! cd;dpy; m`;Y];]{d;dj;
kjPdh 11 : 12 k; ,uT kPyhj; ,[;jpkhtpy; fye;Jf;
Vd; capuha; ,Uf;F
nfhz;L ]{g;N` ]hjpf; (tpbfhiy) Neuj;jpy; jdJ gd;dpnuz;L md;W me; epytpd; capu; te;jhu;fs;

iffspy; gr;ir nfhbia cau;j;jpatu;fshf ]ythj;Jk;>
]yhKk; $wpf; n fhz; L fz; z P u ; ky; f pa fz; f NshL

!

tpbfhiy tre; j j; i j tuNtw; W epy; Y q; f s; . ]{g; ` {
kPyhj; tpoh nfhz;lhLtjw;f;fhd epa;aj;Jf;fs;
njhOiff;Fg; gpd; ]yhKk;> <j; Kghuf;Fk; $wp xUtiu
Gfhup \uPgpd; KjyhtJ `jP]hfpwJ:
nahUtu; cskhu;e;j md;NghL re;jpj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.

39 40

mz;zy; egp md;dtu;fs; $wpdhu;fs;: vd; kPJ ]ythj;J $Wq;fs;> fz;kdp ehafk; md;dtu;fs; $wpdhu;fs; : vd; kPJ mjpfkhf ]ythj; $Wq;fs;>
my;yh`; cq;fs; kPJ u`;kj; nghopthd;. epr;rakhf ePq;fs; vd; kPJ $Wk; ]ythj; cq;fSila ghtq;fSf;F kd;dpg;ghFk;.
mjhtJ nray;fs; vy;yhk; vz;zq;fs; gbahFk;. ,d; D k; Nru; j ; J f; nfhs; s yhk; . ,g; n ghOJ ,e; j

epa;aj;Jf;fis itj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs; :

Qhgfj; j py; itj; J f; n fhs; S q; f s; ! MFkhd vd;gjpYs;s 18 vOj;Jf;fspd;
midj; J nray; f spYk; ]thNg Mfpuj; (Mfpuj; j pd; njhlu;gpy; kPyhj; tpoh nfhz;lhLtjd; 18 epa;aj;Jf;fs;.

ed; i k) cila vz; z k; ,Ug; g J mtrpakhFk; .
(1) Fu;Mdpd; rl;lk; :
,y; y htpl; l hy; ed; i k fpilf; f hJ. kP y hj; tpoh
(ju; [ {kh fd; ] {y; <khd; : ,d; D k; ckjpul; r fdpd;
nfhz;lhLtjpYk; ed;ikia ngw;Wf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;
mUl; n fhiliag; gw; w p mwptpj; J f; nfhz; b Ug; g P u hf.
vd;w epa;aj; mtrpakhFk;. ed;ikia ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sk; ([{];c - 30 #uJy;O`h -11) ) kPJ mky; nra;jthW
vz; z kpUe; j hy; \uP m j; j pd; gpufhuk; me; j nraiy
my;yh`; tpd; midj;J ep/kj;;(mUl;nfhil)ijAk;
nra;tJk; NkYk; ,f;yh]; (csj;J}a;ik) %ykhf mij
tpl kpfg;ngupa ep/kj;ij gpugy;ag;gLj;JNtd;.
myq;fupg;gJk; \u;jj ; hFk;. ahuhtJ kw;wtu;fSf;F fhz;gpg;
(2) my;yh`; cila jpUg;nghUj;jj;ijg; ngw;Wf;
gjw;fhf my;yJ jd;id GfoNtz;Lk; vd;gjw;ff ; hf kPyhj;
tpohit nfhz;lhbdhy;> mjw;fhf kpd;rhuj;ijj; jpU nfhs;stjw;fhf kpd; Fkpo;fshy; myq;fupg;Ngd;.

bdhy;> gyte;jkhf ed;nfhil t#ypj;jhy;> khu;f;f mD (3) [pg;uPNy mkPd; "#$
mtu;fs; kPyhj; ,utpNy %d;W

kjpapd;wp K];ypk;fSf;F Nehtpid nfhLj;jhy;> `{$Fy; nfhbfis el; b dhu; f s; mijg; g pd; g w; w p nfhbfis

Mk;kh (nghJ cupikfs;) it jl;bg;gupj;jhy;> Nehahspfs;> Ve;JNtd;.

epj;jpiu nfhs;sf;$batu;fs; ,d;Dk; ghy;Fb Foe;ij (4) gr; i r Fg; g htpd; njhlu; g py; gr; i r nfhbia

fSf;F f\;lk; Vw;gLtij mwpe;jpUe;Jk; LOUD SPEAKERS
NghLNtd; .
cila rg; j j; i j cau; j ; j p itj; j hy; ,g; g bahd

Neuq; f spy; ed; i kia ngwNtz; L k; vd; w epa; a j; (5) re;Njh\khd Kiwapy; kPyhj; tpohitf; nfhz;lhb
fhgpu;fSf;F khegp
md;dtu;fspd; kfj;J
mepahakhfp khwhf ghtpahfp tpLfpwhd;. ey;y ey;y
vz; z q; f s; ve; j sT mjpfkhf cs; s Njh me; j sT tj;ij czuitg;gNgd;. (tPl;Lf;F tPL kpd; Fkpo;fisAk;>

mjpfkhf ed;ikAk; fpilf;Fk;. ,jd; mbg;gilapy; 18 gr;ir epw nfhbfisAk; ghu;j;J K];ypk;fs; jkJ egpapd;

epa; a j; J f; f s; gpd; d hy; $wg; g LfpwJ. Mdhy; ,it gpwe;j jpdj;ij kpfTk; Nerpf;fpwhu;fs; vd;W fhgpu;fs;
epr;rakhf epidf;ff; $Lk;)

rk;G+uzk; my;y. epa;aj;ijg; gw;wpa mwpTilatu;fs;
Nkyjpfkhd ed;ikfis ngWtjw;f;fhf epa;aj;Jf;fis

41 42
K];jgh md;dtu;fs; etpd;Ws;shu;fs;: ahUf;F Kd;dhy; vd; ngau; $wg;


]ythj; XJfpd;whNuh fpahkehsd;W ehd; mtUf;F \/ghmj; nra;Ntd;. gl;L mtu; vd;kPJ ]ythj; Xjtpy;iyNah mtu; mePjk; ,ioj;Jtpl;lhu;.
(6) kP y hj; tpohit Muthug; g Lj; j p i\j; j hid (17) jdpg; g l; l Kaw; r ; r papd
papd; %yk; Fiwe; j J 12

f\;lg;gLj;JNtd;. ,];yhkpa rNfhjuu;fSf;F kjdP fh/gpyhtpy; gpuahzk;

nra;AkhW miog;ig nfhLg;Ngd;.
(7) ntspg;gilahd myq;fupg;Gld; njsgh> ,];jp/ghu;
%yk; jdJ cs;uq;fj;ijAk; myq;fupg;Ngd;. (18) kPyhj; Cu;tyj;jpy; Kbe;jtiu ghij KOtJk;

ehtpYk;> fz;fspYk; kjP d j; J g; G+l; i l Nghl;ltdhf
(8) gd;dpnuz;lhk; ,uT kPyhj; ,[;jpkhtpYk;
(mjhtJ j/tNj ,];yhkpapd; kjdp #oypNy
(9) kPyhJe; egp
ngUehsd;W ntspahFk;
fz;fisAk;> ehitAk; Ngzpg; ghJfhg;gjw;F kjPdj;Jg;
kPyhj; Cu;tyj;jpy; fye;J ehadpd; jpf;iuAk;> ehafj;jpd; G+l;L vd;W $wg;gLk;) f]Pjhf;fis Nfl;ltdhf ,d;Dk;

jpf; i uAk; nra; A k; ghf; f paj; i j ngw; W f; n fhs; t NjhL mjpfkhf ]ythj;ijAk;> ]yhikAk; $wpf;nfhs;Ntd;.
,d;Dk;

K];jghtpd; ehaNd
!vq;fSf;F re;Njh\
(10) cykhf;fisAk; khd cs;sj;JlDk; ,d;Dk; ey;y ey;y epaa ; j;Jf;fSlDk;

(11) ]hyp`Pd;fisAk; re;jpg;gJld; kPyhj; tpohit nfhz;lhLk; ghf;fpaj;ij toq;Fthahf.

NkYk; vq;fis kPyhj; tpohtpd; nghUl;lhy; Nfs;tp
(12) ehafj;jpd; Neru;fSila neUf;fj;jpd;
fzf;fpd;wp [d;dJy; fgpu;njs]pNy Eioa itg;ghahf.
gufj;Jf;fisAk; ngw;Wf; nfhs;Ntd;.
vdJ gl;Nlhiy ghtj;jhy; epuk;gp cs;sd
(13) kPyhj; Cu;tyj;jpy; jiyg;ghif mzpe;jtdhf

,d;Dk; KbAkhd msT ,iwth kd;dpj;jUs;thahf! kPyhjpd; nghUl;lhy;

(14) TSTld; ,Ug;Ngd;

(15) Cu;tyj;jpd; kj;jpapYk; k];[pJila [khmj;
njhOifia tplkhl;Nld;.

!

(16) KbAkhd msT “rpWE}y;rpWE}y; gq; f pLjy; ” Vw;ghL

nra;Ntd; (mjhtJ kf;jgJy; kjPdhtpdhy; mr;rplg;gl;l
rpW E}y;fs;> gk;fgyl; > ]{d;dj;Jf;fs; epiwe;j gahd;

Nf]l;Lf;fs; kPyhj; ,[;jpkhtpYk; ,d;Dk; Cu;tyj;jpYk;

gq;fPL nra;Ntd;)

43 44

fz;kdp ehafk; md;dtu;fs; $wpdhu;fs;: ahu; Kd;dpiyapy; vd; ngau;

jlitfs; ]ythj; XJfpwhNuh mtUf;F fpahkehsd;W vdJ \/ghmj; fpilf;Fk;.

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K];jgh md;dtu;fs; etpd;Ws;shu;fs;: ahUf;F Kd;dhy; vd; ngau; $wg;gl;L

mz;zy; egp md;dtu;fs; $wpdhu;fs;: ahu; vd; kPJ xU jlit ]ythj;

K];jgh md;dtu;fs; etpd;Ws;shu;fs;: ahUf;F Kd;dhy; vd; ngau;

K];jgh md;dtu;fs; etpd;Ws;shu;fs;: ahUf;F Kd;dhy; vd; ngau; $wg;

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