1. What is conceptual framework?

A conceptual framework is an analytical tool with several variations and contexts. It is

used to make conceptual distinctions and organize ideas. Strong conceptual
frameworks capture something real and do this in a way that is easy to remember and
apply.

A conceptual framework represents the researcher’s synthesis of literature on how to

explain a phenomenon. It maps out the actions required in the course of the study given
his previous knowledge of other researchers’ point of view and his observations on the
subject of research.

In other words, the conceptual framework is the researcher’s understanding of how the
particular variables in his study connect with each other. Thus, it identifies the variables
required in the research investigation. It is the researcher’s “map” in pursuing the
investigation.

The conceptual framework “sets the stage” for the presentation of the particular
research question that drives the investigation being reported based on the problem
statement. The problem statement of a thesis presents the context and the issues that
caused the researcher to conduct the study.

The conceptual framework lies within a much broader framework called theoretical
framework. The latter draws support from time-tested theories that embody the findings
of many researchers on why and how a particular phenomenon occurs.

2. Difference between theoretical and conceptual framework

Theoretical framework

- The theory provides point to focus for attacking the unknown in a specific area.
- If a relationship is found between two or more variables a theory should be formulated to
explain why the relationship exists.
- Theories are purposely created and formulated, never discovered; they can be tested but never
proven.
- The theoretical framework consists of theories that seem to be interrelated.

Conceptual Framework

- This consists of concepts that are placed within the logical and sequential design.
- Represents less formal structure and used for studies in which exsiting theory is inapplicable or
insufficient
- Based on specific concepts and propositions, derived from empirical observation and intuition
- May deduce theories from a conceptual framework