A sociology of attachment: music amateurs, drug users Emilie Gomart and Antoine Hennion tract ‘Aer desing objets etwas, ne tengo dese ‘stot ‘forts fad of sng on apace net ow att eed Ist the cx and thous whch ake pose coe sasitctan st ner a Sap: Oping fr su otis naar Focal we cna ‘Spon nhc oe pate ‘ny do So spy lie bt th eal sd lip The eae Def pet! deren pn the caper fo creas ae se ‘me capaci th eon wo pase oe hem Damien ‘lvene bay fete ad upon Bor mmang vg aso mi mtr ve ow haw hip sty inthe gto fe ‘thet imme aed ie os radon Schoo ‘eile bom npn o Sons tact up oppo Tino of agente jeepers anu eared, {Wats fe to bl tend tases of "ao and denne el Through te words af te ae and gave cme seit sn sa nh ea igus of eptaton to rode th ‘ave pantheon a acme whch we tp to die fal wh alm ‘ie io emuge—neve slong nor + piste dial tt ae {ae eae wi an eco id yw ate ob Introduction: fom action to pasion? ln venty years of ANT practic, objets have Been ted into et works od thereby radial eden. An anogoss projet now rtng tae shape te study of jeter The no a ‘sigue of the construction’ of he subj. Rater i a ate ‘adi Se he ea ek en A soctology of tachment to offen alternative aoount of the wap in which sujet my be ‘size, mpasiond and swept say: How o describ te devices by ch amateurs (in the widest sem) are able to put ir pasion Into patio! Thi version of acor-network they svtch fx, fiom the (alti dexente sect to what oe mig think of a the socioeshnkal “spot of passion. Unb te pesimisc interpretations of ‘usin’ and ody cht a power We {pt fora version of Foucault is wtih techni of dpi are "ot jn todo wit prohbidos, regulation and reduce, Dicptine tna alo be productive: tay see nd mip. Aad the power ‘ofthe ‘sposi etson th pollen of new compete hat iets merge “We ust cease ta shuns describe sft of poner negative tes talus ropes ut oso ‘strc tas’ hide in ft poe pads rods heel it paces domain of objets tof ‘eu. Te individual and ou nde of thisadal come om this production four tansstion, Focal 1975p 198) ‘Consens’ become the neous aspects of ting vic, if pe pared fr cele elec ad nate transformation, this hap ter we exiend sana ofthe coleive production of egeets by describing the invention of “aspeite of passon This process cs not ft the limited sociological dichotomy. Palace, Freteernised, or sabjuateidominaity sch duatoms do. not Tn what follows we comer two forms of passion, the love of ‘music an of drugs The fist i postiey valued wile he seconde no, Bat both eve sina conditions forthe eorgeae of hie tin. The attachment each involves tke the form sup consnsulyelabandonment Bodh have odo withering ia 8 ‘orl of song ensations; of asepting that “xtra Toc fake Poseson of the sof eng ‘unr the nfo’ something ‘he: of Bracketing aay onc’ own contol tnd wl node to BE ‘expelled or rendered “beste oneself To tal in thi way implies that there ace techniques, selling doves and illsive cries whieh make tis ative di-posesion pow Bt talk shout ‘hse we need top ashing, opera tas, about he sou of ection. Questions such at who act? ao longer work Instead | fosising onthe subject, we cms the mechanism trogh which this kod of “cine pain performed, Thai lads both to ‘heoretal question about th person ad emotions an to tickEle Gero Antoine terion methodological problans to do with oberon ad the tat of ‘eope' narratives about sastions and cf-lspossson. Tn tis ‘Shaper we al Hak the wo ational show tat he drug we lke the msi Ler, compete tae no put his gui ium aki the ae fan non-communicabl spereace Hor she kes rks, cxresesjlpement (eluding moral jet) fa aks choies This eats at the ato longer appetet0 te more vr es (lerated or usta binger in nao of tren. ‘Inthe st ston, then, we dics the methodolopeal advantage id ich compen Swond, we desi the common modaliies of pasion or sachet) Our argument tht cach ste olin the mix between actine and pasve: The i eal io gestion theory of ation which can ool hold one rm ofthe dshotoy t ime. Ne sap hat tere areckents or smooch th ty an passat nach "Ti, we characteris each orposkion of ctv and pasty ‘more pricy. Our objet sto go beyond the We Ha eens ae onions or prepare sila were hy describing sre cers shiny ft fond male arte (Je fae, an expen se ‘eo daw aetion vay fom the ours of action, and to sigs Instead that action fan unatspte pt fom the "posi ies ANT? need is"? ANT and theories of ato We are not ices in Maoist seers of ANT but sitter do we simply want “app” ANT to mise and dug adie, (Our interest sin contioungto use an develop ANT ty ting eto ‘uly now sea aking i Beyond i orginal dora of acto ‘rscence and wshnology sts our hope hat we can challegs therefore yt rvlutely tudinal tit, state) they ‘of action whist har een we shim, 100 hasty associated ith ‘ANT. No doubt, this asccatog es ws tt bat it ho fbscured hey aspects of ANT The shit to dierent obj of Stulyostie sence ad tchnblgy--mas it posible to igh Tight discrepancies tetwcen ANT td lntrting emis in ata ‘eon, rom ettaomathodolngsts and interactions to pepe Te 1 Suchman, D Nocman and E Ttchine. For atom heoy and ANT share similar goals 21 Both sk to go beyond an osilation ia wi anus twos ‘action as determing and acon ak dtr). Ts debate per \ A rcology of atcha sil soi as sociology isl or thi i depline thatat agey ‘onsite isl y ering the tee sje postlated by ilo sorters Both the European ical waditon aid Anglo-Arerict Posts empiri took sock to hea vay of removing atin ftom the person and reuraag i to the determinations o sir lure or he ive hand of as), Acton fier he unpra Tematc base uy of a complex gn of consrtion, witha ts [etese effects abd parades systems lo te ene. the aon of power which the human ator eaertans when nal (8 soit is sagbeal) he or heft plaything of force that she ca ‘He tbe, action i ot ested a prob in is owe ight is by-product of theo aitatons, fen sso with Political eogagesents Ax 4 result solos dees hie lent Fee informed by dealt oppostions: holm +» methodologal indvaualisn, agency ve sructare, ential eral arentaons However its skin tha the dierent positon in the debate not ofe ferent conceptions of ation. All soot fh the ‘action ofa fee subject nes to be rpc, only diring abot ‘nt form ths eplacrent might Be sue in in nena i, an fvisle ta, a elf of suture). And ll sume that the aeton ofthe subj neat be cove nto something ee. ‘One significant beet of the "networtzto th "acto was ‘hat philosophers, poycholgis and cognitive scents interested Inaction were now joined by a numberof ocoogsts. For instance, {Catlon an Law [1997] sages tha cach cme ofthe neta "rely and polo the action ofthe ealleie without ever ang 1 (or the some of actin in el. They ons (or insta) the capacity to be stati cannot be aig lo human actor within network bat shoul! be dsr a the es ote aso aon of a heterogeneous network (Compote manager fax secre- tary.) In this ay solo start ob alo speak pain shout the ation of te colle without redcing it oth elt of 2) Hoth action theory and ANT ao ck odes the aetons of inumans and nonhumans sytney. Locy Sacman' early ork serves make ts pot Ts her emma bok on plans an ‘uated ction, Suchman expe instances of rekou i omy munition feusen humans and machines Her ana Posteo think of now-umans as partners triton, Hoorever, ojos are mero pres the poverty of the resus (Re ae kaa 9 mnile Gomar ad Amine Henson ola fo objet communication sbstantay ithe sone ‘oF ioteaction between people abd machine’ [Sochima, 1987, P TSI} "Though ber ania of aowhumans i highly ofa, umes that there is adil asymmetry between obi nd mane ‘commision resumen AR nspermeabl att toon him ant Ron Auman saan and actin is not Shred orco reduce 5 Action tory and ANT ale sip the sbjost of coin, “ul common ens sapstics eary those To surround ings However oer ate 10 explore how an eft may be teheved doesnot completly cor tat of the xeon tory. For faxance, racine desert passage ig Which Wht occ 2 eal evel expats ad ees the global ANT rll fret Slory ia which oval and global agent and “sposti mutually Inc cach ther nto existence Thins closer o work eect Shgniine peycology eich argues bat ation the petlornance ‘spoilt rather than of an oda agence member ofthe collin [Novman, 1988; Hisehaue, 191; Hutehin 195 Hci for example undoes the myth ofthe capa whe aster. tnd the testy of hits The properties of the colesve hun and ship) ate ik those of ay single ae membor Dra the su of the ih. Competencies ae apd by the ‘oda and material eration of work, the tiyout ofthe inst Imes the mons of ormanicaion --- Sch acount ef situated tetion shit snabis fom the india to the cole actor AANT sty decries stor at atvctaron of a mia of le ‘scat butan and non-human. “evel sce oo that ANT secs od somthing i Fen actly what ts has bebe bred and oertoked a 4 tent of ANT prow to hears of setion. One by het of |ANT-—ilyaalyen a ntork,sollations and warsaoos—bas thing odo wit rising the ubt of action or ernst {i dstabaton. I pot a gory explosion ofthe subst nor an ‘tempt to apread it eer wer and thinner cro the leap Tato more and more heterogencogsnetworkx ANT cals «thea ‘hat rl the theory of Seton The Bewesn ation a Sate dst) actor For ANT this meas hi thy radical ‘ton of stated action not rata enough. This is becuse i ontis to askin ah apopraey deerentil ois toe se hate. Bu thi animes he action there oe dbl, stile the deinion sn sof action Saif are ot quetone, ma Mh Man ea ae A odology of atachment Thus in even the most orga tory of action assumes that the ‘ents that take place are eed "atons— deat moving ‘more and more nom humans yet ist actions wih store as thet ‘ours. To putt Hunt, the appecach does not undo the del of hums action, but alls tbe cogniine space of humane to Iigate to objet Thow in turn bene cent neliget co ranted, or purpose” Qualities wich ad bach the pegs of Ihimans snd gharnted ther dstnctvenes fron non-humns ae ‘imply rcpt o characterize the Relergenens yb cll ‘hich bosome the nw sure of ection By cist, ANT seks 1 desi the composition of hteroge cus elements in networks which progose emerging an om Indeterminate source Tht mea th “acon” no longer the ‘mii unit of acai norte ony kind of event which mig be ‘Serb. “Whar happens’ oaly somtimes takes the form of ction tat may be dstabuta to cium sours The ta fekwork opi cence and engnerog show this ery wel. This Is hecause stents, ke einer inst on doing vomething In seh cases actin” theory works cnt wh ea se fo the ‘cor the fabrication and validation of objats and thors tha ‘ork’, Science and tehnology studies detibe modes of stn, fenatelystablaed though spcte network which came (0 replace the wigue ‘ction’ of ation theo Howey, they donot Silo acces to eens that ae not stone wish to tte Fd ‘of stay in er to focus on eves ha st ose: Ad these are ‘fects which accra moment hs amateurs eater a tain di ‘osifand are astro by theratachment otc rom ‘ho act what occurs an event-network theory We ae not seeking, them, anotber theoreti ssilation batween ‘agent and svuctre as sours of ation Inte! we wat fo ge Up con and ur towards event The gal totaly ber one. ations of what occu and to highlight a de sey suggested by work on ‘medion [Hennion, 193 ist, dlgains and instptions into objcts reader thew a8 prolonatins of tons tlteady inked ekewhere; and scoad ae objet moun do ‘ot just repeat ap lay actions bt lo tans he spss {ng mays To say that objets ae "mantra way of noting that smathing“hapers without fling back to ation and tors The World is tt ently as as before nee oscred d hasite Gar and Antine Heron 4 potty of omnis Hider ots gins and termina nora lots tpn tench modi ie ams, mseums med sos anathema nse OF wor nor subs sinc i a no ap fom {he Eorpson ital ahion maton err: stan Seting wich real the lon sft an Madiaton ba tin owas wu nets what spe te ees, at cams be vec! toa crc as st ani tom pesos The sewo m ots kek pol wich to op, ‘hut ee un ne he bon the conry an ope ing “ois lnc hp setra orton f tings an an ‘ttavenes to pach dnpoutions aed cee ich te ob tom the iui opposition Berne ata eration and hua Medan ams the sous he worl fo eta fo tecetot tne ion todo fs we hme chowen objets of sn hich ext cash te taeda non Objet Wich stom ha MA i no at wih pea Ts dsinion beeen “Febmncand eepn® od in eos a aes ho dew on Ths Calf 98) ld fs stnton ‘te hy dita he erent anette ee) 1S esa The soon of can alow wo expo the bt. fea of eens ch the enue of things allo he Sere rom bees cts nmr poate fr Kd lig mel cnciatgtel nen week er inet ‘Schngs,dominaon conor urepy Tie emit tasimade poi ono soo einatons sich ‘china amet agate pacelgea) ihn he feet or toss Gaia soil wields) stich uround a deen Acany 80 not hn to chose Seth oben nd bea tie domiaion in! bison, indi aco and ation Selous mate posible 1 Seth mera of net by oan a oe ba ha which ins Rape’ (1e gt ae’ Cat Cty Gt) Fstop ot theses ora the lingo te dst ‘Abandoning ones? Pasi, emotion, being daze, cation, poweon, tans al of ‘hes re intanyo events in which thee tno acon in eer A sociology of tachment teins ora radial ese ofthe ton, They deseibe move 'n which fos f coat! i acepe and prepared for Oats hand sven ove: fo an oe, ad one abandons o's ng to wha tas 14 swe have aot, We Jono! tke ‘passion’ tn dee the wb ‘ec instrumental mastery of things nr her mechanical determi tion by things Rates, psa he hondoment offre ‘bets the saposi of the ele In our amples we do not eateoace ses that av Gin the ‘tampeof at) pur subetiv,or objets whi sen te era Die of rues) pire chemical determination ‘The sje eer ‘ored, nor nullified in i abandonment. "Action is aoe fouodussd beste there are no pure cases, no pure incon Instead human activity ade posible, ‘potenti’ ton ined by the activ of raps o he pl of ms, The emt in of he amateur by cocaine oF Back’ parte seuies rat ae ‘mations exalt condom activ work mst be done ee {0 bs moved. ‘Condiontog’ ka paridouel expression eering both wo original determinations and to the exeston of hee dete ination 1 very closet what we are ooking fo if we want 10 speak of passion. Likewise, to ‘abandon youl To atu ‘ira in whic oursel” dens the posit of pune atandon ‘ent. 1 is no echsively passe: ima the Prtpaion of both the person andthe objet Ignoring the mutual exh at sion’ snd assy mposad by the theory ot acon, the ‘maa scioe’ might ps though 4 ser of pea sate ne ‘pea. paint, reepihe, sense. These Models of Dengttng wou foster win had sumed toe plat posits pss ‘nd acini, determining ad dtrmined elle ad nda and inetion as aginst cus This understanding of passion as emerged from our reading of ising erature on at and drags was rc nays Sats !pong amateurs thasehes Thus paso st concep th ie ited. thse to cases bu eters sto fe cl * Mas: Obeyng the dualism dot sore, sce cries of at and tse aimed o identity the septs of a phenomenon (eau peau atbutable to properties ofthe sb ial € cognive structures within the iil and tho tha oud be traced back to mtu, scial or ela constsinte? Thus on the one hand, certain anaes fad Yo eral thsi and othe ote, soiologealaalyae conser works end tases Yo be socially constructed and. dtemiaed. The liter ‘Otel aed eT Ace amite Gomars an Antone Hrnion eseribe elation to patrons and sponsors, egsizations and ‘markt professions an academy odes un ss of ol co Sumption These desipons, «form of eal sostology ae important beau they focus an objets and dene a ay pe tii tention ote matey of itemedarc Ia sea soc ‘ogy of at bas alvass been soilogy of edition [lenaion, 1986). Neverthelss they ate semowtat fed. We wat fo que i the way in which they avid bot the work of art ie ad testetic experience. These ae spy smi a sales inn fame about Mey aod disicion. Ae rel of ths oppo too co seuthtcs a micor of the pot opsoation between agen aad stuctute doerbed sbine—in cial socio ‘alps any account of attic eperiene tert of Beauty, se ‘ton, or aesthetic Feige consiered misleading, beets I Presumably refcts actor) lusons about ther ow eh Moreoer, ike Darth oes 1912) art wos hie no fl ‘vty of their own: hey "3" nothing ce they ae “thing ut ‘he material production of ours as colleen In contrast to this amateurs ignore this polar opposition when ‘ey deserbe ow they prepare ors eve In ehoming this We ‘eed to ome cle tat lover own anes and pats 10 ‘hac descriptions fa sa experience of plese, a at exe ‘on and emotion coll ved by subjects an bodies through spel objects and prosodues Tel desrpirs suggest that Xe ‘anno! bests wit esplaitions of ‘eau? the conven Taal pent of eolecve ate [Boke 197, 198] oo a {as bel an tk (Boule, 1980, 208), Amat own deny ton thus contribute toa growing erature mbit document the sleet was humans and dspsiis might pipe nde Jing what ceca (or instance Inthe Mestre en erbodincat) Taseis mater the aration office suet the action of 8 determin, las, is a concrete acy whose modes, di post andprotes can be dascribd, A rock cnet, ose "ure exhibit, docs not bring tosther already exiting oes, subjects and socal proupings—athr this conjunc eet in whi the eleant objects, subject, ad socal grouping ae ‘o-proiuesd [Henson snd Gren, 198) Tas turns dase ‘Sateen analyis of determined tastes for dtrnined algo iesnto new ethnography of amateur practices + Drug: Resent developmens i the rate fulton hve to new dicourses and practices rapt the begining of he zs ea and ee A sciolgy of atacinent iba in the id vexe principal dened by serine Keilor: ahd" pocologtallonksed teat sine ‘etre baka by doy paarmcotpn nove chee the War on dr, densing dg hemses We a oe tem fy lining ha etion they Sug toa “pide By cont ene specs shies fa ster dod eeepc pscoloal ad sc ions te Ty ial trae change ces hae sd sockiy The pate ned e's "nay oe ‘ne with is tn rears Bt ss dtl a he ng stato the tvs Harm sti promotes emerged hs iso as important cus fhe te Thee lw aes (sth 1970 each ow painng dagen ans ten ‘nd perhaps harm tothe in? Aw they poeoges Dorms Do key nde Wloga! peiysiona'o the tar, Incolopeal anfraaon csned by chen dat omjomote'shive aus ht ation splits ere the onc’ ction of upon he eso es pein the cover’ action of dag onthe boli of we peg ‘re comet ey hme delay fossel he fee Aspect othe ml al the pole pesto indus and ot on logan Sal deerme Ts the ham-educton promot intoducd the substae g til deen in change. Drags were ree ot Sele ‘hemi doers bt a oct nh cul at be sce rope alte apse appetcsie be ho e Ha hen iene, The deerton of dag ft poesed thir comtinget care the denon of hen, fae ha ote moder yresosto thes all depen cn whee Iwas wed. What nas Compare ue ineceiy ‘ality etccuon derby fr ers md iy af af prcrion (css when ng wa ial ee So inthe spa tanto of race ate bginn a the ag needed ont poperts ht ier an ig iret comet elton elven dr nd rod sheior an scr ities ‘Aa reark abut test ofan a0 constants, These vete depicted as wet y pochoogcly erat spec ‘sai By mat, the hamraiion, promot ply fred ite interpretation of Foust decal con Consints miht a ta chnge an tng ote deta ton of the nul Mead the wor fon as na (Tea aed cee) xle Gomer cn Ane Homion experiment on constant’ Fears of medication’ were not Sly forgotten, but the practi eft of ras had to be ‘tpl Drugs cou then be described sd wesniques be Wed ‘ut where hese di nt jst impact eon uses, be were eens ‘fa disposi ough whieh the wet passed and which tentatively ‘ode bis mode of eusence: Sutton ds we ha > ‘eat which erie spesi to Dovane ee gat ae Manic and dope: comparing intaces of attaches ‘Our stenion tothe actor’ own debates might apt thal we ra to reat the solo, te msc mata aa the drug wer 2s colleagues. Promoting actor to the salus of soeologsts or sop to be sure a polticaly sympathetic cal. Howes, {o pram equa (hati enti) betwen sxlogsts on the the techniques the ssiologst needs to we ithe sarvewee 10 ecome a communicative and eompetent witness. Fo te compe Tent amateur nota neal guide Nether i shea Me. sea ste a evant coexpernente concer wih alable and com Strcine attachment Shee mist not only Be sex asian the same bind of exerinent, bt as portly sociological ‘experts Both we and they foo rea-sme experiential fn which diferent hypothetical savers tots uation ets, ations or te pleauce nde it soutce a chemi, the cot ose. in he station, the shared tus the eshnigues fs Preparton posi what arte’ knowlege nd experiments reall abou, But abo what out theortea! debates Between 0 fps o therapist te conse wi Even A tb mea at We soabout finding avers in very illeent mays. Aether clacton. We have ike drug and muse ina dei eae attempt 12 muisain comparability between two kinds of ‘athens “adictions, o ‘obligations which ae moral gute Aisact This ope te fen sipping into dasours of pai OF ‘ome The danger hat them rata matilous Compo tion of esau: his thaadonment, would quely come spat of atey ito the sulin, a eal of superior seas we the ‘drug wer’ equally meticulous eomposton of plewsure ad aba ‘doament would Teck ike the decline of the suje nto slavery ot ‘an infrior level of ntenionaly. Atending to ane comparing the 0 eMedia en 9 A scelogy of atone Sits nthe pais the gots he ts, he word ‘eso dog and manne on eine ao te ino dual, Forth ame qaicaoos which might seme Condon edger who king ly aon sd a tk coun, apy 2 mah othe muse secu as ims hs sous nd ashamed 72 puso or mia cs, a ought he fmf ation ate Hotel Chea as a rain sums aot the tne Neer teal eptaionted ghslul ea eo ferscship. Tork uo Sak worst theo wom oe i tw tings to weg {tet snd) bento bongo ce age ‘eit eo iho erent doc a {© same comegienn sen tan poe ugh at Sips Ya fr rasan that we pee by tw spe hoe ne ‘inst on conten an theo addons Paninge The amateur expernens with the efikeny of dene “esho- excels Wiha pos om of ste she eres hr ‘ecology fr She cule naif reasie and bath ct: un calcio na ya otal se Sates and higher colts. Thow ree an nt inl {hey ca easly be relat oth to ther debt nse oy acute oon ug ston. Hae ee more cope sig th wean in ieven: * tom the body 0 the “ead (mechanical, ply, corporeal fet and fengsprsonal psychology ofthe wes) + gm the ney te to he oll ed ci ing (ato sont come oleh + om te expertise af aking’ Yo the Sasdonnent of eine (hat dat appt ms) + fom the mata eceey of obs ‘theme! to objets as alton (hat comes fom the proper of tag hap en throwgh tings) + om te tcc! mastery of time oration 10 ls of contol (wha procedures ma be okeedha tes teow vermin) s