Modul Al-Kimiya Bab 03 — Formula Kimia dan Persamaan Chapter 03 — Chemical Formulae and Equation 3.1 Memahami dan mengaplikasikan konsep jisim atom relatif dan jisim molekul relatif Understanding and applying the concepts of relative atomic mass and relative molecular mass 3.2 Menganalisis hubungan antara bilangan mol dengan bilangan zarah Analysing the relationship between the number of moles with the number of particles 3.3 Menganalisis hubungan di antara bilangan mol bahan dengan jisim Analysing the relationship between the number of moles of a substance with its mass 3.4 Menganalisis perhubungan di antara bilangan mol gas dengan isipadu Analysing the relationship between the number of moles of a gas with its volume Mensintesis formula kimia ‘Synthesising chemical formulae 3.6 Mentafsirkan persamaan kimia Interpreting chemical equations 3.7 Mengamalkan sikap saintifik dan nilai murni dalam penyiasatan tentang jirim Practising scientific attitudes and values in investigating matter 47 | kemaskini: Jan2017 |cikguadura.wordpress.comModul Al-Kimiya Bab 03 ~ Formula dan Persamaan Kimia | Chap. 03 ~ Chemical Formulae and Equation A. Jisim Atom Relatif (JAR) dan Jisim Molekul Relatif (JMR) Relative Atomic Mass (RAM) and Relative Molecular Mass (RMM) Sensarai semak Check tst ‘+ menyatakan maksud jisim atom relatif bendasarkan + state the meaning of relative atomle mass based on karbon -12 ‘carbon-12 seale, +menyatakan maksud jisim molekul relatif berdasarkan | « state the meaning of relative molecular mass based on kearbon-12 carbon-12 scale, ‘+smenyatakan sebab karbon-12 digunakan sebagal plawal | state why earbon-12 is used as a standard for determining untuk menentulan jsim atom relatif dan jisim molekul | relative atomic mass and relative molecular mass, relat + calaulate the relative molecular mass of substances, + menghitung jsim molekul relatif bahan 1, Atom adalah sangat kecil dan ringan. Jisim atom adalah hampir mustahil untuk ditimbang oleh mana-mana instrumen. An atom is very tiny and light. The mass of an atom is impossible to be weighed by any instrument. . Cara yang sesuai untuk menentukan jisim atom adalah dengan membandingkan jisim sesuatu bahan dengan jisim atom piawai /standard. A suitable way to determine the mass of an atom is by comparing its mass with the mass of a standard atom. 3. Dari tahun 1961, Kesatuan Dalaman Ahli Kimia dan Fizik telah bersetuju untuk menggunakan satu piawaian baru bagi Jisim Atom Relatif iaitu isotop karbon-12. From the year 1961, the Internal Unions of Chemists and Physicists agreed on a single on new standard for Relative Atomic Mass, used the isotope carbon-12. 4. Karbon-12 dipilih kerana ia adalah pepejal dan mudah dikendalikan. Ia juga digunakan sebagai rujukan standard /piawai dalam spektrometer jisim. Carbon-12 is chosen because it is a solid and can be easily handled. it is also used as a reference standard in the mass spectrometer. a. Jisim Atom Relatif (JAR) bagi Unsur, Ar Relative Atomic Mass (RAM) of an element, A, 1. Berdasarkan skala karbon-12, Jisim Atom relatif bagi unsur ialah Based on carbon-12, the Relative Atomic Mass for an element is = Jisim purata satu atom unsur The average mass of an atom of the element _1_ x Jisim atom karbon-12 _1_ x the mass of an atom of carbon-12 12 12 2. Contoh : Jisim atom relatif untuk : Example: Relative Atomic Mass, A, for (ace 12) (i) 0 | =16 (ii) Mg = 24 (ivy) K = -=39 () cl =35.5 (vi) Na =23 4B | kemaskini: Jan2017 |cikguadura.wordpress.comModul Al-Kimiya Bab 03 ~ Formula dan Persamaan Kimia | Chap. 03 ~ Chemical Formulae and Equation Aktiviti 1: Cari Jisim Atom Relatif bagi unsur-unsur di bawah. Activity 1: Find the Relative Atomic Mass of these elements. Unsur Jisim Atom Relatif Unsur Jisim Atom Relatif Element Relative Atomic Mass Element Relative Atomic Mass Kalsium, Ca Bromin, Br Calcium, Ca ae Bromine, Br wy Natrium, Na Argentum, Ag Sodium, Na ae Silver, Ag ad Ferum, Fe Sesium Iron, Fe Caesium, Cs aoe Kuprum, Cu Plumbum, Pb Copper, Cu is ‘Lead, Pb a4 Karbon, C Klorin, Cl Carbon, C ja Chlorine, Cl cane Hidrogen, H 7 Flourin, F 1 Hydrogen, H Fluorine, F Kalium, K Aluminium, Al Potassium, K om Aluminium, Al ou b. Jisim Molekul Relatif untuk bahan, M, Relative Molecular Mass of a substance, M, 1, Molekul adalah sekumpulan bahan yang terdiri dari dua atau lebih unsur-unsur yang bergabung bersama secara kimia. A molecule is a group of two or more elements which are chemically bonded together. 2. Berdasarkan skala karbon-12, Jisim Molekul Relatif bagi molekul ialah: Based on the carbon-12, the Relative Molecular Mass for molecule is Jisim purata bagi suatu molekul bahan 1/12 x jisim atom karbon-12 = The Average mass of a molecule of the substance 1/12 x the mass of an atom of carbon-12 . Contoh: Hitungkan Jisim Molekul Relatif air, H.0. Example: Calculating Relative Molecular Mass, M, for water, HO M, = Jumlah semua JAR, A: bagi atom yang hadir dalam satu molekul. the sum of RAM, A; of all atoms present in one molecule. Jisim Atom Relatif hidrogen Formula molekul ‘Molecular formula Relative Atomic Mass hydrogen M, Air/ Water, fi) + 16 = 18 2atom hidrogen 2 hydrogen atoms Jisim Atom Relatif oksigen Relative Atomic Mass oxygen 49 | kemaskini: Jan2017 |cikguadura.wordpress.com