KHARIGAD KHOLA BRISGE

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KHARIGAD KHOLA BRIDGE ABUTMENT DESIGN
Data for Design
Length of single span = 20 m
Carriageway width, Bc = 4.25 m
Overall width of Bridge,
Bridge Bo = 5 00 m
5.00

No. of main girder = 2

Dimensions of the longitudinal girder is taken as follows:
Length (L si ) = 20.00 m
Breadth (B si ) = 0.40 m
Thickness(Tsi) = 1.70 m
Distance betn girders = 2.90 m

No. of cross beams = 6

For the design purposes the dimensions of the cross beam is taken as follows:
Length (L si ) = 2 90 m
2.90
Breadth (B si ) = 0.30 m
Thickness(Tsi) = 1.40 m
Distance betn cross beams = 4.00 m

For the design purposes the dimensions of the internal slab is taken as follows:
Length (L si ) = 4.00 m Hence, effec.span in long.dir. = 3.70 m
Breadth (B si ) = 2.90 m Hence, effec.span in transv.dir. = 2.50 m
Thickness(Tsi) = 0.20 m
Avg. pavement cover over Slab(T sp ) = 0.08 m
kerb/footpath
breadth = 0.375 m at bottom and 0.225 m at top
height = 0.5 m
For design purpose dimension of cantilever slab is taken as
Length (L si ) = 1.00 m
Breadth (B si ) = 1.050 m from c/c of outer girder
Breadth (B si ) = 0.850 m from outer face of outer main girder
Breadth of carriageway = 0.675 m from c/c of outer girder
0.475 m from outer face of outer main girder
Thickness(Tsi) = 0.150 m at the end
Thickness(Tsi) = 0.350 m at outer face of main girder
Avg pavement cover over Slab(T sp )
Avg. = 0 08 m
0.08

2. DESIGN OF SUBSTRUCTURE

2.1 DESIGN OF LEFT ABUTMENT

The freebody diagram of the R.C.C Abutment is shown below:

i=0
Pa

b = 90
A

Dimensions taken for the design of abutment:

Retaining wall Bottom level of base = 0.00
Length = 5.000 m Road level = 9.20
Breadth = 1.300 m at bottom 1.30 m at top
Height = 6.150 m CG of retain. wall from point A = 0.650 m
Ballast wall
Length = 5.000 m
Breadth = 0.300 m
Height = 1.750 m height of superstr. plus bearing
Return wall without pav.cover
No. = 2
Breadth = 0.300 m Height of Return wall H1= 3
Length = 3.200 m Height of Return wall H2= 1
Total height of abutment = 7.900 m

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Approach slab
Length = 5m
Breadth = 3.2 m
Thickness = 0.2 m
Foundation is open foundation
Length = 5.00 m
Width 6.00 m Heel 2.000 m
Toe 1.700 m
Thick. Abut. Stem 1.300 m
5.000 m
Height of footing = 1.3

Volume = 39.00 m3 W = 936.00 KN

2.1.1 CALCULATION OF LOAD

STRESS DUE TO DEAD LOAD

S.N Elements Unit No. L(m) B(m) H(m) Volume Unit Wt Total Wt
Dead Load of Superstructure
1 Hand rails rm 4 20.60 82.40 0.06 4.94
2 Railing posts cum 11 0.15 0.15 1.00 0.25 24 5.94
3 Wearing course cum 1 20.60 4.25 0.08 7.00 22 154.09
4 Kerbs cum 2 20.60 0.30 0.50 6.18 24 148.32
5 Deck slab i) rectangle cum 1 20.60 3.30 0.20 13.60 24 326.30
ii)trapezoid cum 2 20.60 0.85 0.25 8.76 24 210.12
6 Main Girder i) fillets cum 2 20.60 0.30 0.15 0.93 24 22.25
ii) webs cum 2 20.60 0.40 1.50 24.72 24 593.28
7 Internal Cross Girder i) fillets cum 8 2.50 0.15 0.15 0.23 24 5.40
ii) webs cum 4 2.50 0.30 1.20 3.60 24 86.40
8 End Cross Girder i) fillets cum 2 2.50 0.15 0.15 0.06 24 1.35
ii) webs cum 2 2.50 0.30 1.20 1.80 24 43.20
Total Dead load of the superstructure 1601.59
Total DL coming to one abutment = 800.797

Dead Load of Abutment

retaining wall 5.000 1.300 6.150 39.98 24 959.40
return walls 2 3.200 0.300 2.00 3.84 24 92.16
ballast wall 5.000 0.300 1.75 2.63 24 63.00
1114.56

STRESS DUE TO LIVE LOAD

Live load due to class A loading:

Maximum load on the given abutment is produced when the train of load is positioned as shown in the figure:
Axle Load,KN 27 27 114 114 68 68 68 68
xi , m 20.0 18.8 14.5 11.5 8.5 5.5
yi 1.00 0.94 0.73 0.58 0.43 0.28
load, KN 114.0 107.16 49.30 39.10 28.90 18.70
M i
Maximum totall li
live lload
d = 357
357.2
2 KN
Load due to impact = 357.16 x 0.173 = 61.8161538 KN
Live load including impact = 357.2 + 61.81615385 = 419.0 KN
Maximum live load to abutment = 419.0 KN

CL
114KN

114KN

68KN

68KN

68KN

68KN

2.2 4.3 3 3 3

20

0.73 0.58 0.43 0.28

1 0.94

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CALCULATIONOF EARTH PRESSURE FOR RETAINING WALL

Horizontal earth pressure due to backfil

Corresponding to F= 29 ° of the backfill material

3
g = 18 KN/m
Ka = 0.3087 ( Coulomb's theory applicable )
2
Ep1 = Ko x g h /2 = 173.4 KN/m h= 7.900 m
Horizontal component of earth pressure = 173.4 cos 20 = 162.9 KN/m
which acts at 0.42 x h = 3.32 m from the top of footing base.
Verticle component of earth pressure = 173.4 x sin 20 = 59.29670046 KN/m
which acts at 0.650 m inward from the CG of wall.

Total Horizontal Thrust, E 1 = Ep1 x L = 814.6 KN

Total Vertical Thrust, E2 = Ep2 x L = 296.5 KN

WEIGHT OF BACKFILL BEHIND THE ABUTMENT

Wb = 4.4 x 2.000 x 7.9 x 18 = 1251.36 KN

STRESS DUE TO SEISMIC FORCES

Horizontal Forces due to seismicity are computed using the formula as shown in IS Code 1893 or IRC - 6

F eq = axbx l xG

where a= 0.08 for the zone V of seismic intensity

b= 1.2 for medium soil with isolated footing
l= 1 importance factor

Thus seismic coefficient is taken as 0.096

a. Seismic force due to Superstructure = 0.096 x 800.797 = 76.876512 KN

height of action of the force = 6.15 + 0.025 + 1.70 / 2 =
= 7.025 m

b. Seismic force due to Abutment = 0.096 x 1115 = 106.99776 KN

act at cg of abutment = 3.95 m

c. Seismic force due to Back fill = 0.096 x 1251.36 = 120.13056 KN

acts at cg = 3.95 m

d. Seismic Force Due to Live Load = 0.096 x 419.0 = 40.22171077 KN

STRESS DUE TO WATER CURRENT

Horizontal
i l Thrust
h ddue to water current iis iignored,
d bbecause iit usually
ll contributes
ib to the
h stability
bili
of the wall and the load case with seismic condition does not concide with HFL.

STRESS DUE TO BUOYANCY

No bouancy effect as Water Level below the foundation level
Elevation HFL (Design) = 1301.49 m
Elevation of abutment end = 1296.94 m
Depth effective to Buoyancy = 4.55 m
3
Submerged volume of abutment = Ap x Db = 38.311 m
2
where Ap = 8.42 m

3
Submerged volume of pilecap = 0 m

Submerged volume of Backfill = 40.04 m3

Reduction of weight due to Buoyancy = 78.351 t

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STRESS DUE TO LONGITUDINAL FORCES
Due to Tractive Effort or Braking Force
Braking Force due to Class A tracked load = @20% of live load/2 + @10% of Live load due to superstructure =
= 97.29761538 KN
h i h off the
height h li
line off action
i off the
h bbrake
k ffrom the
h road
d llevell = 11.2
2m 12 m
1.2
height of the bearing level from the top of base = 6.150 m
Due to Resistance in Bearing (Temperature)
Severe moment is produced when the LL is within span. Assume frictional coeff. = 0.225 in free bearing
= 0.2 in other bearing
Frictional resistance at free bearing = 274.4 KN
Frictional resistance of fixed bearing = 244.0 KN
Unbalanced frictional force = 30.5 KN
Line of action of the force from the bottom of the abutment = 6.150 m

STRESS DUE TO WIND LOAD

Exposed height of structure = depth of the beams + thickness of slab +

+ height of kerb =
= 2.20 m
Exposed area contributing to wind pressure = 44 m²

Avg. height of superstructure from the bed = 6.000 m

intensity of wind load = 0.73 KN/m²
velocity of wind = 107 km/hr
The design is to be conducted for one span only loaded with class A train of vehicle
Length of Class A train = 20.4 m

a. Wind Force on Surface (SS) = 0.73 x 44 = 32.12 KN

b. Wind Force on Moving

vehicle Class A train = 20.4 x 3= 61.2 KN
acts at 1.5 m above road level = 1.500 m
Maximum load is obtained in exposed area = 93.3 KN
For lateral direction
wind load = 93.3 KN
acts at = 7.900 m

SUMMARY OF LOADS FOR DESIGN OF ABUTMENTS

S.No. Load Vertical (KN) Horizontal (KN) Arm Moment (KN)

Longit. dir Later. (m) Longit. Later.
1 Superstructure
1.1 Dead load of SS(D) 800.80 - - - - -
1.2 Live Load of SS (L) including impact 418.98 - - - - -

Substructure
2 DL of abutment(E) - - - - - -
Retaining wall 959.40
959 40 -
Return wall - Top section 92.16 (1.72) (158.21)
Ballast wall 63.00 (0.50) (31.50)
Backfill (BF) 1,251.36 - - - - -
Earth pressure (EP)
(EP1) 296.48 814.58 3.32 2,702.78

Due to overburden(EP2) - - - - - -
Frontal passive soil mass (EP3) - - - - - -
3 Buoyancy (B) - - - - - -
4 Longitudinal force
41
4.1 Tractive force (T) - 97 30
97.30 6.15
6 15 598.38
598 38
4.2 Due to temperature (F) - 30.49 6.15 187.54
4.3 Wind Load - - - - - -
4.4 Centrifugal force (CF) - - - - - -
4.5 Thrust due to water current (WC) - - - - - -
4.6 Seismic forces (FS)
on superstructure - 76.88 76.88 7.03 540.06 540.06
on abutment - 107.00 107.00 3.95 422.64 422.64
on live load - - 40.22 9.40 - 378.08
from backfill - 120.13 120.13 3.95 474.52 474.52
Load combination Group II (Normal+Temp. condition)
D + L + E + Ep1+ Ep2 + Ep3+ T + F + CF
2,630.82 942.37 - 3,298.99 -
Load combination Group IV (for Seismic dry condition)
D + L + E + Ep1+ Ep2 + T + F + CF + FS 3,882.18 1,246.38 344.23 4,736.21 1,815.30

Note: Moment is taken at the critical section at the bottom of the ABUTMENT

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2.1.2 STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF ABUTMENT RETAINING WALL

Design of the returning wall will be done based on normal loading condition, but checked on maximum loading
Design parameters
Vertical force = 2631 KN
Long. Moment = 3299 KN-m
(Under combination group IV the permissible increase of stress is 50%, hence
Combination I governs the design longitudinal moment)

Substructures are designed using M20 concrete and Fe415 steel reinforcement

Parameters for RCC design For M20 & Fe415

Conccrete M20 sbc = 7 N/mm2 m 13.333
neutral axis coeff. n1 0.329
sst = 190 N/mm2 a1 0.890
moment resistance factor Q 1.026

Approximate Area of Steel reinforcement required is calculated considering singly reinforced beam theory

Ast = M/ (t x .9 x d) = 16292 mm2 3258.386982

Provide 25 mm dia. bars Ast = 490.625 mm2

Required spacing = 146.1 mm c/c Provide at 140 mm c/c ok

Area of reinforcement provided, Ast = 16996.65179 mm2

r= 0.261486951 % > 0.2 %

At the frontal face, the design moment is greatly reduced because of lack of earth pressure.
Therefore on this side provide only 50 % of the main reinforcement

Ast = 16292 x0.5 = 8146 mm2

Provide 20 mm dia. bars Ast = 314 mm2

Required spacing = 187.0 mm c/c Provide at 150 mm c/c ok
Area of reinforcement provided, Ast = 10152.66667 mm2

Same spacing of reinforcement is provided on the side faces of the abutment.

Distribution re-bar
Providing 0.12% of cross sectional area = 0.0012 x 1300 x 1000= 1560 mm2

Provide 12 mm dia. bars Ast = 113.04 mm2

Required spacing = 144.9 mm c/c Provide at 140 mm c/c at both faces. ok

Check for stresses

Normal Thrust , W = 3882177 N

Bending Moment = 4736208991 N-mm
Ecentricity, e = 1219.988014 mm > 303.125 mm
breadth, b = 5000 mm m= 13.3
Total depth , D = 1300 mm
Effective depth, d = 1212.5 mm
Compressive steel cover, dc = 75 mm Ac = 10152.67 mm2
Tensile steel cover, dt = 75 mm At = 16996.65 mm2

t= m* c ( d - n) /n
tc = ( m - 1 ))*c*
c ( n - dc ) / n

As total forces on the section balance

(b * n * c )/ 2 + Ac * tc - At * t = W

Substituting the value of t and tc

(b * n * c )/ 2 + Ac * ( m - 1 )* c* ( n - dc ) / n - At * m* c* ( d - n) /n = W

2500 nc + 125216 c * ( n - 75 )/n- 226622 * c * ( 1212.5 - n ) / n = 3882176.656

c/n ( 2500 n 2 + 125216 n - 9391217 - 274779204 + 226622 n ) = 4E+06
2
c/n ( 2500 n + 351838 n - 284170421 )= 3882176.656 ( i )

Taking moments of all forces about the tensile steel, we get

(b * n * c )/ 2 *( d - n / 3) + Ac * tc (d- dc ) = W * ( e + D /2 - dt)
Substituting the value of tc
(b * n * c )/ 2 *( d - n / 3) + Ac *( m - 1 )*c* ( n - dc ) / n * (d- dc ) = W * ( e + D /2 - dt)

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2500 n c ( 1212.5 - n / 3 ) + 142433453 c(n- 75 )/n= 6968460568
2
c/n( 3031250 n - 833.3 n 3 + 142433453 n - 10682508958 ) = 6.968E+09 ( ii )

Dividing equation ( ii ) by ( i )

3031250 n2 - 833.3 n 3 + 142433453 n - 10682508958

2
2500 n + 351838 n - 284170421 = 1794.988

3 2
833.3 n - 3031250 n - 142433453 n + 10682508958 =

2
= - 4487470.036 n - 631545435 n + 5.1008E+11

3 2
n + 1747.46404 n + 586934 n - 599279988 = 0

The equation equates to -26515125 when n = 397.72 mm

-26515125 when n = 397.72 mm
Substituting the value of n in the equation ( ii )

Compressive stress developed in concrete, c = 5.86 N/mm2 <1.3*6.7 safe

Compressive stress developed in steel, tc = (m-1) c (n -dc) / n = 58.635071 N/mm2 safe
Tensile stress developed in steel, t = m c ( d - n) / n = 160 N/mm2 safe

Check for shear stress:

Critical secion for shear in case of abutment stem is considered at distance d = 1212.5 mm from the junction
of base slab.
slab
Horizontal force due to soil pressure = 593.18 KN
Breaking force = 97.30 KN A
Longitudinal force due to temperature effect = 30.49 KN
Shear force V = 720.97 KN

Shear stress = V/(b d) = 0.11723 N/mm2

Permissible shear stress without shear reinforcement t c = k1.k2.tco

Where, k1 = 1.14 - 0.7 d >= 0.5 ( d in m )
k2 = 0.5 + 0.25 p >=1, p = percentage of long. reinforcement
tco = basic values given for different grades of concrete = 0 34 Mpa for M20 concrete
0.34
Here, k1 = 0.5 and k2 = 1.00
2
tc = 0.5 x 1 x 0.34 = 0.17 N/mm2 > 0.1172 N/mm
ok
2.1.3 DESIGN OF BALLAST WALL

RCC balast wall (as shown in the figure) monolithic to the abutment has been designed.
0.30 m
1.750 m

CALCULATION OF DEAD LOAD STRESSES

Dead load from the approach slab (triangular portion) = 38.4 KN
= 7.68 KN/m

Dead load of the Ballast wall = 63 KN

= 12.6 KN/m

Earth pressure from the back fill = Ka x γ x h2 /2 = 9.93 KN/m

γ= 21 KN/m3
Ka = 0.3087

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LIVE LOAD STRESS CALCULATION

Class A (tr) load component on wall , LL =

= 228.000 KN
= 45 600
45.600 KN/m
Add impact to live load @ , I = 0.1 = 4.560 KN/m
e= 0.15 m from axis of ballast wall

Horizontal Load due to braking of train of vehicle class A vehicle, T =(0.2 ) x(27+114*2) = 51.0 KN
(Front vehicle only considered) = 10.2 KN/m

Compaction load is maximum at the depth of 1.2m from the top.

P comp = 25.2 KN/m

Maximum shear force on section I-I

åH = T or Pcopm
Pcopm+ Ep = 35.1 KN/m
åV = DL + LL + I = 70.4 KN/m

Moment given due to the forces on the critical section I - I at the base of the ballast wall
åM = ( LL + I) x e + T x h + Ep x h /3 =
= 43.40 KN-m/m

Area of vertical steel reinforcement required

Ast = M / (t x j x d) = 1069.48 mm2/m

Provide 16 mm dia bars @ 150 c/c

Area of steel provided = 1339.733333 cm2/m
Provide 12 mm dia bars @ 150 c/c on the opposite face
Area of steel provided = 753.6 cm2/m
Horizontal links are provided of 12 mm dia. bars @ 200 c/c

2.1.4 DESIGN OF RETURN WALLS

These will be monolithic with the back wall. They are joined together through 300 mm x 300 mm fillets.
The loads acting on the wing wall (return wall) would be earth pressure and horizontal force from the compaction of backfill by roller.

STRESS DUE TO VERTICAL LOADS

All the stresses are calculated for the critical section I-I at the bottom face of the abutment
Dead load of the returnwall = 3.200 x 2.000 x 0.300 x 24 = 46.08 KN
= 14.40 KN/m
Vert. Compaction load from roller = 60 KN 12.00 KN/m
Add Impact due to LL @ 0.25= 15.00 KN 3.00 KN/m

STRESSES DUE TO HORIZONTAL FORCES

Horizontal Thrust due to vert load from roller =q*ka = 4.950 KN/m

Moment due to hor. component of vertical loads = 25.344 KN-m/r.m

Earth pressure from the backfill = ka x rs x h^2/2 = 12.96 KN/m

Moment due to earth pressure = 66.375 KN-m

Total horz. uniformly distributed load = 4.95 + 12.96 = 17.91 KN/m

Totall Moment = 25.34 + 66.37 = 91.72
depth required = ÖM /( Q x b ) = 211.3815661 mm
where b = ( 3000 + 1000 ) / 2 = 2000 mm
Provide overall depth = 300 mm

Tensile steel re-bar equired = 2240.80 mm2

Provide 16 mm dia. bars Ast = 200.96 mm2
Required spacing = 170.4 mm c/c Provide at 150 mm c/c ok

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2.1.5 DESIGN OF FOUNDATION

Foundation is designed as open foundation of the rectangular shape
Length = 5.00 m
Breadth = 6 00 m
6.00 heel 2 350 m
2.350
toe 1.350 m
width of abutment 1.300 m
Height = 1.3 m 5.000
Concrete cover 75 mm
DEAD LOAD due to foundation = 936.0 KN

CALCULATIONOF EARTH PRESSURE FOR FOUNDATION

Horizontal earth pressure due to backfill

Ka = 0.3087 As calculated earlier for abutment stem. ( Coulomb's theory applicable )

2
Ep1 = Ka x g h /2 = 235.13 KN/m h= 9.200 m
Horizontal component of earth pressure = 235.1 x cos 20 = 220.945994 KN/m
which acts at 0.42 x h = 3.86 m from the bottom of footing base.

Pressure due to surcharge: As approach slab has been provided no surcharge load is to be taken as per code.

WEIGHT OF BACKFILL BEHIND THE ABUTMENT

Wb = 5.000 x 2.350 x 7.900 x 18.00 = 1670.9 KN

Wf = 5.000 x 1.700 x 0 x 18.00 = 0.0 KN

acts at 1.65 m from centre of abutment

Seismic force due to Foundation = 0.096 x 936.0 = 89.856 KN

act at cg of abutment = 0.65 m

Seismic force due to back fill = 0.096 x 1670.9 = 160.4016 KN

act at cg of backfill = 5.25 m from the bottom of found. base

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SUMMARY OF LOADS FOR DESIGN OF FOUNDATION

S.No. Load Vertical (KN) Horiz L. arm M[r] M(o) Remarks

(KN) (m) KN-m KN-m
1 Superstructure
1.1 Dead load of SS(D) 800.80 - 2.35 1,881.87 -
1.2 Live Load on SS including impact (L) 418.98 - 2.35 984.59 -

Substructure
2 DL of abutment(E)
Retaining wall 959.40 - 2.35 2,254.59 -
Return wall 92.16 - 4.07 374.78 -
Ballast wall 63.00 - 2.85 179.55 -

Backfill (BF) 1,670.85 - 4.00 6,683.40 -

Backfill (FR) - - - - Not Applicable
Earth pressure (EP)
Triangular dry(EP1) - 1,104.73 (3.86) - (4,268.68)

Due to overburden(EP2) - - - - - Not Applicable

Frontal passive soil mass (EP3) - - - - - Not Applicable
DL of foundation 936.00 - 3.00 2,808.00 -

3 Buoyancy (B) - - - - - Not Applicable

4 Longitudinal force
4.1 Breaking (breaking) force (T) - 97.30 (7.45) - (724.87)
4.2 Due to temperature (F) - 30.49 (7.45) - (227.18)
4.3 Wind Load

4.4Centrifugal force (CF) - - - - - Not Applicable

4.5Thrust due to water current (WC) - - - - - Not Applicable
4.6Seismic forces (FS)
on superstructure - 76.88 (7.03) -
on abutment - 107.00 (3.95) -
on live load - - - -
on foundation - 89.86 (0.65) -
from backfill - 160.40 ((5.25)) -
Load combination Group I (N+T condition)
D + L + E + Ep1+ Ep2 +BF+ T + F + CF 4,941.18 1,232.52 15,166.79 (5,220.73)
Load combination Group IV (for Seismic dry condition)
D + L + E + Ep1+ Ep2 +BF+ T + F + CF + FS 4,941.18 1,666.65 15,166.79 (4,495.86)

Note: Moment is taken about the toe for check against overturning .

For Normal condition For Seismic condition

P= 4941 KN P= 4941 KN
Mnet = Mr-Mo= 9946.06 Mnet = Mr-Mo= 10670.93156 KN-m
x = Mnet/P= 2.01289 x = Mnet/P= 2.15959037 m
e = b/2-x'= 0.98711 ok e = b/2-x'= 0.84040963 ok
Pmax=P/A*(1+6*e/b) = 327.289 KN/m2 Pmax=P/A*(1+6*e/b) = 303.1267019 KN/m2
Pmin=P/A*(1-6*e/b) = 2.123 KN/m2 Pmin=P/A*(1-6*e/b) = 26.28550831 KN/m2
Where, A=b x L = 30 m2

CHECK AGAINST OVERTURNING

Case: Normal
Factor of Safety against overturning =Mres/Mov= 15166.79091 / 5220.72659 = 2.9 > 2.0 Safe
Case: Seismic
F t off S
Factor Safety
f t against
i t overturning
t i =Mres/Mov=
M /M 15166
15166.79091
79091 / 4495
4495.85935
85935 = 33.4
4 >1
>1.5
5SSafe
f

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CHECK AGAINST SLIDING
Case : Normal
The minimum vertical force will be when there is no live load and the front backfill is washed out = 4522.21 KN
The resisting force againest sliding = (vertical force) x (coefficient of friction b/w concrete and soil)
= 4522 21
4522.21 x 0 45
0.45 = 2034 9932 KN
2034.9932
The sliding force is the horizontal forces = 1135.22 KN
Hence, Factor of Safety against sliding =Pres/Psl= 2034.99 / 1135.2 = 1.793 >1.5 Hence Safe
(f= 0.45 gravel/concrete)
Case: Seismic
The minimum vertical force will be when there is no live load and the front backfill is washed out = 4522.21
The resisting force againest sliding = (vertical force) x (coefficient of friction b/w concrete and soil)
= 4522.21 x 0.45 = 2034.9932 KN
The sliding force is the horizontal forces = 1569.36 KN
Hence, Factor of Safety against sliding =Pres/Psl= 2034.99 / 1569.4 = 1.297 >1.25 Hence Safe

STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF FOUNDATION

E D
C

A F G B
Design of toe slab:

KN/m2

2.1
Wt of toe slab = 31.2 KN/m2 180.964 110.51183

327.29

1.700 m 1.300 m 2.000 m

6.00 m

concrete grede : M 20
149.8

Steel grade : Fe 415

m= 14.00
296.09
9

k= 0.329
j= 0.890
Q= 0.976

Moment about EF = 357.37 KN-m

d = 605.0 mm
Adopt D= 1300 mm
d= 1210 mm
Ast = 1743 mm2 Minimum reinforc. as per code = 2420 mm2
Using 25 mm dia bar, specing = 202.74 mm
Adopt 25 mm dia bar, specing = 160 mm c/c

Check for shear stress:

In toe critical section for shear is considered at a distance d = 1210
from abutment stem.
149.8
296.1

253.9

Shear force at critical section V = 673.75 KN b= 5.00 m

Shear stress = V/(b d) = 0.11136 N/mm2

Permissible shear stress without shear reinforcement t c = k1.k2.tco

Where,, k1 = 1.14 - 0.7 d >= 0.5 ( d in m ) 0.49 m
k2 = 0.5 + 0.25 p >=1, p = percentage of long. reinforcement
tco = basic values given for different grades of concrete = 0.34 Mpa for M20 concrete
Here, k1 = 0.5 and k2 = 1.00
2
tc = 0.5 x 1 x 0.34 = 0.170 N/mm2 > 0.111 N/mm
ok. Shear re-bar is not necessary.

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KHARIGAD KHOLA BRISGE
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Design of heeel slab:
Upward pressure on the heel slab varies from 2.123267154 Kn/m2 to 110.51 Kn/m2
In addition to the upward pressure the heel slab is subjected to downward pressure due to the self weight of heel
slab and weight of earth fill on heel slab:
Down pressure due to self weight = 31.2 KN/m2
Down pressure due to backfill = 142.2 KN/m2
173.4 KN/m2 63
171
Net down pressure = 171 KN/m2 max
63 KN/m2 min 2.000 m
Moment about DG= 270.294 KN-m
d = 526.2 mm
Adopt D= 1300 mm
d= 1210 mm
Ast = 1318 mm2 But min reinforcement as pper code = 2420 mm2
Using 25 mm dia bar, specing = 202.7 mm 615.44
Adopt 25 mm dia bar, specing = 150 mm c/c ok
Distribution re-bar
0.12/100 x 1300 = 1560 mm2/runnig meter
Using 16 mm dia bar, specing = 257.6 mm
Adopt 16 mm dia bar, specing = 200 mm c/c at top and bottom

Check for shear stress:

Since the load oon the heel is predominantly downward, it induces ensile reactio at its junction with stem.
Hence
e ce the
t e critical section
c t ca sect o for
o sshear
ea for
o tthee heel
ee sslab
ab iss co
considered
s de ed at tthee face
ace oof suppo
support.
t.
Shear force V = 1170.82 KN b= 5.00 m
Shear stress = V/(b d) = 0.19352 N/mm2

Permissible shear stress without shear reinforcement t c = k1.k2.tco

Where, k1 = 1.14 - 0.7 d >= 0.5 ( d in m )
k2 = 0.5 + 0.25 p >=1, p = percentage of long. reinforcement
tco = basic values given for different grades of concrete = 0.34 Mpa for M20 concrete
Here, k1 = 0.5 and k2 = 1.00
2
tc = 0.5 x 1 x 0.34 = 0.17 N/mm2 < 0.1935 N/mm
Not ok. Revise section or provide shear re-bar

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