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I ACCEPT YOUR CHARGES FOR VALUE & CONSIDERATION AND RETURN THIS ITEM TO
YOU FOR FULL DISCHARGE, CLOSURE AND SETTLMENT OF THE ACCOUNT. POST FULL
CLOSURE AND SETTLEMENT OF ACCOUNT NUMBER OOOOO17748 & AUTOTRIS & CUSIP
ACCOI-INT NUMBER 313565048, IN ACCORD WITH UCC 3.401, UCC 3-419, HJR I92IPUBLIC
LAW 73-IA,UNCITRAL, TINILOS & tIN CHARTER, CONRESSIONAL RECORD page A3220 of
May 11, 1955, Title 31 U.S.C. Sec. 5118(d)2.

PLEASE USE MY EXEMPTION FOR FULL SETTLEMENT & CLOSURE OF THIS ACCOLINT AS
THIS ACCOUNT IS PRE-PAID AND EXEMPT FROM IEVY.

oate: V/n#.atrnlr*u t*7, U$

By:
Tiyemerenaset Ma'at El @rM,
authorized representative for:
BRENDA BRYA}\JT OTM

Riverdale, Grcgia [30296]

United Nations Declaratioo or#*Uhts of Indigenous Peoples -

( http ://www. un. org/esa/socdev/unpfi i/documents/DRlPS-en.pdfl

United Nations Conventisn on Economico Social & Culturat Rights, United Nations
Charter; Articles 55 & 56, UNCITRAL, LINILOS, Presidential Proclamation 7500, H.J,R.
194, S. Con. Res. 26, S. 1200, H.J.R. 3, U.S. Department of the Treasury.

Affirmed to and subscribed before me this day of -{/*lt "o !, /r/ , i?, .2CI75,

Personally Known *
Produced ldentification X Type of ID

My Commission Expires
 '*State Home Mortgage
P.O. Box 133049, Atlanta, Georgia 30333 | 4A4-679-5294 I 1-800-781-8346 | www.statehomemortgage.net

Brenda Brvant Sent Via

Riverdale, GA 30295
RE: Loan No- 0000017748 4, 31? . 38
Property Address: 6330 Mo
River
,*
Dear Mortgagor(s),
Be advised that as t te and Deed of
Secured Debt, we aa i1 .1egal action Lo cure
this breach, if
Said Deed to Gr must crive certain
notices to of t3fr,Nole and t.he lender
hall be e

'.#: Lhis is notice to you

o)-
ched as a resul-t. of your
Iy. Our records i-ndicate
1l_- 09- 1s .
bq
Lotal due in t,he form of CERTIFIED
".M:AH:;
i$ffiq$ty {:
o) rom the date of this letter. You rnust
"t p:fiE;tl ra\ charges that. become due
'ei
"' during t.hj-s thirty
y period, along with the amount shown above, to bring your
t current.
Fliture Lo cure said breach on or before L2-09-15, may result in the
acceleration of the total surns secured by said Deed to Secure Debt and
a foreciosure saie of your pr'operty, ES wel-t as other remedies avarlabLe
to your lender
In the event your loan is accelerated due to failure to cure the breach,
you have the iight to have your loan rej-nstated under the terms provided
in the Deed to Secure Debt.
 State Home Mortgage
Box 133049, Atlanta, Georgia 30333 | 4A4-679-5294 I 1-800-781-8346 | www.statehomemortgage.net

Loan. No. 000003-7748

Your further have the right lo bring court action to assert the
non-exist.ence of Your deiault. or any other defense you may have to
acceleration and sale,
A deficiency judgement could be soughL agd"inst, yoy'for losses
your
incurred
loan is
in a foreclosure action. As of the date of this letter
3LZ days delinquent and is being reported. to Credit Repositories.
Unless you dispute t,he validity of the debt or any portionvalid
thereof,
within i0 aaysl in writ.ing the debt will be assumed t.o be by
the debt collector.
If you have any questions, please conLact our office.

SincerelY,
Default Department
State Home MorLgage
60 Execut,ive Park South, NE
At.lanta, GA 30329
THIS IS AN ATTEMPT TO COLLECT DEBT AND ANY INFORMATION OBTAINED
WILL BE USED FOR THAT PURPOSE

SM6
#

LIFFL{Ri'OF CCIIGT.E55

( )ttct <,itlu+iaras [ir(trprir-i

Dupfictrri<rn Sr rrict s Sccdrxr

THIS IS TO CERfifY that ths collf,ctions of the tibrry of Congrm cortair a publicetion
CNTitTEd TIIE STATUTES AT LARGE OT TIIE UNITEI} STATES OF AIITERICA''
And thAt
rhea*achedphotocopies(fromPART I.VOL.XLYIII)-thetitlepagsandpages lt2and I13
en whieh upf* Hj. ne*. 192. a JOINT RESOLUTIOI.f Ts asswe uniform value to the coins
and cuneucies oftfu United States, June 5, 1933 - are a true represeritation &om tlrst work-

IN WT1NESS WHEREOF, the seal of the Library of Cougress is affixed trcreto orr
Muy 2,201?.

Office of Business Enterprises

LibraryofCongrcss

Illl fnrfuptrrilencr .ivenue. sll \f,.ishi::5ton, D(: 2l]5-t0J91* l'ct AE 70:.56i8 r]$B."lrr{ist'; tlupEeation*errices{.giil{,r-.gtrv
 THE

STATUTES AT LARGE
OT IIIE

UNITED STAT OFAMERICA

.
MABCH $33 to JUNE r9S4

coNcunasllr aEsoill'fi
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RECENT TNEITIE} AND Co$YENTIONS, EXECUTVE PAOfr.AMAfiONS
AI{D AGREETilTFIIB, TWENTT-flNST .${ENDME}TT
TO THE CONSTITTIrION

ErrD,!il!fis,4!{D Ftil,Em Br alrlroffrr o! oorqs

IIRD86 TB DIBIGITO!. OT 1E6E3Ilr ffi OIEXIE

YOL. XTYIII
IN ?TTO PANTS
P.*nr l-R$tic Acdsord Resolutbas.
Prrr Z*kivato Acts ard Reeolutbas, Corcurelrt Reolntions
?rmtic and Conventiom, Erecutive Ptoclamatiors
and Agre€m€ots, Tronty-firet A.medmcst to the
Cmt'itutior.

PART 1

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 $ 1867 TI?LE 9&-JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDUR,E
EpFEO?ryE DA?E oT. 19BO AMENDNENT
Amendmeat by pEb- IJ. B-ql? alAttcable .!,ritli reslleet
to eivil aetion$ *ornmenced on or &fter tho goth-d*y
eft€r Nov, 1, Ulm, sBe Bscfion T01(CX1XB) of pub. L.
9&1?, sot out as B soto undor sectio1l 2dl'ot thie tit]e.
$ f867. I4iuries under Federal laws
The district eoults sbalt }arre orlg:inal juris_
dlotion of any clvil actior commen;ed by any
person to rscover damages for any injury io his
perfon or proper.ty oa accoBrxt of any aot done
by hjm, under any Act of Cone;ress, {Lr the pro-
tection or col]eotion of any of tbe revenues, or
to erforee the right of cltizens of the United
$tates to vote in aay State.
(June 25, 1948, cb, 646, 6g Stet. SS4.)
Ii[rSTONrCAr, AI'D REVISION NOTES
Based oe title 20, U.S.C., 19{0 ed., 941(11) (Mar. $, 1911.
ch.281, $24, par. 11, gO Stat. 1092.)
WordB .,alxy sivll actlos" wsrB substituteat. lor ,.a.ll
suits," in view of Rulo 2 of th6 Federat Rules of Ctvil
Procedure.
Mtuor changes wete made iu phraseology,
lIS68. Rrirrpot{onai1
lte district cororts shall h&ve or'iginal jurie-
diotlon of all proceedlngs to condemn-real eitate
for the use of the United States or its depart-
ments or ag:etcles,
(June 25, 79$, cb.846,
0E Stat. 9gf.)
HrsToRrcAL AND Rrwgro$ NorTEs
Based on section2E? of title {0, U.g,g.. 1g{0 ed., puuic
!_ulttllns*, Prop€rty. and. lVorks (Aus. 1. 1989. ch. ?ZS, g1,
2E t . 3bY: }la.r. 8, 1911, ch, ZS1, $991, SS Srei. USi).
The voaue prorriBlois of secEior 25? of tltle {0, U,S.C,,
1940 ed,, {rre incorporeted in eeotioE 1d0B of thtB ;itle,
Other proyiilons of seotlon 26? of title {0, U.S.C., lg40
ed.. are retaiaed i!
Eaid titlB 40.
CLa.BgeB were &ade it
Bbraseology.
! f8e. Partier oolladvely loired or nde
A distrtct ccurt slatl rot &ave jurisdictioa of lf$flt Statc slviliuridstioa ia
Ildians are partiee
a eivil actian ia whlsh eny Farty, by assfunmeut
or othorwiee, has been tmpropeily or eoliiretvety
made or join€d to lnvoke the Jur*oiction of sucl
court.
(June 25, 1948, ch. 640, 62 $tat, 9Bi.)
HIs?oRIoAL AITD REw$IoN NoTEs
qryga on flrle 20, u.s.c., 19110 ed. gg41(r) affl 80 (Mer,
fl, oo stat.-iosi,'ross; Mat r+.
L_le1lr al. 281, Sg24(1),
1934, cb. 28{1, $1. 48 grat. ??6; Aus. 21, rse?, eh, i26,
$ir, Eo
Stat. TB8; ADr. 20, 1g{0, cb. 1n, B{ Srat. 149).
_Other prol'lslons of section 4l(1) of title Zg, U.S.C.,
iS9 $:' are toeorporated in sections ragr, llisZ, i8*i,
13{2, 1345, and lii4 of thi$ riue.
ProYlsloqs of sgotior 80 of title ZA, U.S.C., 18rt0 ed,, for
s*{m?n!. o{ cost8 upon disnrtssal of ax acrion for iack
of Jurietuoilon are lncorporated in Beotioll f8fg of tus
title. Other provlsiotrs of sald secuor g0 aplrea,r ia sec_
tioD 144? of thls title.
Provleione of sec,tion g0 of blfie A, U.S.C., 1940 ed., for Mirrnesota
dismissel of ar a.ction not roally aarl eubsiartiatty fr-
volyi{g a dispute or coBtroversy }yithla the Jqrtsdiction
of B. distrlct court. woro omitted as unnecissary.'Any
court w-lll diSmls$ a. oas€ tlot wtthrn lts jurisiietiou Nebrasba
wben its atteniloa ls atra$'I? to tha fa,ct, or oven on lts Orrsgon
o\irn motioll.
The &E$lguee olause in $€cfion {l(1) of tiile tB, U.g,C..
1040 ed., "ls a Jruuble of leglslativo jar?:on.'r (i.or fur
thsr refereDces to the coqsequolrcee of ..tts ohscure
Page 346
Bbraseology,,, s*e, 85 lll. IJar Be.t.. Jenuary 1g41. pp"
s6s-5?r.)
The renised ssetloD ehaoges this cleus6 by eo;rfinitrg
its aBplicaticn to q*ses wherolu the assignirent iB l!n_
gron-erlV or collusiveiy rutrde to lnvoke Jurtsdiotlor.
!-urthermore, the difficuliy of applying ihe original
clause is overcomo and ths origiqal purpose of such
clause 1s bgtter ssrr,od by suirrtiutialri iiilo*i"s u""-
fio4 80 of tltle 28, U.8.C., 1040 ed.
-
The assignee clause was ircorporated ln the ortginal
J-lqiciary Aai of t?89, Such seciton to was;Dectia in
_1P?6,
fhe history of tb.e assi8lneo clause ,,shows clearly
that its purpose and effect, at ths tlrns of lts enaet-
mgsi were to preYeBt the coDfering of jur.isdictlori on
tle Feder.al courts, ort grounds of ihvsrslty of citlzen-
ahlp, by a,ssigntnont, lu cas€s $here it wouid not othor_
wlse exiet.,' (Soaelt a, Feiterul Reserae Bank, Ig2g, 45
q.ch. b2B, s29, :08 u.s. 449, 4sB. 6s r,.Ed. 1041, rd4a.) ?bus
trAo pTrDo€e of-the-&ssigl1ee clause lvas to proyent th€
menufaotuf€ of Federal Juri*dlction by the device of as.
Bignmetrt. It achielres thls purpose only partially. For
sx&mpl6, the asslgrxes elause excepts iwo types of
choses iu actlon Itom itB qoveragei i1) Foreten liiU of
exehange; anil (t) corporaLe bearei paper. But-thi* tloes
not prever}t tho use of assigo&ent of these choses in ac_
Uion to create the recessary dlveralty or allenag:e for
lurisdicttonal purglses. guch sectlos -gO does, boiever.
pnevert that. (gee Bunarit & CitA at Cisr, f$}3, 54 B.ct.
1??, 290 U.S. 1?9. ?8 t.E{t. 254, Sg A.L.S. 141.) Irs covera^se
a8:el!st coilusive jtrrlsdlcuon is unllmit€i,, and tts ay
proasb is drrect. fho &ssignee elauss, oa tJre other
haad, prevonts the bosa fide assigaee oi a chose tn ac-
tlon wlthiB its tsrms from reEorilng to the Federel
courts unless there is juriBauctlon to suppori the as-
signee-plaintiffs case and e showlrg thefihere wout<l
have beeu jurisdietion if the assignor had tlrought the
sctloB iR lieu of the asslgnee-plahtiff. Since lbe **-
glg'nee clause deals wlth the bona flde assignge, there
h1l !"ul much litigatioa to determlna tho a;signmenta
wllch should or Bbould rot bs wlthltr ihe pulrrlJr of the
clauso. Thus [he courts have thoughb li advisable to
linit th6 term ,.chose in aetioa" aad sxolude from lts
scope-(l) aa iruplled ln law duty or promise, and (?) a
translsl of e pro$€rty interesU and to exclude ar as-
signlnent by o]}eratJo! of law llom the covem€:e o{ th€
elause" Itrtarrrcdiate asslgrnert. asd reaxiigmrneat
Bkc giy8 ilitrioulty.
ac,tious to whir:h
(a) Each of tbe Btates listed in the foltowhg
table shall. have Jurisdlction over civil causes of
ection betweeu Iadians or to wbich Inrlians are
parties which arise ln the areas of Iadian coujx-
try ltsted opposite the name of tho State io the
same extent that such State has jurlsdlction
over other civil causes of action, and those clvll
larvs of such $tate that are of Eieneral appllca-
to- prlvate persons or private poperty shau
-tlon
have the same force and. effeat, uAtha srich In-
dian country as thoy have elselrhere wtthlr. the
State:
Srate of Indiaa couniry affected
Alaska Ali India,a countly witbin the
State.
Cailfo'nia All tudiaa couatry witldn th6
Sta,te.
AII Indtan couBtry wlthin tho
Stat6, except tho Red Lake
neservation,
All Iadian country within th8
Statc.
All Inttlan country wlEhtn tho
State, excgpt the Warm
.Wlsconsla SpritrSis R6servatlon,
All Indiaa couatry q'lthin the
State.
Page 34? TrILE z8.-IUDICIARY AND JUDICIAI,
(b) Notbtuxg ln this sectlon shall authorlze the
allenatlon, encumbratrce, or taxation ofany real
or personal property, tncludlng water rights, be-
tongin$ to any Indlan or any Indian tribe, band.
or commuuity that is held ln trust by the
Urited States or is subject to e restriction
agalnst alien&tlon imposeal by ibo United
States; or shall authorize regulatlon of the use
of such property ln a manner inconsistsBt with
any Federal treaty, agreemeut, or statuto or
wlth any reeiulation made pursuaat tbereto.' or
shall confer Jurisdlction upon the State to adju-
dicate. in probate proceeding:s or otherwise, the
ownershlp or right to possession of such prop-
erty or any trteregt tberel*.
(c) Any tribal ordinance or custom heretofore
or hereafter adopted by an Indian tribe, band, or
colrlmunity in tbe exerclse of any authority
which it mey posse$s shall, if not incoDsistent
with any applicable civil law of the State, be
given full force ancl effect in the detelrninatlon
of civil causes ol action pursuant to tbis section.
(Added Aus. 15, 1953, cb, 5S5, 94. 6? Stat. 589',
amended Aug. 24, 1954, ch. 910, $2, 68 $tat. ?95;
Pub. L, 85_615, $2, Aus. 8, 1958. 72 gtat. 545; Pub.
L. 95-598, title II, $239, Nov.6,1978,92 Stat.2668;
Pub. L. 98-!53, title I, $110, July 10, 1984, 98 Stat.
342.)
AI,{ENDMENTS
1984!--SBbsec. (a), Pub. L. struek out "or Terrl-
98-953
torlBs" after "Each of thB SlateB", strtlck out "or Tsr-
ritory" after "Siate" in 5 places, aud substltuted
''R-irhin the State" for "wlthin the Terltory" ill it6m
relating !o Alaska.
l9?8-Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 95-598 directod the ame:rd-
men6 of sBbsec. {a) by EubstitutiBg: iB the ltem relatiBg
to rtlaska "$itbln the State" for "witun the Terri-
tory", whlch amondment dld not become effeciive pul-
suant to $ection 4f2(b) of Pub. L. 95-598, as amerlded, set
out as au Elfective Date aote precedlag rection 101 ol
Title ll, Baokrrrptcy.
lgs$-Subsec. (a). Prlr. L. 8Hf5 gave Alaska jurtsdic-
tioE over clr'll causes of actios betweeu Indians or to
which Indians are parties which arise in all lldian
country withjE the ?$ritory of Alaska.
195**Sutrsec. (a), Act Aug. 34, 195!,, brought the Me-
nomlnee Tribe withtn the proviiious of this sectlon,
EFFECTryE DATE oF 1S84 AMEIDME}iT
Ame[dr.aetrt bV Pub. I]. S&-B$3 ef{ectl$e Jul} 10,1984.
see sectlon 122(s,) of Pub. L. 08-353, Bet out as atr Effec-
tive Date note under Bection 151 of uds tirle.
ADIIISSIoN oF At-asKA As STATE
Admissioa of Alaska ilrto the Unioo was 4cco]11-
plishod Jan. 3, 1959, on issuance of Proc. No. 3269, Jan,
3. 1S5S, 211 I'.R. 81, ?3 Siat. c16. as required by Bections
1 and 8(c) of Pub. L. 85-508, July ?, 1958. ?2 $tat, 339, seE
out a$ notes precediog Eeetign 21 of Titte 48, TerritorleB
aad lnsular Posg€e$ioa's-
AMESDMENT OF STA:rE COIiSTITUTIONS TO REMO\"T'
IiEgAI, TVPEDLUENT; EFFECTIVE DATE
Section 6 of act Aug, 1S, 1950, provided thatr "Not-
rryithstanding the provi8ion8 of aay Enebiitrg Ast for
the admis$lo[ of a State, the consent of the United
gtates iB horeby gtven to thB people ol any State to
amead, where neceseary, their State constltutiou or ex-
tsttag statuteB, as the c&Be rBay be, to remolre auv legel
impedimenE to the a.Esumption of clvll enti criruinal Ju-
ri3dictiotr 1r accordance with the provlston8 of thls Act
[addhC this $ectioa ard section 118 of Titte 18, Crimes
and Climioal Proced.urel: kou;ded, That the provisious
of thi8 Act shall aot tecome effoctlve with respect to
PROCEDURE $ r3c!
sucb a$sumption of Jurisdiccion by any such S6ate until
the people thereof have approprlateiy arnended tbeir
State con$titution or statutes as the cs,se may be."
CONSENI OF UNITED STATES TO OTHEB gTATS"g TO
AssuME JuRisDIcrIoN
Act AuE. 15.1s5s, sh. 806, t?,6T gtat. B9o. which gave
corsent of the United State8 to eBy other St8.tB not
bavlng jurisdlctiotr wlth respeet to crimlnal offonsos or
civll causes of a,ctiotr, or wlth respect to both, as pro-
vlded for iu this section and section 1162 of Tit1e 18,
Crrmes and Crlrullral Procedurc, to assurne Jurlsdlotlon
at such tine and in such ma$ner as lhe peoplB of the
State sba]], try iegislative action. obligaie and blnd the
State !o a8sumllloB thereof. was repealed by section
{03(b) of Pub. L. 90-284. title fV, Apr. 11, 1968, 82 Stat.
?9. s]Ich repea.l not to affect ar:y cessloa ol Jurisdictlou
made pursuant to such section prior to lts rapaal.
B,etrocession of Judsdietion by State a.cquired by
State pursuaat to section ? of Aet Aug. 15, 195,3, prior
to ifs repeal, see sectlotr 13?3 of Title 25, Iudians.
$ 186f. Action to compel atr officer of the Unitsd
States to lxdorm hir duty
'l[ho distrist courta shall have orlglnal Juvls-
dictiou of any aetion in the nature of mandamus
to compel au offtcer or employee of the United
States or any agerrcy thereof to perform a duty
owed to tbe plaiattff.
(Added Pub. L. 8?-?48, $1(a), Oct. 5, 1962, ?6 Stat.
744.)
{1$62" Indian Shea
The district courts shall have original juris-
dictioa of aU civil s,ctions, brought by any In-
dian tribe or band with a coverni]lg body duly
recognfued by the Socretary of the Interlor'
wberein the matter ln controversy ari8e$ under
tho Consiitution, laws. or treaties of the United
States.
(Adoed Pub. L. 8s-635, $1, Ort. 10, 1966, B0 Bta,i.
880.)
$ l8&9. Jurors' employnsnt rfdrts
?he district courts shall have orlginal jurls-
dlction of aEy civl1 action brought for the pro-
tection of julom' employment under sectlon 1875
of thls title,
(Adaled Pub. L. 95-5?2, $6(bX1), Nov. 2, 1978, 92
$tat. 2rl5?")
PR.I0R PBoYr$IoNs
A prior Bection 1363 was renumbered section 1466 of
this tltle,
EFFnc$vE DATE
gection of Puir, L, 05-5?2 Frovided tba,t:
T
"(a) Except as provlded in subsestlotr (bi of tbis sec-
tio[, the amendmetrts made by this Aci len&cting this
Bectiorl and sectioB 10?5, renumberiug Eection 1363, re-
latlas to coastructlott of references to laws of the
United Sta.tes or Acts of Congress, as section 1864, aad
amendlng sectionB 1863, 1865, 1866, 18{t9, and 18?1 o{ thls
titiel shali apply with reBpect to eay graud or petit
Juror summorled for service or actually sorvlng on or
att€r the dDte o{ er1aqt:Retrt of tbi$ Act [Nov. 2, lgl8l,
"(b) The &meBdment made by socuon E of this Act
larnendirg section 18?1 of this tltlel shall apply with re-
Epect Lo any gfaad or petit iuror ser!'la8 oI! or after ihe
sixtleth day followiag the date of eaactmelt of Nhis Act
lNov. 2, 19781."
 http://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/faqs/Currency8agesllegal-tender.aspx

I "" ,', i ,i '. I , i ,i, .l 'r-l ':

Resource Center
Legal Tender Status

I thought that United States currency was legal tender for all debts. Some businesses or
govemmental agencies say that they will only accept checks, money orders or credit
cards as payment, and others will only accept curency notes in denominations of $20 or
smaller. Isn't this illegal?
The pertinent portion of law that applies to your question is the Coinage Act of 1965,
specificatly Section 3t U.S.C. 5103, entitied "Legal tendero" which states: 'United States
coins and curency (including Federal reserve notes and circulating notes of Federal
reserve banks and national banks) are legal tender for all debts, public charges, taxes, and
dues."
This statute means that all United States money as identifi.ed above are a valid and legal
offer of payment for debts when tendered to a creditor. There is, however, no Federal
statute mandating that a private business, a person or an organization must accept
curency or coins as for payment for goods and/or services. Private businesses are free to
develop their own policies on whether or not to accept cash unless there is a State law
which says otherwise. For exampie, a bus line may prohibit payment of fares in pennies
or dollar bills. In addition, movie theaters, convenience stores and gas stations may refuse
to accept large denomination currency (usualty notes above $20) as a matter of poiicy.

What are Federal Resene notes and how- are they different from United States notes?
Federal Reserve notes are legal tender curency notes. The twelve Federal Reserve Banks
issue them into circulation pursuant to the Federal Reserve Act of 1913. A commercial
bank belonging to the Federal Reserve System can obtain Federal Reserve notes from the
Fedsral Reserve Bank in its distnct whenever it wishes. lt must pay for them in full.
dollar for dollar, by drawing down its account with its distrist Federal Reserve Bank.

http://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/faqs/CurrencyPages/legal-tender.aspx

Federal Reserve Banks obtain the notes Ilom our lllit r,,lrir-ti l,tji.:.,* jlj;..i:ril i.l i1riirt;
(BEP). It pays the BEP fbr the cost of producing the notes, r+'hich then become liabilities
of the Federal Reserve Banks, and obligations of the United States Government.
Congress has specified that a Federal Reserve Bank must hold collateral equal in value to
the Federal Reserve notes that the Bank receives. This collateral is chiefly gold
certiflcates and United States securities. This provides backing for the note issue. The
idea was that if the Congress dissolvedthe Iederal Reserve Systern, the United States
would take over the notes (liabilities). This would meet the requirements of Section 411,
but the govemment would also take over the assets, which would be of equal value.
Federal Reserve notes represent a first lien on all the assets ofthe Federal Reserve Banks,
and on the coliateral specifically held against them.
enl'ederal Reserve notes are not redeemable in gold, silver or any other commodity, and
receive no backing by anything This has been the case since 1933. The notes have no
 are legal
vaiue tbr themselves, but for what they will buy. In another sense, because they
tender, Federal Reserve notes are "backed" by all the goods and services
in the economy.

notes?
What are United States Notes and how are they different from Federal Reserve
the first national
United States Notes (characterized by a red seal and serial number) were
during the
crurency, authorized by the Legal Tender Act of 1862 and began circulating
they
Civil War. The Treasury Depaiment issued these notes directly into circu]ation, and
States Notes is
are obligations ofthe United States Government. The issuance of United
subject Io limitations established by Congress. It established a statutory limitation of
$:OO mittion on the amount of United States Notes authorized
to be outstanding and in
a very small
circulation. While this was a significant figwe in Civil War days, it is now
fraction of the total currency in circulation in the United States.
cuffency
Both United States Notes and Federal Reserve Notes are parts of our national
and both are legal tender. They circulate as money in the s{tme way.
However, the issuing
authority for them comes from different statutes. United States }.{otes were redeemable in
then, both
goio o,,1ir 1933, when the United States abandoned the gold standatd. Since
had the same value'
iurrencies have served essentially the same purpose, and have
served by
Because United States Notes serve no function that is not already adequately
placed in to
Federal Reserve Notes, their issuance was discontinued, and none have been
eirculation since January 21, 1971-

http://www.treasury.gov/resource-centerlfaqs/Cunency/Pages/iegal'tender'aspx

of Federal
The Federal Reserve Act of 1913 authorized the production and circulation
(BEP) printsthese notes,
Resene notes. Although the ili,rr'iii: ,:i l,l:t.rriti;. ri.i.,o.i illii:rltu
are obligations of
they move into circulaiion through the federal Riserve System. They
On Federal Reserve
botir the Federal Reserve System and the United States Governmenl.
notes, the seals and serial numbers appear in green'
Federal
united states notes serve no function that is not atready adequately served -bl
Reserve notes. As a result, the Treasury Department stopped issuing
United States notes'
and none have been placed into circulation since January 21.1971.

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