 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

ã¹]æ<ÏjÖ]<gè…‚j×Ö<íÚ^ÃÖ]<퉉ö¹]
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

118



‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
118
  ‫א‬  118  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

 
 
 W،،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ 
 
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
  ‫א‬        ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ،  
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 
‫א‬   ?‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ? ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
‫א‬     ‫א‬  ? ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ? ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬       
  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
(Routine ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KEtests
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬
‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE
 W‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
.‫א‬
  W‫א‬ J
   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬
:‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬- 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J 
    ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬   J 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ J 
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J 
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ J 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ J 
‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬  ،‫א‬‫א‬  ،‫א‬  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬   
‫א‬  ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  K K‫א‬
K‫א‬      ‫א‬   ،‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
    ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬     
K (Name plate)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ K ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬    
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   K‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 EF‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
   ،‫א‬  ،‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬      
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ، ‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 EF
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
ã¹]æ<ÏjÖ]<gè…‚j×Ö<íÚ^ÃÖ]<퉉ö¹]
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬118  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ K1
   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬     K2
K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K3
.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K4
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K5
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K6
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K7
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K8
 ٪85‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ أن‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
.16 W‫א‬‫א‬

 
.‫א‬‫ א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 .118‫א‬
 

-1-
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬118  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

 
 
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

-2-
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬118  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬
 No-load and load tests of a separately-excited DC generator
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 EF‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
E1 J1F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -1

 E1 J1F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J2
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬   ،    (Rfg)  ‫א‬      J3
K(Rst) 
، (Rst)‫א‬‫א‬  J4
    ‫א‬   ‫א‬      ،  ‫א‬
K

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬118  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬  J5
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J6
K‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  J7
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 (Rfg)‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫ א‬ J8
KE1 J1F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬     ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬   J9
KE2 J1F،
‫א؟‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J10
K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J11

If(A) 0 Irated
Eo(V)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E1 J1F
 
If(A) Irated 0
Eo(V)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E2 J1F

KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J12

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J13
K‫א‬‫א‬  J14

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬118  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

 
 EF‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 EF‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
E2 J1F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 E2 J1F
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J1
‫א‬‫א‬،Rfm‫א‬
S ‫א‬   K‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ (Power supply) ‫א‬   ‫א‬
K‫א‬،
 ‫א‬     Rfg ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬   J2
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ S‫א‬‫א‬  J3
K‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬118  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

E3 J1F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J4

K‫א‬‫א‬ ٪25‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J5
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J6

IL(A) 0
VL(V)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E3 J1F

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬118  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬
 Characteristics of DC shunt generator

 W‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 E1 J2F‫א‬‫א‬

 E1 J2F
‫א‬S‫א‬،E7 J1‫א‬‫א‬FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
 (Rfg)‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
KE1 J2F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K(Rated voltage)‫א‬‫א‬
 
K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 J2F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٪70‫א‬‫א‬
 KE2
If(A) 0 Irated
Eo(v)
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‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬E1 J2F
 
If(A) 0
Eo(v)
 ‫א‬‫א‬٪70E2 J2F

KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J1
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J2
K‫א‬‫א‬  J3
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J4
 ،‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  S ‫א‬   ‫א‬      J5
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  J6
‫א‬‫א‬  ٪25   E3 J2F
K
‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬ J7
‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ، ‫א‬     
K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J8

IL(A) 0
VL(v)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E3 J2F
E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F

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‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬
 Load characteristics of compound generator
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
KE1 J3F‫א‬‫א‬

 E1 J3F
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،Rfm‫א‬
‫א‬، S‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K(Power supply)‫א‬
K
‫א‬‫א‬Rfg ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

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‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬S‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
E1 J3F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ ٪25
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

IL(A) 0
VL(V)
E1 J3F

 K(D1-D2) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J1

KE2 J3F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J2
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J3
K‫א‬‫א‬  J4
K‫א‬  J5

IL(A) 0
VL(V)
E2 J3F

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬118  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Characteristics of a DC shunt motor
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
KE1 J4F‫א‬  J1

 E1 J4F
‫א‬‫א‬،Rst‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J2
 ‫א‬ S‫א‬، ‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  J3
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬
K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Rfg‫א‬‫א‬  J4
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬S‫א‬  J5

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬118  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

E‫א‬‫א‬F  ‫א‬  J6
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬٪25‫א‬
K‫א‬
K‫א‬E1 J4F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J7

IL(A)
VL(V)
N(rpm)
Ia (A)
T=VLIL/(2πN/60) Nm
E1 J4F‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬ J8
K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J9
 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬118  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 Speed-torque characteristic of a DC series motor

 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
.‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
KE1 J5F‫א‬ -1

 E1 J5F
 K‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 ‫א‬  J2
  ‫א‬   Rst ‫א‬    ،‫א‬  ‫א‬    J3
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
KE‫א‬‫א‬٪25‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  J4
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  J5
 J5F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ KE‫א‬‫א‬ ٪25‫א‬F
K‫א‬E1
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J6
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J7
- 13 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬118  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J8
 ‫א‬  K‫(؟‬Dead load) ‫א‬      ، ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

IL(A)
VL(V)
N(rpm)
Ia(A)
T=VLIL/(2πN/60)
E1 J5F‫א‬

- 14 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬118  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬
Speed-torque characteristic of a DC compound motor
 ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
،E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
KE1 J6F‫א‬

 E1 J6F
KE1 J6F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Rfg‫א‬Rfm‫א‬
K S‫א‬‫א‬K
KRst‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE1 J6F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬S‫א‬‫א‬

- 15 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬118  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

K(D1-D2)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE2 J6F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،73‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE‫א‬‫א‬FE2 J6FE1 J6F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J1
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬  J2
IL(A)
VL(V)
N(rpm)
Ia(A)
T=VLIL/(2πN/60)
E1 J6F

IL(A)
VL(V)
N(rpm)
Ia(A)
T=VLIL/(2πN/60)
E2 J6F
 

- 16 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬118  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬
 Speed control of a separately excited DC motors
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬
.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬،
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬٪100‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
PL=VLIL W
Torque, TL=PL/ω N.m
ω=2πN/60 rad/sec.
 ‫א‬‫א‬N
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬TL‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
KE1 J7F‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،Rst‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬S‫א‬، ‫א‬
.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬118  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

 E1 J7F

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J1
‫א؟‬K‫א‬‫א‬
Rst ‫א‬      ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬     J2
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬Rst‫א‬‫ א‬ J3
    ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬   J4
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J5
K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬S‫א‬  J6
F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  J7
٪25‫א‬ E‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬
K

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬118  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

.‫א‬E1 J7F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -8
IL(A)
VL(V)
N(rpm)
Ia(A)
T=VLIL/(2πN/60) Nm
E1 J7F‫א‬

‫א‬   ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬ J9
K‫א‬
‫א؟‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J10
‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫ א‬ J11
K‫א‬
      K‫א‬     ‫א‬     J12
K‫א‬Rfm‫א‬
،E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J13
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K129‫א‬‫א‬  J14

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
‫א؟‬،‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
ã¹]æ<ÏjÖ]<gè…‚j×Ö<íÚ^ÃÖ]<퉉ö¹]
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫ א‬
‫א‬‫א‬

91
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬118 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

 
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K1
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K2
K‫א‬ K3
K‫א‬‫א‬ K4
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K5
 
٪85‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
K10 W‫א‬‫א‬
 
K‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 .118‫א‬
 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬118 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬
Testing of Transformers

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
K ‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،(Step-down)(Step-up)
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬

 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬118 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬
 Open-circuit and short circuit tests of single-phase transformer
W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬ J
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،E1 J8F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 E1 J8F
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K ‫א‬  J1
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J2
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬E1 J8F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  J3
K‫א‬‫ א‬ J4
K‫א‬‫א‬Ro, Xo‫ א‬ J5

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬118 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

 ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬ ،‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   J6
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J7
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J8
 
20%
V1(V) 40% 60% 80% 100% 110% 120%
V1rated
Po(W)
Io(A)
V2(V)
cosφo=Po/V1Io
Ia=Io cosφo
Im=Io sinφo
Ro=V1/Ia
Xo=V1/Im
a=V1/V2
 E1 J8F‫א‬
W‫א‬ J 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،E2 J8F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 E2 J8F
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬  J1
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J2
K
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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬118 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

K‫א‬E2 J8F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  J3

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J4
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J5
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J6
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J7
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J8
 
20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120%
Isc (A)
Irated Irated Irated Irated Irated Irated
Vsc (V)
Psc (W)
Req=Psc/I2sc (Ω)
Zeq=Vsc/Isc (Ω)
Xeq=√Z2eq-R2eq (Ω)
cosφsc=Psc/(VscIsc)
E2 J8F‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬118 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬
 Load test of single-phase transformer
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،E1 J9F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

E1 J9F
W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J1
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J2
K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬E1 J9F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J3
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬  J4
K0.8‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J5
K‫א‬  J6

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬118 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

 
 
V1 (V) 220V 220V 220V 220V 220V
I1 (A)
P1 (W)
V2 (V)
I2 (A)
P2=V2.I2 (W)
Cosφ1=P1/(V1.I1)
η=P2/P1
 E1 J9F‫א‬

- 26 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬118 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬
 Parallel operation of single phase transformers

W‫א‬‫א‬
.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
.E1 J10F‫א‬‫א‬

 E1 J10F
 W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  J1

- 27 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬118 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

‫א‬ S1 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E1 J10F‫א‬‫א‬  J2

KEFS2
KV1, V2, V‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J3
KV2‫א‬V1‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J4
 V2 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ V1 ‫א‬ ‫א‬    V ‫א‬  ‫א‬  J5
‫א‬  S1 ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬     
KS2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ V2‫א‬‫א‬ V1‫א‬‫א‬ V‫א‬‫א‬  J6
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Ka’b‫א‬b’a‫א‬
V1 ‫א‬ ‫א‬    V ‫א‬     ‫א‬    J7
S1 ‫א‬    ‫א‬       V2 ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KS2
 K A1, A2, A ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    J8
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J9
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬     ‫א‬  9 ‫א‬   J10
 K‫א‬
K‫א‬  J11
 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫ آﻬﺮ‬118  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   

 
 
‫א‬‫א‬

 Electric Machinery Fundamentals, Stephen J . Chapman,

McGRAW-Hill, 1991.
 An Introduction to Electrical Machines and Transformers,
George McPherson, John Wiley & Sons, 1981.
 Electric Machines, M . S . Sarma, West Publishing Company,
1994.
 Electrical Technology, B. L. Theraja and A. K. Theraja, Nirja
Construction & Development, 1989.

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 ‫א‬
 
 
3  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
7  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
9  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
11  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
13  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
15  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
17  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
22  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
25  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
27  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
29  ‫א‬‫א‬