Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Jurnal
Di Edit Oleh :
Rahmi Arianti Rahman
N 111 16 053
Pembimbing Klinik :
dr. Faridnan, Sp.An
UNIVERSITAS TADULAKO
PALU
2017
Terapi Nyeri Multimodal pada gold Standar Nyeri Non-kanker kronis
atau Perlukah Klarifikasi lebih lanjut?
A. Pengantar
Rasa sakit kronis (chronic pain = CP) adalah fenomena yang sering ditemui
dengan konsekuensi psikososial dan sosioekonomi yang cukup besar. Dalam lingkup
survei telepon, data dari 15 negara Eropa dan Israel menunjukkan prevalensi CP dengan
intensitas sedang sampai berat 19% dari peserta.[6] Pada setiap pasien kelima, nyeri
berlangsung selama lebih dari 20 tahun.[6] CP yang mempengaruhi sekitar 30%
populasi AS telah dikenali memiliki implikasi yang signifikan terhadap kesehatan dan
ekonomi negara.[9,22] Tipe CP yang paling umum termasuk nyeri punggung bawah,
osteoartritis, sakit kepala, dan nyeri neuropatik.[6, 22,32]
Sakit punggung dan leher bagian bawah adalah penyebab utama kecacatan tidak
hanya pada pendapatan tinggi tetapi juga di negara berpenghasilan rendah dan
menengah.[25,36] Migrain dan tension-type headache mempengaruhi lebih dari 10%
populasi dunia.[25] Pengobatan untuk pasien yang menderita CP sering tidak dievaluasi
dengan baik dan memerlukan waktu cukup lama untuk perawatan yang memadai
dilakukan selama beberapa bulan atau tahun, bahkan di negara-negara kaya. Survei
tersebut tidak memberikan informasi mengenai sejauh mana strategi pengobatan yang
lebih kompleks, seperti program multikomponen yang ditawarkan.[6,32]
Ada bukti yang berkembang bahwa pasien dengan kelainan CP memerlukan
struktur perawatan yang terdiri dari berbagai komponen seperti yang diberikan pada
terapi nyeri multimodal interdisipliner (Interdisciplinary Multimodal Pain Therapy =
IMPT) (Gambar 1). Hal ini dapat dicapai melalui pengaturan rawat inap, day-clinic, dan
rawat jalan (misalnya pendekatan interdisipliner perawatan primer) dan biasanya
memerlukan kerjasama beberapa disiplin dan profesi.[10,61] Meskipun komponen dasar
IMPT telah didefinisikan oleh IASP, ada kesenjangan besar dalam pengetahuan yang
menghambat penerapan globalnya.[34] Karena kurangnya sumber daya, kebijakan
nasional, dan sikap di antara profesional perawatan kesehatan, fasilitas pengelolaan rasa
sakit termasuk program IMPT sangat tidak memadai atau tidak ada di banyak negara
berkembang.[14,65]
Secara umum, RCT mengenai berbagai aspek IMPT masih diperlukan dan harus
diimbangi dengan pendaftar dunia nyata dan studi observasional yang memberikan
lebih banyak informasi mengenai generalisasi hasil RCT. [26]
G. Kesimpulan
Ada beberapa tantangan yang saat ini dihadapi oleh program IMPT / multimodal.
Masalah yang dimaksud adalah pemahaman bersama tentang konsep "multimodal"
yang mendasari pertimbangan hubungan efek lebih jauh. Konsensus ini masih hilang
dalam perdebatan internasional. Selain itu, desain implementasi konten masih belum
terpecahkan. Sejumlah besar penelitian telah menyelidiki berbagai intervensi
terapeutik. Misalnya, ada beberapa uji coba yang dipublikasikan mengenai terapi
kombinasi dengan berbagai obat atau prosedur yang mengklaim "multimodal" namun
tidak mengacu pada konsep seperti model biopsikososial. [15,21,27,28] Bahkan uji
coba dengan referensi restorasi fungsional atau pendekatan multidisiplin mengacu pada
definisi "in-house" dan karena itu seringkali sulit untuk digeneralisasi. Solusinya bisa
menjadi konseptualisasi umum yang konsisten dan diterima secara luas, berkenaan
dengan sifat biopsikososial CP. Kami menyarankan agar dimensi yang digariskan pada
Gambar 1 adalah komponen penting IMPT, masing-masing lebih lanjut ditentukan oleh
perlakuan, aplikasi, durasi, dan profesi tertentu. Dan kami sangat menyarankan agar
peneliti mulai mengerjakan agenda penelitian yang diuraikan di atas.
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