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    Leah
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    Homeostasis refers to the body's ability to maintain equilibrium and a relatively stable internal environment. It involves physiological processes that regulate variables like body temperature. A set point is an ideal normal value, like normal body temperature, that the body strives for through homeostatic mechanisms. These mechanisms include negative and positive feedback systems. Negative feedback reduces the effect of a stimulus to bring a variable back to the set point, while positive feedback enhances the stimulus. An example of negative feedback is sweating to lower body temperature when it rises too high.

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    Homeostasis refers to the body's ability to maintain equilibrium and a relatively stable internal environment. It involves physiological processes that regulate variables like body temperature. A set point is an ideal normal value, like normal body temperature, that the body strives for through homeostatic mechanisms. These mechanisms include negative and positive feedback systems. Negative feedback reduces the effect of a stimulus to bring a variable back to the set point, while positive feedback enhances the stimulus. An example of negative feedback is sweating to lower body temperature when it rises too high.

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    22 views3 pages

    Homeostasis

    Uploaded by

    Leah
    Homeostasis refers to the body's ability to maintain equilibrium and a relatively stable internal environment. It involves physiological processes that regulate variables like body temperature. A set point is an ideal normal value, like normal body temperature, that the body strives for through homeostatic mechanisms. These mechanisms include negative and positive feedback systems. Negative feedback reduces the effect of a stimulus to bring a variable back to the set point, while positive feedback enhances the stimulus. An example of negative feedback is sweating to lower body temperature when it rises too high.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 3

    Homeost'sis

    – the existence +nd m+inten+nce of + rel+tively const+nt environment within the


    body
    – the process in which the body undergo physiologic+l processes in order to
    m+int+in equilibrium

    V'ri'bles
    – “conditions”
    – v+lues c+n ch+nge
    – ex. body temper+ture
    ○ incre+ses in + hot environment
    ◆ swe+ting
    ○ decre+ses in + cold environment
    ◆ shivering

    Set Point (Norm'l R'nge)


    – +n ide+l norm+l v+lue +chieved through homeost+tic mech+nisms (see ex.
    body temper+ture
    Two Types of Physiologic'l Mech'nisms
    >. Positive Feedb'ck
    – the r+te of + process incre+ses +s the concentr+tion of the product
    incre+ses
    – enh+nces the effect of the origin+l stimulus
    – ex. birth
    ○ ↑stretching of the uterus (stimulus) = ↑uterine contr+ctions
    ?. Neg'tive Feedb'ck
    – occurs when the r+te of the process decre+ses +s the concentr+tion of
    the product incre+ses
    – reduces the effect of the origin+l stimulus
    – ex. body temper+ture regul+tion
    – 3 Components:
    ○ Receptor
    ◆ monitors the v+lue of + v+ri+ble
    ○ Control Center (br'in)
    ◆ est+blishes the set point
    ○ Effector
    ◆ +djusts the v+lues of the v+ri+ble

    HOW DO VARIABLES, SET POINTS, AND NORMAL RANGES RELATE TO


    HOMEOSTASIS?
    – V5ri5bles !re the conditions th!t the body need to cope with. In order to
    !chieve homeost5sis, ! set point !cts !s the benchm!rk which the body
    must be !ble to !chieve through homeost!tic mech!nisms. However, since
    these mech!nisms does not ex!ctly or precisely meet this cert!in set point, !
    norm5l r5nge is met.
    DISTINGUISH BETWEEN NEGATIVE FEEDBACK AND POSITIVE
    FEEDBACK.
    – Neg!tive feedb!ck reduces or counter!cts the origin!l stimulus while positive
    feedb!ck heightens it.
    WHAT ARE THE THREE COMPONENTS OF A NEGATIVE-FEEDBACK
    MECHANISM?
    – Receptor, control center, !nd effector
    GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF HOW A NEGATIVE-FEEDBACK MECHANISM
    MAINTAINS HOMEOSTASIS.
    – Incre!se in body temper!ture (receptor) c!uses the swe!t gl!nds (effectors)
    to produce swe!t in order to cool down the body.
    GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF A POSITIVE-FEEDBACK MECHANISM THAT
    MAY BE HARMFUL TO THE BODY AND AN EXAMPLE OF ONE THAT IS
    NOT HARMFUL.
    – H!rmful: Blood loss
    ○ Less blood circul!ting me!ns reduced blood pressure !nd reduced
    ○
    perfusion (penetr!tion of blood) to the br!in !nd other vit!l org!ns.
    – Not h!rmful: Blood clott
    ○ When ! vessel is d!m!ged, pl!telets st!rt to cling to the injured site !nd
    rele!se chemic!ls th!t !ttr!ct more pl!telets, which will soon form ! clot.

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