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édito sommaire N° 453 / Du 28 juin au 11 juillet 2018
NIVEAU DE DIFFICULTÉ ET ÉQUIVALENCE CECRL
(Cadre Européen Commun de Référence pour les langues) :
 facile A2-B1  moyen B2-C1  difficile C1-C2
Pour faciliter le repérage et la compréhension, les mots traduits sont surlignés dans tous les
articles du magazine.

AMÉLIE ARA
RÉDACTRICE EN CHEF
QUIZ & JEUX
ANGLAIS
Ne manquez pas
verbes
Les
le Guide Quiz & Jeux sur les verbes (anglais)
pour 2€ de plus
When only the dans les kiosques le 12 juillet.
comfort of a bowl s’exercer
36 pages pour en anglais
à la conjugaison
Disponible aussi sur www.vocable.fr

will do Grand angle ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 4

In this gourmet issue of Vocable we feature On parle d'eux .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 5
articles on some of the latest trends in eating
and drinking. For some years bowl food has A la une
been growing in popularity. It started in the  C1-C2 Why bowl food is so popular THE GUARDIAN (UK) ............................................ 6
restaurants of New York around 2015, before The success of dishes served in bowls.
conquering all the major cities… and Instagram!
It now comes in many forms, textures and col-  B2-C1 The rise of natural wine THE GUARDIAN (UK) ................................................................... 9
ours, from the Hawaiian poke bowl (salad of raw The fascinating history of natural wine.
fish, with fresh fruit and vegetables), savoury or
sweet porridge to the Buddha bowl (vegetarian Société
main meal). Lifestyle bloggers have seized on  C1-C2 What to do in Brighton? THE INDEPENDENT (UK) .................................................................... 12
the trend, as have publishers. Meghan Markle Must-see places in Brighton.
and Prince Harry themselves served bowl food
at their wedding reception. What makes this  B2-C1 Fighting for the right to party THE ECONOMIST (UK) ........................................................ 14
kind of dish so attractive? Georgia’s young people mobilise to save their clubs.

And, since good food deserves a good wine, we  A2-B1 A 360° ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 16
also take a closer look at natural wine – which
aims at a taste as close to the original grape as
possible, thanks to a completely natural process PRATIC’ABLE  ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 17
as well as organic agriculture. You may have Vocabulaire, expressions et astuces pour parler
heard about it, maybe even tasted it, but have you comme un anglophone
realised it or been able to recognise it? This type Ça roule / Point de grammaire : Adjectifs se terminant en "–ing" ou en "-ed"/
of wine does not carry a special label, nor is it easy Jeux de mots
to find. Yet, that has not stopped it from revo-
lutionising the restaurant industry worldwide,
from 2000 onwards, as far afield as Brooklyn and Enjeux
Copenhagen, not to mention London…  B2-C1 Can Thomas Cook become Thomas Cool?
THE INDEPENDENT (UK) 21
Happy reading and tasting!
...............................................................................................................................................................................

New target audience for the famous travel company.

 B2-C1 Where did Ireland go? THE NEW YORK TIMES (US) ....................................................................... 22
The Irish abortion referendum.

 A2-B1 Echos ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 24

Rejoignez-nous sur et suivez-nous sur et sur
Culture
 C1-C2 The fascinating history of dentistry THE ECONOMIST (UK) ....................... 25
An exhibition that will make you smile.
BONUS
 C1-C2 Charlize Theron and Diablo Cody on Tully LOS ANGELES TIMES (US) .. 27
L’article est repris sur le CD ou les MP3 A chat with actress Charlize Theron and screenwriter Diablo Cody.
de conversation : Des interviews en V.O.
pour améliorer votre compréhension Découverte
Tous les articles du magazine sont lus par des
 B2-C1 Using the Kilauea volcano to study Mars
anglophones sur le CD (ou les MP3) de lecture THE NEW YORK TIMES (US) ...................................................................................................................................................................... 30.
The Kilauea volcano, a fascinating landscape for NASA scientists.
Retrouvez le reportage vidéo
lié à l’ article sur vocable.fr
Bons plans .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 32
Les sorties ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 34
Photo de couverture : Istock Le dessin .................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 35
 Grand
angle
ROYAUME-UNI
Epsom
Ladies at the Derby
Ladies Day is a fashion competition held the day before
the race. Any racegoer can take part, and women who
attend like to wear flamboyant hats and fascinators. This
year, the competition was judged by reality TV star and
model Vogue Williams.
fashion style / to hold, held, held to organise, take place /
to attend to be present at / fascinator type of hat.
4 • VOCABLE Du 28 juin au 11 juillet 2018
L’actualité en images
(SIPA)
THE EPSOM DERBY
In this picture, racegoers head home at the end of Derby Day. This Group 1
flat horse race, known as “the Epson Derby” or “the Derby,” is run at
Epsom Downs racecourse, in Surrey, every year on the first Saturday of
June. It is open to three-year-old thoroughbred colts and fillies, and
covers a distance of 2400 meters. Created in 1779, it is the most
prestigious horse race in England, and one of the great national sporting
events of the country. It attracts celebrities, horse racing aficionados, and
royalty — the Queen, whose favourite pastimes include horse racing,
rarely misses it.
derby (horse) race / racegoer person who attends races / to head home to return to one’s home /
racecourse racing track / thoroughbred of a certified bloodline / colt young male horse / filly young
female horse / to miss not to go to, not to attend.
 On parle d'eux… Retrouvez le fil d’infos sur www.vocable.fr

Ceux qui font l'actu

Benedict
Cumberbatch
Benedict Cumberbatch, the British actor re-
nown for his role in the TV series Sherlock,
has been hailed a hero after saving a Deliv-
eroo cyclist from being mugged. The actor
was travelling in an Uber taxi on Maryle-
bone High Street when he saw four men at-
tacking the cyclist. He immediately jumped
out of the car to scare them off. Thanks to
him, the cyclist, who had been hit over the
head with a wine bottle, suffered no further
injuries. The story appeared in newspapers
worldwide, and Deliveroo thanked Cum-
berbatch for his actions. The actor denied
being a hero, stating: “There are real-life he-
roes out there and I’m not one of them.”
renown famous, well known / to hail to acknowledge, acclaim /

(Yong Teck Lim/AP/SIPA)

Deliveroo app service using bicycles to deliver food from
restaurants to customers at home / to mug to attack sb and
steal their money / to scare off to frighten, make sb run away /
thanks to because of / further even more / injury physical
harm / worldwide all over the world, internationally / to deny to
refuse to accept, refute, reject the idea that... / to state to
declare.
(Europa Newswire/Shutter/SIPA)
(Shutterstock/SIPA)

(Jeff Chiu/AP/SIPA)

Justin Trudeau Gordon Brown Aaron Persky

Justin Trudeau, the Canadian prime minister,
has described US tariffs as “insulting,” after
Donald Trump announced that steel and
aluminium imports from Canada, the
European Union and Mexico, would be taxed
at 25 and 10 percent respectively. “There are
no two countries that are as interconnected,
interdependent,” Trudeau said during an
appearance on NBC.
tariff tax on imports / steel hard metal made of iron
and carbon / appearance act of appearing in public,
here on TV.
In an interview with the BBC, Gordon Brown California judge, Aaron Persky, has been
has called for tougher migration controls to recalled from office by local voters. This is
address the concerns of those who voted to largely due to a controversial decision to
leave the European Union. The former British award a six-month prison sentence to
prime minister, who backed the remain ex-Stanford university student, Brock Turner,
campaign, said that politicians needed to for felony offences over the assault of an
tackle the Brexiters’ concerns because the unconscious woman at a campus fraternity
country is at risk of “being permanently party, whereas the minimum sentence for this
paralysed by seemingly irreparable divisions.” crime is two years. He is the first judge to have
to call for to ask for, make a plea for / tough hard, strict,
been recalled by voters since 1977.
severe / to address to respond to / concern worry, to recall here, to remove / office position, responsibility / to
preoccupation / former ex / to back to support / remain award to deliver / felony major offence, crime / assault
here, in favour of staying in the European Union / to tackle attack / whereas while, in contrast to the fact that.
to deal with, try to resolve / seemingly what appear to be.

VOCABLE Du 28 juin au 11 juillet 2018 •5

 À la une
THE GUARDIAN TONY NAYLOR
WHY BOWL
FOOD IS SO
POPULAR
Bowl food: analysis of a new trend in
catering (bowl food eating a meal from a bowl)
Poke bowl, bo bun, ramen... These culinary specialities from
around the world are now featured in our own restaurants, and
are especially celebrated by foodies. What do they have in
common? They are served in bowls, and apparently, it makes
a big difference…
P rince Harry and Meghan Markle’s
decision to have] a wedding break-
fast that would serve “trendy bowl food” to
standing guests was judged to be not just
news, but news that needed translating for
a bewildered nation. Immediately, other
news outlets began to worry about guests’
dry-cleaning bills. On Radio 2, etiquette ex-
pert William Hanson (who in 2016 wrote that
“only dogs eat from bowls”) could be heard
on Steve Wright in the Afternoon, sharing
his dismay. “The bowl food thing that they
1. trendy fashionable, popular, chic / standing upright,
not sitting / bewildered confused, perplexed / news
outlet media / dry-cleaning special chemical process for
cleaning certain kinds of clothes / bill invoice, cost / Steve
Wright in the Afternoon radio programme on BBC Radio
2 (since 1999) / dismay consternation /
6 • VOCABLE Du 28 juin au 11 juillet 2018
I Tendance I ROYAUME-UNI
SUPPLÉMENT VIDÉO
Comment faire une soupe ramen
parfaite ? Découvrez le reportage vidéo
et testez votre compréhension sur
www.vocable.fr/videos-anglais
have announced today isn’t brilliant. Bowls
are not considered very aristocratic, very
royal, everything would be served on plates,”
he observed. 
FOCUS ON HEALTHY DISHES
2. Away from royal circles, bowl food – out-
side of soup and cereals, that is – has been
a thing for a while. Or for several millennia,
if you want to be pedantic. But the rise of
bowl-eating was widely noted circa 2016,
brilliant here, good idea.
2. focus (on) here, passion for, enthusiasm about / that
is that is to say / millennium (plur. millennia) thousand
year period / ... has been a thing for a while ...has been
fashionable for some time / rise ascension, progress /
circa around, about /
I  C2
propelled by a new focus on healthy dishes
– often layers of grains, pulses, vegetables,
protein, dips and sauces that only work to-
gether when compacted in this appropriate
vessel. It has also become a contradictory
food category in its own right, stretching
from acai and cacao nib-topped breakfast
porridges to Hawaiian poké raw fish dishes.
A raft of cookbooks duly followed. And in
to propel here, to cause / layer a thickness of something,
especially on top of each other / grains cereals / pulse
legume that is grown and harvested for its dry seed as food
/ dip cold sauce in which vegetable are dipped before
eating / vessel here, dish / in one’s own right in and of
itself / to stretch from... to.... to go from...to, to
encompass / acai berry (originating from a South
American palm tree) / nib-topped sprinkled with
chocolate bits / poké raw fish salad, traditional Hawaiian
starter course / raft here, series / duly as expected /
 facile A2-B1 /  moyen B2-C1 /  difficile C1-C2
 Retrouvez plus d’infos dans la newsletter Vocable www.vocable.fr/newsletter

Our favourite blogs featuring bowl food:

The Butter Half Bowl of delicious The awesome green
Pickles & Honey Two red bowls

– the same year that Bon Appétit joked that CHEFS LOVE IT TOO
bowl food is “at least 10% healthier than food 6. Do not imagine, incidentally, that the
on a plate”.  royal wedding bowls [were] all chia seeds,
blueberries and “activated” almonds. It may
ACADEMIC SUPPORT seem odd that royal chef Mark Flanagan
4. In fact, there is some academic support [served] classic British dishes in bowls, but
for the intuitive feeling for the past decade top
that food in bowls is chefs have been doing
good for us. According to just that: pureeing, jel-
Charles Spence, who lifying, shredding and
studies the psychology of dicing ingredients to
food at the University of create small intense
Oxford, a warm bowl in dishes that you can eas-
your hand encourages ily eat w ith a spoon.
you to feel content, while Some find the lack of
its weight and the way cutting and sometimes
we perceive r imless chewing in bowl food
bowls to contain bigger infantile, but ambitious
portions than they actu- chefs embraced this ve-
ally do, may encourage hicle of delivery long be-
us to eat less. “ That fore the clean-eating
weight is likely to make crew.  >>>
your brain think the
food is more substantial
and you are likely to rate it as more (SIPA)

(Istock)
Simply Nigella, Nigella Lawson jumped on
the bandwagon, declaring: “If I could, I’d eat
everything out of a bowl.”  a naturally photogenic medium. “A lot of
3. If burrito bowls, sushi bowls and super-
food Buddha bowls have little in common
gastronomically, the bowl itself seems to
convey a sense of comforting nourishment.
“I love how gentle and nurturing it feels,”
wrote chef Anna Jones in this paper in 2016
Simply Nigella cooking programme on BBC2 / to jump
on the bandwagon to follow the style.
3. superfood very nutritious food which is beneficial to
health / to convey to express, transmit / sense
impression, feeling / comforting here, reassuring /
nourishment sustenance / gentle here, pleasant /
nurturing beneficial / paper newspaper /
intensely aromatic than exactly the same 6. incidentally by the way / chia Mexican plant with
seeds considered to be very nutritious and beneficial /
food sat passively on a plate,” Spence told blueberry small round edible blue-black fruit / activated
the website Quartzy.  here, soaked in salt water to remove phytochemicals that
are believed to prevent getting the full benefit of the
nutrients / odd strange / to puree to blend until it is a
5. This concave cult is now firmly en- smooth paste / to jellify to make into a jelly / to shred to
trenched. At John Lewis, where bowls are cut or tear into small uneven pieces / to dice to chop (cut)
far more popular than plates as gifts, there into small squares / to chew to masticate / to embrace
to adopt, accept (enthusiastically) / vehicle of delivery
has been a 14% like-for-like increase in bowl here, way of serving, presenting / crew group.
sales in the past six months. Meanwhile,
across Instagram and food blogs, the bowl
appears to dominate as the crockery of
choice. It helps that, for amateurs, bowls are
SUR LE BOUT DE LA LANGUE
bowl stuff has things sprinkled on, herbs
and seeds” – as often seen on the now ubiq- A bowl
uitous smoothie bowl – “which immedi- A bowl, un bol, est un récipient
ately makes things look pretty,” says free- hémisphérique.
lance food stylist Katy Greenwood.  A dish, un plat, peut désigner le
récipient ou les aliments cuisinés, un
plat, un mets.
to joke to say amusingly.
Au pluriel, dishes peut signifier la
4. academic scholarly / rimless without an upper edge /
vaisselle, exemple to do the dishes,
actually in reality / to be likely to to be capable of / to
rate here, to consider / to sit, sat, sat to be placed. faire la vaisselle.
5. entrenched well established, deeply rooted / John Attention, a plate désigne une
Lewis chain of high-quality department stores in the UK / assiette, tandis que a dish désigne un
like-for-like comparative / crockery dishes / to sprinkle plat.
to put small pieces of sth on / seed grain / ubiquitous
omnipresent, found everywhere. Et pour transporter tout ceci il faut
un tray, un plateau.

VOCABLE Du 28 juin au 11 juillet 2018 •7

 À la une I Tendance I ROYAUME-UNI I  C2

At Prince Harry and Meghan Markle's wedding, guests were served an assortment of bowl food including
10-hour slow roasted Windsor pork belly with apple compote and crackling, and fricassee of free-range
chicken with morel mushrooms and leaks.

>>> 7. Historically, Michelin-starred tasting Harris, chef director at Company of Cooks,

menus would be punctuated by snacks that which has catered at the Baftas and the Royal dining etiquette
were, essentially, canapes. But Dan Cox, Olivier awards. “You need somewhere to
former head chef at Simon Ro- put your glass because it’s a
gan’s Fera restaurant at Clar- stand-up affair, and lots of
idges, says: “Canapes are staff hovering around col-
inherently hard to work l e c t i n g t he e mp t y
with. Invariably, you bowls. In the last six
need a dry base, then years, it’s become
[several layers] on more widely
top. It’s high labour known.” 
and high risk be-
cause it can just all 10. Serving bowls at
fa l l apa r t . W it h an event allows for
bowls, you do away great variety, too.
with those problems.”  “ We do d i fferent
world cuisines. That’s

(SIPA)
k)
toc

8. Cox, who is also a pot- what our well-travelled

(Is

ter and makes his own clients look for,” says Gem- A few etiquette rules that the members
of the Royal family follow when it comes
crockery, will soon open a ma Bacon, head of event to food...
new restaurant at Corn- planning at caterer Rhu-
wall’s Crocadon Farm. He Bowl food has barb. “Often they want  ollow the Queen’s lead
F
When she is seated, they sit down. If
loves how bowls have liber-
ated dish design and are
become a gluten-free, vegan or dairy-
free options too, and bowl
she stops eating, they also stop.
able to accommodate more standard menu food allows you to cater to  rink their tea properly
D
liquid than plates, so you option for those dietary requirements During teatime, they are expected to
hold their teacup properly (thumb
can bring in influences naturally.” 
from dishes such as noodle high-end event and index finger holds the top of the
handle, while the middle finger
soups and broths. And be- caterers. 11. The growth of bowl food supports the bottom), and place
cause they are all about also reflects what, even in their teacup back in the saucer after
layering ingredients, they society’s super-rich strato- each sip.
are a good place to use uglier cuts. “Take sphere, is a growing desire for informality.  old utensils in the correct hands
H
oxtail, for example. It doesn’t look so pretty We may not embrace the bowl with the glee They must hold knives in their right
on the plate, so let’s get it at the bottom of of the Japanese (where slurping down the hand and forks in their left with the
the bowl and put three layers on top.”  dregs is perfectly acceptable), but, unlike at tines facing down. And, instead of
the dinner table, a bowl-food party allows stabbing their food, they shovel it
A STANDARD MENU OPTION people to circulate and, of course, avoid any onto the back of their fork.
9. Given those factors – ease of service and particularly awful guests. No wonder the Skip the shellfish
creativity – bowl food has become a stand- royal couple are fans. l This is more of an ancient tradition to
ard menu option for high-end event caterers. avoid food poisoning rather than an
“Each bowl is generally four or five mouth- actual rule. Some royals, including
the Queen, choose not to eat
fuls, and four bowls will be quite a lot per Bafta = British Academy of Film and Television Arts shellfish, others do.
person. It’s substantial,” says Matthew / (Laurence) Olivier Awards British Theatre awards
ceremony / it’s a stand-up affair people eat and drink to follow sb’s lead to follow sb’s example /
while upright, not sitting / to hover around to move properly correctly / to be expected to to be
7. Michelin-starred allocated star rating by the restaurant around (the guests). supposed to / thumb short, thick finger at the
guide, Michelin / snack bite to eat, light food, here, canapés side of the hand, slightly apart from the other four
/ it’s high labour it’s hard work / to fall, fell, fallen apart 10. well-travelled who have visited many countries / / handle a part by which a thing is held, opened
to disintegrate, collapse. dairy-free without dairy products, milk, cheese etc / or picked up / bottom lower part / saucer
dietary requirements special nutritional demands. shallow curved dish / sip small quantity of a drink
8. potter person who makes pottery / noodle thin, long strip
11. informality casual experience, lack of formality / glee / tine prong / to face down to turn towards the
of pasta-like food made with flour or rice paste, eaten with a
joy, jubilation / to slurp down to drink noisily / dregs plate / to stab here, to force the fork into and
sauce or in a soup / broth bouillon / to layer to superimpose
remains, residue / awful unpleasant / no wonder It is not pierce to lift up to the mouth / to shovel to
/ cut piece / oxtail cut of beef from the tail, usually eaten in
a surprise, therefore that.... gather and push (onto) / to skip here, not to eat /
soup (ox adult castrated bull).
shellfish sea food that grows in a hard cover, like
9. ease facility / high-end top of the range, prestigious / mussels / to avoid to prevent / actual real.
caterer professional service to provide prepared food for
an event / mouthful quantity of food in one’s mouth /

8 • VOCABLE Du 28 juin au 11 juillet 2018  facile A2-B1 /  moyen B2-C1 /  difficile C1-C2
À la une I Tendance I ROYAUME-UNI I  B2-C1

Nearly 70 % of natural wine bottles produced in

France are exported abroad.

(Istock)
THE GUARDIAN STEPHEN BURANYI

THE RISE OF NATURAL WINE

The market for natural wine is expanding
Natural wine differs slightly from its organic counterpart; it is produced without any chemical products throughout the process,
yet it does not have official certification. Nevertheless, it is becoming an increasingly popular feature of restaurants in London. In
France, it represents less than 1% of production, but it is being talked about more and more. Is this a passing trend or
revolutionary change in the way wine is made? Journalist Stephen Buranyi leads the enquiry.

I f you were lucky enough to dine at

Noma, in Copenhagen, in 2011 – which
had just been crowned as the “best restaurant
in the world” – you might have been served
2. But almost more remarkable than the dish
itself was the drink that accompanied it: a
glass of cloudy, noticeably sour white wine
from a virtually unknown vineyard in
SUR LE BOUT DE LA LANGUE

one of its signature dishes: a single, raw, razor
clam from the North Sea, in a foaming pool
of aqueous parsley, topped with a dusting of
horseradish snow.  was a so-called natural wine – made without
1. to crown to place a crown on, here, to celebrate as a winner
/ signature famous, emblematic / raw fresh, uncooked /
razor clam Siliqua patula, long narrow shaped species of
edible marine bivalve mollusc / foaming pool frothy sauce /
aqueous containing water / parsley aromatic plant / to top
with to cover with / dusting light layer, covering /
horseradish perennial plant of the Brassicaceae family
whose root has a mustard-like taste / snow here, powder.
France’s Loire Valley, which was available at To be lucky enough to
the time for about £8 a bottle. It was cer- dine at Noma (§ 1)
tainly an odd choice for a £300 menu. This avoir la chance de dîner chez Noma.
• Enough se place après les adjectifs
any pesticides, chemicals or preserva- >>> et les adverbes :
not old enough trop jeune
not quickly enough pas assez vite
2. cloudy not clear, opaque (unfiltered) / noticeably • Enough se place avant les
perceptibly, quite / sour acidic in taste / virtually almost, substantifs :
practically / vineyard plantation of vines, here, wine I haven' got enough money je n'ai
producer / odd strange, curious / so-called known as /
chemical chemical substance / preservative substance pas assez d'argent.
added to make it consumable for longer /

VOCABLE Du 28 juin au 11 juillet 2018 •9

 À la une I Tendance I
Since 1990, consumers in the UK have shown a shifting preference from beer to wine. In
2014, the UK was the sixth biggest wine consuming country in the world. White wine
is slightly favoured over red wine consumption.
>>> tives – the product of a movement that has
triggered the biggest conflict in the world of
wine for a generation.  Bettane, one of France’s most influential
A STAPLE IN MANY RESTAU-
RANTS
3. The rise of natural wine has seen these
unusual bottles become a staple at many of
the world’s most acclaimed restaurants –
Noma, Mugaritz in San Sebastian, Hibiscus
in London – championed by sommeliers
who believe that tradi-
tional wines have be-
come too processed,
and out of step with a
food culture that priz-
es all things local. A
recent study showed
that 38% of wine lists
in London now fea-
ture at least one or-
ganic, biodynamic
or natural wine (the
categories can over-
lap) – more than
three times as many
as in 2016.
But among wine critics,
(Istock)
4.
there is a deep suspicion that
the natural wine movement is intent on
tearing down the norms and hierarchies
that they have dedicated their lives to
upholding. The haziness of what actually
counts as natural wine is particularly
to trigger to activate, set off, cause.
3. staple main or principal element,
here, regular feature / acclaimed
reputed, well regarded, celebrated by
the critics / to champion to support,
promote / processed here, overly
treated with additives, industrial / to be
out of step with not conforming to what others
are doing or thinking / to prize to value highly, consider
important / to feature to include / organic produced
without pesticides and fertilisers / biodynamic a form of
organic farming (from the ideas of Rudolf Steiner
1861-1965), with an emphasis on the use of manure
and compost / to overlap to happen at the same time,
coincide.
4. suspicion distrust, feeling of uncertainty / to be
intent on to be determined to / to tear, tore, torn down
to demolish / to dedicate to devote, focus on / to
uphold, held, held to maintain, defend / haziness
unclear, lacking in precision / to count as here, to be
considered as /
10 • VOCABLE Du 28 juin au 11 juillet 2018
ROYAUME-UNI I  B2-C1
maddening to such traditionalists. “There is
no legal definition of natural wine,” Michel
wine critics, told me. “It exists because it
proclaims itself so. It is a fantasy of mar-
ginal producers.”
LIKE IN A PREVIOUS CENTURY
5.Sebastien Riffault, from the Loire Valley,
runs the 10-year-old trade body L’Association
des Vins Naturels. He told me his
basic technique was simply “mak-
ing wine like in a previous cen-
tury, with nothing added”. This
means using only organic
grapes, picked by hand, and
fermenting slowly with wild
“[Natural wine] is a
fantasy of marginal
producers.”
yeasts from the vineyard. No antimicro-
bial chemicals are added to the wine, and
everything is bottled – bits and all –
without filtering.
6.At first glance, the idea that wine
should be more natural seems absurd.
Yet, as natural wine advocates point
out, the way most wine is
produced today looks
nothing like this pic-
ture-postcard vision.
Vineyards are soaked
with pesticide and fertiliser to
maddening exasperating / influential important,
powerful, significant.
5. trade body professional organisation / to pick to
gather, collect, here, harvest / wild growing naturally /
yeast type of fungus used in fermentation / to bottle to
transfer a liquid into a bottle / bit particle / filtering
process of removing particles.
6. at first glance at first sight, here, on first consideration
(of an idea) / advocate supporter, defender / to point
out to explain, argue / picture-postcard vision idyllic
view of / to be soaked with to be covered with, imbibed
with / fertiliser (GB), fertilizer (US) artificial manure /
protect the grapes, which are a notoriously
fragile crop. In 2013, a study found traces of
pesticides in 90% of wines available at French
supermarkets. In response to this, a small
but growing number of vineyards have in-
troduced organic farming. But what happens
once the grapes have been harvested is less
scrutinised, and, to natural wine enthusiasts,
scarcely less horrifying. The modern wine-
maker has access to a vast armamentarium
of interventions, from supercharged lab-
grown yeast, to antimicrobials, antioxidants
and filtering gelatins. 
LITTLE INTERVENTION
7. Natural winemakers believe that none of
this is necessary. In practice, this means go-
ing without the methods that have
given modern winemakers so much
control over their product. Even
more radically, it means jettisoning
the expectations of mainstream
wine culture, which dictates that
wine from a certain place should
always taste a certain way. 
8.In France, which remains the
cultural and commercial centre of
the wine world, the acceptable styles
of winemaking aren’t just a matter of his-
tory and convention; they are codified into
law. For a wine to be labelled from a particu-
lar region, it must adhere to strict guidelines
about which grapes and production tech-
niques can be used, and how the resulting
wine should taste. This system of certifica-
tion – the  appellation d’origine con-
trôlée (AOC), or “protected designation of
origin” – is enforced by inspectors and blind-
tasting panels. 
notoriously widely known (in a negative way) / crop
cultivated plant / farming agriculture, cultivation / to
harvest to pick, gather / to scrutinise to examine very
closely / scarcely hardly / winemaker producer of wine /
armamentarium arsenal / supercharged here, super
active, powerful / lab-grown made in a laboratory.
7. to go, went, gone without not to make use of / to
jettison to eject, here, to abandon, get rid of /
expectation here, what consumers expect of sth /
mainstream conventional, traditional, established / to
taste to have a flavour.
8. to label to categorise, brand / guideline directive,
regulation / to enforce to ensure a law is respected /
blind-tasting tasting without the product information /
panel group, team, committee.
 facile A2-B1 /  moyen B2-C1 /  difficile C1-C2
 Téléchargez l’appli Vocable offerte à nos abonnés ! www.vocable.fr/applimobile

How is natural wine usually made?

i n small quantities by an independent
producer
from handpicked, organically grown grapes
without added sugars or foreign yeasts
without adjustments for acidity
without micro-oxygenation or
reverse-osmosis
 ith very little sulphur (no more than 10
w
mg/l total if red, 25 mg/l total if white)

MODERNISATION OF
THE INDUSTRY
9. France has long been the centre of the wine
world, but until the mid-20th century most
vineyards were small and worked mainly by
hand. In the eyes of natural winemakers, the
rot began in the decades after the second
world war, as French vineyards modernised
and the industry grew into a global eco-
nomic behemoth. 

10. By the early 1990s France was exporting

more than $4bn worth of wine a year – more
than twice as much as Italy, and more than
10 times as much as its new competition from
the US, Australia and all of South America.
And when it came to style, everyone still
followed the French. Today, even the cheapest
red wine found in the US or Britain is in some
ways a tribute to that victory, having likely
been soaked with toasted wood chips to ap-
proximate the vanilla and spice aromas of a
French barrel. 
11. Thanks to the industry’s embrace of tech-
nology, wine was more plentiful, profitable
and predictable than ever. But in the 1980s,
just as French wine was putting the finishing
touches to its global conquest, stirrings of
discontent began to be heard among wine-
makers.  of-fashion native grape varieties and adopt-
IT ALL STARTED WITH
BEAUJOLAIS
12. The blueprint for what came to be known
as natural wine comes from Beaujolais, a
pretty region of soft green hills and stone
cottages just below the slopes of Burgundy
proper. In the 1950s, the area had started
9. rot here problems, deteriorating situation / behemoth
monster, giant.
10. bn = billion thousand million / competition rivalry,
contesting a market etc / when it came to... in the matter
of / tribute homage / toasted grilled / wood chip pieces
of wood / to approximate to resemble / spice powder/
seed from a plant with a strong taste and smell used in
cooking / barrel large container with curved sides used for
storing liquids.
11. embrace here, adoption / plentiful abundant /
profitable that makes money, lucrative / predictable
calculable, foreseeable / finishing touch final touches /
stirrings signs / discontent dissatisfaction.
12. blueprint prototype, reference point, model / hill
elevation in the land / cottage small house / slope
incline, slant / proper actual, strictly speaking /
Harvest of red grapes in the Beaujolais vineyard, Cercié, France, 2017. (SIPA)
making “beaujolais nouveau”, a cheap, easy-
drinking wine that was produced quickly
and released early in the season. It was a huge
hit, and by the end of the 1970s Beaujolais
was producing more than 100m litres of wine
a year.  embraced hyper-localism, planting long out-
13. Despite its commercial success, Beaujolais
had become a dismal example of technical
winemaking run amok. To achieve the short
production time, winemakers relied on lab-
grown yeasts to jump-start the process, and
big doses of sulphur to halt fermentation and
stabilise the wine ahead of schedule. A small
group of local dissenters loathed this convey-
or-belt style of production. They coalesced
around a winemaker named Marcel Lapierre,
who, upon his death in 2010, was widely
eulogised as “the pope of natural wine”.  became bywords for sophistication. What
to release to put on the market / hit success.
13. dismal lamentable / to run, ran, run amok to
become uncontrollable / to rely on to depend on / to
jump-start to kick into action, boost / sulphur element,
atomic number 16 / to halt to stop, interrupt / ahead of
schedule earlier than normal / dissenter critic, detractor
/ to loathe to hate, detest / conveyor-belt here,
mechanised, industrial process / to coalesce here, to
assemble, gather / to eulogise to praise, celebrate.
EXPANSION IN THE 1990S
14. In the 1990s, as the natural wine scene
made its way beyond Beaujolais, across
France and Europe, it took on a gleefully
anti-modern character. Many winemakers
ing archaic production techniques. 
15.For a long time, natural wine seemed
destined to remain a shaggy subgenre. But
starting in the late 2000s, something
changed, and natural wine began popping
up on menus in Brooklyn, in east London,
and in the hipper quarters of Copenhagen
and Stockholm. This new type of wine fitted
perfectly with a wider revolution in taste, as
vague terms such as “natural” and “artisanal”
had once been the passion of a hardcore
group of eccentric winemakers in eastern
France had, somehow, become cool. l
14. scene area of activity, milieu, community / to make,
made, made one’s way here, to make progress, expand /
gleefully happily, joyfully / out-of-fashion outdated.
15. shaggy here, obscure / to pop up to appear / hip
trendy, fashionable, cool / to fit with to correspond to /
...became bywords for... turned into synonyms for /
hardcore committed, extreme.

VOCABLE Du 28 juin au 11 juillet 2018 • 11

Société I Destination I ROYAUME-UNI I  C2
NIVEAU BASIQUE ET AVANCÉ DU SUPPLÉMENT SONORE
On both the Advanced and the Basic, our guest Chris Littledale talks
with us about the Brighton Model and Toy Museum, a magical place
London that he founded over 27 years ago. He also shares with us some of his
Brighton
favorite spots to visit on your next trip to Brighton.
CD audio ou téléchargement MP3 (sur abonnement)

THE INDEPENDENT KASHMIRA GANDER

WHAT TO DO
IN BRIGHTON?
Brighton rocks!

View of the city’s seaside. (Istock)

With easy access from London, beautiful coastal location, and a wide variety of small TAKE A STROLL ON THE
independent shops and chic restaurants, Brighton is a little gem. It has been one of DEVIL’S DYKE
Britain’s most cherished seaside resorts since the 19th century. A journalist from The 3. Brighton may be most famous for its
Independent describes a town with both a young and elderly population, which offers beaches, but the city also borders the South
something for everyone. Downs National Park – which includes the

B
righton first found popularity as a
tourist destination in the 18th and
19th centuries, when it had the cachet of be-
ing the weekend getaway for the Prince
Regent – and it's been known as a fun, flirty
seaside town ever since. It's long had a repu-
tation as a progressive, bohemian haven, with
its thriving LGBT community, Britain's first
Green MP, and a population of students and
artists. Here's what to do there.  dian influences while its interior is luxuri-
VISIT THE ROYAL PAVILION
2. Brighton became a fashionable resort for
the well-heeled in the late 18th century,
transforming its image as a rundown fishing
town. In the mid-1780s, George IV – notori-
ous as an extravagant womaniser – built the
Marine Pavilion as his seaside home, despite
being laden with debt. Heavily inspired by
the Near and Far East, the exterior has In-
ously furnished with Chinese objects and
hand-painted wallpaper. 
100m valley known as the Devil’s Dyke. It’s
so called because locals believed that Satan
dug the trench in attempt to flood Sussex
and destroy its many churches. The South
Downs are steeped in folklore. Part of the joy
of the Devil’s Dyke is getting there. From
April to September, there's a special open-top
bus service laid on from the city centre to the
Downs. And all year round – except for
Christmas Day – you can catch the 77, 78 and
79 buses from the same location. Those look-
ing for an adventure can take a looping
three-mile walk from the Devil’s Dyke to

1. century period of one hundred years / getaway escape,

holiday destination / flirty here, place where it is easy to
meet sb one is sexually attracted to / haven refuge,
retreat / thriving flourishing / LGBT = lesbian, gay,
bisexual, transgender / MP = Member of
Parliament, political representative.
2. resort place with many hotels/facilities for tourists /
well-heeled rich / rundown dilapidated / womaniser
seducer / laden with a lot of, loaded with, here, heavily in
debt / Near East countries of southwest Asia / Far East
countries of East Asia / to furnish here, to decorate.
3. stroll relaxed walk / trench long narrow excavation in
the ground / in attempt to... in order to try to... / to flood
to inundate, to submerge / to steep to immerse, to
absorb, steeped in full of / to lay, laid, laid on to
organise / location place / to loop to make a circuit /
mile 1 mile = 1.609 km /

12 • VOCABLE Du 28 juin au 11 juillet 2018  facile A2-B1 /  moyen B2-C1 /  difficile C1-C2
 The Royal Pavilion. (Isto
ck)

Saddlescombe, as recommended by the Na-
tional Trust.  and red Helter Skelter. Meanwhile,
HOBBLE ACROSS THE BEACH
4. If you’re hankering to plunge your toes
into the sand of a sun-kissed beach, Brighton
is not the place for you. The pebbled beach is
a little unforgiving on the feet, and the water
is never, ever warm. Still, that doesn’t stop
millions of people visiting each year – and
you might even say that pebbles beat soggy
sand as the weather gets cooler. Beneath the
turquoise railings of the Victorian prome-
nade are restaurants, bars and pubs, as well
as quirky independent shops to pick up
unique knick-knacks and souvenirs.  rina, the Volk’s Electric Railway is the
GAMBLE AT THE BRIGHTON
PIER
5. Built in 1899, this grade II-listed Victorian
monument jutting 500m out into the sea is
a relic of the city’s golden era as a destination
and the delightfully retro blue, white
rows upon rows of penny machines
create quite a din in the domed
amusement arcade at the centre of
the pier. Dotted along the pier are
stores selling seaside favourites in-
cluding fried mini doughnuts, soft
ice cream and the legendary Bright-
on rock. 
RIDE THE WORLD’S OLD-
EST ELECTRIC RAILWAY
6. Running for just over a mile be-
tween the Brighton Pier and the Ma-
world’s oldest operational electric
railway. Built in 1883 by pioneering
electrical engineer Magnus Volk, the
40-seater carriage takes a 15-minute
crawl along the seaside past the shops
on Madeira Drive and the city’s nudist

for Londoners. In over a century, the attrac-
tions have been revamped to include rides
– notably the Crazy Mouse whose tracks
swerve nerve-rackingly close to the sea water,
National Trust British charitable organisation founded in
1895 which preserves buildings of historic interest and
places of natural beauty.
4. to hobble to walk with great difficulty (because of the
stones) / to hanker to have a strong desire / sun-kissed
made warm by the sun / pebbled stony / unforgiving
here, hard, harsh, cruel / still all the same / soggy wet /
beneath below, under / railing metal structure used as a
barrier / quirky charmingly eccentric and original / to pick
up here, to buy / knick-knack small ornamental object.
5. to gamble to risk money on a game of chance / grade
II-listed classified as a monument of special historic
interest / to jut out to protrude, to stick out, to extend / to
revamp to renovate, to modernise / ride funfair attraction
/ track rail / to swerve to suddenly turn / nerve-
rackingly scarily, frighteningly /
SUR LE BOUT DE LA LANGUE
a pebbled beach (§ 4)
une plage de galets
Différentes tailles de pierres, de la
plus grosse à la plus petite :
boulders grand rocher rond, grosse
pierre, gros galet
rocks roches
stones pierres
pebbles galets
gravel gravier, gravillons
grit sable, gravillons
beach (fear not: it's hidden by a pile of
pebbles). 
SHOP IN THE LAINES AND
EAT ETHICALLY
7. Part of Brighton's charm is its bohemian
vibe, and the part of the city where this is
felt most keenly in North Laine. The Laines
– a Sussex term for an open tract of land at
the base of the Downs – have long trans-
formed from their days as a slum and slaugh-
terhouse district; they're now lined with
independent clothing stores, restaurants,
pubs and bars.  grounds of the Royal Pavilion in the Prince
8. Brighton was full of vegetarian, vegan and
eco-friendly restaurants long before a plant-
based lifestyle was fashionable. North Laine
is packed with vegetarian and vegan cafes,
including Idyea, Wai Kika Moo Kau, and Infin-
delightfully charmingly, wonderfully / helter skelter
high spiral slide / row line / din loud noise / domed with a
roof in the form of a dome / pier platform with a
promenade built from the land over the sea / dotted here,
positioned in many various different places / favourite
(GB) = favorite (US) here, food which many people like
eating / Brighton rock long stick of hard brightly-coloured
candy typically sold in coastal towns in the UK (the name
of which appears in the stick all the way through).
6. to ride to take a trip on / to run, ran, run here, to
function, to travel / carriage railway coach, train / crawl
here, very slow movement / fear not don’t worry.
7. vibe (= vibration) atmosphere / keenly noticeably,
intensely / tract section of land / slum overcrowded poor
area of a town / slaughterhouse abattoir / to be lined
with to have on either side of the street.
8. to be packed with to be full of /
(Istock)
ity Foods Kitchen. For a more upmarket and
experimental experience, try Terre à Terre.
Meanwhile, the UK's first permanent zero-
waste restaurant Silo serves locally grown,
seasonal food and throws nothing away. 
BRUSH UP ON LOCAL HISTORY
9. Brighton is dotted with characteristically
eccentric and historic museums. The Bright-
on Museum and Art Gallery, situated on the
Regent's stables, has eclectic permanent col-
lections which explore Ancient Egypt, 20th
century art and design, and LGBTQ history
– plus it's free to visit. West of Brighton, the
Hove Museum and Art Gallery is very fam-
ily-friendly with its collection of toys in the
Wizard's Attic, as well as exhibits on the
city's film history. For more left field options,
head to the free Booth Museum of Natural
History, which is home to taxidermied birds,
butterflies, fossils and bones; or the Brighton
Toy and Model Museum, which specialises
in mid-20th century creations. l
upmarket high-quality, luxury, expensive / zero-waste
where all products are recycled and reused / to grow,
grew, grown to cultivate, to produce.
9. to brush up on to improve one’s knowledge of, to learn
about / to be dotted with to have many / grounds land/
gardens around a building / stable building where horses
are kept / LGBTQ = Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender
and Queer / attic small space at the top of a house used for
storage / exhibit exposition / left field less conventional,
original / to head to to go to / bone part of a skeleton.

VOCABLE Du 28 juin au 11 juillet 2018 • 13

Société I Culture I
Tbilissi
THE ECONOMIST
FIGHTING FOR THE
RIGHT TO PARTY
(You Gotta) Fight for Your Right (To Party!)
(ref. to the 1986 song by the American group the Beastie boys)
In May, a heavy-handed police action and subsequent closure of popular clubs in Tbilisi
resulted in a strong and mobilised response by Georgia’s young people. The
demonstrations, held two days before the opening of parliament, turned into rave
parties. Nearly thirty years after independence, it seems young Georgians have
decided to take a big step towards liberalisation, forcing the country to put its somber
soviet past behind it.
B ACHO CHALADZE, a DJ, had just set-
tled into his set at Cafe Gallery, a night-
club in Tbilisi, when a group of unwelcome
guests burst through the door. “They rushed
in with rifles and masks,” he recalls. “They ran
to me to turn off the music”—at that moment,
1. to settle into to become comfortable doing sth new,
here, to start / set arrangement of songs by a DJ / guest
client, customer / to burst, burst, burst through the
door to enter with force / to rush in to run in / rifle
firearm, long gun / to recall to remember /
SUR LE BOUT DE LA LANGUE
Les différents sens de
"right" :
droit  the right to party (title) le
droit de faire la fête
bien  you were right to refuse vous
avez bien fait de refuser
juste  that's right c'est juste, c'est
exact
raison  you are quite right vous avez
entièrement raison
droite  they drive on the right ils
conduisent à droite
bon  the right answer la bonne
réponse
correct  to do something the right
way faire quelque chose comme il faut
14 • VOCABLE Du 28 juin au 11 juillet 2018
GEORGIE I  B2-C1
SUPPLÉMENT VIDÉO
La société géorgienne est déchirée
entre valeurs progressistes et valeurs
traditionnelles conservatrices.
Découvrez le reportage vidéo sur
www.vocable.fr/videos-anglais
a bass-heavy track by Fumiya Tanaka, a Japa-
nese producer. Nearby at Bassiani, a cavernous
club in the bowels of a football stadium, a
similar scene unfolded as armed Georgian
police stormed in, pushing patrons against the
walls and the floor. As Kate Beard, a photogra-
pher visiting from London, puts it: “The vibe
got very dead very quickly.”  become islands of tolerance for nonconformists,
2. The government said the raids on May 12th
targeted drug dealers, in response to at least
five recent drug-related deaths. Yet the standoff,
Mr Chaladze says, is about something bigger:
a struggle between Georgian traditionalists
and a growing movement of social liberals in
Tbilisi. (Both tendencies are represented inside
the ruling party, Georgian Dream.) A new,
Westernised generation “want to express
themselves not only by dancing, but through
different lifestyles,” says Ghia Nodia, a profes-
bass-heavy with a strong bass / track song / nearby
closeby / cavernous like a cavern with large underground
passages / bowels intestines, entrails, here, deep under /
to unfold to take place, to happen / to storm in to enter
a place with anger and force / patron customer / to put,
put, put it to say, to formulate (sth) / vibe atmosphere.
2. to target to identify as a potential danger and the object
of necessary action / in response to in reaction to / at
least no less than / -related connected to / yet however /
standoff confrontation / struggle conflict / growing
increasing / both each of two things / inside in / ruling
governing, in power / Westernised influenced by Western
practices and customs (the West countries of North
America/Europe with developed capitalist economies) /
through via, by way of /
sor of politics at Ilia State University in Tbilisi.
“It’s not a teenage rebellion stage—they are
beyond that.” 
NONCONFORMIST CULTURE
3. Many young people in Georgia saw the raids
as an assault on their culture. The clubs have
sexual and otherwise, in a country that remains
prudish and patriarchal. Just hours after the
raids, thousands gathered outside the Georgian
parliament to protest under the slogan “We
Dance Together, We Fight Together”, demand-
ing the resignation of the interior minister and
prime minister, along with reform of the coun-
try’s harsh drug laws. The march turned into a
rave that ran through the weekend, with loud-
speakers on the steps of parliament filling the
street with house and techno music. “It felt like
Paris must have in ’68, just without the clashes,”
says Mariam Pesvianidze, a filmmaker. 
teenage adolescent / stage phase / beyond past, after.
3. to see, saw, seen to perceive, to consider / otherwise
here, in other ways / to remain to stay, to continue (to be)
/ to gather to come together / to demand to insist upon,
to ask for / resignation act of officially leaving a position /
along with together with, as well as / harsh hard, severe /
law legislation / march protest, demonstration / to turn
into to transform into, to become / to run, ran, run
through to last / loudspeaker device which amplifies
sound / to fill to make full, here, to pervade / it felt like
Paris must have the atmosphere was probably similar to
Paris.
 facile A2-B1 /  moyen B2-C1 /  difficile C1-C2

Young people in Georgia saw the raids as an assault on their culture. (Shakh Aivazov/AP/SIPA)
4. On Sunday afternoon, counter-protesters
with shaved heads arrived, wearing masks, to
spoil the fun. “Bassiani and Gallery are gay
clubs, where drugs are being sold and the youth
are recruited in illegal activities,” said Dimitri
Lortkipanidze, a leader of Georgian March, an
ultranationalist group. With the country “on
the cusp of civil confrontation”, as President
Giorgi Margvelashvili later put it, police sepa-
rated the groups. The interior minister came
out to apologise for the police brutality, quelling
the protests—for now.  post for developing the nightlife economy. (Some
POWERFUL ALLIES
5. The clubbers have allies. Tourism is a fast-
growing industry in Georgia, generating
nearly 7% of GDP in 2017. The government
promotes Georgia as a hip destination for mil-
lennials, and Tbilisi’s nightlife is “part of the
experience”, says Maia Sidamonidze, a former
head of Georgia’s national tourism administra-
tion. Bassiani has been hailed by Resident
4. to shave to remove facial/body hair with a razor / to
wear, wore, worn here, to have on one’s face / to spoil,
spoiled or spoilt, spoiled or spoilt the fun to ruin the
atmosphere, to stop sth from being nice / youth young
people / on the cusp of on the verge of / to apologise to
say one is sorry for a fault / to quell to pacify.
5. nearly almost / GDP = Gross Domestic Product / hip
trendy, fashionable, cool / millennials generation born
between the early 1980s and the late 1990s / former ex-,
previous / to hail to acclaim /
Retrouvez plus d’infos dans la newsletter Vocable www.vocable.fr/newsletter
Advisor, a trend-setting music website, as one
of the world’s best clubs, drawing comparisons
to Berghain in Berlin. After the raids, support
poured in from DJs who have played there.
“Bassiani stay strong!” wrote Ben Klock, a Ger-
man techno artist.  it “an example of how sovok (the Soviet
6. Some in the government have warmed to the
club culture. Tbilisi’s new mayor, Kakha Kaladze,
a former footballer for AC Milan, campaigned
on backing clubs and has established an official
think the raids were a message to Mr Kaladze
from rivals inside Georgian Dream.) The son of
Bidzina Ivanishvili, Georgia’s richest oligarch
and de facto leader, is a rapper who advocates
liberalising drug laws; the day after the raids,
he released a new song called “Legalise”. Coin-
cidentally, hours before the raids, Mr Ivanish-
vili, who had long ruled the country from the
shadows, took back the post of chairman of the
Georgian Dream party. 
advisor consultant / trend-setting which initiates new
trends and fashions / to draw, drew, drawn a
comparison to to compare to / support solidarity, help /
to pour in to flow in, to arrive in large numbers.
6. to warm to to become more enthusiastic about / mayor
head of a local government / to campaign to carry out a
political campaign / to back to support, to aid the cause of / to
advocate to defend, to plead in favour of / to liberalise to
relax, to make less severe / to release to bring out /
coincidentally by coincidence / from the shadows here,
receiving little (media) attention / to take, took, taken back
to regain, to take control of again / chairman president, leader.
The Georgian
March
The Georgian March is an
ultranationalist group and political
party in Georgia. The group, formed
two years ago, is known for its loud
xenophobic, anti-immigration and
homophobic demonstrations. It is led
by Sandro Bregadze, who compares it
to the “Front National” in France and
“Alternative for Germany”. In March,
six members of the group attacked
TV journalists from the channel
Rustavi-2 because they were unhappy
with a joke made by a TV anchor
about Jesus Christ.
loud noisy, here that expresses itself clearly,
vehement / demonstration public protest / to
lead, led, led to be in command of / channel TV
station / anchor presenter, person presenting a
programme.
SOCIAL MEDIA BUZZ
7. Video of the rave spread internationally on
social media, especially in the former Soviet
Union. Sergii Leshchenko, a reformist MP
in Ukraine whose wife is a popular DJ, called
mindset) has been definitively defeated in
the heads of the young generation” in Geor-
gia. Some Russian liberals admired their
bravery. “If thousands of people had started
a rave outside the Duma, the consequences
would have been grim,” says Elena Gracheva,
a Muscovite who was visiting when the
protests erupted. 
8. In Tbilisi, activists have threatened to
return to the streets if officials do not liber-
alise drug policy and allow the clubs to reo-
pen. The battle, like the music, looks set to
go on. l
7. social media social networks / to spread, spread,
spread to be broadcast, to be diffused / especially
particularly / MP = Member of Parliament political
representative / mindset way of thinking, mentality /
bravery courage / grim unpleasant, terrible, severe / to
erupt to start, to break out.
8. activist militant / to threaten to announce the
possibility of sth in order to intimidate / to return to the
streets to protest once again / official political
representative / policy regulation, rules, legislation / to
allow to authorize / to look to seem / to be set to here,
to be probable to / to go, went, gone on to continue.
VOCABLE Du 28 juin au 11 juillet 2018 • 15
 À 360°
Le tour du monde en V.O.
Retrouvez plus d’infos sur www.vocable.fr

(Istock)
Swiss trains
According to a new report, Switzerland’s
national railway offers the best overall
service in Europe. It provides top services for
families thanks to play areas for children on
its inter-city trains, and “sophisticated” and
“carefully coordinated” assistance for
disabled passengers.

(SIPA)
according to as stated by... / overall general, global,

New populist government

total / to provide to furnish, here, offer / thanks to
due to, because of / carefully attentively, with care
and attention / disabled handicapped.
After three months of negotiation, an Italian coalition government was finally
formed earlier this month. Giuseppe Conte, a law professor and political un-
known, was appointed prime minister. Luigi Di Maio leader of the eurosceptic
and anti-establishment M5S, now in charge of labour and welfare, and Matteo
Salvini, head of the right-wing League, now in charge of the interior ministry,
have given details about the strategies they are going to adopt. Salvini vowed to
massively expel migrants from the country, while Di Maio said his priority was
to set up employment centers to guarantee a monthly income to jobless people.
Many doubt that Italy’s first populist government will last a full five-year term.
law the academic subject of jurisprudence / to appoint to designate, nominate / M5S Movimento 5 Stelle, Five Star
Movement is a populist political party in Italy, with a strong anti-immigration stance of the right, and ecological policies of
the left / labour (GB) = labor (US) work / welfare social services / right-wing on the political right / to vow to
promise, pledge, swear to / to expel to force to leave / to set, set, set up to create, establish / income revenue / jobless
without paid work / to last to continue for / term here, period of mandate in power.

(Istock)

Baby name trends
New data has been released about baby names in the
United States. The name for girls, Melania, was one of
the fastest-growing names in 2017, jumping 720 places
and entering the top 1,000 for the first time. Could it
be that people are drawing their inspiration from the
first lady? On the contrary, Alexa, which was an
increasingly popular name for years, has fallen down
the charts since 2014, the year the Amazon Echo
speaker was released — users have to call “Alexa” to
activate the speaker...
trend general tendency, fashion / data (inv.) information,
statistics / to release to bring out, make public, communicate,
publish / fastest-growing most rapidly increasing / to draw,
drew, drawn inspiration from to be inspired by / increasingly
more and more / to fall, fell, fallen down to go down, decrease /
(Istock)
Goodbye Uber
Turkey’s president Erdogan has announced
that the ride-hailing app, Uber, is “finished”
in Turkey. This announcement was made
following increased pressure from Istanbul
taxi drivers, who have demanded the ban of
the app since Uber entered the country in
2014. Istanbul’s taxi drivers took Uber to
court earlier this year, arguing that the
company was “operating illegally”.
ride-hailing app application that puts passengers
and drivers together / increased growing / to
demand to ask for, to insist on / to take, took,
taken to court to take legal action against / to
argue to affirm, assert, claim.

chart list / speaker loudspeaker.

16 • VOCABLE Du 28 juin au 11 juillet 2018

 www.vocable.fr

PRATIC’ABLE
Vocabulaire, expressions et astuces pour parler comme un Anglais…

AUGUSTIN HABRAN

Ça roule !
Que vous rêviez d’une belle échappée dans l’ouest américain,
cheveux au vent au coucher du soleil, ou que vous soyez un pro
de la trottinette, cette page est faite pour vous…

Vocabulaire clé
accelerator accélérateur hood, bonnet capot
backseat siège / banquette hubcap enjoliveur
arrière ignition allumage

(ISTOCK)
bicycle bicyclette indicator clignotant
bike vélo jack cric
boot (GB), trunk (US) coffre licence (GB), license (US) Retrouvez cette fiche de vocabulaire lue sur
brakes freins permis le CD lecture et son commentaire sur la
partie basique du CD conversation.
break lights feux-stop lights, headlights phares
CD audio ou téléchargement MP3
bumper pare-chocs (avant)
bus bus lorry (GB), truck (US) camion
motor scooter scooter
cab, taxi taxi
car voiture motorcyle, bike moto
Bon à savoir
caravan caravane number plate plaque
minéralogique Aux États-Unis, il est quasi impossible de circuler sans
chassis chassis voiture tant les villes sont généralement tentaculaires !
passenger passager
clutch embrayage Dans les grandes villes américaines comme Los
pedal pédale Angeles, les routes disposent d’une pool lane, voie
coach autocar
rear-view mirror rétroviseur spécialement réservée aux véhicules avec plusieurs
dashboard tableau de bord personnes à bord. Il s’agit de décongestionner la
ride faire (du vélo), voyager (à
door porte circulation en favorisant le covoiturage.
bord d’un véhicule)
double-decker bus à impériale Attention, l’accès en voiture à l’intérieur de Londres est
scooter trottinette payant.
driver conducteur
steering wheel volant Les villes britanniques bénéficient d’un système de
engine moteur
tail lights phares arrière Park and Ride. Il est ainsi possible de se garer dans de
exhaust échappement grands parkings à l’extérieur de la ville et de rejoindre le
tyre (GB), tire (US) pneu
gear shift levier de vitesse centre grâce à un bus prévu pour cela.
vehicule véhicule
handbrake frein à main
wheel roue
handlebar guidon
windshield pare-brise
honk klaxon
wiper essuie-glace
Testez-vous
Associez chaque mot de la première liste
avec un mot de la seconde :
Expressions à retenir 1- break a- pedal
Let’s roll! On y va ! 2- rear-view mirror b- speed
Pull over! Rangez-vous sur le côté ! 3- accelerator c- reverse gear
Slow down! Ralentis, ralentissez ! 4- clutch d- fare
Hands on the wheel! Mains sur le volant ! 5- bus e- wipers
6- windshield f- stop
Get in the car now! Monte dans la voiture maintenant !
Fasten your seatbelt, it’s gonna be a bumpy ride! Attachez vos SOLUTIONS : 1-f ; 2-c ; 3-b ; 4-a ; 5-d ; 6-e.
ceintures, ça va secouer !

VOCABLE Du 28 juin au 11 juillet 2018 • 17

PRATIC’ABLE  / Grammaire

JOAN GREENWOOD

Adjectifs se terminant en
“-ing” ou en “-ed”
Piqûre de rappel
1 Insérez les mots ci-dessous dans les phrases en les complétant
-ing est utilisé pour décrire
par “–ing” ou “–ed”.
quelqu’un ou quelque chose
excite confuse annoy disappoint disgust bore
-ed est utilisé pour décrire ce 1. D
 on’t go to that hotel. The food is .............................. !
que l’on ressent 2. Isn’t it ............................. driving on the left after having learnt to drive on the right?
Exemples: 3. I’m really ............................. about seeing my friend Pam again.
4. She’s.............................. She always tell us the same old story.
He was an interesting person.
5. I missed the plane because we got stuck in a traffic jam on the way to the airport. I was so ...................... .
His lecture was interesting. 6. M y Dad is getting ............................. about which tablets to take and when.
I was interested in his lecture. 7. T
 his year’s results are.............................. We were expecting to do better.
8. T he children found it really ............................. going on a steam train.
9. He has the ............................. habit of calling on us at meal times.
10. I was ............................. by the way he spoke to me! He was so rude!
2 Corrigez les phrases qui
11. Children often get .......................... during the summer holidays. You need to keep finding new activities.
ne sont pas correctes.
12. He was ............................. when he found out he had failed his exam. He had worked so hard.
1. H
 ave you got an interested job? 9. annoying, 10. disgusted, 11. bored, 12. disappointed.

2. I’m not interested in politics.

SOLUTIONS : 1. disgusting, 2. confusing, 3. excited, 4. boring, 5. annoyed, 6. confused, 7. disappointing, 8. exciting,

3. That’s interesting. I’ll tell my brother.

4. Did you meet anyone interested at

the conference?

5. I ’m tiring after all that exercise.

6. C
 hecking all the details is tiring work.

7. H
 e must be tiring after driving all that Retrouvez Yves Cotten sur et-compagnie.blogspot.fr
way.

8. He’s tiring. He’s always telling us

what to do when we already know
what needs doing.

7. He must be tired after driving all that way.

5. I’m tired after all that exercise.
conference?
4. Did you meet anyone interesting at the
1. Have you got an interesting job?
SOLUTIONS : Phrases corrigées :

s ur www.vocable.fr
Retrouvez beaucoup plus d'exercices de
grammaire, d'orthographe et de culture
générale sur notre site internet !

18 • VOCABLE Du 28 juin au 11 juillet 2018

 / Prononciation Retrouvez plus d’infos sur www.vocable.fr

Soignez votre orthographe !

Le saviez-vous ?
1 Retrouvez les 10 fautes d’orthographe dans ce texte.
L’expression
By the early 1990 France was exporting more than $4bn worth of to jump on the
wine a year and when it came to stile, everyone still followed the bandwagon
French. Today, even the cheepest red wine found in the US or Briton
(prendre le train en
is in some ways a tribut to that victory, having likly been sowked with
marche)
toasted wood ships to approximate the vanila and spice aromas of a
(voir l’ article
French baril.
Why bowl food is so popular

SOLUTIONS : 1990s, style, cheapest, Britain, tribute, likely, soaked, chips, vanilla, barrel.
page 7 § 2)
trouve ses origines aux
Etats-Unis. Au milieu du
2 Tendez l’oreille 19ème siècle le circus band
Mettez ces verbes au passé et indiquez si la dernière syllabe se prononce “t”, “d” (la fanfare) se promenait
ou “id”.
dans les villes à bord d’un
ask ___________ arrive ___________ wagon pour annoncer

discover ___________ distribute ___________ l’arrivée du cirque. En 1848

un homme du cirque a
finish ___________ hate ___________ utilisé son bandwagon pour
imagine ___________ interrogate ___________ attirer l’attention des
électeurs lors de sa
launch ___________ lick ___________
campagne électorale.
link ___________ love ___________ D’autres hommes politiques
cherchaient à monter à
market ___________ open ___________
bord pour profiter de son
part ___________ pick ___________ succès.

touch ___________ visit ___________

watch ___________
sur www.vocable.fr
Retrouvez beaucoup plus d'exercices de
“id”  distributed, hated, interrogated, visited, marketed, parted
“d”  arrived, discovered, finished, imagined, loved, opened grammaire, d'orthographe et de culture
SOLUTIONS : “t”  asked, launched, picked, touched, watched, licked, linked générale sur notre site internet !

VOCABLE Du 28 juin au 11 juillet 2018 • 19

PRATIC’ABLE  / Vocabulaire www.vocable.fr

Jeux de mots
A retenir
1 E
 n vous aidant des définitions ci-dessous, retrouvez dans la grille 5 mots à mémoriser
les objets nécessaires pour mettre la table (to lay the table)!
Il vous faut utiliser toutes les lettres.
dans ce numéro
knick-knacks bibelots
C
nerve-wracking angoissant
  G U T A L  
dry-cleaning nettoyage à sec
D S O K F P R
blind-tasting dégustation à
F B I O R S E l’aveugle
A H A S R N heavy-duty résistant, à usage
L I W U O Y O industriel
N K A R S E P
  T S E C P  
L
L'expression idiomatique
1. Y
 ou need this to cut your meat. Voici quelques expressions pour
2. To be polite (in England) you should push your food on to the back of this (even peas!). décrire des personnes :
3. This word can be preceded by “tea”, “dessert”, “soup”, “table”. well-heeled (voir l’article What to
do in Brighton? page 12 § 2) nanti,
4. U
 seful to put your morning cereals in.
très à l’aise
5. Useful for displaying fruit or for serving vegetables. It also means the food you eat. well-dressed  bien habillé
6. Y
 ou take the food from 5 with 3, put it on this then eat it with 1, 2 or 3. well-behaved sage, qui se conduit
7. A recipient for drinking tea. bien
8. A support for 7. Also useful to put 3 on when you’ve stirred the sugar in. well-bred de bonne famille
9. A
 recipient for wine or water. well-built bien bâti, costaud
10. Y
 ou can carry 1 to 9 to the table on this. well-connected qui a des relations
well-dressed bien habillé, bien vêtu
well-educated cultivé, instruit
SOLUTIONS : 1. knife, 2. fork, 3. spoon, 4. bowl, 5. dish, 6. plate, 7. cup, 8. saucer, 9. glass, 10. tray.

well-endowed à la poitrine
généreuse
2 Et puisqu’on est à table, sauriez-vous parler du vin ? well-groomed soigné, bien coiffé
Démêlez les mots ci-dessous pour retrouver le vocabulaire vinicole. well-known bien connu, célèbre
1. vin NIEW well-mannered qui a de bonnes
manières, bien élevé
2. raisins ARPESG well-meaning bien intentionné
3. vignoble NEIRAVDY well-off à l’aise, riche
4. cépages RAG EP AIETISVRE well-preserved bien conservé
5. viticulteur NIEW OERRWG well-read cultivé
well-spoken qui a une élocution
6. fût RELBAR soignée
7. bouchon OKRC
8. tire-bouchon R E R C O K S W C ou L O T E B T E P N E R O
sur www.vocable.fr
8.corkscrew ou bottle opener Retrouvez beaucoup plus d'exercices de
grammaire, d'orthographe et de culture
générale sur notre site internet !
SOLUTIONS : 1.wine, 2.grapes, 3.vineyard, 4.grape varieties, 5.wine grower, 6.barrel, 7.cork,

Ne manquez pas dans le prochain numéro la nouvelle page PRATIC’ABLE : La bière

20 • VOCABLE Du 28 juin au 11 juillet 2018

Enjeux I Tourisme I
THE INDEPENDENT SIMON CALDER
CAN THOMAS COOK
BECOME THOMAS COOL?
A new look for Thomas Cook
The travel company, Thomas Cook, which basically invented and popularised package holidays, has long been associated with
sunshine and drink for young Brits. But the tourist group has just announced the end of its famous “Club 18-30” in favour of a new
type of package, “Cooks Club”. Will this enjoy the same level of success?
T
homas Cook is the man who indus-
trialised leisure travel by delivering
good value, well-organised experiences for the
masses – starting in 1841, with a day trip from
Leicester to Loughborough for a temperance
meeting, and reaching scale in 1851, when the
pioneering tour operator took 150,000 people
to London for the Great Exhibition.
2. By 1998, the company that bears his name
was providing holidays for great exhibitionists:
young men and women who signed up for Club
18-30 packages and the accompanying raucous
pub crawls and wet T-shirt competitions. The
brand that promoted, er, short-term holiday
romances has had a 20-year affair with Thom-
as Cook. But that will end with a final flight
back from Magaluf on 30 October 2018.
1. leisure travel travelling for pleasure, going on holiday/
vacation / to deliver here, to offer / good value reasonably-
priced / day trip one-day excursion / temperance
abstinence from drinking alcohol (T. Cook was a member of
an anti-alcohol movement) / to reach scale to become big /
pioneering entrepreneurial, innovative / Great Exhibition
Universal exposition (first in a series of World’s Fairs organised
at the Crystal Palace (destroyed in 1936) in London).
2. to sign up for to enrol, to register, here, to buy / package
all-inclusive holiday / raucous noisy, loud / pub crawl activity
of going from one bar to another in the same night / wet full of
water, covered in water / competition contest / brand
trademark / er umm, how can I say this? / affair sexual/
romantic relationship / Magaluf town on the coast of Majorca.
ROYAUME UNI I  B2-C1
ULTRA-COMPETITIVE MARKET
3. The news that Thomas Cook is to ditch the
best-known brand in youth travel was buried
on page six of the firm’s half-year results.
Money talks, and the move makes sense for a
long-established company seeking to grow in
a fragmented, ultra-competitive market where
two rivals, TUI and Jet2, now sell more package
holidays from the UK. While Club 18-30 is eas-
ily the most recognised brand in the youth
sector, it is looking tired; people who went on
its holidays in the 1970s are now in their seven-
ties, and long ago swapped lager for Saga.
NEW DESTINATIONS
4. Club 18-30 is fuelled by cheap alcohol, and
that commodity is no longer the sole preserve
of Mediterranean resorts. Stag and hen parties
are now heading for Eastern European cities
whose names are difficult enough to pronounce
even when you are stone-cold sober. Still, who
3. to ditch to get rid of, to stop association with / half-year
results semestrial results / move decision / to make, made,
made sense to be logical / to seek, sought, sought to try
to / package holiday all-inclusive holiday / easily by far / to
swap to exchange / lager type of light beer / Saga magazine
for people over the age of 50 which also offers insurance and
holidays (the UK’s best-selling monthly magazine).
4. to fuel to stimulate / commodity product / sole
exclusive / preserve domain which is exclusively reserved for
sb / resort place with many hotels/facilities for tourists /
stag party party for a man before he gets married / hen
party party for a woman before she gets married /
stone-cold sober perfectly sober /
(MARY EVANS/SIPA)
(Istock)
cares whether you’re in Szczecin or Rzeszow,
so long as you can save the cost of the air fare
if you drink enough?
5. Expect a sigh of relief from some parts of the
Mediterranean. Even though resorts such as
Magaluf, Malia and Ayia Napa have prospered
from slaking the thirsts of young Britons over
the past few decades, many communities no
longer relish the reputation of “hosting the
wildest party holidays.”
ATTRACTING DIFFERENT KINDS
OF CUSTOMERS
6. Thomas Cook wants to attract people to a
different kind of club. Cook’s Club, promising “a
melting pot of cultures, textures and flavours,”
is certainly a better match than Club 18-30 to the
ideals of the founder. The original tour operator
needs to convince a new generation of travellers
that the product at the core of its business still
delivers good value. Let’s see if style prevails over
sangria, and if the company really can transform
to become Thomas Cool. l
fare cost of a ticket.
5. sigh audible respiration / relief feeling of happiness
after pressure/suffering/distress / to slake to satisfy / to
relish to enjoy / to host to organise, here, to be the chosen
location of / wild uncontrolled.
6. flavour taste, savour / to be a better match to to
correspond better to / core heart, centre / to prevail over
to triumph over, to be more important than.
VOCABLE Du 28 juin au 11 juillet 2018 • 21
Enjeux I Référendum I
THE NEW YORK TIMES KIMIKO DE FREYTAS-TAMURA
WHERE DID IRELAND GO?
Ireland has undergone a significant cultural change
marked by the recent referendum
A historical referendum concerning access to abortion was held on 25 May in Ireland. It
was predicted to be close contest, but in fact 66% of the population voted in favour of
rescinding the amendment prohibiting abortion. How to explain such a result in a
country where the Catholic Church has a tradition of dominating public opinion?
D UBLIN — Some were joyous. Others
were devastated. But most of all, in
the hours after Irish voters swept away a ban
on abortion, many were simply astonished.
However they felt about the result of the refer-
endum, they were witnessing, they knew, the
culmination of a fundamental shift in Irish
society — and one that has come about with
stunning speed.  cigarette outside a pub and watched the street
2. In a remarkably compact span of time, the
country has gone from being a bastion of social
conservatism in the West to a place that whole-
1. devastated suffering terrible disappointment / voter
elector / to sweep, swept, swept away to eliminate, here,
to overthrow / ban prohibition / abortion medical
intervention to terminate a pregnancy / astonished very
surprised / to witness to observe / culmination conclusion,
apogee, climax / shift change / to come, came, come
about to happen, occur, take place / stunning amazing.
2. span of time amount of time / to go, went, gone from...
to to move, here, to change position/attitude concerning /
(the) West the western part of the world / place area,
location, here country / wholeheartedly sincerely /
SUR LE BOUT DE LA LANGUE
wholeheartedly (§2)
sans réserve
Analysons les divers composants de
ce mot :
whole entier
heart coeur
On ajoute "ed" pour obtenir le sens
de venant du cœur
et "ly" pour le transformer d’adjectif
en adverbe.
Comparez :
open-hearted sincère
hard-hearted insensible
22 • VOCABLE Du 28 juin au 11 juillet 2018
IRLANDE I  B2-C1
heartedly embraces positions that would have
been unthinkable just a generation ago. The
culture of silence and deference to religious
authority that long dominated Ireland is gone.
The country that has emerged is an unlikely
leader of liberal values. “Ireland has changed
180 degrees on everything,” said Adam Tyrrell,
24, struggling to take it all in as he smoked a
fill up with crowds of cheering yes supporters
after the results were announced.  of decades.”
FAST SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC
CHANGE
3. The nation of 4.8 million people has experi-
enced some of the fastest social and economic
change in the world. In a matter of 30 years,
Ireland has gone from being a poor and deeply
Roman Catholic country to one that is seeing
high growth rates and has installed a gay man
as prime minister. Long associated with export-
ing cheap labor, it has accepted a sizable num-
ber of immigrants and is home to foreign tech
companies like Google, Amazon and Facebook.
In 2015, in another popular vote, Ireland ap-
proved same-sex marriage by a landslide.
4. While the landslide result of the abortion
referendum may have surprised much of the
to embrace to adopt, accept (enthusiastically) / position
point of view / deference submission, respect / long for such
a longtime / to be gone to have disappeared / unlikely
improbable, unexpected / to struggle to to have difficulty /
to take, took, taken it all in to understand it all / to fill up
with here, to become crowded with people / crowd group of
people / to cheer here, to acclaim, applaud, here, to rejoice.
3. to experience to be subject to, encounter / in a matter
of in the space of / deeply profoundly / to see, saw, seen
to realise, register / growth rate rate the economy is
increasing, expanding / to install here, to elect / cheap
inexpensive / labor (US)= labour (GB) workers / sizable
considerable / to be home to to be the location of /
foreign from another country, international / tech
= technology / same-sex homosexual / landslide big
majority, overwhelming victory.
A woman from the "Yes" campaign reacts after the final re
world, many Irish were less shocked. They have
seen the changes in the country building over
time. Prime Minister Leo Varadkar, who is half
Indian, spoke of a “quiet revolution that has
been taking place in Ireland over the last couple
 
CONVERGENCE WITH THE REST
OF EUROPE
5. Ireland’s impoverished past, as well as the
outsize role of the Catholic Church, had set it
apart from much of the rest of Europe. Many
saw the referendum as the final step in aligning
the country with the rest of the continent. The
vote, Tyrrell said, “cements us as a progressive
nation.” Alan Barrett, director of the Economic
and Social Research Institute in Dublin, said
the results of the abortion referendum indi-
cated a “convergence with European norms.” 
6. “If you take the standard mainstream views
in continental Europe, Ireland was the outlier,
and it was always economically behind Europe,”
he said. “With the Catholic Church being
moved aside, you’ve got the Irish accumulating
4. to build, built, built to grow (fig.) / over during the
course of / quiet calm, tranquil / to take, took, taken
place to happen, occur / couple of decades = 20 years
(decade period of ten years).
5. impoverished poor, deprived / as well as in addition
to / outsize huge, enormous / to set, set, set apart to
distinguish (from the rest) / step stage, phase / to align
with to correspond with / to cement to firmly establish /
progressive with more liberal ideas and new methods.
6. standard usual, normal, classic / mainstream
conventional, traditional / view way of thnking / outlier
exception / to move aside here, to render less influential,
powerful /
 facile A2-B1 /  moyen B2-C1 /  difficile C1-C2
 Retrouvez plus de tests dans la newsletter Vocable www.vocable.fr/newsletter

esult was announced. (Peter Morrison/AP/SIPA) Pro and anti-abortion posters on lampposts, in Dublin. (Peter Morrison/AP/SIPA)
their values and views the same way that the traumatized the nation, the remains of nearly in the Catholic Church, and the beginning of
French, the Germans or the British get theirs.”  800 children born out of wedlock were found an economic boom. 
in 2014 in a Catholic-run home for mothers and
THE CATHOLIC CHURCH their children in Tuam.  THE “CELTIC TIGER”
7. There are many factors behind Ireland’s 11. From the early 1990s and the early 2000s,
dramatic makeover. The most dominant reason ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION Ireland was dubbed the “Celtic Tiger.” The
is the collapse of the Catholic Church’s influence 9. Another major factor driving the change: an decade of prosperity attracted multinationals,
in most spheres of Irish life. “It’s very important economic transformation. As recently as the increased living standards and brought back
to know that Ireland has been 1980s, Ireland was a very dif- Irish expatriates who carried with them new
secularizing for a long time,” ferent place. With a weak econ- ideas and values. 
said Diane Negra, a professor
of cultural studies at Univer-
The omy in that decade, many
young Irish left the country to 12. The economy soured for a few years, but then
sity College Dublin. The credi- credibility of look for jobs abroad, leaving recovered. Last year, Ireland posted a 7.8 percent
bility of the church has been the church behind an older, more conserv- growth rate, the highest in the European Union
battered by a string of scandals, ative population that was loyal — though many Irish say that inequality has
some involving pedophile has been to the church. It was during also risen. Ireland’s decision to make secondary
priests and the cover-up of their battered by this period that Ireland voted schools free improved education, and the intro-
crimes.  a string of for restrictive rules on abortion
and marriage. 
duction of contraception significantly reduced
the number of children per family. That helped
8. Ireland’s practice of placing scandals. more women enter the paid workforce. 
thousands of unwed mothers 10. In 1983, Ireland voted in
into servitude in so-called Mag- favor of the Eighth Amend- 13. It was during the boom years, in 1993, that
dalene laundries, designed to rehabilitate what ment in the Irish Constitution, which effec- Ireland decriminalized homosexuality. Two
the church considered “fallen” women, did not tively banned abortion — the amendment that years later, the country finally voted to allow
end until the mid-1990s. And in a case that the Irish voted to repeal [last month]. Three divorce. The referendum on abortion, many
years later, the Irish rejected a proposed Irish said, was the final crack in the foundation
amendment to remove a ban on divorce. At- of the old Ireland. l
way manner. titudes shifted notably in the 1990s with the
7. dramatic spectacular, considerable / makeover first revelations of the sexual abuse scandal
transformation, change / dominant here, principal / 11. early the beginning (years) of... / to dub to call,
collapse fall, end / to secularize to remove from religious nickname / to increase to improve / living standards
influences / college university / to batter to damage / level of living conditions / to carry to bring, be the bearer of.
string series, succession / to involve to implicate / priest remains here, dead body, corpse / nearly almost / 12. to sour to deteriorate / to recover to get back, regain
minister of the Catholic church / cover-up act of hiding sth. wedlock marriage / to run, ran, run to direct, manage / (normal or usual level) / to post to record / though
8. unwed not married (to wed to marry) / so-called home residence, institution that looks after people in need. however, although / to rise, rose, risen to go up, increase
named, known as / Magdalene laundry Madeleine 9. to drive, drove, driven to influence, bring, cause / / to make, made, made to render / to improve to make
convent, Catholic institution/asylum run as a penitentiary weak not strong / abroad in foreign countries / rule law. better / significantly considerably / workforce working
style work-house for women considered sexually population.
10. to repeal to annul, rescind / to remove to eliminate,
promiscuous / to design to create, establish / case affair, 13. to allow to authorize / crack fissure, fault.
get rid of / attitude here, mentality / to shift to change /
situation /
notably particularly.

VOCABLE Du 28 juin au 11 juillet 2018 • 23

 ÉchosBrèves de culture
Retrouvez plus d’infos sur www.vocable.fr

(2014 Home Box Office, Inc. HBO / diffusion OCS)

Gimmicks against
spoilers
With Game of Thrones’ latest and final

(DOUGLAS HEALEY/AP/SIPA)
season set to air in 2019, producers have
taken radical steps against spoilers. Nikolaj
Coster-Waldau, who plays Jaime Lannister
in the series, revealed that the digital scripts
the actors received for this season “self-
destructed” after the scene had been shot,
like in a Mission: Impossible scene...

Literary giant
gimmick trick, strategy / spoiler information that
gives away too much of the plot of a story, thus
‘spoiling’ it for someone who has not yet seen it / to
air to be broadcast, shown / to take, took, taken
Last month, American author, Philip Roth, passed away. He was 85. He was one steps to take measures / to shoot, shot, shot to
of the greatest writers of the 20th century, winning a Pulitzer Prize and two Na- film.

tional Book Awards, among many others. Philip Roth’s novels explored enduring
themes such as male sexual desire, Jewish identity and identity in general, Amer-
ican history, the connection between authors and their work, and politics. Port-
noy’s Complaint (1969), one of his first novels — a monologue to his therapist by a
young Jewish man who is obsessed with women — profoundly angered the Jew-
ish community and made him a bestselling author.
to pass away to die / award prize, honour, distinction / novel book, work of fiction / enduring longlasting, continuing /
jewish belonging to the Jewish culture or religion / Portnoy’s Complaint Portnoy et son complexe / to anger to make furious.

(Bebeto Matthews/AP/SIPA)
Political art
The organization “For Freedoms” is
launching a public art campaign aiming
to galvanise political debate and
participation through art. From
September onwards, billboards across
the United States will show artwork by
New author
(RICHARD B. LEVINE/NEWSCOM/SIPA)

artists such as Sam Durant and Marilyn

Minter. “We are hoping to bring art to the Former US president Bill Clinton is releasing
center of public life in the lead-up to the a novel, which he co-wrote with bestselling
midterms, which is where we think art author, James Patterson. The President Is
should belong,” Eric Gottesman, one of Missing is a 513-page thriller whose plot
the organization’s founders, said. The focuses on cyber terrorism. American
organization has also teamed up with channel, Showtime, has already purchased
over 200 local partners — from museums the rights to adapt the novel into a TV
to universities and galleries —who will series.
offer free public programming. former ex- / to release to publish / novel book,
to aim to try, attempt, intend, have as a goal / from... onwards from... / billboard large outdoor board used for work of fiction / The President Is Missing Le
publicity / lead-up period preceding / midterms = midterm elections = midterm elections / to team up to come président a disparu / plot storyline / to focus on to
together as a team. concentrate on / to purchase to buy, acquire.

24 • VOCABLE Du 28 juin au 11 juillet 2018

Culture I Exposition I
THE ECONOMIST
THE FASCINATING
HISTORY OF DENTISTRY
Dental history
The Wellcome Collection museum and library in London is offering a fantastic and free exhibition called “Teeth”, tracing the
evolution of our relationship with teeth and dental medicine. It is an opportunity to discover an aspect of our lives, and body,
often forgotten outside of visits to the dentist.
E YES are not the window into the
soul—teeth are. They can be rotten,
wise or broken; they reveal our diet, health
and wealth. As babies, we learn about the
world around us by munching our way
through it. Teeth are the only exposed part
of our skeleton while we are alive. And when
we die, they will be the part of our body that
longest remains on earth. If we perish in a
particularly grisly fashion, our dental records
may be what identifies us.
1. rotten decayed, here, full of cavities / wise (wisdom
teeth) full of wisdom / diet food regimen, eating habits /
to munch to chew, to eat / grisly macabre, horrific /
fashion way / records archives, dossier.
ROYAUME-UNI I  C2
2. These are all good reasons to visit the
dentist. But, as a new exhibition at the Well-
come Collection in London shows, for most
of history that visit was an ordeal that didn’t
involve a dentist armed with anaesthetic and
suction tubes so much as a tooth-puller with
crude pliers. The craft was more a spectacle
than a science. One practitioner, known as
Le Grand Thomas, made his living in 18th-
2. exhibition exposition / Wellcome Collection
museum and library with collections on the study of
medical history / ordeal painful experience / suction
tube tube used to remove saliva / crude rudimentary,
basic / pliers metal hand tool used to hold objects firmly /
craft profession / practitioner person who practises a
certain profession (often medical) /
(Wellcome Collection)
century Paris by lifting people off the ground
by their teeth, letting gravity do the yanking.
THE FIRST DENTIST
3. Pierre Fauchard, the first self-styled den-
tiste, helped put a stop to that with his sci-
entific approach to oral health. The author of
the first treatise on the subject—Le Chirurgien
Dentiste, published in 1728—he pioneered the
use of fillings, braces and even the dental >>>
to lift off the ground to raise into the air / yanking here,
pulling (yank sudden pulling movement/extraction).
3. self-styled self-proclaimed / to pioneer to be the first
person to start doing sth / filling substance inserted into
the cavity of a tooth / brace dental appliance used to align
the teeth /
VOCABLE Du 28 juin au 11 juillet 2018 • 25
 Culture I Exposition I
>>> chair. Fauchard believed that what the
world’s wealthy needed was to have nice
teeth that functioned properly, and he be-
came rich in his own right by providing
dentures to Parisian elites.
4. But healthy human chompers were a rare
commodity. Anatomy schools were one
source; fabricated porcelain dentures were
another, but their brittleness and lack of
verisimilitude put off self-conscious aristo-
crats. A better alter-
native came from
the dead: grave-
robbers and battle-
field-scavengers
were dentists’
earliest business
partners. The site
of the battle of
Waterloo, which
left over 50,000
dead, was said to
have been left
toothless with-
in 24 hours. The Dental instrument set
practice spawned made for Sir Edwin
a follow ing—a Saunders (1814-1901),
dentist to Queen Victoria.
“Waterloo tooth” (British Dental Association / Filip Gierlinkski)
was t he name
given to any gnasher filched from a deceased £350, or $475 today) for people to give up their
soldier, as tooth-robbery continued into the front teeth. But inequality cut both ways.
Crimean and American civil wars.
INEQUALITIES
5. The exhibition is at its best when it probes
the inequalities of the dentistry business.
Even after Fauchard’s innovations, gruesome
and bloody customs persisted. Doctors
viewed oral pathologies with contempt, and
dental chair chair which patients sit in during a dental
consultation / in one’s own right by himself, without the
association of another / dentures false teeth.
4. chompers (inf.) teeth (to chomp to chew noisily) /
commodity product / brittleness fragility / verisimilitude
here, realistic appearance / to put, put, put off to dissuade /
self-conscious aware of one’s image / grave-robber person
who steals from graves / scavenger person who looks
through unwanted things which have been thrown away in
search of useful objects / to spawn to start, to result in /
following group of enthusiasts / gnasher (inf.) tooth (to
gnash to grind one’s teeth together) / to filch to steal.
5. to probe to explore, to examine / gruesome horrible,
atrocious / bloody causing much blood / contempt
disdain, disrespect, attitude that sth is inferior /
26 • VOCABLE Du 28 juin au 11 juillet 2018
ROYAUME-UNI I  C2
NIVEAU BASIQUE DU SUPPLÉMENT SONORE
On the Basic recording, the eye-teeth have it! Listen to the horrors of
dentistry, and how to avoid them!
CD audio ou téléchargement MP3 (sur abonnement)
left tooth removal to “barber-surgeons”,
whose job it was to trim hair, amputate limbs
and pull teeth. One 16th-century surgeon
sympathetically warned that wrenching out
teeth “should not be carried out with too
much violence” since it carried the risk of
“bringing away a portion of the jaw to-
gether with the tooth”. For those who could
not afford even these rudimentary services,
blacksmiths did the trick. Unsurprisingly,
their instruments of choice were heavy-
duty pliers, more fitting for metalwork
than molars.  tooth  teeth
6. In one cartoon, a
chimney-sweep coated
in soot has his teeth
wrenched out in order
for them to be trans-
planted into the mouths
of the wealthy; children
observe with glee. This
scene may well have
been plucked from
reality: an 18th-
century dentist in
New York ran a
newspaper adver-
tisement offering two guin-
eas (equivalent to about
Queen Elizabeth I was said to have painful
cavities from excessive sugar—a luxury item.
THE MODERN ERA
7.The exhibition’s overview of the modern
era has rather less bite. Giant teeth used at
dentistry schools are displayed, opposite
barber-surgeon man who cut hair and shaved men but
also did small surgeries and teeth extractions / to trim to
cut / limb arm or leg / to pull here, to extract /
sympathetically with compassion / to wrench out to
pull out with force / jaw two bones which form the
structure of the mouth / blacksmith person who forges
objects of iron / to do, did, done the trick to do the job /
heavy-duty very strong / fitting appropriate.
6. cartoon caricature, satirical drawing / chimney-
sweep person who cleans chimneys / coated in to cover /
soot black powder which is produced after sth is burned /
glee joy, pleasure / to pluck (from) to take / to cut, cut,
cut both ways to affect both sides equally / painful
causing physical distress/suffering / cavity dental caries.
7. overview general summary / to have bite to have
punch, force / to display to present, to exhibit /
Retrouvez plus d’infos sur www.vocable.fr
SUR LE BOUT DE LA LANGUE
Le pluriel en anglais se
termine normalement
par "s", "es" ou bien
"ies".
Mais il y a un certain nombre de
pluriels irréguliers.
Exemples :
foot  feet
child  children
man  men
shelf  shelves
mouse  mice
person  people
clever and artsy toothpaste advertisements,
posters of public health campaigns and the
ever-dreaded dentist’s chair. But the theme
of inequality is less clear.
8. Another section deals with the desire for
a “Hollywood smile” that has driven modern
dentistry. Alongside a set of “grillz” (replace-
able blingy retainers adored by celebrities)
there is a tooth from Mayan civilisation
encrusted delicately with jade. This is a
truly fascinating artefact—and is almost
1,000 years older than everything else in the
exhibition, which deals only with the past
300 years of Western society’s relationship
with teeth.
9. The exhibition brings the fascinating his-
tory of dentistry—grim, messy and socially
unequal—to life, but one burning question
remains. A tooth exhibition in Britain might
have been expected to answer whether the
English really do have bad teeth. l
artsy artistic / toothpaste gel or paste used on a brush
for cleaning one’s teeth / ever-dreaded always-feared.
8. to drive, drove, driven to boost, to stimulate / alongside
next to / blingy bling bling / retainer object worn in the
mouth to help align teeth / encrusted decorated / artefact
handmade object of historical or cultural interest.
9. grim sinister, unpleasant / messy dirty, sordid.
 facile A2-B1 /  moyen B2-C1 /  difficile C1-C2
Culture I Cinéma I ETATS-UNIS I  C2 Une suggestion ? écrivez-nous sur monavis@vocable.fr

LOS ANGELES TIMES JOSH ROTTENBERG

CHARLIZE THERON AND

DIABLO CODY ON TULLY
The difficulties of being a mother in Charlize Theron's new film, Tully
The film Tully (in cinemas from 27 June) is the latest collaboration of director Jason Reitman and screenwriter Diablo Cody,
following the success of Juno and Young Adult. South African actress Charlize Theron plays Marlo, exhausted mother of two who
has just given birth to her third child and decides, against her better judgement, to employ a night nurse named Tully. Interview.

T wo years ago, screenwriter Diablo

Cody was in the middle of trying to
write “a very big, commercial, four-quadrant
movie” when she gave birth to her third child.
After her first two kids, she had gotten back
in the groove of work, but this time, shattered
by exhaustion, she felt herself floundering
both as a writer and as a parent. Cody, 39, had
always been dismissive of the idea of hiring
a night nanny, thinking, she says, “the least
I can do is wake up with my baby.” But this
time she decided to enlist someone to help

1. screenwriter person who writes the script of a film /

four-quadrant movie film which interests all four major
demographic groups: male, female, over- and under- 25s
/ groove here, rhythm / shattered here, in pieces /
exhaustion severe fatigue, tiredness / to flounder to
struggle, to have difficulties / to be dismissive of to
reject / to hire (sin. to enlist) to employ / to help her
over the hump... to help her surmount (over the hump
past the most difficult part) /
SUR LE BOUT DE LA LANGUE
to help her over the
hump (§1) pour l'aider à
surmonter l'épreuve
A hump = une bosse
Quelques expressions avec hump :
we're over the hump le plus dur est
fait
to have/to get the hump faire la
gueule
a humpback whale une baleine à
bosse
to have a humpback être bossu
a humpbacked bridge un pont à dos
d'âne
her over the hump of sleep deprivation. The
experience was revelatory.  and shot through with dark humor, the film
2. The big studio project fell away and the
idea for another, more personal story began
gestating in Cody’s mind — an idea that
would eventually grow into the new film
Tully. In Tully, Charlize Theron stars as
Marlo, an overburdened middle-aged moth-
er of three whose life is turned upside down
in unexpected ways when her wealthy broth-
er (Mark Duplass) offers to hire a young night
nanny (Mackenzie Davis) to help care for her
deprivation insufficiency, lack.
2. to fall, fell, fallen away to gradually disappear /
eventually finally, in the end / to grow, grew, grown
into to become, to develop into / to star to play the
principal role / overburdened with too many
responsibilities, overworked / mother of three... mother
with three children / unexpected surprising,
unanticipated / wealthy rich /
(Mars Films)
newborn daughter. Deliberately discomfiting
marks Cody’s third collaboration with direc-
tor Jason Reitman after the 2007 teen-preg-
nancy hit Juno and 2011’s darkly comic Young
Adult, which also starred Theron. 
UNCOMFORTABLE QUESTIONS
3. Even as she was writing Tully, Cody was
well aware that a film that portrays a moth-
er who is barely holding it together — and
that tackles uncomfortable questions of how
class intersects with parenting — threatened >>>
discomfiting disconcerting / shot through with
injected with, full of / teen-pregnancy about an
adolescent girl who becomes pregnant.
3. aware conscious / to portray to represent, to depict /
barely hardly, only just / to hold, held, held together to
remain in one piece and not fall apart / to tackle to deal
with, to address / to intersect to cross over into, to
converge with / to threaten to menace, to risk /

VOCABLE Du 28 juin au 11 juillet 2018 • 27

 Culture I Cinéma I ETATS-UNIS
>>> to touch a third rail in movies. “In TV, I’ve
definitely noticed that people are more will-
ing to embrace the flawed female protagonist,
but there’s still something about the mother,”
she says. “We can deal with an unlikable
woman who’s freaking out. But if she’s freak-
ing out on children, we’re out.” 
4. For evidence of the risks, Cody needed to
look no further than her own resume. While
Juno proved a runaway hit, grossing $231 mil-
lion worldwide and earning Cody an Oscar
for original screenplay, Young Adult — whose
central character, an acerbic alcoholic divorcee,
proved off-putting to many viewers — failed
to connect with a large audience. 
THE MYTH OF THE SUPERMOM
5. Still, as raw and edgy as Cody’s script seemed,
when Reitman first sent a copy to Theron, the
actress immediately connected with it as a
single mom of two young adopted children. “I
had just come out of my dark tunnel,” Theron
says. “My little one was 6 months old and she
had just moved out of sleeping in my room and
was slowly starting to sleep through the night.”  In the run-up to its release, Tully has stirred
6. In a culture that often expects women to
present a soft-focus image of maternal perfec-
tion to the world, Theron knew a film delving
into the emotional minefield of motherhood
had the potential to strike a chord. “We’re so
honest about everything — we share what
medication we take, what happens in our
bedrooms — but we don’t talk necessarily
about this stuff,” says the actress, who gained
nearly 50 pounds for the role. Both as the father
of a young daughter and as a filmmaker drawn
to flawed, messy characters, Reitman was
similarly excited by the prospect of probing
some of the darker corners of child-rearing.  out to me who’ve only seen the trailer, saying, 11. Having dredged Tully out of her own most
third rail controversial/taboo subject / to be willing to
to be prepared to / to embrace to accept / flawed
imperfect, with faults / to freak out to react in an
extremely emotional and irrational way, to suffer from a
neurosis.
4. evidence proof / resume (or résumé) CV, here,
experience / to prove to turn out to be / runaway
uncontrolled, here, huge / to gross to make a profit before
tax / screenplay scenario, film script / off-putting
unpleasant, unsympathetic / audience public.
5. still all the same / raw realistic, fresh / edgy
provocative, audaciously innovative.
6. to expect to assume / soft-focus image unclear
image giving a romantic/sentimental effect / to delve
into to explore / minefield situation with potentiel
hazards and dangers / to strike, struck, struck a chord
to evoke a feeling of shared emotion / stuff kind of thing
/ pound = 453.6 grams / to draw, drew, drawn to
attract / to probe to explore, to examine / child-rearing
act of bringing up children.
28 • VOCABLE Du 28 juin au 11 juillet 2018
I  C2
Screenwriter Diablo Cody, actress Charlize Theron and director Jason Reitman. (Shutterstock/SIPA)
TARGETING MOTHERS a little too fast. Young Adult is about maybe
7. Focus Features, which is releasing Tully, growing up a little too slow. And Tully is
has made a particular effort to target moth- about that moment where you have to say
ers in its marketing campaign for the film. goodbye to a portion of your childhood but
you’re not sure if you’re ready for where you
concerns from some that the film does not are in this moment.” 
treat Marlo’s postpartum mental-health
struggles with sufficient seriousness and MALE DIRECTOR
nuance. “Motherhood is hard, yes, but it is 10. Though some might ask whether a female
not this,” Diana Spalding, a midwife and director would have been a better fit for a
pediatric nurse, wrote in a piece on the web- film about the complexities of motherhood,
site Motherly.  Theron pushes back against that idea. “What
makes it really beautiful is that Jason is
8. But Cody believes that the film, which has searching for the truth of what it feels like
received largely positive reviews since its to be a woman,” she says. “We need that. We
debut at the Sundance Film Festival, will have to be careful that we don’t throw a
resonate with many mothers who rarely see general blanket on what a female story
the challenges of parenthood dealt with hon- should look like or who should make it.” 
estly onscreen. “I’ve had so many moms reach
‘I’ve been waiting for this movie,’” Cody says.  difficult moments as a mother, Cody is now
eager to see how the film’s story — which
9. In the three films he’s made with Cody, all unfolds in unexpected ways the filmmakers
of them centered on female characters, Reit- have been careful not to spoil — will resonate
man sees a clear thematic through-line. “All with parents and nonparents alike. “It’s the
the films deal with this feeling of being type of movie that you want people to dis-
unsure of where you are in the arc of your cover and interpret. You don’t want to give
lifetime,” he says. Juno is about growing up everything away.” l
7. to release here, to distribute / to target to identify 10. to be a fit to be appropriate/adapted / to push back
and focus on as a potential objective / run-up period against to oppose, to reject / that we don’t throw a
before an event / to stir to provoke / struggle battle, general blanket... that we don’t make broad
here, difficulties / midwife woman/man who assists a generalisations....
woman in childbirth / piece article. 11. to dredge to search for a submerged object and bring
8. review critique / debut first showing of a film / to it to the surface / eager keen, ready, impatient / to
resonate to evoke a feeling of shared emotion / to reach unfold to develop / to spoil, spoiled or spoilt, spoiled
out to to contact / trailer promotional preview of a new film. or spoil to ruin (by revealing information) / alike both...
and... / to give, gave, given away here, to reveal.
9. through-line common theme / arc progression of
events.
 facile A2-B1 /  moyen B2-C1 /  difficile C1-C2
VOCABLE Du 10 au 24 décembre 2015 • 29
Découverte I Astronomie I ETATS-UNIS I  B2-C1
SUPPLÉMENT VIDÉO
La Nasa vient de découvrir d'intrigantes
Volcan Kilauea molécules sur Mars. Regardez le reportage
vidéo et testez votre compréhension sur
www.vocable.fr/vidéos-anglais

THE NEW YORK TIMES MIKE IVES

USING THE KILAUEA

VOLCANO TO STUDY MARS
Research of the volcanic eruption in Hawaii provides information on the planet Mars
The Kilauea Volcano in Hawaii continues to spew lava on Big Island. Since the first eruption on 3 May, it has caused considerable
damage, destroying the homes of hundreds of residents and engulfing entire lakes in its path. The hyperactive volcano, feared by
all, is fascinating for astronauts from NASA, offering them an important landscape to study…

T he Kilauea volcano on the Big Island

of Hawaii has been setting off small
earthquakes, creating gas-emitting fissures
and releasing flows of lava that have de-
stroyed dozens of homes and forced the
evacuation of at least 2,000 people. But some
scientists look at the basalt-rich lava fields
around Kilauea, and see something else: a
portal to Mars, whose surface is mostly
composed of basaltic rocks.
2. A team of biologists, volcanologists, astro-
nauts and other specialists has periodically
1. to set, set, set off to unleash, let off, discharge /
earthquake seismic shock, sudden violent movement of
the earth’s surface / to release here, to emit, send out /
flow flux, stream, profusion / dozen = twelve, here,
multiples of twelve, many / at least a minimum of /
portal gateway, means of access, here, opportunity to
study / mostly principally, for the most part.
SUR LE BOUT DE LA LANGUE
Is Mars habitable? (§ 4)
Notez qu'en anglais on peut dire
habitable ou inhabitable pour parler
d'un endroit où l’on peut vivre.
Mais attention, le mot français
inhabitable se traduit par
uninhabitable, pour parler d'un
endroit où l’on ne peut pas vivre.
Le verbe habiter se traduit par to
inhabit (synonymes: to live, to
dwell)
conducted fieldwork in the Kilauea fields
since 2015 as part of a four-year, NASA-led
research project. Among the questions they
are investigating is how any life on ancient
Mars, if it did exist, may have developed.
FOCUS ON LIVING ORGANISMS
3.Basaltic terrain can host a diverse range
of microorganisms, leading scientists in
Hawaii to focus on the bacteria and other
organisms living there, and the factors that
enable them to survive.
4. “The reason why there continue to be ques-
tions, and programs like ours that go out and
try to answer the questions — Was Mars
habitable? Is it currently habitable? — is that
nobody really knows,” said Darlene Lim, a
geobiologist at the NASA Ames Research
Center in Silicon Valley and the project’s
principal investigator.
5. Lim’s team is also testing gear and opera-
tional systems that astronauts could use
during potential future missions to the red
planet’s surface. Lim said an open question
2. to conduct to carry out / fieldwork on-site research /
as part of within the framework of / among one of / to
investigate here, to study.
3. to host to be home to, be a suitable location for / range
variety, diversity / to lead, led, led here to influence,
cause / to focus on to concentrate on, here, study in detail
/ to enable to permit, allow, make possible.
4. to go, went, gone out here, to go to a specific location
/ currently at present, at the moment.
5. gear equipment /
is how astronauts exploring Mars should
communicate their findings back to earth
despite a one-way communications delay
— what she called “planetary latency” — that
can be anywhere from four to 22 minutes.
“You can’t have an infinite amount of data
pumped between both planets,” she added.
“It’s very expensive.”
POTENTIAL INTERSTELLAR
APPLICATIONS
6. Scientists with the project — which is of-
ficially called Biologic Analog Science Associ-
ated with Lava Terrains, or BASALT — say
that some of their research for the project
will be published later this year in the scien-
tific journal Astrobiology.
7. The project is one of several continuing
ones in and around Hawaii’s volcanoes that
have potential interstellar applications. An-
other is a NASA-funded behavioral research
study in which teams of people live in isola-
tion for months at a “Mars-like” site on the
slope of the Mauna Loa volcano, down the
findings results of a scientific study / despite in spite of /
one-way in one direction only / latency time lapse, delay
/ anywhere anything, something between, (any
percentage between) / amount quantity / data
information / to pump to transfer, transmit in large
quantities.
6. journal specialised (scientific) publication.
7. continuing ongoing / to fund to finance / behavioral
relating to human conduct / isolation separation, solitude
/ -like similar to / slope incline, slope /

30 • VOCABLE Du 28 juin au 11 juillet 2018  facile A2-B1 /  moyen B2-C1 /  difficile C1-C2

A NASA-funded science team on the lava fields of Kilauea. (SIPANY/SIPA)
road from Kilauea. The study was partly
designed to gauge how humans deal with
boredom.
8. “They have to pretend that they can’t go
outside without donning rather cumbersome
suits,” Scott Rowland, a geologist at the Uni-
versity of Hawaii at Manoa who helps run a
separate “planetary volcano-analog work-
shop” for graduate students, said of the
study’s participants. Rowland said that while
no Martian (or, for that matter, lunar) volca-
noes are active, Hawaii’s volcanoes are useful
to scientists because they have newly formed
faults, craters, calderas and other features
that can be studied up close.
down the road from not far from / to design to devise,
create / to gauge to determine, evaluate, here, to study /
to deal, dealt, dealt with to face up to, manage /
boredom situation where there is nothing to do.
8. to pretend to make believe, here, simulate / to don to put
on, wear / rather fairly / cumbersome heavy, large,
awkward and inconvenient (to wear) / suit here, space suit,
protective set of outer apparel / to run, ran, run to organise,
manage / workshop practical study group / graduate
student student who is working on a Master’s degree or PhD
/ while even though / for that matter indeed / fault crack
in the earth’s crust / caldera large volcanic crater / feature
aspect, characteristic / up close very near.
Téléchargez l’appli Vocable offerte à nos abonnés ! www.vocable.fr/applimobile
NEW PROJECTS seamount, also known as an underwater
9. [In May], Kilauea [generated] steam, vol- volcano. The project, which is expected to
canic gas, ash clouds and lava, some of which run through at least 2020, is run partly by
[flowed] into the Pacific NASA and the National Oce-
Ocean and [set off] a chemi- anic and Atmospheric Ad-
cal reaction that produced Hawaii’s ministration.
clouds of acid and fine glass. volcanoes are
The activity prompted au- 11. NASA says the seamount,
thorities to evacuate Hawaii useful to known as Lō`ihi, may be an
Volcanoes National Park, scientists analog to the hydrothermal
where all of the BASALT pro- because they systems on one of Saturn’s
ject’s Hawaii fieldwork has have newly moons, Enceladus, which has
taken place. (It has other re- an ocean of liquid water be-
search sites in Idaho.) formed faults, neath its icy crust. Scientists
craters, calderas. have wondered if Enceladus
10. Lim said her team was and other icy moons in the
not affected by the recent outer solar system could be
activity because its fieldwork in the park home to microbes or other forms of alien life.
ended in November. But she plans to return The seamount is an “incredible alien environ-
to Hawaii’s Big Island this summer, she said, ment,” Lim said. “If you will.” l
for a project in which researchers will use
a robotic vehicle to explore an underwater
to expect to anticipate, predict / to run, ran run through
to last until the end of....
9. steam water vapour / ash powder that remains after 11. beneath below, under / crust solid outer layer / to
sth is burnt / to prompt to cause, motivate / to take, wonder to speculate, think about (here, the possibility of)
took, taken place to happen, occur. / outer furthermost edge, extremity / to be home to to
10. to plan to to intend to / mount land mass that possess, harbour, here, be a suitable location for / if you
projects well above its surroundings / will if you like, in a way.
VOCABLE Du 28 juin au 11 juillet 2018 • 31
 Bons plans I Langues

WORK AND
STUDY OU
COMMENT
VOYAGER
À MOINDRE
COÛT
PAR LAETITIA MORÉNI

Les séjours « Work and Study » représentent une

option intéressante pour des jeunes qui souhaitent
pratiquer une langue étrangère dans un contexte
professionnel, tout en étant rémunéré. Un plus pour

(ISTOCK)
son CV mais aussi pour son portefeuille !

POUR QUI ?
➜ Les 18-30 ans
Partir à l’étranger, parfaire une langue et à coût réduit, c’est possible
avec cette formule permettant de suivre des cours et de travailler.
Désignée sous l’appellation de « Work and Study » par les organisa-
teurs de séjours linguistiques labellisés Unosel, ce projet s’adresse
aux jeunes entre 18 et 30 ans et présente plusieurs avantages. « En
plus des cours, travailler sur place permet de pratiquer la langue et
d’acquérir une expérience professionnelle, tout en finançant son
voyage », explique Catherine Van Dale, directrice
des programmes du Centre Easylangues. Plus
le niveau de langue est élevé, plus vous avez de Un niveau B1
chances de trouver un emploi qualifié ; cependant,
la plupart des offres se trouvent dans le domaine minimum est
touristique et l’hôtellerie-restauration. A noter qu’il généralement
ne s’agit pas de volontariat, ni de stages en entre-
prise, mais bien d’obtenir un emploi adapté à vos
nécessaire
compétences linguistiques. Un niveau B1 minimum pour ces
est généralement nécessaire pour ces programmes
et les destinations les plus prisées restent les pays
programmes
anglophones. Sans contrainte de visas ni de pape-
rasse administrative, le Royaume-Uni ou l’Irlande apparaissent donc
comme les meilleurs choix. Pour ceux qui préfèrent l’aventure, les
destinations outre-Atlantique s’ouvrent à quelques candidats, mais
en nombre limité en raison des quotas.
permet aux jeunes d’effectuer des stages non rémunérés dans des
entreprises ou des magasins.
AU ROYAUME UNI
➜ A Londres, sans cours obligatoires
Le marché de l’emploi en Angleterre se porte bien et reste très ouvert
aux étrangers. Deux atouts qui font du Royaume-Uni une destination
phare. « Et le vrai plus, c’est que la question du permis de travail ne se
pose pas », ajoute Bruno Bureau, président d’Oliver Twist. Plusieurs
options existent : chez Oliver Twist par exemple,
on propose une formule « Travail + Logement »
à Londres pour ceux qui ne souhaitent pas suivre
de cours. « On garantit un hébergement à l'arrivée
pendant un mois, en plus de trouver un emploi sous
moins de 10 jours », précise Bruno Bureau. Dans ce
cadre-là, les frais de placement, d'accompagnement
et de logement s'élèvent à 615 €. Selon votre per-
sonnalité, plusieurs jobs à pourvoir dans le secteur
tertiaire sont possibles : femme de chambre (niveau
d’anglais de base, après-midis libres), réceptionniste,
serveur, vendeur, employé dans la restauration
rapide… pour des salaires oscillant entre £162 et £260 par semaine.
« Le secteur des services requiert un niveau d’anglais intermédiaire.
Il reste le type de job le plus demandé et pour lequel il y a le plus
d’offres », souligne Bruno Bureau.

➜ Les ados ➜ A Londres, avec cours de langue

Pour les moins de 18 ans, sachez que le centre Easylangues propose Si votre intention est d’étudier et de travailler en même temps,
un programme dénommé « English in action » qui en plus des cours, l’organisme Easylangues se charge de dispenser des cours d’anglais

32 • VOCABLE Du 28 juin au 11 juillet 2018

 Programme ERASMUS +
dans une école internationale accréditée par le British Council. L’éta-
blissement se situe tout près de Camden Market pour les amateurs
de shopping ! Vous débuterez votre séjour par deux à huit semaines
de cours d’anglais à la suite desquelles vous commencerez votre
emploi dans l’hôtellerie-restauration. « Les jobs sont adaptés au
niveau d’anglais de chaque participant et le placement est garanti »,
assure Catherine Van Dale d’Easylangues. Pour deux semaines de
cours dans la capitale londonienne, à raison de 15 leçons par semaine,
suivies d’un job rémunéré pour une durée de 8 semaines à un an, il
faut compter 1200 €.

➜ Bournemouth pour un séjour branché

Si Londres reste la vedette au Royaume-Uni, l’autre destination
DAKAR

phare est la station balnéaire de Bournemouth située dans le Sud

de l’Angleterre. Le principe est similaire. « Les élèves accèdent à un
travail rémunéré en hôtellerie-restauration pour une durée variant
entre 12 semaines et 9 mois dans cette ville très animée. Pendant toute
la durée de leur job, ils sont hébergés en logement étudiant partagé
et bénéficient de quatre cours d’anglais par semaine dans une école
située en centre-ville » précise Catherine Van Dale. Le tout au tarif
de 1600 € pour une période de 12 semaines. Chez Oliver Twist, la
formule « cours + job » à Bournemouth débute à 1050 €.

AU CANADA
Travailler au Canada requiert des démarches administratives parfois

© Agence Erasmus+ France / Education et Formation

WWW.ERASMUSDAYS.EU
contraignantes. « Pour obtenir un permis de travail, il faut d’abord
être en possession d’un permis d’études », rappelle Bruno Bureau,
président d’Oliver Twist. Le PVT, le Permis Vacances-Travail délivré
par les autorités canadiennes et qui donne l'autorisation de travailler
sur une durée de 24 mois, est également soumis à des quotas. Mieux INT146_Advert - Vocable-p4p.pdf 1 09/11/2017 11:06
vaut donc s’adresser aux professionnels ! Pour éviter de mauvaises Cours chez le professeur
surprises, l’organisme Oliver Twist vous garantit un visa de travail
dès votre arrivée au Canada. Le programme diplômant intitulé C

« Diplôme + Job » se déroule dans la ville de Toronto qui compte plus M

de 8 millions d’habitants. Il permet de perfectionner votre anglais, Cours particuliers chez le professeur
d’obtenir un diplôme canadien et de travailler durant la dernière
Y
le meilleur moyen d’apprendre l’anglais
moitié de votre séjour. Attention, partir outre-Atlantique signifie
More than just a language course
CM

également des prix plus élevés qu’en Europe (à partir de 5 600 €). MY

LES USA, L’AUSTRALIE CY

ET LA NOUVELLE-ZÉLANDE CMY

Vous rêvez de vivre une expérience aux Etats-Unis ? « L’obtention

du visa est de plus en plus complexe, cette destination est devenue
quasi impossible », prévient Bruno Bureau, d’Oliver Twist. Mais si Rejoignez la communauté
vous avez soif de grand large, l’Australie et la Nouvelle-Zélande sont
de bonnes alternatives. « L’Australie, c’est à plus de 20h de l’Europe, il
Vocable sur
faut donc se montrer autonome lorsqu’on s’y installe, mais l’avantage,
c’est que le Working Holiday Visa s’obtient en une heure », poursuit-
il. La formule « Job à la ferme » vous plongera dans des paysages
uniques, parfois même sans accès à internet. Les offres de jobs se
déclinent aussi dans d’autres activités comme le « fruitpicking »,
les parcs d’attraction…
RÉSERVATIONS
CONTACTS UTILES PUBLICITAIRES
Easy Langues : www.centre-easylangues.com France - Etranger
Oliver Twist : www.oliver-twist.fr
01 44 37 97 79 - publicite@vocable.fr
Unosel : www.unosel.org

VOCABLE Du 28 juin au 11 juillet 2018 • 33

Les sorties Retrouvez plus de coups de cœur sur www.vocable.fr

sur www.vocable.fr jouez et gagnez...

Des entrées pour des films et des expositions, des CD et des DVD, des romans, des voyages…

SÉRIE
CINÉMA GLOW
De Liz Flahive et Carly Mensch
LOVE, Glow est de retour pour une
SIMON deuxième saison qui s’annonce
tout aussi hilarante que la
De Greg Berlanti
première. Los Angeles, 1980. Ruth,
Simon est un jeune actrice désespérée de
adolescent à la décrocher un rôle à sa mesure, est
vie ordinaire… ou tout aussi malheureuse en amour
presque. Il a un qu’au travail. Lorsqu’elle est
secret, qu’il ne sélectionnée pour faire partie d’un
peut révéler à ses show télévisé sur le catch féminin,
amis et à sa elle intègre une troupe de bras
famille : il aime cassés qui apprend à catcher avec
les garçons. un coach/réalisateur pour le moins
Lorsqu’il tombe maussade. Crêpages de chignon et
sur un message CINÉMA costumes fantaisistes sont de
posté rigueur ! Cette série portée par la
anonymement TULLY sublime Alison Brie (Mad Men,
De Jason Reitman BoJack Horseman) met en scène
par un élève de
Marlo, la quarantaine, élève deux des anti-héroïnes
son lycée se
jeunes enfants et attend le extraordinairement attachantes
trouvant dans la troisième. L’accouchement arrive
même situation, qui ne manquent pas de punch.
comme un cataclysme, la famille
les deux adolescents commencent à communiquer en ligne, et est au bord de l’implosion et Marlo A voir sur Netflix à partir du 29 juin.
leur relation prend une tournure inattendue. Porté par un épuisée. Cette dernière décide donc
casting éblouissant, cette comédie romantique aux faux airs de à faire appel à une nounou de nuit.
thriller sonne juste. Les dialogues, écrits avec beaucoup de C’est ainsi que la fantaisiste Tully,
finesse, sont parfois bouleversants, souvent drôles à souhait. sorte de Mary Poppins des temps
Un véritable feel good movie. modernes, débarque dans le foyer,
Avec Nick Robinson, Katherine Langford et Jennifer Garner. et bouleverse le quotidien de la
En salles le 27 juin. petite famille… pour le meilleur ou
pour le pire ! Jason Reitman et
Diablo Cody, les créateurs de Juno
et Young Adult, signent ici une
comédie dramatique très réussie
qui montre la maternité sous un
EXPOSITION angle inattendu, résolument
LE RÊVE AMÉRICAIN : DU POP ART À NOS JOURS moderne et authentique.
La fondation Custodia Avec Charlize Theron.
expose actuellement En salles le 27 juin.
une centaine
d’estampes réalisées Des places à gagner !
par quelques-uns des sur www.vocable.fr
plus grands noms de
l’art américain tels
Andy Warhol et Roy TELEVISION
Lichtenstein. Issues des SILICON VALLEY -
collections du British EMPIRE DU FUTUR
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l’explosion de l’image dans la vie quotidienne, certains peintres pendant un an au cœur de
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utilisées pour les publicités. Détournant l’un des plus forts symboles du réaliser ce fascinant
rêve américain, ils redécouvrent l’estampe et exploitent son potentiel documentaire explorant la question du pouvoir technologique à travers
artistique. (Par Servane de Pastre, stagiaire Vocable) l’essor des outils numériques. Google, Facebook, Amazon & Cie n’ont qu’à
Fondation Custodia, 121, rue de Lille, 75007 Paris. bien se tenir !
Du 2 juin au 2 septembre 2018. A voir sur Arte, le 3 juillet à 22h40.

34 • VOCABLE Du 28 juin au 11 juillet 2018

 le
dessin
I Décryptage I ETATS-UNIS

PRESIDENTIAL PARDONS
In this picture, an elephant, representing the Republican Party, is delighted by the number of jobs created by
the American president Donald Trump, while a donkey, emblem of the Democratic Party, says sarcastically
that this number could actually amount to presidential pardons. This is a reference to the May employment
report, which showed that 223,000 new jobs were added in the United States that month, making the
unemployment rate fall to 3.8 percent — an 18-year record. It also refers to the numerous pardons that Donald
Trump has issued since he was elected, which has raised questions about his use of the presidential pardon
power. The American president also tweeted that he has the “absolute right” to pardon himself in the Russia
investigation led by Robert Mueller (adding that this wouldn’t be necessary because he had done nothing
wrong). Experts and law scholars are divided on the statement, some saying that nothing in the Constitution
prevents him from pardoning himself, others declaring that a president can’t do that, under the principle that
“no one may be a judge in his own case”...
pardon official decision not to punish sb for a crime / delighted extremely happy, enchanted / while whereas (at the same time) / donkey a domesticated ass, animal of the horse
family / actually in fact, in reality / to amount to to represent / to add to create / rate here, percentage / numerous many / to issue to deliver, grant / to raise to bring up / to tweet
to send a message via Twitter / to lead, led, led to run, direct, control / scholar expert, specialist / statement declaration, announcement / to prevent to stop.

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VOCABLE Du 28 juin au 11 juillet 2018 • 35

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