Davao Medical School Foundation, Inc.

NMD Batch 2020

Biochemistry – Special Senses Recalls Compilation

1. Hydrolization of cGMP will produce 2. b. Unlike Na channels that generates action potentials in
1. Opening of cGMP gated channels excitable cells, TASTE CHANNEL insensitive to voltage & stays open
2. Closure of cGMP gated channels at rest
3. Entry of Na in photoreceptive cytoplasm 3. In a mouthful of food(Analogous to behavior of a neuron during
4. d. A & C the upstroke of an action potential)
5. A&B 4. Na+ sensitive taste cells depolarize by increasing the Na+
2. Ca in the dark causes gradient at a fixed Na+ permeability.
1. Closure of cGMP gated channels 14. Sourness is evoked by protons (H+ ions).Acidity affects taste receptors in
2. Decrease cGMP 1. H+ can permeate the ENaC Na+ channel, the same channel that
3. Inhibit guanylylcyclase mediates the taste of salt.
4. d. A,B AND C 2. H+ influx is an inward current & could depolarize the cell.
5. B AND C ONLY 3. H+ ions can bind to & block a Na selective channel.
3. Ca in the presence of light 4. d. A and b are correct
1. a. Relieves inhibition of guanylycyclase 5. A and c are correct
2. Stimulation phosphodiesterase 15. Sweetness is increased when molecules bind to specific receptors sites on the
3. Decrease cGMP in photoreceptor cytoplasm receptor of 2nd messengers. The mechanisms are as follows EXCEPT
4. Closure of cGMP gated channel 1. a. A tastant binds to the receptor, activates G-protein called
Gustducin leads to the formation of cAMP
4. Phosphorylates light activated rhodopsin
2. Sweet stimuli can activate 2nd messenger pathway that involves
1. Arrestin
IP3
2. b. Rhodopsin kinase
3. Ultimately blocks a K+ selective channel.
3. Opsin
4. Sugars may also directly open cation channels without 2nd
4. Transducin
messengers
5. Terminates the light activated state of rhodopsin
16. Bitterness warns of poison. Poisons are so chemically diverse, several (…)
1. a. arrestin transduction of bitterness. Identify which of the following is NOT (…)
2. rhodopsin kinase
1. Bitter compounds bind directly to K+ selective channels and block
3. opsin (…)
4. transducing 2. There are 2 types of membrane receptor proteins specific for
6. in the dark adaption bitterness (…) G protein mediated by second messenger cascades
1. initial phase lasts for 10 min. 3. Bitter tastant binds to a member of the T2R class of receptors
2. second phase last for 30 min 4. Bitter receptors triggers decreased production of intracellular (…)
3. initial phase is a property of cones 17. What is the channel involved in the depolarization of umami taste?
4. second phase is a property of rods 1. Na+ selective channel
5. e. all of the above 2. Gustducin
7. index of refraction 3. K+ Selective Channel
1. air - 1.0003 4. Cation Channel
2. cornea – 1.376 18. One of the cell types of olfactory epithelium where the site of transduction
3. aquaeoushumor – 1.336 (…)
4. lens – 1.386 1. Support Cells
5. vitreous humor – 1.336 2. Olfactory Receptor Cells
6. f. all of the above 3. Basal Cells
8. Refraction as well as focal properties depends on 4. Hair Cells
1. difference in refractive index in two adjoining media 19. One of the cell type of olfactory epithelium where they help produce (…)
2. radius of curvature 1. Support Cells
3. c. a&b 2. Olfactory Receptor Cells
4. brain interpretation 3. Basal Cells
5. a, b, c & d 4. Hair Cells
9. errors in refraction
1. myopia Topic 3: Glycoproteins
2. presbyopia 1. Most frequently post transcriptional modification of proteins; enzymatic
3. astigmatism attachment of sugar:
4. hyperopia
a. Glycation
5. e. all of the above
b. Glycosylation
10. which one is correct?
2. Principal sugars found in glycoproteins, except:
1. Presbyopia – farsightedness – eyes too short
2. Astigmatism – diffuse focus – convex lens a. Galactose
3. c. Presbyopia – hardening of lens – age related – convex lens b. Glucose
4. Astigmatism –even cornea – biconcave lens c. Mannose
5. Myopia – eyes too short – concave lendes d. Xylose
11. In the generation & transmission of visual msg. e. N-acetylneuraminic acid
1. a. Light stimulates photreceptors f. None of the above
2. Nerve fiber layers stimulates the direct light 3. First nucleotide sugar reported:
3. Light sensitive pigment located on photoreceptors does change a. UDP Gal
shape
b. UDP Glc
4. All of the above
4. Nucleotide sugar synthesis occur in:
12. Hyperpolarization
a. Cytosol
1. Essential step in relaying the visual signal
2. Increases cGMP in photoreceptor cytoplasm b. Mitochondria
3. Directly modulate the rate of transmitter release from 5. Enzymes involve in nucleotide synthesis except:
photoreceptor on to post synaptic neurons a. Carboxylase c. epimerase
4. d. A&C b. Phosphorylase
5. All of the above 6. Glycosylation occurs within the lumen of:
13. The following are the summary of the transduction process for salt except a. ER
1. Salt sensitive taste cells have Na selective channel called ENAc b. Golgi apparatus

1
 Davao Medical School Foundation, Inc.
NMD Batch 2020
Biochemistry – Special Senses Recalls Compilation

7. Influx of 1 molecule of nucleotide sugar is balanced by the efflux of 1 molecule 27. Causes CDG 2a; encode GlcNac tranferase 2; involved in processing N glycan
of the corresponding nucleotide: chain:
a. O glycosidic linkages a. Type 2 mutation
b. Antiport system b. Type 1 mutation
8. Involves –OH of serine or threonine and GalNac: 28. Abnormalities in enzymes mannosidase 2 involved in biosynthesis of N
a. N linked glycans:
b. O linked a. HEMPAS
9. Involves the amide nitrogen of asparagines and Glc-Nac: b. CDG
a. N linked 29. Mutations in phosphatidylinositol glycan class A gene of certain hematopoietic
b. O linked cells:
10. Linked to the –COOH terminal amino acid of a CHON via a phosphoryl a. HEMPAS
ethanolamine moiety joined to an oligosaccharide which in turn is linked via b. Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria
glucosamine to phosphatidylinositol: 30. Mutations affecting a Golgi located GDP fucose transporter; decreased
a. O Linked neutrophil rolling:
b. GPI linked a. Influenza A virus
11. GalNac Ser(Thr): b. Leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 2
a. Proteoglycans 31. HIV attaches to cells via:
b. Mucin a. Gp 41
12. Gal hydroxylysine: b. Gp 120
a. Collagen Topic 4: Hormone Action and Signal Transduction
b. Mucin By: Dr. Ea Guiani
13. Membrane bound; may mask certain surface antigen: 1. These substances released by the body transducer signals affecting homeostatic
a. Proteoglycan mechanisms.
b. Mucin a. stimulus b. hormones
c. receptors d. metabolites
14. Most readily accessible glycoprotein; membrane bound and circulating:
2. Which of the following is an incorrect pairing:
a. O linked
a. Group II hormones: peptides
b. N linked
b. Group II hormones: cytokines, interleukins, growth factors
15. Major classes of N linked except: c. Group I hormones: extracellular receptors
a. Compound c. Hybrid d. Group I hormones: intracellular receptors
b. Complex d. High mannose 3. This is the first step in the adaptive response.
16. Contain terminal NeuAc residues; underlying N acetyllactosamine: a. activation b. replication
a. Hybrid c. transduction d. recognition
b. Complex 4. The following are characteristics of Group I hormones except:
a. lipophilic
17. Polyisoprenol of eukaryotes; largest occurring hydrocarbon made up of a b. lipophobic
single repeating unit; 17 – 20 repeating units: c. intracellular receptors
d. cytoplasmic or nuclear receptors
a. Oligosaccharide chain
5. Activated receptor moves into the nucleus and binds with high affinity to a specific DNA
b. Dolichol
sequence called:
18. Last 7 sugars, donated by: a. ligand-receptor
a. Nucleotide sugars b. heat shock protein receptor
b. Dol P sugars c. hormone response element
19. Formation of N glycosidic bond is catalyzed by oligosaccharide: d. nuclear envelope
a. Protein kinase 6. Hormones that diffuse from the extracellular fluid across the plasma membrane and go
b. Protein transferase directly into the nucleus.
20. Site of assembly of Dol P P oligosaccharide; addition of oligosaccharides to a. thyroid hormone b. retinoids
CHON; removal of Glc and some Man residues: c. glucocorticoids d. both a & b
7. Hormonal involvement in response to stimulus:
a. Golgi
a. recognition – signal generation – hormone release - effects
b. ER
b. signal generation – hormone release – recognition – effects
21. Inhibits GlcNac P transferase:
c. effects – hormone release – signal generation – recognition
a. Swainsonine d. recognition – hormone release – signal generation – effects
b. Tunicamycin 8. Which group of hormones have membrane receptors and uses intracellular
22. Inhibits glucosidase I and II: messengers?
a. Tunicamycin a. group I b. group II
b. Doexynojirimycin c. group III d. group IV
23. Enzyme contained in sperm which interact with ZP3 to initiate acrosomal 9. Effects of second messengers except:
reaction: a. gene transcription
a. Galactosyl transferase b. transporters and channels
c. protein translocation and modification
b. Galactosyl epimerase
d. no exception
24. Glycoprotein seen in sperm tha facilitate binding of sperm and oocyte:
10. These receptors typically has 7 hydrophobic plasma membrane spanning domains
a. PH30 signaling through guanine nucleotide-bound protein intermediates.
b. ZP3 a. GRCPs b. GPCRs
25. Glycoproteins that participate in intercellular adhesion: c. GRPCs d. GCPRs
a. selectins 11. Which is incorrect:
b. transferrin a. alpha subunits bind guanine nucleotide
26. Causes CDG 1a; involved in Dol P P oligosaccharide synthesis; treated with oral b. beta and gamma subunits are always associated and function as heterodimer
mannose: c. regulatory complex: Gs and Gi
a. type 1 mutations (ohosphomannomutase2) d. none of the above
b. Type 2 mutations

2
 Davao Medical School Foundation, Inc.
NMD Batch 2020
Biochemistry – Special Senses Recalls Compilation

12. First intracellular signal identified in mammalian species and is usually the intracellular 30. Which of the following inhibits adenylyl cyclase?
signal or second messenger for many responses. a. phosphodiesterases b. Gq
a. GTP b. adenylyl cyclase c. cAMP d. Gi
c.GDP d. cAMP e. cholera toxin
13. In prokaryotes, cAMP binds to a catabolite regulatory protein that binds directly to
DNA and influences gene expression. While in eukaryotes, cAMP binds to: Topic 27: Sensory System
a. PKA b. heterotetrameric PKA Matching Type:
c. both a & b d. none of the above ___ 1. Olfaction (C)
14. In this reaction: 4cAMP + R2C2 === R2 (4cAMP) + 2C, which has no enzymatic
___ 2. Touch (A)
activity?
___ 3. Taste: Sweet (D)
a. R2 (4cAMP) b. R2C2 complex
c. 2C d. 4cAMP ___ 4. Vision (G)
15. Active C subunit catalyzes the transfer of the gamma phosphate of ATP to a serine or ___ 5. Hearing (F)
threonine residue in a variety of proteins. The consensus phosphorylation sites are: ___ 6. Taste: Bitter (D)
a. arg/lys-X-ser/thr ___ 7. Taste: Salty (A)
b. arg-lys-X-X-ser ___ 8. Taste: Sour (A)
c. both a& b
___ 9. Taste: Umami (E)
d. none of the above
16. Hormones that inhibit adenylyl cyclase except: ___ 10. Pain (B)
a. Ach b. alpha2-adrenergics
c. ANG II d. GHIRH e. none of the above A. Amiloride-Sensitive Sodium Channel  Membrane depolarization  Nerve
17. Does not stimulate adenylyl cyclase: Impulse
a. ACTH b. calcitonin B. Vanilloid Receptor (VR1)  Membrane depolarization  Nerve Impulse
c. glucagon d. Insulin C. 7TM Receptors  G protein  cAMP  Ion channel opening  Nerve
18. A hydrolytic enzyme that ensure rapid turnover of the signal (cAMP) and hence a rapid
Impulse
termination of the biologic process once stimulus is removed
D. 7TM Receptors  Gustducin  Activation of PLC  DAG, IP3  Calcium
a. phosphoprotein b. phosphodiesterases
c. PKA d. cAMP Channels Open  Increase Calcium inside cell  Action Potential  Nerve
19. Inhibitors of phosphodiesterases: Impulse
a. methylated xanthine derivatives E. Modified Brain Receptor for Glutamate (mGlur4)
b. caffeins F. Stereocilia  Cation channels  Current flow  Nerve Impulse
c. hydrolytic enzymes G. 7TM Receptors  G protein  cGMP  Phosphodiesterase
d. both a & b
20. An intracellular signal that is soluble and membrane-bound which causes ANP to
11. There are five primary senses of taste, the following are classified into a group
mediate its natriuretic, diuretic, vasodilatory and aldosterone-inhibition effects:
known as potentially nutritive, except:
a. cAMP b. GTP
a. Sweet c. Umami
c. IP3 d. cGMP
b. Salty d. Bitter
21. These compounds cause smooth muscle relaxation and are potent vasodilators except:
c. Umami e. None of the Above
a. nitroprusside and nitroglycerine
b. nitric oxide
12. There are five primary senses of taste, the following are classified into a group
c. sodium nitrate and sodium azide
known as potentially harmful, except:
d. no exception
a. Sweet
22. Actions of ionized calcium except:
b. Salty
a. muscle contraction
c. Sour
b. blood clotting cascade
d. Bitter
c. membrane excitability
e. Both A&B
d. intracellular messenger of hormone action
e. no exception
13. Receptors/Channels for sour taste are sensitive to:
23. Ways to increase intracellular calcium levels:
a. Sodium Ion
a. hormones bind to calcium channel receptors to increase calcium influx
b. Hydrogen Ion
b. hormones directly promote calcium influx by modulation membrane potential at the
c. Glutamate
plasma membrane resulting to membrane depolarization
d. Alkaloids
c. calcium can be mobilized from ER and mitochondria
e. Aspartame
d. all of the above
24. A calcium-dependent regulatory protein that is homologous to the muscle protein
14. Receptors/Channels for salty taste are sensitive to:
Troponin C in structure and function:
a. Sodium Ion
a. calcitonin b. poten-cee
b. Hydrogen Ion
c. Calmodulin d. Troponin T
c. Glutamate
25. Answer in #24 regulates the following:
d. Alkaloids
a. cell motility b. mitosis c. endocytosis
e. Aspartame
d. granule release e. all of the above
26. Catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-iphosphate to IP3 and DAG.
15. Receptors/Channels for bitter taste are sensitive to:
a. PKA b. PLA2 c. PLC d. PKC
a. Sodium Ion
27. Hormones having intrinsic protein tyrosine kinase activities located in their
b. Hydrogen Ion
cytoplasmic domains except:
c. Glutamate
a. insulin b. IGF-1 c. EGF d. TSH
d. Alkaloids
28. Therapeutically useful agents for the treatment of a variety of inflammatory and
e. Aspartame
immune diseases
a. aldosterone b. 17 alpha-hydroxylase
c. Glucocorticoids d. Eicosanoids 16. Receptors/Channels for sweet taste are sensitive to:
a. Sodium Ion
29. Which of the following dimerizes upon phosphorylation by tyrosine kinase and then
translocates to the nucleus and directly activates the expression of particular genes? b. Hydrogen Ion
a. erb b. STATs c. Glutamate
c. Ras d. steroid hormone receptor d. Alkaloids
e. Aspartame

3
 Davao Medical School Foundation, Inc.
NMD Batch 2020
Biochemistry – Special Senses Recalls Compilation

17. Receptors/Channels for umami taste are sensitive to:

a. Sodium Ion
b. Hydrogen Ion
c. Glutamate
d. Alkaloids
e. Aspartame

True or False?
18. In Olfaction, there is greater specificity because each neuron has a single
Olfactory Receptor gene and converge to a specific site in the brain for a
specific perception of different odorants.
a. True
b. False
19. In taste perception, the identity of the tastant is not lost.
a. True
b. False
20. In taste perception, each neuron has many bitter receptor gene.
a. True
b. False

21. Sweet receptors belong to the 7TM receptor superfamily

a. True
b. False
22. Amiloride mutes taste of Salt
a. True
b. False
23. Other than Carbohydrates, Sweet receptors are sensitive to Ketones
a. True
b. False
24. In addition, Sweet receptors are sensitive to Saccharin and Aspartame
a. True
b. False
25. The binding of hydrogen ions blocks Potassium channels, activating other
types of channels, changing membrane polarization in the sensory nerve
which produces sour taste
a. True
b. False

26. Cones are sensitive to bright light

a. True
b. False
27. Rods are also responsive to bright light
a. True
b. False
28. Cones are for color vision
a. True
b. False
29. Rods do not perceive color
a. True
b. False
30. Rhodopsin Kinase catalyzes phosphorylation of carboxyl terminus of MR2 at
Serine/Threonine residues
a. True
b. False