May-June 2014 Examination paper

Question
 1 
1 2 0
a)(i)
0 1 1
(ii) x = −2y ∴ x = −2

b)
 
1 1 −1 4
2 1 3 0
0 1 −5 8
−2R1 + R2 → R2
 
1 1 −1 4
0 −1 5 −8
0 1 −5 8
−R2 → R2
 
1 1 −1 4
0 1 −5 8
0 1 −5 8
−R2 + R3 → R3
 
1 1 −1 4
0 1 −5 8
0 0 0 0

1
 Question
1.
c)     
1 −2 2 1 2 −4 1 0 0
i) AB = 2 1 1 −1 −1 3 = 0
     1 0 = I3
1 0 1 −1 −2 5 0 0 1
    
1 2 −4 1 −2 2 1 0 0
BA = −1 −1 3  2 1 1 = 0 1 0  = I3
−1 −2 5 1 0 1 0 0 1
∴ B = A−1

ii) AX = Y

A−1 (AX) = A−1 Y

IX = A−1 Y

X = A−1
    
1 2 −4 3 11
X = −1 −1 3   0  =  −9  ∴ x1 = 11, x2 = −9, x3 = −13
−1 −2 5 −2 −13

1
 Question
1 d)
Since C is an inverse of B,

we have
CB = I.

Multiplying both sides on the right by D gives

(CB)D = ID = D.

But we also have by the associative property, that

(CB)D = C(BD) = CI = C

since D is an inverse and so we get that C = D

1
 Question 1
e)
Let T be a m × n matrix

T = −T

⇐⇒ T + (T ) = −T + (T )

⇐⇒ T + T = 0 ( 0 is the zero m × n matrix)

⇐⇒ 2T = 0
 
1
⇐⇒ T = 0
2
⇐⇒ T = 0

1
Question 2
a) Finding the determinant using co-factor method by expanding along the
second row

det(F )
 
8 1 2 
 
= 3 0 9 
1 2 −1
     
1 2  8 2  8 1
= −3  +0
1 −1 − 9 1 2
  
2 −1
       
1 2  8 2  8 1
= 3 −   + 0   − 3 
2 −1 1 −1 1 2
= 3 det(E)

Since matrix F results when the second row of E is multiplied by scalar

3, then det(F ) = 3 det(E)

1
 2.b)

i)det(G) = 4 − 6 = −2

det(H) = 4 + 1 = 5

    
1 2 2 −1 4 3
GH = =
3 4 1 2 10 5

det(GH) = 20 − 30 = −10

∴ det(GH) = −10 = (−2)(5) = det(G) det(H)

    
2 −1 1 2 −1 0
ii) HG = =
1 2 3 4 7 10
det(HG) = −10

∴ det(GH) = −10 = det(HG)

1
 Question 2

c) If J, K are n × n matrices then JJ −1 = I and KK −1 = I.

Then det(J) det(J −1 ) = 1

and det(K) det(K −1 ) = 1

Thus det(J −1 K −1 JK)

= det(J −1 ) det(K −1 ) det(J) det(K)

1 1
= det(J) det(K)
det(J) det(K)

=1

1
 2.d)
 
λ − 1 −4
det =0
0 λ−4
(λ − 1)(λ − 4) = 0

∴ λ = 1 or λ = 4

1
 Question 2

e)
Let  
−2 3 −1
A= 1 2 −1
−2 −1 1
     
 2 −1  1 −1 1 2 
det(A) = −2  − 3 − 1 
−1 1  −2 1  −2 −1
= −2(1) − 3(−1) − 1(3) = −2
 
1 3 −1
A1 =  4 2 −1
−3 −1 1
     
 2 −1  4 −1 4 2 
det(A1 ) = 1 
  − 3
  − 1

−1 1  −3 1  −3 −1
= 1(1) − 3(1) − 1(2) = −4

det(A1 ) −4
x1 = = =2
det(A) −2

 
−2 1 −1
A2 =  1 4 −1
−2 −3 1
     
 4 −1  1 −1 1 4 
det(A2 ) = −2 
  − 1
  −1

−3 1  −2 1  −2 −3
= −2(1) − 1(−1) − 1(5) = −6

det(A2 ) −6
x2 = = =3
det(A) −2

 
−2 3 1
A3 =  1 2 4
−2 −1 −3
     
2 4  1 4  1 2 
det(A3 ) = −2 
 − 3
 +1

−1 −3 −2 −3 −2 −1

1
= −2(−2) − 3(5) + 1(3) = −8

det(A3 ) −8
x3 = = =4
det(A) −2

2
 Question 3
a) i)
u · a = 4.2 + (−1)(−1) + 3.2 = 8 + 1 + 6 = 15

ii)  
 i j k
 
u × a = 2 −1 3 = i + 8j + 2k
4 −1 2

iii) p √
kuk = 22 + (−1)2 + 32 = 14

p √
kak = 42 + (−1)2 + 22 = 21

iv)
Vector projection of u in the direction of a
u·a 15
= 2 a = (4, −1, 2)
kak 21

Vector projection of u perpendicular to a

u·a 15
=u− 2 a = (2, −1, 3) − (4, −1, 2)
kak 21
v) The vector u × a is perpendicular to both u and a

u × a = i + 8j + 2k

1
Question 3
b (i)

Find a point in plane 2x − 3y + 6z = 1

Let z = 0 and y = 1 then

2x − 3y = 1

∴x=2

(2, 1, 0) is a point on the plane 2x − 3y + 6z = 1

Form a vector from this point A(2, 1, 0) to point B(1, −4, −3)

Let
v = (1, −4, −3) − (2, 1, 0) = (−1, −5, −3)

The normal vector of plane 2x − 3y + 6z = 1 is :

n = (2, −3, 6)

The distance between the plane and point is:

Distance

= ||v| cos θ|
 
 v · n 
= |v| 
|v| |n| 
|v · n|
=
|n|
|(−1, −5, −3) · (2, −3, 6)|
= √
22 + 32 + 62
|−5| 5
=√ =
49 7
Alternate solution Use the formula

1
 Question 3

ii) Let u = P1 P2 = (−1, −1, 1) − (−2, 1, 3) = (1, −2, −2)

v = P1 P3 = (3, 0, 2) − (−2, 1, 3) = (5, −1, −1)

The normal vector

 of plane:

i j k 

n = u × v = 1 −2 −2 = −9j + 9k
5 −1 −1

Equation of plane containing all points is given by:

Let (x, y, z) be any point in the plane then

(0, −9, 9) · (x + 2, y − 1, z − 3) = 0

−9(y − 1) + 9(z − 3) = 0

y−z+2 =0

1
 Question 4

a)
cos 3θ

= Re (cos 3θ + i sin 3θ)

= Re (cos θ + i sin θ)3

3 3 3 3
cos θ(i)2 sin2 θ + (i)3 sin3 θ






= Re 0
cos3 θ + 1
cos2 θ(i) sin θ + 2 3


= Re cos3 θ + 3 cos2 θ(i) sin θ + 3 cos θ(i)2 sin2 θ + (i)3 sin3 θ


= Re cos3 θ + 3 cos2 θ(i) sin θ − 3 cos θ sin2 θ − i sin3 θ

= cos3 θ − 3 cos θ sin2 θ

1
 Question 4
b)
Let z 4 = −16

Then this equation in Polar form is given by :

if z = r(cos θ + i sin θ) we get

r 4 (cos θ + i sin θ)4 = 16(cos π + i sin π)

Using De Moivre’s Theorem we get

r 4 (cos 4θ + i sin 4θ) = 16(cos π + i sin π)

r 4 = 16 and cos 4θ = cos(π); sin 4θ = sin(π)

∴ r = 161/4 = 2

4θ = π + 2πk for k ∈ Z
π kπ
∴θ= +
4 2
Thus the
 roots
 are given
 by:  
π kπ π kπ
zk = 2 cos + + i sin +
4 2 4 2
For distinct roots k = 0, 1, 2, 3
 
 π   π  1 1
z0 = 2 cos + i sin = 2 √ + i√
4 4 2 2
 
 π π   π π  1 1
z1 = 2 cos + + i sin + = 2 −√ + i√
4 2 4 2 2 2
 
 π  π  1 1
z2 = 2 cos + π + i sin +π = 2 −√ − i√
4 4 2 2
      
π 3π π 3π 1 1
z3 = 2 cos + + i sin + = 2 √ − i√
4 2 4 2 2 2

1
 Question 4
c) √
z1 = 1 + i 3

Represent in polar form:

√
|z1 | = 12 + 3 = 2

√ !
|z1 | √ 1 3
z1 = (1 + i 3) = 2 +i
|z1 | 2 2

√
1 3
cos θ = and sin θ =
2 2

sin θ √
∴ tan θ = = 3
cos θ

π
θ=
3
 π π
Polar form: z1 = 2 cos + i sin
3 3

√
z2 = 3+i

Represent in polar form:

√
|z2 | = 12 + 3 = 2

√ !
|z2 | √ 3 1
z2 = ( 3 + i) = 2 +i
|z2 | 2 2

√
3 1
cos θ = and sin θ =
2 2

1
 sin θ 1
∴ tan θ = =√
cos θ 3

π
θ=
6
 π π
Polar form: z2 = 2 cos + i sin
6 6

z1 z2 
π π  π π
= 2 cos + i sin .2 cos + i sin
 3 π π 3  π 6 π  6
2
= 2 cos + + sin +
3 6  3 6
 π π
= 4 cos + i sin
2 2

z1
z2 
π π
2 cos + i sin
=  3 3
π π
2 cos + i sin
π 6 π  6 π π 
= cos − + i sin −
3 6
π π  3 6
= cos + i sin
6 6