AV EERUI IO | STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS AND CODE OF PRACTICE FOR ROAD BRIDGES SECTION VI COMPOSITE CONSTRUCTION (First Revision) THE INDIAN ROADS CONGRESS 1986IRC : 221986 MEMBERS OF THE BRIDGES COMMITTEE, LS. Bassi (Convenor) S.P. Chakrabarti (Member-Seeretary) CR. Allmehandani Dr. AS. Arya ‘A. Banerice PLC. Bhasin MAK. Bhagwagar D.N. Bhobe PLL. Bongirwar Brijendra Singh 8.8. Chakrabarti BI. Dave TAB, Dia M.B. Gharpuray PS, Gokhale Achyut Ghosh, D.T. Grover N. Gopalan, RS. Jindal * VP. Kamdar CV, Kand SIN-Kaul LN, Kumar AK. Lal Kartik Prasad CB, Mathur NV. Merani PA. Naik LN: Reddy Dr. P-Ray Chaudhuri V, Sankara Iyer Adal, Direcior General (ridges), Miaisry of ‘Transport, Department of Suiace Hansport Chief Englacer (Bridge), Minitry of ‘Transport, Department of Suriace Peansport Chairman and Managing Director, Stup ‘Consul- tants Ltd., Bombay 7 Prof, Department of Earthquake Engineeting, University of Roorkee a oe Chief Engincer (Retd), P.W.D. West Bengal Adviser” (Technica), Hooghly River Bria Gommiaioness, aici 2° _ GoasitingEapincer, Engincering Consultants Private Lt, New Deh oe ‘Consulting Eauineer, Fiat No. 3, 203—A, Ta. Katoa Marg, Manito Bombay Superintending Engineer, P.W, Cirle, Chandra Dut (Maharastra) Mansging Diresoe, U.P. State Bridge Corpn. Lid. Consulting Engineering Services (India) Pri. Lid, Sew pent nee Superintending Engineer (Designs), Designs (R&B) Gitte, Ganditoagar (Guay oe (Ghiet Engineer, The Concrete Astocation of ladia, Bombay 838, Saivai Nagar, Poona-411 008 Chiet Executives The Freyssact Prestressed Conc- Sete Company Lid Bowtbay ‘Metal Eogncerng Treatment Co.,Caicuita Chief Engineer (Ret), Ministry of Trans Director, Standards (Chi), R.D.S.0., Ministry of ‘Trampot, Departineat of Ralivays Luckuow Chief Engineer, Delhi Development Auttority Special Seeeiay 1 the Govt. of Gujarat, Roads & Buildings Department Chet Engineer (Design), MP. P.W.D. Ghiet Engincer (Reta), Project Organisation J & K, Stinger Director of Materials, Calcutta Metropolitan Development Authority Dy. Chief Engineer, Bihar State Bridge Corpra, ‘Technical Adviser, Usha Martin Industries, Ranchi Director (Engg), Jaipur Development Authority ‘Secretary 10 the Govt. of Maharashtra (I) P.W.D. Chief Technical Consultant, Gileon Projects Services Ltd., Bombay LIN. Reddy. Consultants Pvt. Lid,, Hyderabad Deputy Director & Area Coordinator, Central Road Research Institute Chief Engineer, (National Highways), P.W.D. ‘Trivandrum KV/LRc 110 IRC : 221986 STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS AND CODE OF PRACTICE FOR ROAD BRIDGES SECTION VI COMPOSITE CONSTRUCTION (First Revision) Published by THE INDIAN ROADS CONGRESS ‘Jamnagar House, Shabjahan Road, ‘New Delhi-110 011 1986 Bie Price BS 20 (Plus packing & postage)IRC :22- 1986 First published : October, 1966 Reprinted : March, 1971 Reprinted : February, 1974 Reprinted : November, 1977 (Incorporates Amendment No. 1, February, 1977) jon : October, 1986 First Re (Rights of Publication and of Translation are Reserved) Printed at PRINTAID, New Delhi-110 020 Clause No. 600 601 602 603 604 605 606 607 608 609 610 On 612 613 614 CONTENTS SECTION VI Composite Construction Introduction General Terminology Properties of Materials General Structural Requirement Determination of Composite Section Differential Shrinkage Design Assumptions for Composite Structures Method of Design Design of Composite Section with Steel Beam and R.C. Slab Design of Composite Section with R.C. Girder and R.C. Slab Design of Composite Section with P. Girder and R.C. or P.S.C, Slab Special Cor Elements Detailing Materials and Workmanship Maintenance jerations for Structural IRC : 22-1985 Page No. 10 10 u 1s 28 29 32IRC: 22-1986 COMPOSITE CONSTRUCTION INTRODUCTION ‘The object of the Standard Specifications and Codes of Practice published by the Indian Roads Congeress is to establish common procedure for the design and construction of road bridges in India. ‘This publication is meant to serve as a_guide for engineers, engaged in the design and/or construction of ‘road bridges. The provisions herein shall be used with discretion and care shall be taken to ensure that the stability and soundness of the structures designed andfor constructed as per these provisions are satisfactory. The design and construction of road bridges require an extensive and thorough knowledge of the science and technique involved and should be entrusted only to specially qualified engineers with adequate practical experience in bridge engineering and capable of ensuring careful execution of work. ‘The Bridges Committee in their meeting held at New Delhi on the 16th & [7th September, 1975 constituted a Subcommittee (personnel given below) to revise IRC: 22-1966 ‘Standard Specifications and Code of Practice for Road Bridges—Section VI (Composite Construction)’. Anmitava Banerjee Convenor KS. Rakshit ‘Member-Secretary Dr. NS. Bahl G. Venkatesutu P.C. Bhasin A Rep. of Gammon India Led Dr. P. Ray Chaudhuri Rep. of Mis Stup (Consultants) Gouranga Ganguly (M.C. Tandon) A. Ghosal Rep. of R.D.S.O. (Satya Bhushan) S.K. Ghosh Rep. of 1.1. (G. Raman) PLY. Naik Rep. of GBR. U-T. Khemeni (RV, Ramamurthy) Di. K. Sreenivase Rao Rep. of SERC, Roorkee Dr. V.K. Raina (DS. Prakash Rao) KB. Sarkar ‘The President, Indian Roads Congress (K. Tong Pang Ao) -Ex-ofcio the Director’ General (Road Development) and Add. Secretary to the Govt. of India (K.K. Sarin) -Exofielo ‘The Secretary, Indian Roads Congress (Ninan Koshi) “Exoffelo 1IRC: 22-1986 The Subcommittee held fourteen meetings on 16th and 17th July, 8th December, 1976, 12th and 13th May, 29th and 30th Sep- tember, 1977, 13th and 14th Marehy 16th and 1ith July, 26th and 27th December, 1978, 6th and 7th July 1979, 9th and Ith April, 24th and 25th November, 1980, 20th and 21st August 1981, 26th August, 6th to 8th December, 1982 and 2nd and 3rd March, 1983. The Bridge Code Section VI as revised by the Subcommittee was considered and finalised by the Bridges Committee in their meeting held at New Delhi on the 20th August, 1985, This Standard Specifications and Code of Practice for Road Bridges Section VI (Composite Construction) has been thoroughly revised to cope the modern technological developments which have taken place in this field of engineering in various countries of the world. Later on the draft document was approved by the Executive Committee through circulation in January, 1986 and was placed before the Council in their 115th meeting held at Bhopal on the Ist February, 1986. The Council while approving the revised draft (First Revision) for being published by the Indian Roads Congress, authorised the Convenor of the Bridges Committee to make any changes which may be considered necessary in light of the com- ments offered by the members. As directed by the Council, the draft was reviewed by the Convenor of the Bridges Committee, and editorial corrections where considered necessary were incorporated in the text. 600, GENERAL 600.1. Seope This code will apply to simply. supported bridges of co: posite construction, Where appropriate, the requirements of this specification may be applied to other types of bridges with amend- ments, as necessary. This code is applicable to Box-Girders only when special considerations based on available information have to be made. 600.2. Types Bridges of composite section covered by this code include the following types : ) Reinforced concrete or prestressed concrete slab_ with structural steel Birders. (iy Relaforced concrete or prestressed concrete, slab with precast » feinforced concrete or presresed. concrete wider, : 2 4 As Ae t An As enea x Ea () Es (2) Bes) EO Ee fox te fy I Hi, Hy, He, hy hy hy 4d i k 600.3. IRC : 224986 Notations = Area = Area of steel at bottom ‘Area of composite girder = Area of steel at haunch = Area of prestes ‘Area of in-situ slab, area of steel = Area of steel in longitudinal direction = Area of steet at top = Wien = Width of fange = Width of haunch = Covers = Diameter/Etfective depth = Depth of auch Modulus of elasticity of concrete at 28 days = Modulus of elasticity of concrete of ia-situ slab ati days = Modulus of elasticity of pre-cast girder at j days = Modulus of elasticity of concrete of prefabricated girder at 28 days = Modulus of elasticity of conerete for in-situ slab at 28 days = Modulus of elasticity of see! = Characteristic compressive strength of 150 mm cubes a 28 days = Ultimate strength of steet = Yield strength of steet = Moment of inertia = Horizontal forces = Depth; thickness = Depth of flange = Age of concrete in days = CoefficientIRC: 22-1986 L = Length Ly = Length of shear plane M, = Ubtimate moment of resistance of composite section m= Modular ratio P= Phehspacing Allowable range of shear resistance per connector Ultimate shear resistance of each connector Vertical shear Range of vertical shear Longitudinal or horizontal shear per unit length Range of horizontal shear per unit length Y = Distance of the centroid ofthe area under consideration from the neutral axis of the composite section A = Load reduction factor, 600.4. Units ‘The units and their symbols shall be adopted as given in Appendix II of IRC : 71, 600.5, Reference to Other Related Codes Apart from design requirements specified herein, for other relevant design requirements in respect of reinforced concrete, Structural steel of prestressed concrete, IRC :18, IRC: 21 and IRC : 24, respectively shall be followed. 1. TERMINOLOGY 601.1. Composite Action The acting together of the girder and slab as a_unit ensured by the use of mechanical device known as shear connectors. 601.2. Shear Connectors There are three main types of shear connectors, viz., Rigid Shear Connector, Flexible Shear Connector and Anchorage Shear Connector. IRC 222-1986 601.2.1. Rigid shear connector : Rigid shear connector consists of short length bars, stiffened angles, channels or tees welded on to the flange of the steel girders and derives resistance to horizontal shear by bearing against concrete (some of this ty} are shown ia Fig. 1). Such connectors should be provided with anchorage devices as shown in Fig. 2. (a) ear Weld © re (0) STIEZENED ANGLE, _ oo 4) Coane Fig. 1. Rigid connectors 601.2:2. Flexible shear connector : Flexible shear connector consists of studs, channels, angles or tees welded to steel girders ‘and derives resistance to horizontal shear through bending of the connectors (some of this type are shown in Fig. 3). Where necessary, such shear connectors shall be provided with anchorages device (See Clause 611.3.2.). 601.23. Anchorage shear connector : This connector is used to resist “horizontal. shear and to prevent separation of the girder from the conerete slab at the interface through bond, Fig. 4. 601.3. Differential Shrinkage Itis the difference between the shrinkage of the two elements from the time composite action comes into play. 5IRC 222-1986 IRC : 22.1986 S smu weld a ree, ee j CONNECTOR oe 7 + . 4r + Welel Cael @) Sto ¢b) ANGLE SECTION well p wel BASKET TYPE f f + 4 ¢ < + 4 tA @) Device WITH HooPED BAR WELDED TO THE. @) Sttectntnh. @) Tee FLEKIBLE CONNECTORS. Fig. 3. Flexible connectors [Note # Hoop anchorage to resist vertical separation not shown in Fig. 1 ‘and Fig. 3 () aod (0) 7 Bar rigid Hooped Bar. Connector Q Q Weld {_4_, (& DEVICE wiTH HoorED BARS WELDED TO THE RIGID CONNECTOR Girder Fig. 4. Anchorage connectors Fig.2 Mechanical device to prevent vertical separation 602, PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS For properties of materials, viz., modulus of elasticity of concrete and steel, creep and shrinkage of concrete, relaxation of steel, IRC: 18, IRC: 21 and IRC: 24 as applicable, shall be referred to.IRC: 221986 (3, GENERAL STRUCTURAL REQUIREMENT Relevant clauses reeurding durability of structures as provided in appropriate codes shall be followed, Members which are subjected to cyclic loading shall have to be examined for fatigue effects, Relevant clauses concerning fatigue effect as incorporated in appropriate codes shall be referred. to. in is regard. 04, DETERMINATION OF COMPOSITE SECTION 604.1. Effective Flange Width 604.1.1. For the purpose of design, the effective width of compression flange of ‘T-Beams” (or interior beams) and “Edge Beams” (or exterior beams) for different type of construction may be calculated as per Clause 305.12.2. of IRC. 31 and 60412 respor. tively. For calculation of deflection, however, the fuil width of slab may be considered as effective. 604.2. Equivalent Section 604.2.1. For prefabricated units in reinforced concrete or prestressed concrete, consideration shall be given to the different ‘moduli of elasticity of the concrete of pre-cast unit and the cast-in- situ unit. The castin-situ slab shall be transformed into the corres- ponding equivalent area of the pre-cast girder. 604.2.2. To determine the equivalent area in service condi- tion, the effective flange width as determined under Clause 604.1, shall be divided by the modular ratio, Ex@) @ Where, Ee(p) ~ Modulus of elasticity of pre-cast girder at 28 days Ee(a) = Modulus of elasticity of in-situ concrete slab at 28 days 604.2.3, In determining the sectional properties of the composite ‘section such as equivalent area, equivalent moment of inertia, etc., at the age under consideration, the effective gross area ofthe in-situ slab shall be transformed into the corresponding equivalent area of the prefabricated unit. This shall be done by dividing the effective width of the in- situ slab by the modular ratio my which is given by im Ea) IRC: 22-1986 Where, £ay(p) = Modulus of elasticity of pre-cast concrete at days U3 28), and ‘i Eel (8) = Modulus of elasticity of castin-sita concrete at (days | 3 By 604.2.4, For composite section with prefabricated units in i steel, the ‘equivalent area of concrete slab shail be determined by dividing ‘the effective width of concrete slab by the modular ratios, m as follows : ( For permanent loads, m (i For transient fonds, mi — Where, £, Modulus of elasticity of steel of girder | Ea) Ke ‘= Creep factor which may be taken as 0. ‘= Modulus of elasticity of cast-in-stu concrete at 28 da ‘The equivalent area of the concrete slab at any age, however, shall be determined by dividing the effective width of the conerete slab by the modular ratio, Where, Ey Bac Modulus of elasticity of steel, and Modulus of lastly of east-in-situ concrete at ¢ days (5 28 days) 605, DIFFERENTIAL SHRINKAGE, 605.1. Differential Shrinkage in Composite Section with in-situ Slab Over Pre-cast Girder The effect of differential shrinkage between the prefabricated girder and cast-in-situ slab shall be duly considered in. the design. However, for common cases, specific assessment of the stress resultants may not be deemed necessary. Clause 605.2. may be referred to in this connection for provision of reinforcement. For cases where stress resultants due to differential shrinkage are likely to be significant, specific assessment of such stress 5 resultants may be made and accounted for in detailing and provision of reinforcement required. For method of assessment, special literature on the subject may be referred to, 605.2. tensile re To cater for differential shrinkage stresses m forcement in the longitudinal direction of the cast-in-IRC : 22.1986 situ slab shall not be less than 0.2 per cent of the cross sectional area (for all grades of steel). 606, DESIGN ASSUMPTIONS FOR ‘COMPOSITE STRUCTURES 606.1. For the purpose of design, prefabricated unit shall be considered. as sustaining its self-load. ‘Where the load of the form work and the in-situ concrete is carried directly by the prefabri- cated unit without adequate props, it shall also be accounted for. 606.2. Composite action shall be considered to be effective only after the in-situ concrete has attained at least 75 per cent of its cube strength (characteristic strength). Incase the composite firder is required to carry imposed loads in addition to self weight Of girder prior to 28 days, the sectional properties of the girder may be determined as per Clause 604.2.3, or 604 606.3. The composite sections shall be so proportioned that the neutral axis of the composite section is generally located below the in-situ concrete slab. In case of steel or concrete prefabricated unit, if the neutral axis is located inside the in-situ concrete slab, the portion of the slab below the neutral axis shall not be considered effective for computing moment of inertia or resisting moment except for deflection calculations. 607, METHOD OF DESIGN 607.1. Design Load ‘The design loads shall be in accordance with that stipulated in the IRC: 6 Bridge Code Section II. The structures and all elements shall be designed to sustain safely the various loads and forces. 607.2. Analysis of Structures The structures shall be analysed by following analytical method in accordance with laws of mechanics, recognised method of design and sound engineering practice. Structures shall be analysed to find out moment, shear, axial force, etc., by. using elastic method with design load, The stifiness of members shall be determined on the basis of an equivalent section as defined in Clause 604.2. 607.3. Permissible Stresses of Materials Permissible stresses of different grades of concrete and steel 10 anc : 22-1986 shall be in accordance with the stipulations made to this effect in IRC:21 and those of structural steel shall be in accordance with the stipulations made to this effect in IRC:24. Increase in permissible stresses for various load combinations shall be governed by the corresponding provisions made in IRC:21 and IRC:24. 607.4. Deflection ‘The deflection shall be limited to the relevant provisions of IRC:21 and IRC:24. 608. DESIGN OF COMPOSITE SECTION WITH STEEL BEAM AND R.C. SLAB 608.1, Design of Section for Flexure 608.1.1. Steel section 608.1.1.1. Where the unpropped steel section carries the weight of the concrete slab or any other load during construction, it shall be designed in accordance with IRC:24 and the resulting stresses added to those induced later in composite section. 608.1.1.2, For computation of relief in stresses due to remo- val of such temporary loads added during construction, appropriate sectional properties of the composite section shall be considered depending upon the time of removal. 608.1.1.3. The total calculated stresses in the steel section shall not exceed the appropriate allowable stresses. (608.1.2. Composite section 608.1.2.1. The stresses in the composite section (steel beam, conerete siab and longitudinal reinforcement) shall be calculated in accordance with elastic theory, ignoring concrete in tension and assuming full interaction between the steel beam and concrete slab through properly designed shear connectors, 608.1.2.2, The design of composite section shall be dene in the same manner as that of Tee-beam. For this purpose, the pro- perties of the composite section may be computed in accordance ‘with Clause 604, u