YMOYPFEIO AIKAIOZYNHE, AIAPANEIAE KAI ANOPOMINON AIKAIOMATON. TENIKH TPAMMATEIA ANTE KAHMATIKHE NOAITIKHE MINISTRY OF JUSTICE, TRANSPARENCY AND HUMAN RIGHTS GENERAL SECRETARIAT FOR CRIME POLICY AOPATEX NOINEZ EYPOMAIKH AIAZTASH - EAAHNIKH MPOONTIKH EmpéAeta: Eutoxng OutpaKkng INVISIBLE PUNISHMENTS EUROPEAN DIMENSION - GREEK PERSPECTIVE Edited by Eftichis Fitrakis FPADEIO AGrva, 2018Api®. epyaciac 269/2017 ISBN: 978-618-81035-3-55 SPAIN COMPARATIVE EUROPEAN STUDY ON RESTRICTIONS OF CERTAIN CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS AFTER CONVICTION José Luis de la Cuesta Director of the Basque Institute of Criminology University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) San Sebastian, Spain A a consequence of the principle of legality, the nuclear effects of criminal sanctions need to be clearly established by the Penal Code or the law; and consequently criminal punishments consist in deprivation of liberty, prop- erty, restriction of freedom. Il. In this sense, deprivation and / or restriction of certain civil and political rights can be the direct and visible content of certain punishments in Spain. Spanish Criminal Law has traditionally applied barring (absolute and special), suspension from public employment / office, deprivation of the right to drive (or weapons license) and different prohibitions (visiting / residing in certain places, approaching / communicating with victims), which are still foreseen either as main punishments or as accessory ones. Community Service is also considered a punishment consisting in deprivation of rights by the Spanish Criminal Code. 114 INVISIBLE PUNISHMENTS | European Dimension ~ Greek Perspective