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:lm
and Combinations
:Jde
1 the
ri so KERTAS 1
r1
c find
Mathematical Formulae
1. nPn= nl 4. "Pg=|
= n(n - l)(n - 2) x ... x 3 x 2 x 1
5.'Co-1
) nDt nl
- 6'
"- 1n-v1t "C1 =n
7. nCn= |
nl'
3. 'C-' =
(n-r)lrl 8. "Cr=nCr-,
--J_.x
ln
2 assistant monitors and 6 prefects.
Satu pasukan bahas terdiri daripada 5 orang
pelajar. Pasukan 5 orang pelajar itu dipilih
daripada 4 ketua darjah, 2 penolong ketua
trNtrtrtrtrtr Diagram 9
Rajah 9
darjah dan 6 pengawas.
Calculate the number of different ways the
A four-letter code is to be formed using four
team can be formed if
of these cards.
Suatu kod empat huruf hendak dibentuk dengan
Hitungkan bilangan cara yang berlainan pasukan
menggunakan empat daripada kad-kad itu.'
itu boleh dibentuk jika
(a) there is no restriction. Find
;hed is tiada sy arat dikenakan. Cari
(b) the team contains only 1 monitor (a) the number of different four-letter codes
and
that can be formed.
exactly 3 prefects.
pasukan itu mengandungi hanya I ketua
bilangan htd empat huruf yang berlainan
yang dapat dibentuk.
darjah dan tepat 3 pengawas.
14 marks) (b) the number of different four-letter codes
[4 markah] which end with a consonant.
bilangan kod empat huruf yang berlainan
yang berakhir dengan huruf konsonan.
14 marksl
14 markahl
189
;
SPM nO7 Question 23 SPM 2o0g Question 22 (b
3 A coach wants to choose 5 players consisting 5 There are 4 different Science books and
of 2 boys and 3 girls to form a badminton Gll3 different Mathematics books on a shelf.
team. These 5 players are chosen from Calculate the number of different ways to
a group of 4 boys and 5 girls. ,urange all the books in a row if
Seorang jurulatih ingin memilih 5 orang Dalam rak ada 4 buah buku Sains yang berlainan
pemain yang terdiri daripada 2 orang lelaki dan 3 buah buku Matematik yang berlainan.
dan 3 orang perempuan untuk membentuk satu Hitung bilangan cara yang berlainan untuk
pasukan badminton. 5 orang pemain itu dipilih menyusun semua buku itu dalam satu baris jika
daripada sekumpulan 4 orang lelaki dan 5 orang SPM N1
(a) no condition is imposed.
perempuan.
tiada syarat dikenakan.
8 Th:
Find GE! a 1,,:
trtrtrtrtrtr Diagram23
SPM
7
n|l Question 23
Diagram 23 shows seven letter cards.
GllRajah 23 menunjukkan tujuh keping kad huruf.
(a) Nur
190
,1il
i
(b) the number of different five-letter codes Find
; and which begin with a vowel and end with Cari
elf . a consonant. (a) the number of ways 3 marbles can be
IvS tO bilangan kod lima huruf yang berlainanyang
chosen from the box.
bermula dengan huruf vokal dan berakhir
bilangan cara 3 biji guli boleh dipilih dari
'lainan dengan hurufkonsonan.
kotak itu.
at1. [4 marks] (b) the number of ways at least 8 marbles
untuk f4 markahl
ris jika can be chosen from the box.
SPM n12 Question 23 bilangan cara sekurang-kurangnya 8 biji
8 There are 10 different coloured marbles in guli boleh dipilih dari kotak itu.
l?Dl a box. marksl
14
lext to Dalam sebuah kotak terdapat 10 biji guli yang 14 markahl
berlainan warn*.
belahan
rnarks)
nittrkah)
iifferent KERTAS 1
_-I (b) Number of codes formed = apr x 6p:
equal11
ffi^ f.l The number of selections of 5 students from
12 students is I2Cr.
= 480
dir rsion I
i rirrzrks] I fnl 3f prefects,
the team consists of 1 monitor and
(a) The number of ways to select 2 boys from
i then only I assistant monitor can
,e rlainar'
I be chosen. 4 boys is 4Cr.
1i LintAfL; The number of ways to select 3 girls from
I fne number of selections of I monitor from 5 gtns ts ,L3.
| + monitors, 3 prefects from 6 prefects and.
ti.,ihagiar..
i 1 assistant monitor from 2 assistant monitors (b) As the three girls are next to each other,
\ t,rarkah-)
I it 4cr x 6c3 x 2cr. consider the three girls as one girl_
The number of permutatiors of 2 boys and
1 girl is 3P3.
12=4+2+6 The three girls can be arranged among
(a) Number of ways themselves in 3p. ways.
ds. Thus, the total number of ways is 3p. x 3p..
td huruf. =if;
ft) Number of ways = 4Cr x 6!: x 2C*r
iE
= 160
,,,,lrtlllillltlililn,.
I
rnarksf
n0rkah)
(a) tt
0: srnu
3 marksT x = 4lo 49', 138" 11'
t'#.*
"1
cosec =: -p
t
1
Factorise the quadratic equation to find ihe values
l) marks) I
I
of sin x and then the values of x. (a)cosec
' 0= sin9 7
15sin2x=sinx+4sin30" =1p
) nnrkahf
15sin2x=sin-r+2
15sin2x-sin x-2=0 (b) sin 20
i3 marks)
(5sinr*2)(3sinr+1)=Q =2sin9cos0
'-) a
nrurkah) sln.tr=- - 2x p -,T l',J
5 '(-"ri=) cos6= ''
I
'f iolutions x = 23o 35', 156" 25'
= -2p{t -iI
.1
sln.tr=--
3
l3 rrtarAsl Faclorise out cos x to obtain cos x(3 sin x - l ) : O.
s. -rirrll ttltrtti'
x = I99" 28',340o 32' Solve for cosx: 0 and i sinx - I: 0.
Thus, x = 23" 35',156" 25',199" 28',340" 32, Note that sin x is positive in the first and second
quadrants.
J , COSX
i3 nmrkahl ib---r LnanPe Cot X [O
" -stnx
i Express the equation in the form of cos x + 3sin,r'cosr-cos.r=0 Factorise out
2sinxCosx:0. cos x(3 sin -r - l) = Q cos r.
Factorise out the common factor cos x and proceed
to solve the trigonometric equation. CoSx=0
x = 90', 2J0'
183
mn*
t
or (bt
3sinx-1=0 ,i;,r8
lid;-ri
Use sin 20 : 2 sin 0 cos 0 to form the equqtion
s
.1 n
2sin0cos0-cos0:0.
sm.r = I Factorise out the Common factor cos 0 and proceed
5 I
I
triangle for the angle. 0 = 90",2J0o ir0
: L.
*F-.]
I
I (a) Use the definition an e or
x
i
sin g=1 I
(b) 4
I
!
Find the values of sin A, sin B, cos and 2 I
t
cos B from the diagram. 0= 30', 150" j c,aa
I
Then, substitute the values into cos (A - B)
I
i
I
: I
cos,4 cos + sin A sin B. Hence, 0 = 30", 90", 150o, 270
tar2
(tan g
7
Use tan A: a4 and the fact that I is acute to find tan I
L
Use tan B :; and the fact that B being a reflex
il, :
.in4- 1
cosB=, angle, is in the 5rd quadrant, to find the values
13
of sin I and cos 8, which are both negative.
A = -12 sinB=a \\,'her .
ffi : I 4
(b) rh
!
i
Use the identity I + tan2 0
tan2 0 in terms of sec2 e.
'
Then, write sec' e as -];
sec2 g to
to obtain an expression
express
l')'
lo
',/l- sinA=1
cos A = --!
5
L
5
an
Re
i
cos'O
i
_'7
I
:Yi:l"it1t3. t tanB= ' =-!-1
Dri
-74 BA -24 24
w-71
nut
I +tarj2 0 = secz 0 sinB=-Z
L,.'-<
tan20=secz0-l |
25 Th(
inte
= --.!=-
cosz 0
-t I
crs B - -24
25
_l I (a) cosec
p-a^ lt4
(a)cotA=r,unA= =1+
= 1-P' 3 =J -l
-t-
p2 4 = COS
184
UF;F"-
(b) sin (A + B) = sinA cos B + cosA sin B (b) (i), (ii)
quation 41 7\ ) xl
5\-xl *
-=3(_24\ s\-xl -1ft -J
I
\ l/
Proceed
=_72 *r_2q) 1
l
Factorise
tan 0-
the quadratic equation in tan 9. Solve
2 : 0 and tan 0- 1 : 0 to find the
3
1
VV
,
values of 9.
1
Note that tan 0 is positive in the first and the third 31cosec2 x-2sin2 x-cot2 *t=*-
l
quadrant.
1
I
JCOSI.Y=--lf
_r.
ar? e-3tano+2=o ^-rl
COSI-d=---
(tan 0- 2Xtan 0- 1) = 0 3n3
tan 0=2 or tan 0= I -.- x 1
'-.: io finC J- ^ sTE 3
::e botl'
The suitable straight line to be drawn is
,- . , rcfler
: < e
'!i'!
y= x -
-3n3
1.
:^: value:
Whenx=0..v=-;.t
Whentan0=2, J
0 = 63" 26',243' 26' When;r=7r,)=0.
,= li
When tan 0 =.1, Number of solutions = 4
. = 45",225"
e
*,.
Hence, 0= 45",63" 26',225",243" 26'
3
185