Particle Emissions and

Scania Euro 6.
Heavy-Duty Engines

Hanna Bernemyr
Test Cell Development
Euro 3
Euro 4
Euro 5
EEV
Euro 6
8
7 Euro 1
1992
NOx Euro 2
1996

––95%
95%

0.15 0.40

PM ––97%
97%
Euro 6 compared to Euro 5
Particle
number

Euro 6
Euro 5
EEV
Around
– 99%

– 80%
 5

Particle Measurement Program (PMP)

United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE)
World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations (WP.29)

Research program to develop new vehicle exhaust

particle measurement procedures for regulatory use

Set up due to

health concerns over nano-particles

concerns over capability of current PM measurement to
force adoption of technology which effectively controls
these emissions

Mandate to develop techniques (PM and PN) to replace
or complement particulate mass measurement.
Techniques must be applicable to Light Duty Vehicle &
Heavy Duty Engine type approval testing
 PM and PN measurements

PN

dilution air
CVS tunnel

engine Secondary
exhaust dilution tunnel
Engine filter
PM
cyclone
 PMP PM Measurement Technology
Improved PM Measurement

Cyclone (2.5µm to 10µm cut-point)

Sample to be held at 47°C +/- 5°C

Filter face velocity

Pallflex TX40 filters
with no backup
 8

Particle number (PN) according to PMP

VPR volatile particle remover

PND1 ET PND2 PNC

primary evaporation secondary particle
diluter tube diluter number
counter
Hot Heated Cooling by
dilution 350°C dilution # / cc

Total number of solid particles

On-line transient measurements, 1Hz
Particle diameter = 23 nm - 2.5 µm
Low volatility: survive 350°C for 0.2 s
PN/PM Emissions from HD PMP Programme
AECC (Association for Emissions Control by Catalyst)

Engine designed for US2007

6 cylinder 7.5 litre engine

Common rail

Turbocharged (fixed vane)

Max. injection pressure 180Mpa
PN results from AECC PMP

< 6 x 1011 < 6 x 1011

DPF: 99,9 % DPF: 99,8 %
PM results from AECC PMP
 PN/PM Emissions from PMP HD Program

PM - PN different technologies
1.00E+14

1.00E+13

new
PN #/kWh

1.00E+12 SCR
used
PmKat
DPF
1.00E+11
SCRT

1.00E+10

1.00E+09
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 50.0
PM mg/kWh
 The Scania way of thinking
The Euro 6 emission standard demands

New measurement techniques during engine

development work

Highly advanced emission equipment

Complex measurement method

New engine and exhaust aftertreatment

technologies

Since April 2011 Scania is prepared to
start delivering trucks with engines that
comply with Euro 6
 Scania Technical Centre
All in one place in Södertälje

Laboratory
Engines

Proving grounds
Gearboxes, axles

Design, styling
Electronics

2,800 engineers
Truck cabs, chassis

Production nearby
Buses, chassis modules
 Fuel consumption development
European tractor and semitrailer combination

Euro
litres/100 km 1 2 3 4 5
50

45

40
Engine development
35 Aerodynamics
30 Rolling resistance
Others
25

20
’92 ’96 ’01 ’06 ’09
15
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020
 Road transport emissions in Europe

140

120

100

80

60

40

20
Index 1995=100
0
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020

 CO  NOx  PM-
PM-diesel  VOC  Benzene  SO2  CO2

Source: Auto Oil II – Communication from the European Commission COM(2000) 626 final
Current heavy vehicle population in Europe
More than half are Euro 2 or older and 30% are ”Euro 0”.

Heavy trucks Buses and coaches

In total 11,000,000 vehicles in 2010

Source: European Environment Agency
 Scania Technologies

Scania XPI extra high pressure injection

Scania EGR exhaust gas recirculation

Scania VGT variable geometry turbocharging

Scania DOC diesel oxidising catalyst (oxicat)

Scania DPF diesel particulate filter

Scania SCR selective catalytic reduction

Scania engine management

Scania exhaust management
Scania Euro 6. Technology
8
7 Euro 1
1992
NOx Euro 2
1996

––95%
95%

0.15 0.40

PM ––97%
97%
PM mass on filter
DPF exhaust aftertreatment decrease
Elemental Carbon content of PM
relative to total PM

Diesel:
EC > 80 %
Diesel with DPF:
EC < 2 %

Source: Bosteels, D et. al.; SAE 2006-01-1516

Scania Euro 6 | Scania Euro 6