Number System

1
Personal Computer (PC)
 Designed for one user at a time.
 general-purpose.
 Cost-effective.
 For naïve user than a computer expert.
Components of PC
 Computer case
 Processor
 Motherboard
 Main memory
 Storage drive
 Visual display unit
 Video card
 Keyboard
 Mouse
 Number System
 A number system is a mathematical notation for representing numbers of a
given set, using digits or other symbols in a consistent manner.

 The number system can be seen as the context that allows the symbols "11"
to be interpreted as the binary symbol for three, the decimal symbol
for eleven,....

 The number system consists of

 Base
 Set of digits (From 0 to Base-1)
 Representation for a set of numbers (e.g. all integers)
 Unique representation to every number in the set
 Types of Number System
 Non-Positional number system
 Positional number system

5
 Non-Positional Number System
• Symbol represents the value regardless of its position.
• Difficult to perform arithmetic operation.

• For example:-
I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X
XI,XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XVIII, XIX, XX

6
 Positional Number System
• Symbols (Digits) represent different values depending upon the
position.

• The values of each digit is determined by:-

• Digit itself

• Position of the digit

• Base of the number system

7
Positional Number System
Continuing with our example…
642 in base 10 positional notation is:

6 x 102 = 6 x 100 = 600

+ 4 x 101 = 4 x 10 = 40
+ 2 x 10º = 2 x 1 = 2 = 642 in base 10

The power indicates

This number is in the position of
base 10 the number
8 6
 Decimal Number System
The base is equal to 10
Uses 10 different symbols.

For example:
(2*1000) + (5*100) + (8*10) + (6*1)
=2000 + 500 + 80 + 6
=2586

9
 Binary Number System
• Binary digit 0 or 1
• The base is 2.
• Each position represents a power of the base 2.
Example:-Conversion from 00111101 to decimal is-

10
Conversion of decimal representation to binary
Divide decimal number to base 2 and Take remainders in reverse
order. Example : Convert 3610 to binary number

2 36 Remainder

2 18 0 Least Significant Bit (LSB)

2 9 0

2 4 1

2 2 0
2 1 0
0
1 Most significant Bit (MSB)

(36)10 = (100100)2
11
 Conversion of binary representation to decimal
 Covert (11010)2 to decimal

12
 Conversion of binary representation to decimal
 Covert (11010)2 to decimal

24 23 22 21 20
16 8 4 2 1
1 1 0 1 0
1*16
+1*8
+0*4
+1*2
+0*1

= 16 + 8 + 0 + 2 + 0
= 26
13
 Octal Number System
The base is 8
The digits are 0-7
Each position represents
a power of the base 8.

For example:- decimal

equivalent to the octal
number 421 is 273

14
 Converting Decimal to Octal

8 1988 Rem
8 248 4
8 31 0
8 3 7
0 3
(1988)10 = (?)8

(1988)10 = (3 7 0 4)8
15
 Converting Octal to Decimal
(642)8 = (?)10

16 11
 Converting Octal to Decimal
(642)8 = (?)10

6 x 82 = 6 x 64 = 384
+ 4 x 81 = 4 x 8 = 32
+ 2 x 8º = 2 x 1 = 2
Sum = (418)10
17 11
 Hexadecimal Number System
The base is 16

digit symbols in base 16

are 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,
A,B,C,D,E,F

Each position represents

a power of the base 2.

18
Converting Decimal to Hexadecimal

222 13 0
16 3567 16 222 16 13
32 16 0
36 62 13
32 48
47 14
32
15

(3567)10 = (DEF)16
19 21
 Converting Hexadecimal to Decimal

(DEF)16 = (?)10

D x 162 = 13 x 256 = 3328

+ E x 161 = 14 x 16 = 224
+ F x 16º = 15 x 1 = 15
Sum = (3567)10

20
Shortcut Method for Converting a
Binary Number to its Equivalent
Octal Number
Shortcut Method for Converting an
Octal Number to Its Equivalent
Binary Number
Shortcut Method for Converting a
Binary Number to its Equivalent
Hexadecimal Number
Shortcut Method for Converting a
Hexadecimal Number to its
Equivalent Binary Number
 Some Problems
Q.1- (EF)16 + (27)8 = (?)7

Q.2- (C2D51)16 + (27655)8 = (?)6

25
 Some Problems
Q.1- (EF)16 + (27)8 = (?)7

(EF)16 = E x 161 + F x 16º

= 14 x 16 + 15 x 1
= 224 + 15 = (239)10

(27) 8 = 2 x 81 + 7x8º = 16 + 7 = 23

(EF)16 + (27)8 = (239)10 + (23)10

= (262)10
= (523)7

Q.2- (C2D51)16 + (27655)8 = (?)6

26
Thank You