‘Avot in the seis MYTH AND POETICS lid by Gregory Nagy ‘A fl at fen the eres appears the ead of he book BORN OF THE EARTH Myth and Politics in Athens Nicote Loraux ‘Trarlated fiom the Frenh by Selina Stewart CORNELL UNIVERSITY PRESS“rm, emul pi © by Cn ie as epi 4 igs mera fa he ttn in ek SRE ti nin Scart Stim eon ge nt ie by Come ey re wk pl wi te fe Mn oC ny tte kr ee Na Tome Me 8 A Co rte ets ee in Sn Ot ay of Cage Cnn Da toa, Ne ee Pe pti te eam ie om he as en » Scede-Gune— 3, Nama ati oe con eye nis we men opal eno CRISSCEISD asa de pg te cet ty ere oe oc ‘ected te ek rp iP oe Sem SEES ei am ee gece rd mcg SRE ES fem dc ay Fre oman otievew mtd Gohping wT OES OE Contents Foreword by Grepory Nagy ‘Aue’ Nore 1. At Lat, Bom Moral 2. The Benois of Aszochthoay 5. The Polis of My sn Arkon 4 An Arcadian in Athens 5 Glory ofthe Same, Prestige ofthe Other 6 Inguiy ito the Hstonicl Construction of Murer 17. Why Greek Meshes Supposedly litte the Eth 1 From Pato to Bachofen and Beyond 9, Ancient Moti, Modem Conaractons: Earth, Woman 10, The Ret ofthe Excluded 14, Democrey Pat to the Tes of che Suanger (Athens, Pas) Notes Teer aa 3 » 65 8s 9s 5 us 17Foreword Garcon Nacr of th Bath: Myth nd Polisi Ate) by Neo Loc, 2 ‘complement to The Chien of Atha Athenian Hes abut Cima nd he Dion bwec the Sexes sncton Univesity Pre 19)? Tat ror, the orginal French version of whch was publihed eat wo {tcade go, nt complement her ist book, the Englhverson of ‘which The lento fie Te Parcel Orton he Cla iy (Haracd Univenty Pre 1986, A number of diogushd books esedin the term, cdg another one the Myth and Poetics se- {iss Mite n Mouming puted wih heey Of Arey and is Op poe (6990. She seuence of Imetn of Ath! Chl of ‘Aten? Bor th Eh eon ite 2,4 ly, exploring + Spevtclay wide range of Me and delogesconcoming the cic ‘entiy of Athenians 2 aud men who "bor ofthe at.” ‘OF ther eeze book, Bam of he Ear ithe widest angi in n= test and applications ike the ober so, zara off by ocsing on the poetic and theton inkeren na core mj dat tof he Bit, fou Motker Ear, of 2 proerypial attocithonow han who be” coms he nosonalancetor of Athen cen, Bu hen te Tes "tty Si Sr oN ie aie a a RESIS SSL tom aes ne ee senator ee Fc eS an tn he: i in Gt ee “peti Sy Goes hae En i ut ei iy pd Dee en Pavii Foreword widens, gal pening ino viion that eches wel beyond he hi Tonal content of cal Aten hi son Keeps on widening sa the edit encompass the preset day resis floc and woeld pol- tn the Ea co op content today’s onging pita ‘oslo! urge over defiton of umanizy sewers of sch = too-fiiiar dictions gender, ace and ene oun. “This bok efitcavey defies thes dsinctous by imvoking the clesicl Athenian nth of astoony. I he terminology of is th “Shout the gomr of Fit Man, Born of Mother Earth, the word srr Tren nt ony his man's "genet x uma and ivi proce ‘Dean abo 1 hb “ender dine ram eke ponml, tai om ‘amie () hs nace" a tinct fom te socunan ht om nan () hice” dint rom the on-Athenian, hats, om ‘ther enie rouping. The Mensty ofall Atenas i determined by Sha protneypcl man named Erehthes(akinsey iene ito fo pants figs, Erehevs and Esicionioy). Moreover, Lo- ‘Shuciows, the dniy of Aberian democracy belts ature” by ‘Be gor of Echo: the goes of ie pocoshuman comes “na ‘al fom thee ike the gees of plan. Mother Eat has be ome a democrse euize: rom the compasive pape of his carer sath about Home emootos gender and eae reveled carl conse, 9 Ho ogi determinant es sy do speak in terme of ilgy, bu thei ‘Bolo story sme out to be eel determined. The grade of relics mut be mae bese nly mas ae cizes, and Eres is primary the eestor ofl eee of a deorac, only econdiy the ancoor of humans. The "ee of Erechthws has 9 exloe all fov- Athenian Beaute only Athenians can be etizens of the Mother anchor Athens. ‘The mb “pooti” of gender a ace ae a ‘brags in Atenian Back gue vate paising, for compe, color i ode of gender, at of re" Hack she color for the akin of mals, thi, fet of nals, "The sbieasines of mye coding can lead tm gape in inking aout iden the gos of all humsse comes “nana” mn he ‘womb of female humane bt the oe of the prto-Athenian mae Toman comes tana” orn Earth, seems the Mother Nase trois fcedy forthe ft Arbenian man: he = geminated and “lnegs fom he ground Eke the seed of pant, whl al other Ae= Foreword in men ar conesved and emerge rm the womb of women. Fr al ‘ther Atenin men, notonly descended at they ar om the rOo- [Athenian ma, tere are wo Kind of ge hat exp ther genes ‘Primi, they ae born ofthe Fath teen they belong ka the Ate an "rae" secondary, they sre Bors of wom beau they belong, tothe human "nce" ‘Te problem shat cher ce people who ge out of thi wod- vw. Only Athnisn men can thik of thems as pemanly 8 seonded from Mother Earth, whl ofet men ate deed merely fom bursa wore Ad what abou hve oter it who ew dem sctes a autocthonous, jst Eke the Aiea? Let ws tke, for ex tmp the mies ofthe Aran ty of Tees, who ave asi tochehonout nh abou iow gos, Tn ection, he Athenians wl fy eo ge around this contadition of ther smigaenen by making he “Teg not igus they wil rer them not Toga nec ene of tn Tol Moher Each of Tog Bot ten gener erm 2 Areas, since ager Aeadans do not by cam to such 2 myth of Sucodbony, Is fr for Athenians pak of Arcadian autochthony than of Tepe stachtony, snce Mother Earth an chs be gener dee, syed arene. ‘Coser to home, sere ia bigger problem: what ifyou happen to ‘bean Athenian woman? When yo give bit the gen pecy ot condi? Wh comes fi? eth it of eld Gom 2 womb or the emergence ofa seding fom the eh? Tn her wots, What Inodeled on wis? When you ive bith, re you re-enacting the gee sit ofthe Fine Mas? And whats your child danghce? Thete ae ‘ther myths about tse Fit Worn, bu these wil oe fi the bi of | yur daghtceanlen, that i, You ae alten thinking of Pander “These ar the ques aol by Hom of he Fath To rsd this books ot only to eck ase io rconfort oe on bam.Bom of he Ear, The Aten we, 0 a leat 6 they wold have oes bie nd — ethene yt. Be sel my ey, Fg ow fe ya oth the ane, and ing the ome Thier usin, i gies he as a xt ot ea 80 the se, Eich fo oo! the bday, age difit day of he fini Never 995 {would ke ean: Hine Morse who was kind enought sone the bras of mansieps preparion aad matics prootead- ing ofthe French-anguae cio, “This hook wis bom long ag fom » algae, acver since iter rupted, woth Maurice Olends Irie ao thanks aim ta the vlame peas tay. NL‘At Last, Bom Mortal “There it ao Gresk Genes Nothing o provide the Gree with a oe stoke, 4 Crestor and + date of bh: nor ay Greek poem an the ‘ngs f humanity omening the autos of the Thao, Hesiod’ poem on the beh of he god. Al the sme, dhe Greeks had no shore- eo my with which peak ofthe Sn men ot imagine the fof the human condition: wore flag go, when the Earth Mater feed umankind fom te pein cancers ofthe reproduction ofthe ‘pores, when the eel spn ofthe Golden Age digised death in Ahep and granted moral men eel ‘Man comes fom the eth. On this poiat—ground zero of myth rarely developed for ova sake, more often alle roo simply let fnwatespoes and plsleophes, sions! tdions of he poe and fale ofthe origin of the Greek ace gre oe many ha ae ‘0 ways of coming Eom theca Ia certain mth, sch she > tonic mh ofthe gee form [oot Age] of theca)! or Be ‘ochthonow Adhenin ot Theban myes from auth, bom fom he ‘i [th oa io one's homeland, man—mankind, +, (Semen op om the eth plant emerges om the round {eld om the womb, According w other mye such the Hesiod ‘ory ofthe cretion of women, the human crete (here women and the opposition of hc sexey, af we alle, ae not wtb signin), ‘nade ofc nd modeled bya godin he rol of ras, the prod ‘tof ition. Each a Bel ah a sbeance: ld orc. fat the level of sch peti, sowing fr more broadly acu) 20d2 Bom afte Earth potery-aking (or more broadly catmanihip) oppose ech ober = tual arial ot rpg thar between the wo versions (tereaion there hold be more diminish reseebance, ‘On one side the ah x ld spomanecuy Fee rfid by wing” producing men Thos ae primtive rcs spontaneous Zesing om G8 ike the Potonc gfe or dviving fom a ata oti hough a “meds chon i sch as men “bom of oak Id tone" He’ ace of bronze sprang fom ah te and ate tochtbones bom fom di uatve ol suc te Tetum Spur who Ipeang ep fargo and rad for combat the product ofa trae ering ainda byte ame the Sowa”) ing ou of the psi ‘Sawhich Kado ha setered a gon’ teh, Likewie de mytiel Siero of the hess, Exhthonios or Erechthens, at Be 03 family a of ome complet, was 4 product ofthe sl he vig ‘Atbera having evaded he pring adanees of the css god He ‘haz the sath rcv the ejected love’ sperm and gave bis {he miraculous inne wo bear te king of Ate. “om te ther side the earths doce ate, fone by a vine cafioman, sear, of poter. ia esd this erafman is ced He ‘aon snd woman fis masepiece of nang A subsequent adi Son preaned to have humankind bor inthe wes ofthe ner Imedary Promebut, 4Iate invention pechaps, and esta abo the inveaion ofa proper or emi pes fat wit is importants ht {Grech yea thought un could rut om a eh act ‘Bor ef the Eat primardal Gf of he commognie, achropemor- pha Grp in the ith of scons solitary poe = boring kes woman ging Bir free and nourishing fiver roiler of Mf, fom whos men grow Bike pans of pti 2 i omeled whowe intabics defend ie 3s they would 3 Ger and mote, oF made of ath (0 hs water none version ike Pat Gomi Hed or Hes the ightened Aches whom Menciaus could tly ring sel toro a women nde a 7.9): man bs 3 ths dopo wo compcting mythical dacounes concen his ori. Caan te ey th sem ely to revi over tc myths of asic: The eth mote moter than mutes, in Grek hough Tamguage, where the somatic Gale of seul reproduction and plant pow ae inewtealy interned, Wibou eying to decide which of the othe ent ar he female sites the other, Greck question ‘Atl, Boss Morel 3 std by Plato and reheaned ad sacar by moder chal (hs Dic- (eich hi clebted Mtr En)? ee ote da sn marge 308 the ape age, wou i eld wo be worked, 2 Sarow to be sm "Yer we mut go fer, beyond the opposition ofthe eo models “The Gres thenalves orca red the borden beeen ad and lay ths spent weal se, wth Pandor, the Be woman. AbOYe aly bh version ofthe craton my ave he ame tendency co eplce the queen ofthe begining wit ht of what happens aerwar “To explin: humankind exits Bees hee wee “ist men,” yet the great dial nt sign them bh, but o give them por tery In other wor, even i with Pato, the Greeks were wiling 0 beleve dt “nen ofthe precoding age were Bon fom he eth nad feng engendened one rom anote,” ie was neverbelseequied hat one dey the endless cyl of reproduction, eo whieh hmankind must be sabject in dere perpetate selon his eth, begin’ Doubt Tee the goes dno proceed without dls and “mise,” ance fonder © carcteaze the beginnings of humans, myths mpi the ‘epeton the redpltion, the diconiity.Somesimes men xe born fom primordial beings whe ate theneeves dered fom the eth, and ‘who, srt af res sebeurl, ensure the taston between the oi {andthe umes often, That the “paren” of Phones, mye Sncestr of the Arpves and Bint man,” were the ver Unc ad he nymph Mala? dager of Ocean (ccoting to Apelodor) or ster ‘tthe Ml, ahstee ayphe who were bem from Gai ene by {he Blood of Ourinos”Likewie inte Orpbic yt humankind soe fiom the aes ofthe Titan, who col be een 2“ pei ‘ofthe human ice" Sometimes eduction ad dscomtnty dominate, sn the my prepared wo amit + it human race it ‘order give hamanity new tar he Hood removes aes om he ee ‘ofthe cath, but Deueaion and Pyiha, by throwing stones onto the ‘roand produce anew haman race hat asta nga in the process of reproducing ee Forman gue man was Bors af en, and not ofthe wskuown. "Tellme your race and your ative land, bees sly You re ot fiom the legendary oak eee or fromm sane." Sorts eels C0 this Hlomene qoeion + ew cenanes tr I too have res: ice, os “omer ym not"bom fom ek or zoc bu om human beings:4 Born ofthe Fath const se pres" To oon xis in 2 rove ee ec ne a ec ny taming thw isk mes sire che overt on ih ree: mh ting ot {Egon hing Ye cv tks lef ae SETEST te Great or rod int igs po an Seon fom te ong wich detely cond he ta codon Wee dys nd now srs, he elf earn at cole mgs oon fn. Betowe tne of men da of Sonam noni cen pag ve Sow ie orf er of Hee we Serer ne eee, the ace frome ad he ne of TESTES Sane mcf on row dos or cn Ta latch preceding once Pee Vk Nee oh “RY Petipdocen ony fom a ot i order too, ‘found bes let song tempor elf be sac Site ac ema tor acer on, ph oe ERTIES geo utr cea er nig hth igo Te ng Sut nis eure vn ode of econ 2 ix tow they ob ended “hn ger ce fsa ad when we pa ost crcton we anda th hamsn condo hie ime “Thos man is bors, and dics. ven the langage of yeh undencores tis moval: men i mato, neni) bene hey ae Chunctrzed a tee and they ae eet only theses of ‘onc eo om the eat” pont (Eom pn] an thn ie lat." Moreavee Hii not the primordial exh) butte eth Chieti the home and ce often ae stuated, rly abd be Ghose the ty ofthe Ofypian gods and the depths of Haden One ‘Mepetook br efrence to creston i the wo amaenc; bu this Ee and elcure wort pububly means no moe thin “en who ae tora on earth" Georg Duma observed tht for the major of Talo-Besopeao languages nan thew” hs Tati hao, Fo Thoma etre being “the moral ye tbe Grek choice of mona is tore than» lagi preference: 2 uit () sfimtion, and without Nem The probe wth sen nthe end inochi hey xe Acta, Bom Moral 5 ‘ina way, nwt thee bu her ht hy ot pat BE {realy hy ony eh 1s 2 ber enon mn, ceed by Prometheus snd Aes, wat sede he yaad wind, jut he Bayon ly mined it Se Hood of 2 go, andthe Jw ward into wich the Ctr treed i” But mre grr, Grek myth was ile concemed th he day of sn body and moral rosa pt the looper ace body with ea and oul wis ee era ae whe the iu of ca sd wer ch made the buna Tig? Grek my ren ethno eo ee Teal spaces dat earned mes om the company fhe ode Gencnlting, what JeamPie Verant mote conceming te ‘rome myth a esd one mighty hat “some wa he oy {eft penton deeb te ceaon of an" nhc Golden Age men were ew the gd, anda 0 no og esd ant Pinar go tthe hy hve he sae ong ne inet they both cane fn GE Buta ccuned wich eoyed {be ey coal cra ot gt and ad 3-40 Apel tev remnd he er Denies at "hee wana ew di et rs at fhe imnoral gdb and char of men who wa he on” Tat ot ow tum 10 the myth of Prometeas in he Tagny (635-80, ce Hod ho tol the try oft spon. We Ene {Se lian ny of goad mene Tran Prometica con {hcl the Seca, the go man atge ouch Sire ince ht tne te genersonr of mand hl {ipa i oe ignieae thee ey wero Jeg ‘ated cifice tthe immo ner to epuhe beaker ik BO the rae wa comma wen Pras opted soe Sad ae fren the Bre of wick he ange of ew bl pte Shem With he coking fr, man woke wo hve yc ae Sr cone hi fd: more nectar, yet ae m0 lenge hid om, the bess But Zeus wa ot go cone fein bnen, and agent iyo wate the ight of he ‘enti oe lows among mea.” There “in the ce of fre be ceed ae dein for men” (3-579), am el eae ‘woman(6 Bom of he Bath ‘The Creation of Woman man: ene cody Ruy «pone i Ba snl Poe esr wr haan ing be woman we how cond utadbon ts pte? Wih fio einen wee my ac hana of wom by AF ea ae ear xrnon oe wd he Soe SE ee metre oe rd a rch Pa ee i Gea whch ste wo) tie caer sm nr hana bag ppd Gt a ere pace wen ek cpa pc REE ech a he on he oe ne acim oc toperat wc nee med nd Seeing wana en? Woman ot ee aca ft myat ign ith de ner SEEN ween enh ptr ne o el ck SORT ete Tie compen tie ole SSUES ceca nacre see ceed be TEL ches nth em sew nme of mre Sivefatnan se am mae fe se ne SO Spann cm nrc we bor nt baa ote SESS Sn heybeome anton ae hha ce Sens mc wks roa elt ne: Bute 0 hele ap cl frm Sarge at Po ST tect pe om a of le te ee pce seme Papa rk a SSEGrottn in Gens doc yc ofan oe ain PES talon ean mys np SSE SSS Nowoer mn se orb pose cee aon mmplng ei 2am She hata Set tae” “On i Some ne el TEATS i saa vag inal eh of he Se ts cep women ee wom, with 0 See Tey aod caecum Wanan' eel te SEES ew atin penn yh sed by Genes ‘pte nh tae tc eG, he “Ee om Pome Stan, bt woman Hel Unite enna ‘At Lat, Born Morel 7 Hepat, aninated aie in which dhe aromatonrembls the vig, woman ives by being a ariice™ ‘Comequeney i snd hugh her, dy is reinmodiced toe sun, Not aly does the adon of thi upar to de human ace Inve the ic of cating im vo, but woman hema a mitre, 20 ong othe toy he Wonks nd Dye (4-10), which parallel hat ofthe Thagory without yng encly the nine thing, Made of exh tnd water, woman combina "he voice and szength af haman bess” “tne beat form of 2 ovely mien, in he kage ofthe sere golden” (61-4) sad “the mind of bich” (67. This before Hesiod, [ber on in the poe, ives hea womb. ‘Bat die womb his fom thea on ee fnction of reprodicing ie mankind Here sain we find, even more aut, the easion between ovgin and ‘he tne of men. ies dl to proce fom the bh ofthe aes to human ccs of geneation, bow cn ving aie aime the fane~ fon of fg? Hesiod resoles the ditiealy by mess of 2 moan: ‘woman rcivs the mame of Pando, and iti sgnfcant that, even ‘he poet madd the mcm by inventing + new eymology (80-8 “he ‘who ls he gi ofa), et wos ako one of he epee of Eat (be ‘who giver?) But woald be hy simply 9 cancade om thi dat “orl Pandora ic ont the eewponion ofthe anh Mert the Jnunao ode" i would ber forget for example that a Gres my ‘eal tration, a lest a erable nour tex, here ino ee a= tockthonoot worn t be found. Nevrthlen, woman hed vo sume ‘whit ad ben the fantion of dhe cath. Hee in their own Eh fon on the nnge rlaontp tas cxalshed is Pando beeween fer and sae, Athenian pote abo succumbed tthe dese © ‘confound arth Mother and ar Cy cup ithe Bish Maseam stows Athena snd Heobitosocupied wih fale Fit, sae, of stoma, aif dol to whom the salptor hs cual given the ‘ame of Antsdor, another sual appliton of te Ea Mother, But inversely on an OsforlKater, a pled fof named Pando rie ot ofthe earth sede ready or marage... "Do we have her ats this ‘sdithonou womat? Those who aere © the mata thes, who recoyize hypoaa ofthe Barth Mother never ele fie ae of| ‘couse enulan. Others marvel, or sce this conesnination berwees andor and Pander the double mate of woman8 Hom ofthe Fart ivi cl aman nt of imag, hig 6 «BE nc RES tc ae, he Thor he onion Eke nn cons al mbgy, To her cae te eal ct SERGE Goo thus Be hen depating te fa women he wegen wh ser ay one hd eey gt in expt Eta he onl woman the mother of up de wpe SC ee us eer women. AS abe ae ld oy esc me Write tual wr were repens oe TENA nt mf Aton renewed y Fae mae erm SR meal te me Bors he nth Genii Seas er ceptee tng ferme wi enpoanly fg het2 SERIE tome torn forthe on™ No debe i eee Sanya te word gs esd si Peo, which Pe aly wel wo egg sere gender ot ht OS SCRESET Sentry Bu ew nore ee an rion of sa pore Bon oe neo fom two? “sth ae Boe Fe ard e oer Wa the two vin formed COGIREE zebra th Grek theme the rob des eee em lowing theming of vex): how ce men 2S iy en sd women wh ae Waly women be bon fom 2 TROFLINY atatone alow thew emit nd eae? ‘Sodhow cn the oe een om te 0? The equine wich Ane Sit docon, com pst and tgein tos eS cae axcen oie Bx the mys th gtd eh ‘dun usuica wens ng dtr mine wey doe SEE Een tees coeg enon snc. The thane spas ony ceaon mye ted reac an tones Chott” ong es TESST Phy of ren the bang of and oe Goes atin tna word ote tne “Tota to andes hs tine ing the ten in ts ci ese: andes, an ascnbly of whom conte dhe city (li) according w » Gree ‘Sage re al, selene Fach iy has 9 "fist ma” a meson, ‘ebro poisel eo, bom fhe eth ike Hsctho= ‘Sono Atheca, of iver BkePhoroncs of Argos, ox mais sch a [Anlirenes of Voeats, ot bors om the union of god and either» ‘poral woman ot nymph the Ads the eponymos hero ofthe Arc ALL Bor Moral 9 ans, we the som of Zeus and the syph Calli, an Pelegs the son ‘of Zou and he moral Niche. Moreover, dee were mil stances ‘of comamination between thee dificest origi te motoconoes [Eacthowior could slo prope be led “son ofthe god" and Atbe~ isn eon ws fn of hs asious de, which was extended tothe ‘role commit fends Anat Hkewie Pelgo he om of Zs ‘wat in another vesion of the mh "Tk a god, he whom the Black ‘ct bore in the ort heights of the mosis hae there mig be 1 moral sie." Phoroets, sometimes 500 ofthe sve Inachos alone, ermeéns Son of nachos and Mel, as the “fie ma,” the “her of| mec me.” ‘Nisctent-cenary Geman scholnhip stamped ro derive thee make legends fom single myth 2 cretion myth common toa ‘Geel and which ac cy presented in mm loa orm: men bors ‘ft Earth o he union ofthe ah and Sky (Zea epreering ‘Sky sa each of hie comors the Eas Meter of which she would be merely an indvdoalizediyposass* Bu beyond the fc hat Ue testone edacoor 2g empitrna tory generally oreo ‘Be specie tin of ach rato each ge, vie or tan (Zeus isnot the Sky, Deseo cannot be roluced to Zeus noe Pyrat the tod Eat the Bre of Phoroneu, Sze fell oii ike ht wc, Zeus vometimes ges the tops of ah wees” should no be confed ‘vith tat which Prometheus tle for ne, nor with dn wil burs Inthe forge of Hepainoe, “Sher” ofthe Athenians), ts poor method ye osc to recs he aga, i pe, uit as, To forall ame, conse wo be exresied Uwough fagnent of dix ‘count, scent ence ofa pandign that his dsppcared Tao hat each cy wiser wo tl in i own wy the Hoy ofthe bith ofthe fat an. Every foundation myth ine concemod wth o- valing 2 verson ofthe begining of humaaking dan with posting Ube niga noilty of under. as Erechthei, the atochthonoas “Anetns iked o remember tat the pale of Erechess was a the temple of Athem descents of Ploy the Pelagians were the se inhabitants of the Peloponnes. No doube such anne ried the ‘problem ofthe paige to the human: xchotios or Phorones ni ted the tine of human history fo the Atheian or Arie ty, whieh rember of Athens lan wu the Rt of te nbs Abn? How could the son of nachos bring an ed he penal rm wich the ne10 Bom the ict snakes of Argoe wee th Rivers? Ze the mos fegent "ithe fnnond tory, which lade sme to ake the Homese expresion vals ther of gos and men” eral, wheres perhaps there oni “sary tela. Yor the problem remain what mikes he 00 aud he Sama? lo Ge the poe were Hite oid with (hs gueton, The important hing war atthe eponymons spear was [Ely hema and of pesos bara the ene sine. Tis the present und i jaenion ina pnelogy Bat atached ito the ei ime, tna poss om the aeinis pei he ft ogographrs (an magia Sree, emblbed thee ancient hisres"—quns-hiorcs of dhe ‘ioe oreven ofthe Greek peopl, which the Penance tacos Tee to Phoroneas or Pligos andthe Helles to Devcon “Jeomeen cach ofthe "ft men” of mirelos bi divine = ‘gad the er ofthe fin men wich came fo te eth oF Wee eee Uy the gus ait devlps, the sme Hat spaces ind [Bom spac, te ame fom anonymity. In the Greek myth hee 20 (Eoean ancoenr of humankind who receives a wane, evn that of Man Uke Adam in Gene, Sead every ancestor of heroic ine or “mnie chat by the mae which he eas, and which he ‘Gummi, Ia one way or athe, to hs decenns, Thos és the ‘aonb all Ateuinn ze Breeds, and one ofthe ten ees dha ‘arena the vie dy of ens was ared Fes i ao he ‘Ripe cleboed the memory fhe Ss cy founded by Phorones— the att Phron™ “Corin ex qf Pegs oe Phones “st man” ite hip), Ave we then to concade ar by aning Sata prion = aaron cy dame ie boner faving gien bh to mankind, ke thos peoples who nue themselves en, sowing by this atm ‘bai cyer tne een stots of humanity diappess when one goer beyond the nts of he goup"” Cerin the ssi of the Greek Pac wel a the vay ove pig che hem apt oe 22 ahr peed thm in ht dction Ths Argo made Phorones 3 fining heres wh, by gathering men oc sy, ist ended hse dpe thos hls the Aries wets fir 8 ste that was Phoneus and not Promsheas who ave fie fo huang. Bot n= ‘Ger mods preemiats in Aen, where by eburingto heme Satccvely the annchthony of Erichhonio, che cizes thooght of henselae and fremont 8 exemplary aes ising om a ch ‘At Lat, Bom Moral 1 shih ea os, wt nt ie te ‘Geir wameced eh te fi aman nn) oer pcs api oe mony ms tote in ter ped tora inte anon erent oro in te onion myth er ya Ape yh cootg eo tons bet tao sun te pus exces te comet fn Seo in whch he Gc se peop he yi ots ot wedi apt nc re i nt oe Fre Siemon ite sey pst “Te ar hepsi Sil yt eof Devon a rate So retina an Oca of Paes el Deco sed hier or con yo, hr ft ed Padre ‘hon te aye Zea ula oe fwd at ham (os Cong to me enon aint the ct of bn), Deveson ad yo ok eg ns ln) deed ecb Se gon the wae ie day When hey fly nde on sd iovnd, Zur ted Desc wer el rel + Sic When Devan i tats bene nce meres ho ‘nin isto fom snes whch ogi cose row ove ie Soules thy wuch tech, Det ne been en dow ofa bcone women Las Devcon and ya han hl then one fw i ele, the scoor ofa he Gents “iu mythos in plore 72) wee he tin reason fs beg, sinc yas ucts a ie we ‘ikea xp ibs in hi oy in tn ro {nin go many song ofthe Greek rope hi seston cin mi nao at oe srr The et ems th al sna fe on at Shr mh osbow «commen ong, re hile ining. ech fr ‘Shoe, te hoor fig oe day ead Dwraon, ie ‘edad nd cr eo neo md lee” Tow ean eee ofan ef ga? By sing atthe Logon, wich actly ot + bing ba nce nt ‘Sconmentent he ad been end ee wee no mp ro Songer enoug) Therefore maser wat bor (recor): Barn om2 Bom ofthe Bath deh Gurey ls 2 Gresk Ak, being a ches, won ve much to do with mas bird a rt is ea?) ot fom sone which i he ‘eon hing we accept uring ooe begin co deat" Thexe= fer only the generive eee can (commence, with Helles, hero funder oft aus ce. On the ose hand men of one 30 = Imag wor-game ienes fn, peopl, and as, tones on he (Mes stan wndeemined iter me, en, the cre of men: But shen eho havea ancestors Prometics the go-beeween and dhe fis oman, Here the confson of ong tess othe ft eh my Tien an overetermination of cone ingest round, the ones become men. By metaon or by fx~ anon? Accoeling tothe Ltn version ofthe story n Ovid ones Geshe bones of the Eath, the wnivenal Grex Mother, and thas te ‘Each wa nsriated by Bel che same bythe se. Aad once more Je tne dt the ame engender th tame Devon produced andes th Py women: wou vera asin the sepa yt paral es opodaced taco eich fo eat, unalayed OF couse Dexalion ‘El pyeta tad pene bene the geneive cle had cai aly ‘on Bat she Engle mectanians of ie proces seem bane sichiy (ese tae Tis te dat the mother of Py wa ced Pads, (EG ca ner she elaton betwee woman andthe eat int single ‘ne. Encouegd to recogze no otber mother dan the exh De (Boe and Pye spent nite tha the aval of woman was al fOr Shang. Yer the cresnon of Pandora was not pine, even fo de ed eer From now en th exitene of woman is icwete, anda (de end of is sis of fie sans, mes and women come together asd ‘poste, juts Deuron and Pyehs, lio, site to produce descea- “ans Here the tytn en: evereing begins, nothing re 1 “Srcompaning does many Grek qoetons oan, che myth of ‘Deweton is exerpingy fru. Which docs nor mean, however, Ha We loc penning the Gros nth of oni in exe most ofthe Greek poet, Deveson only + e268 and notte St man For each pol al kas aleady beg. cuarren 2 ‘The Benefits of Autochthony For Joachim Fors god ending, one nee god begining. ei impor 0 ‘eg well, erase of course the main thing it consnue well—this is sosyeing) Soc ithe impliot bora power rle tht commit Saxo t ey by eligi sory el, to other, Foner ‘osld low. More thn ny ther communtiy, the city ats of ‘Gene Groce respected his rae, becae they were ou to endow the ‘eves with an exemplay history. There iso iy, howerer mince, ‘at doe not bos a oe having sent a amy tthe Trojan War But ‘more than al the oken, Ahem ited ths aw and Saher pect ‘el or rater comme on i “itis aceary to have begun well” ‘mess hat wha seamed fom generon to generation ome {Bing one ha alae ad “To tho who wish 0 study the sete developed by a group of people fr the idedizaion of thee Yalue waniuted over Gime, a2 ‘dey dough ancient Greer and paral hough Athens sald ‘roe nrutv, I woul! Hee wo nie om chi dywey the reader on ‘ened with the preset, so chat by playing with his dance he o he smighe rr co the present amed with words rom the pst. A Rhetoric of Tansmison. Here, chen, i the Greet of the pole, 2 satered callection of ‘eis, sch anu tlhe toy of erga a wel pose. There ‘were tis a eons which took pre in having been founded or cx- 014 Born ofthe Earth ied by retiring fom a who ws ek fo see the und tb ced Hin. Thon de Peloomne PS fom Poop ie Pampen nd Phomcin Kaos Side Teno fon eye ves ope rte resign of he sy ese FEST eeu socntoooe bro, tom fom th ca le ‘eda ec th en ad Ak ant A= tote tom en ho A, So avn spe Tilman whch he oo POEL te Keine he Powticin wee fond te oy 5th set, ihre Yao waa Tein pe tae Spr (eS). The howe [OSES ear tag on ote, a cacy feng he Tce he wo nc) Tovah ie enantio beeen ae 90 97 seining none onc exc, inte fing aoe ote SSEDPsimay ate pol cic the mer na” me mre Hee, douse of he Rtn Ths x It wis ina te Pep, he iorsn Recs = GE Eiguhe hse “eying io Be sme ple” ing ve elacuceer# aacibortas fom he ot wh econ ‘Sapo et ded popes arena raters rpotns erent priate ee one =o Bat utohthony mus be ead, Exymolgiily onthe fist nce tor horn fom te ol atoctonous he whose aval esblae cy THE ad egimats the lik between the people and thei and. One fa ther azp and the stochthoy ofthe ancestor, amie by tion, orn fini, Lana, Te Cen fA 8 3 ‘The Bene of Astockthony 15, exes all his descends, Historians take wot of thi exension, 2 the same ime employing the word subject to two conditions: When it oocems » people, atochibony chancenas the sic ronip sich, rm the beginning and uniter, takes them tod ind. Thor Aran and Cynara ile suocbthonos bec, Sith to cher anes, they “sayed in the same place” Bat out of Heron sauament a econd criterion emerges, ipl bat pee five which add the wanemision ofthe wo ht of meron. Ks well ‘to ace dhe nd, bt even beter to mana the atocehono = ‘ion, tore wo sng the Gta ind he pee the ine ‘fergie, Heredoun by menoaing firther on int Ge Cons wee ‘aurly“easfomned sto Dorn” dcr rjc the Cyr = techthony whose ate i tthe wry lent, relive by aiatin 0 ‘he Dorn invader. There ein the Acca, who done mere he ti of ution Gn took two ofthe Hiri they ae ale the ay people characterized ash) and the Grek eader needed 0 ar ther detain onder to undertad tat the never-ending stag with ‘pra hd i immenorl foundsGon in the opposition between 2a ‘odhones aed immigaat Doss. Inte disoably mtr and po- Til conics dha evenly pte de Geek pole agin one other, foundation mh wasan mprtnt wepon nd Gom the pin of view ‘ofthe atechtoots mon, the Doria myth of he ear of he Som ‘of Hencles,enblemat of Spa maozal pide, eae the ior) of ‘5 mmigation on inesin.” Tews abo undoubedly spins Spara thatthe exis wicked thei ntochthonows eaon throughout the ith ceomy. Heodous, ‘the ober hand wanted noting do wit his oli war pr ‘eg maar entice, an ini ior ofthe Persian Wat the Ate ‘sans ll ital aie ofthe Doran iy, hae onl the Barbarian 3 ‘enary and ape sutochthony merely #0 apport their csi t0 56 secondia command ofthe Greskcoaliton, which wat ed by Spr ‘Tae they rejected the demand ofthe tyrant of Sac who waked tee” potion: “[We wl acyl command of te lee to the Sy casa. who repeat the ada people of Gece and who alone ttsong the Greeks have not moved "(36 ‘Arcdias, Aden, wo cman to te ele ofthe ale people ‘of Gree: thi one aochihone too msn. It only neal th ‘ook ten ef the Hios Athenians and Aras shoal wae fer the ce-16 Bornofthe Bath ond place of honor bere the bine of Paes. Leasing side hioral Cones, ee rear to les of nga being mil ht ‘Sey. fre Gece com ig mae et an is Tor nothing beter eve he nee of the pee ‘Zones a begining, hetory of he eto mes of Greece: or the seat thre someting Eke» Brown motion around zee two ised om hich re Athens and Areas Lets rev chapter tno of Book, Be the Fry oft Peon War in Thucydides ain is re {rector Herdots the dominant mode of repent for senking eign ws duordeed hidhe-and-ther of people in ech of ind: "What uo eld Greece was not fomntyibsbited with ny ‘ana ter at emigaton fon the exo tmes, and eveyone et {her home ely ander pre fo rcurstance) (0.2) Tn sor be ne ne Thcydes wat convince, inthis cay peiodnexd was he EEE mover of peoples the iaabitans of the best nds shied on ‘uous sod war alee conics, “Thus Tsay and Boot, the (Gunter pa he Ploponsse mins Arcs in geera the mor Esinble nds 1" 2) Turtermore, dre was Athens with autochthony, The ont “rhcpdes asi eager employ 2 word nbd wi the nyhi- Ct reprenution of ind ging bith ro min fr Athens 2 or Arc ‘Gn Merrie, ete dsinultd Bebind the theory of ogi need, {tim tee panes proper aohiony which on i the popsiionwhercn jut He ee Arcadian of Herds, the Ahe- acral by permanent oespaon of theirs: “At any rte At ‘ena Br bck sce gue, oe ack of neal ay aid ‘pnd inhale same" (2). "Aas same" ‘Bosca precoalythe won Pericles employs the beaning of is ie tera ration hea of the Peloponnesian Wat, wher he delves he ‘Rijn cology on Ania azecthony. This snot suprising ‘a Thurpdes who i speaking droogh Pesce, restating (som ‘rting the theo the reese “Orland always he ‘Ete peopl having bved here genetion upon gsteraon, ou ae Mn bended down ow by tet own meri, ee unl 20” (2363), “Once apis na enable dspcement, te end tls the ory of che boing, he comin oception of Athenian ol permanence ‘tah same within the sane, eaances urocbonos cg c¥en Whi apg > prove ie Hire the rader may ae ifthe end ais the be ‘The Bene of Autochthony 17 ‘ein, coainty of nmin ows egicy of roueio, stat lnppem he tpl seer whey i ode conor oe ‘but St ave begun Tote cst oft dau cope ‘i wich ye exe ang pe el ed te pe ‘cling Aen led ome, Aten se hone ‘este (vita nt inulaneoy) seeded se vo reo of he Sttcthonos tg: nthe Sine oson he east ae, Lp eg wit Ge fepanig “The ong of ot exece bed on {pi on acon we ke mot mon cl of eos every ong iy reo cael ode Ye Sci nd er, socom they seq none iat 3 tote an axa) Det fener rvened ad a ‘ne comien th cnn offen cio ov tine ve am ‘eed ht forsee th coe in Got he eben of {ecthny wa he ity o ain al eesy heeding aby ‘Aman vay cooly ecw fom eso eh Sen Bae peg esa hi i he ‘moa neta, oil acne gern bese pen Coedny cine though the cettrion ef secon Ge Sed in pepo rerio of engi, ors pcp, wich cbr nent in ech netic, eto ied he won ay “Ee fe |. whch cons i out cd in he sam fhe eve ew They epee hat “ee Ae posi en nt ieee: he deo mace bth eign he pent en (he paag ie, the ence eva genet techni. Refeing o the sion of abe a wth rey eae ‘cing ew maga pong ov the pli Ke of he ol oe nes ng eo ay" a iW be evel scommcicenen of cre wo css th opts vain ce the cy conned ow ey pe sere sore an bond he vey fs Tew "in he pony eA a evel sta pormene of te tae, ation cook wel tae ben the Attn repo fo 2 gucon wach rs cnaly ‘ahd byte Grek poe, andich teen lhe fo ener the philowpher Artode rpetly formule in book three of is Poe18 Bom ofthe Bath sienna fr acy aves sng eo) oc ny Th eke guenone wich atm a aoe bene f 16 P seem pon bt ame er, sw A Tene te les of eae ace el cy ema he re once cota accom fet and deny.) ‘Rowan pong the ime dept the comin ax of ie WE “Tick coe and? Or sl we tat alboogh the popaton > Tani he ine, he ye? Ls than convinced by the charms fale, he Atheist he Te Reman ofthe problems bot he test of Ato 8 precious TBtace fru in tat tees 2 ain which snd al paso ‘Ferdupmen of astcithony: gers bith bt abo “neat,” SR pean ace” Moving beyond waitons wich mabe 2p Troe nhs hey dating mesnings wich the Gesk werd uni, tre should ake lve ok tgs. \Vasition on the Adhenian “Family With gems, meaphysce kappeas, and witos fer digie dacoune or exchsioncmengs beteat he celeron of rg chy ae rm another howe ever eign ove the ty. except om the week ofthe noble Erehtheds [. J? wrote Earp (he goo) The sock of the Erecei i the geo spay fom tout, dhe sls eid fhe Athcian oi bin bing thw othe women of Abns, Earp tanposc a cose deat eit Comemporaes ino the remote petod of the mma! ling. ray roping he gi ofthe Hreaeie by "de atocthonoes Jeon, or fmous Aer,” nvoked inthe very begining of he sme Peery eu the pao rbtrcin which Athletes {hep thelr honor—comsitued aol and nique gems “hi soechdhonn the chiens of ens were according 0 Pato “all trots nd fom se same mother” A large fly, One onene made vernon of cgay os egy fo the dead by efi wo ef f0 cea Bye” which wa fie aan of ploning the Abe ‘Gan pom ap moreover of const t wih al other Peoples “The Benefix of Autockthony 39 ene amume the tak felting ter poptons which, coming Small ove ae cole ino ig cy and kai nging ech node commany he racers i fh ce (en) a Ssinded neces orth eneogy ofeach, an by aD shen coe spas of Albena, who, om ofthe ome sl fo Tectonic biz neque my {omy mind npr sees of mie (Hype: Pred nai 7) Ainge geo dhen,bt of pre race. A gen commensurate with he pula of show emben equal snr the ably proper arito- ttc to. “According to the need ofthe moment, the dicoune of secon privileges one theme or the other Tha of perce, fr example. Par fying the paste prow of dhe Ser eranon, Pt ite in che [Movetme o wha lowe Athent to be Greek, oppoved t all che ther Gress, who ae of med Hood snd for whom Helles s ‘merely a veneeconceig a barbarian exence: We ves naa aed fhe Bain, becase we py Grek sd witout Bubs aire, We ono ae Pope Kade, TT Tor sy other, Barn by ste, Gres yw, (le br bya hing ‘much for the Ploponaan hero and the founder of Thebes: x0 ich for Peloponnesine snd Thebans. Now the grater en er 1 ‘Athenians ‘We ae Gels wthow alice wit Bri lod, whence he ie ha Gr eign which inl moar sed “The rade who isperpened by sue atone shouldbe sae that is canton sein beligerent ha fice ily snerlKncion, thar of enforcing Akeian nari. Fathennore his tox 3 fa fiche, which Peto slows half fe wein Te falows never ‘Hat scal fener onaons would 198 hive employed findumenaly30 Bors ofthe Bath ice language, and that more than once anton were con= ec rsh Tieton or Peloponnesian “iunigrans""Euspdes bas 2 ‘Feasting anne fr natrnon san Athenian, sy he fe Siney sey Ua he sutocrhooovs and goss people of Aen ae fat gem) which wat not ppsted butter hat T ve landed Sfuctod naka swofld ev, bring boc the son of an Studer and apes Gip-soa). Things il rn ove wel, since the bard ar up bog a pure Erechbeid But dings mig have tured out Sy Rey, becuse dramatic ton snfies words wih 3 diieting ‘scey ‘Goce agin ti cceay forthe sede o gu! gin the l-too- xy senpanion to asimilat, which graf dubtit modem doles Sib etek dacoune. For if Athens pati Hesse ghnfes the essen he appeoinate nation ofthis word ee,” dos not ‘Btow neccamiy that th lorfiaton accompnied 3 pobcy of cia (Greoudnation Coily de astochbory there ands anger the modern car but hisrins of Greece know that he pay of iia ‘Sake specie f thir object il apes. No only was no cw ‘Siete bythe Athenians in be mane of mctshony, but xenopbobi Sie cely » Spann peace, Ide prized in the democracy of TR, hereby al econ strangers were beter rested tan i aby ‘Bhor coin Gre. Ceiny the oppotion of pure gem. here. Se Slloune of excision ban opposition that served to exabl Tazeshpand Grek citorip was tse on exclaon,Keping the Stanger en the maga ofthe iy. A samber of Grek cen ce new degre fishy here swe uv” ees who had acces «he magia, nd those ‘Sho, doomed to abortion, were cizns in name ony. This was Toplecdancton wich gave Aside pac? and which was un- {Gown in Athen, where all izes pnicpatd equa n cul iis ‘hich dcnguched theme He Ron resident oreigaen inetd o- Ely bo not polly. Through atochthony, Athens widened he (Gucvcn Garr berwoen ther sen and at ofthe ts fonly Ate vans guild the ight o hee of ciizers bcos they were ft of th oil gon he Sal aa there were no eens eee Atkenschowhete foregaem wee within the cy, and te ie ‘SPanen lel meaning, Thi souearng cere never ceed tobe ‘The Benes of Astochthony 22 sctvted in Ahenan consciousness by ofl Hho, snd even tag dy comzuted vo this deologialopeaton. Lt ws examine an ort ‘el pesiod lowed by a tage monologe: “They slone weit i hich the were born a ich they ve et other Ince cnet oe ated be eg, father men wo cnet naa ote cy a who are empire tes, compel to noted cle, hey a legate ec fhe tnd (Denes Fm! Ont) We th ey poner a? people at no igen om ‘het: we we shoes Other i made pf dete teat Be Taps hows of he eae pope by a nore fom ever at whore ley olive inner ke puch ina wooden fan es ze name, ot i Earp: Beto, ane in Lois sot Len 10) Adopechithen, ex: eer Greks ar quite unforsnite, Bot once gsi it rp to Pato arodying the ficial retro put things ina len igh, by arcing the Atbnian woed fr eset freien fe everybere ce thee ae only Mens inthe gus fens ‘Tiegod bat ogi thie heed i ie xg four ance, who, tnd eign od mgt deen Mes the coy ow they themes ae ate, wee seochbone rally sd ny fbiing th Ebon na then bys nepmotieeba by be th, he mote (isco 2376) “Through ht pilnopbieal wordplay Pato reves another benoit of spc, ann min ee B ting ec of nv were cllecey able fo amare the nobly that sods «good Ui (gu) With one word, democratic Aliens annexed the vee ‘ofthe aren In the cape the not to-ditant ine athe en fe sth ‘enary when the err Clones hal erpnzeé the democracy ‘Seough fon of peopl,” dough the integason of foreigners and2 Bomofthe Bath ‘Mice nto the ib, was well and rly forgot the ste was Tou wl blnced, and there were 0 fong:cem concerns ove the TRtumey ofthe new cizes Ado orgoten wa the tory ofthe wet ‘eho, tho peed themsivs aa te remember by Heroes on Pretigou og ens, Ache end ofthe is ary, nly Thuy lg popone # heeradox haory of he constion of the Athenian Gown bose he died the enbelishnensofthetois: "Deven out of veces Geek ration by wo intra svey, the wedi ame fo ‘bens nsec of ble ete: hey Beeame citizens nd ft = eel he popeition ofthe cy om ancient times” (1.2.0, tached (Eiheseuuh of thingy Thcyddes hough aboot he Atheian pop Iiton in ter of quay: ucosve cements nected the muber (pty fchizes Oil etre wanted moshing odo with his a= sartpy sad jected gan infor of quality the watchword was the ‘nutoion of Aden with nied gos, of te Aenin pence with sotociony, and, trough atocktbony, of democracy with huts Thi tendency, cberble sever feral ostomy, s reveed {By Pat ge agi) in alt ipo: Cece contd by paloma ee on ad frm of omy eames) ‘So ar nothing but the deperiely epee: But eng thr oc ne teste iegey fete ovenennsyany ad (pedo nce ve de al amber opting eo res ‘Site sy coming he thers mse ‘Somch for Sparta, or Thebes, for olgarchies an anes (and al he tore for thse ties whch, without being Ans, imagine hem ‘ehesta be democae), Hete now is tes We and ound bats torn fhe ame te eve cee Ae mer sues oor ses of chee aber ty of 06 ‘deg etebd by ae el ut ep ey Gs i) bled (nema a863399) “The Bene of Auochony 23 Far on sl he phloopher ly at ising Athens tan rintocacy ofmest. And hte we hive al authense nail ker age a de Inocrcy ci pica egal im Aen reinfrcs she aatrl” ny ofthe os. ‘Of cone ti ashing be fay. Or more pec, the retarie oor ainguistic operon, highly sscenfl no a comtbutes ‘oar democracy. n the Grek word of epi ia which l= icy his power ofthe few—domiasts, a which mentals ae esminerty imbued wit arsocrie ake, the Athenian pine ian ‘replon. An exception verted exter ins dy ar without stage Ind who adress, merous ale an outside Ades, would ew {i Bl with immene plane. Therefie ts necesry to negate, ‘ren idelogcaly in order concite democrac osgaliy ata ‘Gon dae The mp ef ochony seve a form fo se iganton Reference o good chance in ance Gree the Facce [fine arzocae endowed with good charter deriving fom noble bts engeo) Aberin con fore (hile eying the ae tet vei ingots) hat thi democratic reine a istoaly dated conquest Democracy? A my lie (On the Ganor of Autochthony and of Women tn this atzactive wep oa pont remsing obscure The Athenian es cmpoed of brothel fom the sme mother. Where then the place of worn in ths imagined Atheian fy? "To ewe ths qstion Wwe wil begin with» ourey oui ent in eth of he moe wipe Greek ration concern the other sex The exence of women not problematic a Athens alone 50 ineach ofthe ‘mo’ cube” at were he Greek ples, whee the oly laze were male and where worn’ eat, fapdsncat and a the tame cnet nite, was prey repro A progenitor of ale Chien, woman povided her hand wath sos, perpetaig ifr iy and te pot woth sizer, fo 38 ow poses, Without i other, {his woman thre wat no pa, beense there was no warsmision fom ‘he ae e he sie. And yet im the Geek imaginary she was il 23 fet and in an suchoave mit Hod asocted the cexion of he24 Bom ofthe Fart, Sin woe with man's a) covery of is moral condone ty sa seperation om the gods. The fc wom ab moter of hes mankind? Nor exci, ance to tke the txt Ie, she engeodered aly he “ne (gens) of women” Yer puter meaning of mw de ue sender No doubt, except itn the Hesiod poem theres 00 Reon of prof men” snd Grek dition 2 whole prety ‘RSet dhe ane sence it were beter to bandos the ami of ‘Jomo ence ad orl oi wm enone. Naturally was nce Ty dae they beat son tht were ike the fiers sachs the detion of oadoci oder nal eter But tere of my thovebt rec, ‘es with fon of wed dg, perl to impos women ‘Tow awe prepared to eed, petapy even reproduce in coved EIR fui operon of the mascaine iagnary, heating de fa for the inverted atay—varly the ue one—ol 2 reproduction ‘which in thee would ave Bo acd of women Th dis regu the sp of sutocony provied the men of Athens with an sisintie toupinatveslion fx tenn of exign. The fst Tan wa not bor rom the union of he sexes, bat om he dix Jron. The soy is qi od, fire: Hepbsios the erafaran eb eonceved one dy a dese fr the vargin Athens ides of Aeon ‘Bch munagng to este ie puna abe tyes on the gro the it Ukaecl which he wed 0 wie the ges semen of her Ig, Tha = {Gat the anh poduced the infoe xchonis. | wi pas ove tbe ‘hulle plications of thi lo for Ateain views of Bish, merely ‘Pong ot hat the Ean Mother rived enn, i he ack of me, tom the oer ex ands reproductive fnetion* "A single mother, anesie tthe unin of the exes 2 range He ste dt erie ie roc Chane her onthe deena ‘titichhonlos achieve «double gol: the iden at inerchangesbe linens, and the symbolic exon of Athenian mother fom the nodal cy and fiom ofl douse. A singe mothe, serving the ‘hc of the fathers he highest exresin of this selon of ate Sty» found in the Kier orton of Demoubenes (a pra of te (ead of Cerone i 32 Anta irk ad at of he ae ase ca Be bee ck no only ooo er, ue ao calerne foe cg ae of wom they recast he ahthoow ‘The Benefis of Astodbous 35 ‘One ther foreach, and foal callectvely, one moter The prob- lem it thatthe Exch Mother has dsppeare alongwith the word “moth” Abenans were he 108 of hi fund par). The en nie th interne roeted ie ae, and patemiy controled the spies om al sider One mig objec that he eaiy of oie Prac tice would ave proigoed Aberin spi uch patel exces fos the ie of Pei one iw defined he zen a Use 00 of P= fst who over Both Adheian “zen” Yee wa ey €0 NOM lite thi eon in vor of urine decent: the wee a6 ale ‘Suen aly Athenian women who were daghles and wits of ete en To rove women fom the dicoune, the oil oe ofthe pul reed lite imapiaton Indeed reproduction ofthe Athenian esd at all ous to be accomplished inte domain ofthe same etka we ae now equipped t© undentnd slat amr of the wor “atocthons” th tie Come, ot eat sggeed by ered In he Lisa, which seta the mide ofthe Peloponnesian Wa, ‘Ainopancs has the women of Athens and Sparta sor eo eke ction, ‘woldng sexual iors i rdf force het bane, Athenian and Sputan to make peace The question x why the Athenian repre ret athe ead ofthe play ae grotd in the name of sorter ‘ea thy sin reat ate ro negorite: “Tee oo satocbopen sho sing Like wrest thee coat are ped over tei omach. het ‘ler apparent ‘ahese? (ro8 1085), (Ofc all Athenians ae suochhoncs moreover, these particular ‘ones te mane bythe poe ut aly does Arstophanesexly “lsat Aestane with the ently le of atacaones, ad esa Ison ie fom egie,snce, dept a hee elo, the Athenian represses cam huey conceal he Sct that, ke thei “ser” He- sion, they ar ery othe mos mperive of eens. Thi pr (inl the force of the comedy acting the otenrtious ity a ‘woot inal the dcounes on aueochhony tough the dancing eee lngiter.“Autodhtione” appeam on another oceaon in Arsto- hanes, charged wit the mie ional vile cooraton, sx atage {nthe Hage whic iumines the meaning ofthe comely Reed on lic fi, the od men of Athens lly indulge i he procera tines which conte te sv fice af judge; thet peeishnes nd sly cam them he chancerzton of wasps Whe dhe wa26 Bom ofthe Bate low, suddenly waning ye, sing ofthe stent tht hs ef hem, {hey doe the tf ooe a you spect, sng mek this tose me ded wp ad wooo what xt "nge” iin, Il aly info ‘boven he be el ow We ce we ho wer it 3 only on orc he ony en of Ares who ely of ee fread uence eve ee was os end ‘hc nay good fies bee whe he atari ae (corte feds bay necery to conchae, ike the old men, sat “aon i more wire dan am Ati wap ei evident that Atheist spectator fad long undentood this senatomed they were pra ofthe Ate Sho pale which asocted stohehony with audi, signing Comage well il, Conduting this vorage though the tetorc of autohtiony on pot flair [woul ket sages that nog the avantge of tocithoay fr Aden, anon-negigsblecompoarot wa no doubt the sure ofthe dscouse, male by an aca se of is ple. "This moc to deny the primary benefits of auetony. To celebrate he Athi i ad he tin fhe fom 2utochboneu ‘ng own othe prea an peer, ensure at there will en sects gunrance of try fhe pois agua thew of the fine of min. The Gres knew too wl tat ll reproduction has i umerar in death Cloijing the umacuste puri ofthe get ‘is eumerow gai th tes of hepsi] imagmary: the foands- on of democracy within org, dhe ete of partcising in. pls ‘which of al pon conf mot othe able Gres motel the ox Ulsion of al ae —that of the tanger, held in check athe het of “tice ples sll by de power speech, and tha of women abo hit (blematc hl of humanity edi aid he czeny beens hes rt reprodoc. "Thr th Aen cen Sins inl loos, conenpling is iy forthe ke of reamarance, sa econ lupe in he ganado the ther Because oven wl be sh i abtoctiony he alo Knows (hoses very Atbenin erence pint i the dscoune en thers ‘The Beuelis of Astocthoay 27 Avery Grek nyo als rng egy nse do- si be tag = eon dart ert Sona ope pp ly spare soe Ae ‘em mrimd ec tng ts ep ‘ations; they did not go to war in the name of their genes) a Tonge Xo ppl poston iin oe he see sooty ae hw take de Couns, nancy, yond a ee, owe a core uh,cuarren 3 ‘The Politics of Myth in Athens Let usmagoe ha pias een founded a group of items cebiated on in tert! What dhe wie legals os gent ‘ERE Dating the nw suc? Ihe flows Pao, he wil begin ebe- shes he wil ect myths {be witpesade dhe cn) at atl et ay were ed sad fae inthe bomen of the eth eases, fir weg ad ah hp th ar they were cel the ea, it ate, WE She ans as aw thy mare thee ty nai 9 hei oer heir nae, nd ee ack nd consider tthe ie ens at boen fom e th eters. (atte pub) “To cem me wing ie onc oft pp Cat "yn A ima Stace pel the sine opin en he ound plc eer Tae ate Lee trio oft We mar Cate ee al in ama opm a eet oat ef aie omc Ged) ae comune ofthe my oy wee Ba ‘SU.} ots ht ny yet oe ne b e e ae ee Ts pa tary me ey sy "Ping eve ofthe fiction ofthe fn nvenioe andthe problem of she ple iy let etn othe "el" eal polis with dhe to By ‘The Poles of Myth in Athens 29 ses and poial ie. Mich i ald het a wll: nce sory en (waved in ivi i, eepeued daly and inthe mow sbsrate dection, {ling leo rg or grounding the peer of the pole tht ml ‘form preence the we wil ny # mae within the poi «pesos, ‘foc privleged, cumple of te Grek poles of mh ‘A city, thn: Athens. A terior (bi), and men fade). A he center ofthe Hi, te urn suc, the phys lane of ce pncrated by shee sommis: the Acropain he Agora, the Ker Smsker—the hl of power and dhe aero, she plc se, the m= ‘onal cemecry. A commusiy of cians wiht wives (who at tied tothe mame of Aheians [Ata but nota fern), ad fo categories of monies, Mec an Save inte cic ie anda dynamic foreign policy dominated by an pein earch fo power, even mae than by «desi to expand ln Athens ain the other poles, the myth were concemed with oi tn hich wat neces loins the legendary cjle of atonal be ‘och uoolled ene f explo or oar in which iene a9 rcgrig of tes callie ener. "Two myth eo art with ‘The Conffonation of Athena and Poseidon, and the Myth of Exichthonioe| Fi, the quameling ofthe godt and is equ! A dvi of he pol, Athena rled over Athens fom the hoping he temple od ‘on the Acropels. From th Begining, more preity fn whe the ‘Ahern decided i or of Athena over Psion This took plc in ‘he dan period of he partoning of the dna mong the amoral ‘each gos expected to zee hie or er sare of moral hon and he ies of mea were fexelydapited In Atkene. theo, Poigon ad ‘Atena contont cach ober, The fst to amie in Ac, Powigon ‘aed ee Ekle) to pring up fom a hollow in the Acopo- i while Athena cused an oe ue shoot up or the seed rok Aju cout, eased by Ze oe conitted—aeady?—by A san, aed onthe dispute, Kelaop the st King balan, bale en, aeady man bur sl Unked othe monstrous eres of po30 Bor ofthe Bath mow Eat, wot wits (coming ta cen venoms, the sal ‘ator, Hic rected, Pcdon wa beaten in Athens tn Troezen, were Athen ripe, ad i Azgos of Delph wha he had (0 Slt Here and Apoll, Ths ben fr the Athen esate he ea of cision, And if at Atheas a scwhee, civiton and thea Caine power ofthe ander were sronymons, Abenian yt ste ths equivalence the ne, To choote Aten wart chose 2 Ware tiles avinginwihouta moter, bor of her who was bo the all ower her of god and men: Athen whove “est was lf De, hee in mariage” and who a the el of Oren, murderer of is mother Cems, pronounced heal” unecredy in Ever ofthe Tigh of te fier’ Wisi or jude, Kelzos war sho he inventor of | ‘monogamous mars be ended he dordered promiscuity ofthe sexs by insng panel decent. Finally one vant of the myth bed the rior of Athens on he ple ecaion of women: of a= ing roe te anger of Poseidon by voting fr the dauphee of Zeus ‘wile the men voted or dhe god, who war Daten 8 ue by 2 Se ‘oice—ce wonten outnumbered te men by onc—women were di pone fra time fn ay ower the pol The ey of men was ‘Bons the fie ely bon ancevor of te Atenas could ae “The myth of Exchthonor tl he ory of th Bt and ber the ‘iy into he ine omen Excthonie ws bom om Alsi feral- {aed by Hepbaitos’ deste for Athens his mame was lowed by ancient -nythegaphes a Khim, ton ofthe Esch and the product of the ‘ice of wool (on) with oeich the desing via wiped the goes enc off rl, skos be wa dingy the prodct ofthe amorous tara ek) of the two vine, But this suochoe fest and fovtot inked to Athens, nd a him sepe al he connections be- woe the pols and guaran. Aeady in the Had (2546-551) the toler were vided between Athens and the feized ext (2s ‘0c, cildberng ke and to Athena the eae of ing the hil here named echteay—owhom she made her protégé ("hea [tens dour of Zeus, celal Bana Ads ner ch anc sy) Inthe fh century, Adnan poten represented Gé banding toner the aewhoms 9 Ahen fr et to ae—an Bet fr er tO 2~ {owiedge? in uth Enchthnioe descend cn Albeo ony de send rom a vigil opposed to cdbeaing ugh the me lain of the ch, When be becomes king, Eschihonios e755 ‘The Pols of Myth in Atbews 31 engin he owes to his proteus nsitung the Panatenaes and hereby aociting the mame of the goles Wit at af er peopl fx ever Accordingto Herodons 7.4) es dang the reign of Frecheas the the inhabit of Anca took he mae of Aan. Th the = tockthonoar King iuagurt for Atheat the haan er of mye He tory. Thro hs bit, he Blogs ro the xg age of Keo on the ves 2 man serpene eguemly ait the “ih” ofthe mic Toor dul, and Ketropr digiten, Aaron, Pandosce, and Hen, ‘were by che wl of Adhena made the human mane of rchhonin ‘weighty tak which they dichaged bd and which ede thei deat ‘Then of Enckthonios,orrthc of rch, nce the tation 2 peas to rave this mane fr th old Ling conc Atheas and ‘en's al At the pie of two Bein ode to save he cy deat ‘ened bythe expedition of the Thracian Eumolpos son of Poveidon, “Ereetheus ao serie his own daughter before Being wowed Up by the ground, struck by the god's widen his duh however, sce ses him with the gd in perptuiry,and om now one i wonhpped ler the mane of Poikon-Frecthes, From mage 4 new die protect forthe poss bom. With Enchthonios or with Frets {hetero nt they ae din guised) begins the longline of Aen ings tf example onthe Retin ras which in dione the tl wimeses of Fichtbnia’ bith, Kelzops and Hephutos, depics rechthes the au king an Acgeas, the fer of Theseus, "The “Lie” of a Hero: Theseus “The nary of Thos hat the ngrins of erie a. From hidhood coming of ge, Eom fret dtr, the ie of Theseus $3 long vere of eps “ondeming all the veer and ange of human scson "The bringing of ciizason, dng wth monte he trocedig ofthe hun codon: Thence ade llc eee of Irie exploit his own" Son of Angra, of of Poseidon according to ‘other veions, and Acta, daughter ofthe hing of Teocten, Theses (gov up i the howe of is mise ander, skal showing ‘mero sof heroum. Ar iatee, the age ofthe ephebe, he id the tock unde whic Aeges al iden a sword and put of seal, and ‘med with dese tokens of eogaiion depute oe Ateas by the most52 Bor ofthe Hanh dangerous roe, Th wis dhe Siang of Yong ination through ‘whic he won the sto of legate nm of gens on the way he puiged the earth of eis of monte ike che sow of Krommyon) and ‘edoubable began sch Sins, Keeyoa, and Prokrses (Proc) Recopnized by Acgiar, be bad sal wo deswoy the ermble bull of Marston prove mca worthy oa ofthe king andr comgucr he tw ofthe ity Pande, comin, who dsped Aspe?’ powcr Bor ding wit ro ithe mack of hei destiny: Theseus embats ined fr Crete im order o anguish the Minot, who ped Cay devoted seven young men and sven young women sent by ‘Ath The et well now: is vanqushing of the monte and the Tabi thanks wo Arise, whom he abandons on Nexow and hs ‘etn to ate the white ala» ig of victory, whch cases Arges ‘Gent pon bis eum. He raow Ling of Aes A pling, he em broke on syoccom Grom aims, cabin), which broght - ether the sated inhabit of Ace ino one yA ware Kg. be ‘ecingued his te expcdtion sgaine Thebes che wa a the Amazons The age of wtnood wt for is abo 28 age of exces tt less of the monareion of the foie: with hs companion Pi thous he tole Helen, duper of Zeus, and decended tothe Under ‘vod to wie Penson: the fi went our and ced he beso 2 Tong epi among the dead, wating fr Heres Yo descent in his torn fo rec him. Theeu do erence eae, and ilent death on ‘Shyro Such wa the eer ofthe mow elebsted ef Athenian heroes, ‘the ony ene gies complete "Lig" anda complex characte, the on ‘ove no completely ube nthe neh his ith ot his Seah. “Two my one etic legend A gars selection procedure wat rece to bolt their ma fares yeahs thee les were cho ten out ofthe ch Athenian tion, was bees them the Ae ‘San pol rad (or ita?) ck of ble” These ate important, ven ‘replays, whose potion and lence within thei ofthe pols ‘we wil yt lacie ‘Social Functions of Myth: Athenian Autochihony {A dacoume on the og and oxprincon of the uma kos, nytt the ory, forthe pis and in the name ofthe pol, ofthe = ‘The Pls of Myth in Athens 33 eat of cur. In erery Athenian ousted the reprocntiion of [Athens which war convenient crete or batow on ates thi of pola "beloved ofthe gos" (epi) and doubly and foundational fnckored in the dct lnk 16 the divine atened to by the ial of ‘Adena aed Posen a well by the cesarean of Erichthonsr ‘ids “has of te Blew god, ied lm anced and neon lan, the Freche were ever pesperons The mythical origins of masculine democracy, th legendary war api the Ararons who trou be mew and ended af danse in des, eted the eve rer ofthe asin oppostion to women, the pasive “al?” of the ‘ol The Arazon sory ls even doubly exemplary, fea tel of| the victory of ciation over baba, ofthe pi ove the fei: !n he Siw pl (he Psned Foro), where izes could coten- hte the noble deed of Athens pained onthe walls gen idles wp 0 Ihitory, and “on the mile wall one sw the Athenians and These Feng the Amazons then te Grek er they bad taken am [ [band the end ofthe ben, tone who Rupes Marton ™ (Celebrate in word and image, refed to in public specs, repre- send on te gi ge equenly sated on vases oF eomple ps men, te myth isin eos ange of being wor ot trough rhetor— ‘ealcommonplace and conventions sene e podweny, enforced in srgedy comes ape when pence the prose bio of pis oF ‘ven poten chest ile one fs equenceralvay the ae ne. Bot unin bing, in polit terms + pecan mediation be- (ween Aten and Ans ‘One example wil sfice to lst the numerous ancons and skip level ofc experience seed hy the myth tht of the ‘aa sutociahony. Oficial eon belo she ace orhodony coo- cemng the it of Eelehonto, andthe istry fds peti este wa an otal pat of the Kw figs (acted dacoune) of ‘Athena, which occupied wh an ingore poson in the syaic atcha he Panatenaea* Tragedy did nr choose erveen the son of the gods andthe autochoae, bora ons the sail ofthe then, in the presentation of Frictions, and when the tgatians etended the mime of Erect the whole cvs Body, they made Athenians ‘oh vine ofipring and acachnoncs. But thetoric wear one tp f= ther, and, a i the sory of Frchthonios wat too well Known fo be evoked yer again, public rata, for example those who dered fi- ‘eral rations (papi lg fo the hry of etiens allen in tte,34 Bom ofthe Earth gcnely avoided mention of the national ero and she divine couple ‘Sho preted at his bth, in order to acute the privilege of a= ‘citony toll ede Athi collective. eis not sup ta tis froentiaedatochthsny Became 2 cent theme of the seclogy of ‘Rinna democracy not oni i t serve to jy AMbenan mill fanim—champons of the right (pone, beans were 20 by Sire of cea slept ont of he soi of the Bend — ‘ur ato snot fara fo dedace democracy fom surockthony, to puri Patonic terme, pobiticl equa Goma) fom ex of vn Gago)" "Thal (men wa fond in re (hand power of the dle asheved ix le therewith: endowed colle {ie th High bth (gens, atechonous citizens were ll equ cate they mere all gble. One ep futher, and the peeces cone ‘ined Athos wit al oter ple, Beterociti arent of ud eSaed tke Meter on feign ol Have we lx dhe mye along, fhe way? We mst noe age tht nthe lipo ends a wel in Tee in dll fe well a eval, each Athenian encountered Ghat ef Eeeheonis on mamerou casos: tte Acopoi a {Be edebestion ofthe Pansthenae, om the Ago, lotatd immlcy byte pence of Athena next to Hepsi the the empl of the (Cotenan” on the wgie or comic sage, inthe pote’ woekshop ‘where wes ichenwar, or obits art enlesiy repeated he gears 3Ee benign to Aen, ei the works fr wid which thar cy wat emblished™ And i the myth war weakened y the ‘Roto we map sume that Athenian soencs were pepe {Rie th genecdpropoizans of the speeches 10 the ving comet of ‘he yeh, Unlen nan eal ard something ee he pecbes fn autocthony he mths of Athens. Nj, cm, do noe om piston. How could they, when ‘ney we te pos with own ei, easing the eponyny of [hen or watching over the pie ofthe defers ofthe fea? For dhs reuon the ox taken by the Aientan pe invoked Aga ron chi ering aden of lod destiny at he hed ofthe tf lps powen ala owt te evel engagement of he teas Fe tie ean ako Cees, rang $8 the fe bes {fur would eons the poitic-mitary famework of Athi ie, Sur shon nde he pasonoge often naboalheroo the en Ep, mong whom are foond anurpsingy Ketrops, Echt, ond ‘ThePolitis of My in Athens 35, Ages, and whose dnd the cszon were invited to tepest in an end Jen ened inde Benween pods spd oe, eeween the engl Kip tht Enka ‘tem collecvely with Athens andthe clasetory Kini tha eps ‘ae them ino fen re, Aten nd no lack of model, nice i tera rand ef it en fl ‘Myth: n che Space and Time ofthe Polis My ce prea crepe, pura he ce afte hy nd pal faa cmt romps Ke of ‘sn nt reac. inthe cond ery of ues Psi Peep the del be wander an ren nore nde color of pio a tem sted Ahem, iempating + eo cel promenade through he Grek pais emsing tough be Gn of ipylon wich fore ce fo the Ago fom the comery ofthe Keron be oud the Ago, inbele Aropol rene othe Aga ed they byway ofthe Renmin Tis or wel tay ur proved ppecny Gr hanger lbs Ace wa aed foedy acme of te pat Leto angie moment tat ‘Aca of eth r Bak cenary weal ave rao dace, {owing eae ine ire snp). Fo the Reo the Acropols nd ete Ags the Ket ro proeosi teen igre porons ofthe yn byte ct, url (row sone neon rpeion sl Engi thao be Pac, {Big wvar the cred where emo ee pew where te fen eed feetew in her ance tng, Whee the rg Suge ofKhop duced a ih, "enping con wap bre the tenpl of Pata? sd th of pe nr wich pod om {ke Agr. whee te natn ers sod ga othe oc br Se ofr fe a combat worthy miata i Epes On he ‘ors the eter of poli, dominated othe oat by the ‘opal to ou by he il ofthe Acopags wee Aes one day convene th burl, de he ote by te eagle of Tepes th weve Ohmpin gos rte bow nih Aten56 Born ofthe Bah ror te i we wi mio hee me whe ene me peda ena lene rainy oe pc eo fate Toros wow cps wet red othe me Fie {Pe Heparin nd tn Se potalin the ope at ‘man teSon inch conte of tn Hoy, fon he at ‘Tibite Amon oth te ath, wn eB ened Tonput by Alen nd Hen Ae ey sop toed he ge tim tn recone fm ns ung rang al ‘Prbay mors yt dy bese pee ate han hat {TF oy, Pen insecey tcp wing to ake walk Stout scum th po mips fy tee Be yl Ame top Cos rho, Bren cid of Or ‘Sha the duper of chow Mtn emery oT Sotsgeed wel wy the bnts of he Copies a Eb oe tv {ton ot Eumsp led by Bach snd on he oun ty vite cy ry poke he ie fhe pa case oe pn orth Py wh sweaty ty whe Atinyby wn Scie al er og le tr ttn any ce, ppt ft poe he a fe fi Ort pond oxo were gg ing em 7 mde ph wae of he i of Gr ioral conto ti a gen whch ek 0 empni™ We wl com ‘Sound ne weap ete went pltal ge Seven retin ad evn when crn komt of me Te “Sip nce ow ty tw wd drowned Hin {tat forme estos oe pre Tack planed mp nd rosin th ef he te ‘No die Thon owe hsp pod ne ow he anya the Pessina ned op: lr he Popes io th br, Hel The es ar ve rion 2 tne fv ter expen, Than che the moe atone tou fom Tose en psig oagh Mega Ese Clie emit rng he cern con, an rene ‘Shon ded egtinte e ong tho tn, eine oer Se tce wheter ach congue toy ied Fey Sibel When he hw sopped fo dts ely ote [ions Cy, ane wa cays ein say oer “ThePolis of My in Athes 59 ‘the Minotaur, yt it ao hd i fenton in the pl ofthe Pesta: 2 below-he-sic jstfeation for desig om the Aegean AS fr 4, eponymous ancestor ofthe fonkns and nicer of war der rechehew (or the king's suceuoe, hs appearance in Athens andi ‘Athenian mths was only o ste the pol ofthe live int the me tropols of Tonia. A musiane expe, fo, hit ned of yh. What about atochthony then, major wespos inthe tvaty of ie yt, ‘rade by Argives aunt Adhensns, by Athena gst Teper?” ‘Mae complex but jst se the feof mh ad ei legend on itera pola ifs hee the give-and-ake between foc end rotate const. The present easel the lg pr ad at the begining ofthe fith ceneuy, i the pos wich hd bec defi tively ed fom yan, epesentations of Theseat on Alte var ud tochthanous myth An Aran in Athens 43 Bur sie Arcadian auton Which honored rough Pan? One sas to grec, wile rcogting with Borgeand (pp, 20-235) Ut ‘he Avan Bs ight place in aspece concerned with ogi. Cer ‘ain indications viewed fom an Athena sng, soated ye pct, suggest romething resembling vary hued on szochchony between [Aisne spd Acacia son the part ofthe Escenas i, abt conceded escence concerning the Arca myth, No dou thi ‘ay ortha rescence ht es benesth the dt in Herod book tine Herwcen Athenians and Topean fo who will ccupy the le flask spain the Perey 2 che bate of Patra. The ight Sk,» po- ‘ison of hone, wen othe Sparen long wh the command of the CGreck forces united sate invader Te le ant wa fo he ing, nd Tepes and Ateniane made the rerpectve cms 9 sod postion leping “put and present deed: 3 “hitoric”epaode no ‘oabe but ceailyspubolic adhe secount of Herodots, whore po ‘Abenian is would be denounced mach tr in Plt. Neverthe lew, the Atenas won othe bass of having csc both Marathon and myiologcal expos, and ie 8 gna dha, by procaning, “theirancestl tinge the Git ak over the Arcane, being, ceil courageou.” they wiped out Tepe pei, dae in the genenity of Arcadian nutinaity. No longer Tepes Arcadian, erodots’ Aeniars knowing give ther sv cee proper name, that of Peloponnesian auothones (6.73) and das cern ow he {Licedamonin amy undentoed it when they were si o ave pro- slamed that “the Athenian meied the It Rank more da dhe Arca fans” Afr the heroic peo of the Pen Wars, inet lah: ‘Athenians could ako acuzine trough comedy vaous epreeuitions ‘of Azeasn autchthonyaltary vals, for example. At the cad Tengthy enumeration of ovina pie, pap seni, oy =) which Athens impored fom all over the worl, the eric poo Her Inipps las Arcadian mercenaries Berween Phan and Then ‘ayes? which surly + roundabout way of dealing stockton ‘who make their mili fore arable to othe? Bat in the end cnpily snd unreservedly between one autocthonous syd and noe thatthe aay of Atbeas and Arai i played oat via tho Jogi waition. According to Pawan Lykson, 2 of the 20- chivonos Pegos, was mich les wise than his Adbenian conempo vay Kelzops44 Bom ofthe Bath Pan's Twin Tet ur compare the two myths more exp, even ache ik of scming to tate forges Pan aogier Patience he snot Bi of “an stochthony af acec-citen- Arcadian wadition, co which Borges devotes the fine pre of i eng. esablies 2 “poto-he= ‘many (43) whore Bening are no les than magia: rpresion, trams, flood ti somber myth las everyting, in keeping with the Grek view of priv in ener Indy marke by ths ‘memoral oxgn, Arad inherted 2 fundamental ambipity, 38 2- “Chore time hich problemas toy dhe let —somedhing ike Sick of historicity, and thr retoubable honor of beng the mow aeent ‘fhe Greeks made them “ambiguous eties” Athenian autotthony ‘a te other Hand wa sicily plc procsiming fr itera Athe~ thn use he egal singly ofthe poi: with the Bit of xehtho= fio theo ines became 2 par of history, cv rm dhe war Torro mesure th pap bstwoes dhe ovo eadios, we need only Cosy compare the tempor of he two mys of or "On the Arann sie an satan inmedstely apps: else, “The rngion med er hi, owerr, il ihabted ony by Pela dine New Lyon, son ofthe atncehone insite theca of the fs bat sfc having oSended Zar wit he monstrous cific of oma hil be fils ack imo» pre-baman svg, orbs a: he ecomes Wo A Ske sa, or atlas regresion in the second ge ‘ction, Dung thi period, if we acept the icon of a Paelnic ‘hronelogy of myth, ess (hoogh at ye own by his me tar wa cvibation and learning to Bonar the gos ito Cinder the aotonty othe priors Kekops wow body is both an “cd setpent snd wo pshin ower to dis wel: anced double mate ‘ial to sept the doable eer separating human from dhe ‘vine and ffom the animal. Wed Ljkaon and his male deceadans sized oor by Se wil of Zeus, ws Lylaon’s daughter Kalina who Jeerned the autcithonow Iie: ing wilh Zeas and met posed into a bear, she pid dearly fr ber dango on (wi Be man fa, even her He), bu he gave Kh wo Aras, the ist Arc ‘Sano nal cine he repnn to which he gave his ame Acadia a Final ben.» Bat fm the He of Pelgos to he reign of Arka Tong ent etfs to the icy of acving at clear distinction be- ‘An Aresianin Athens 45 ‘ovens man, animal snd god (61). Meanwtile on the Acropsls Enchonosis hom: a did of the gk bu ly human, he inverts jl ‘cs and abso gives the pls «name—ace bis oe, but the pens sume ofthe goes ofthe pol, Athen. ‘This compation itu ‘Aes might have ake ie net pce a atocthone, tp eats to have produced one at he sight omen jt wie ll wi In readnes fora human history to begin. The delay reves into a ad ‘ance, that which inthe cine wold ofthe Greeks 2 poms chive ‘ver egon with an overburdened past. A side-byade compen of| the evo tations not unwanted, fr Pati ao ogee one a tis inroducon to Arcade authorized by the Greek em of| sared repreenttions, in which Athes aad Aveda presen diver {ent model of sxomehono origin and ple ie ‘And where Pan ial ths? The son of Ze aad Kali, ccording to AacylarAdkt’ brother, then. Tobe sre hit ony ono merous genealogies (ute aliogethe) and we know thatthe most ‘widened radon makes him the son of ems sn a snp. But Borges seems to give sine ateaton this sigur version of be tir ofthe gost god which gives him the fist Aran as his ein other (ata eae hs double) and ti perape ntact ht thi venion ws formulated by an Athenian OF astochbonows Uist, yo tue by an animal his bother manages tai Pe he i= dachly dian neighbor whore presence athe for ofthe Acropolis ‘nls the Eile seangenen of the arage wan the cy: wecoed, yee esubbed, even annexed tothe preter good of Athenian = fockthons, "We ant neu this promenade on te border beowec #9 ‘ochre, to which we have been led by he very best and very ene pags in which Bored, a the ge ofan nrodaction vo Pan, anys "Greek repression of Acadia" Uaobtely there are ter pouches to such » sue and accomplished book, sad ther reader, zac by shortus, will ie Aes in fivor of a more steal “Panic” joumey, among the convbive beats of erotic and por sesion evoked in the second onal pata he book, We ay te re thar it was important for Borges to ests he Arcadian wail the po, ance beore concading wth che Snel ofthe eal he ‘once ain lice Pan, and hi secomplice Artemis inal ofthe Ate nn democrat who re up again he olgach of the Thy 4,5 Bom ofthe Bath Asante epotentve ofthe pis yet led aside Athen, ith {othe hope pinto the onth ty bad oly jor a pcos in the anctary of Agro, yo so merensis of fran, combats in ed war br coger to eiblsh pace, the mem cer ese the asian of Pan, OF the od flat lances, Of the god who ner- ‘ened in war ool forthe ake of peace. Ofte god of the got, where eee Becomes ft, "An Arcadian a Ae: a good opportaniy fo weaving together the Jmeinoral—that of Arcadia and chat ko which presides oer the Bis- tory of ligons—with» pli! besry which i able to her what she (Gres od toy about tore moment of eis when inthe Bice o lence fom the get godt of Olpmpus and abandonment by ll human ts, the hope of men wn ive in he pol tks onthe incongruous form of Pa. cuarrer § Glory of the Same, Prestige of the Other (Greek Vatiations on Origin Under the beading of “aocehonous language,” {would have ‘ed to be ale wit aout the Grek Ingnge But Lam not i suit and although the Greeks may hae aumbered languages ‘ood snd before euloamong the relevance or elena ei ot cena the they creed hr gg with at autocnony. “According t Pho, the opposite would appa tbe tue, fn the Cray Sort int on the bbarah origi of certain Greek word lets suppoe tats declantion of Sorts ot alway en pric ple—which ugg tat he ides of en stocthony o angage shoud etips be viewed a Greck ay “see tome that the Greek ve ten age musber of worde ‘fom the Baran." ys Socrates (190). T's" sy” then 9 com oc these words withthe Grek langage (italy "ibe Greek voice”) ‘which under the ccunstnces weal amount "ong eo viene” (Gi). Cael Eymoogy i+ Grek practice a in the eect fr ath (oman) i 2 word? Te woul be Boe eo adi tt hes something ofthe Basin in Greck, and tha ei Bacar Kemel wil aay smuin obscure, compact, using. However get te power’ desire to cite + ors ke spe in Gres tors, on ted 0 ‘ecogaze props fis word in paca, hit somewhat ob seu and frig (eon sa fora” 412) Here Pat's wce ca be ‘red mil beneath the Sore ony, wth hs const peo ‘upton wih punctaring che rat peters of Grek sles48 Bown ofthe Fan “The wort fr "wind i confidently identified sforcgn wien rf ‘rece tothe word for ei (en), fr which a Greck wool! be per {end content wath a noo-Grek engin, a word equal "zane" (nore prechay “witout pice,” sp thereine without » Grete founds tion? the hype of Barbarian ong denounced as pure expe enc 46). Unt ee vel ied ia tam Gom this ened, “whic Com of atbuting » Bararan charter to what we do not know’ (Gzie-d. The Bubunan byptinis was only a fcson bra the sme ‘Sn iemat he amie hatin he Greck ging thee ae words hat tre opus fr which the serch or origin is destined to So Tong, rite word So long, Sram ofthe Same! In thee words of ur Known ong, dhe Othe bs tken the pee ofthe Tue "We smu then dha Pla ate to drei all earch nto an a0- techthonose furdstion for ngage; but herewith he abo gg he ‘critence of sch an ides, What ost king is that ds pilwopher (ofthe Sune andthe Osher propose tat there is otemes in Grek, ‘renin angus vein he ly oer, ince thi irda pacy Sra a one point simated to Barhran ec) “atari”: a mein of eign, Cough his unieligble idiom, someone who speaks no Greek A tabs ‘ur aniong themselves, Gres, satu, speak Greek and wo “speak Grek" (zsh) nears to “ie with Greece "a fr example d= ing the Penan War, Likewise i the Peloponnesian Wer, eiieshet digas pro-Athenan bis in Thucydides, Ths lnguage absorbed Inthe geneity of "Greens." and becomes a: alway, a meas for pol ede Dold nto Grek dco “Thorfore I now tammy ateaton to couse, hoping to spre ‘the Same and the Other—any Othe actally-—al work thers, “The word “rage” om language odour, the going ough “What isa ranger, fr 2 Grek peer? The ngage fas 2 ready made repos tbe me: the suange (eos) one who or having been bom chowee, t+ proc an enemy, and therefore one beer fumed ino + gut (ene) thot day" But aos speak dix ‘herp sang doesnt, ven in thot, ram int ago nd 0 ve {ocangr hi fal mee of ake, one is songly recommenda 10 ep him at ceria distance The rk isha the gulrmay be oo wile, Glory ofthe Same, Prosige af the ier 4p ‘nthe ilconceved division Plato asia the cane in the Sits ‘mon, 2 bird supposedly endowed with enn bat whose fea of at- portion isto lite the crane"? in postion to al the sai ‘il which ate tome indicimiatly ato the ignaie cgory of bet tis,” Fly eatogoration? No daub, ye at he sme time 3 neces Gack catgoraion, sich a posses «god and had side—one' own and Ut ofthe rx of he wor Tere fie wee iat impos ing tem upon l= Uilicity of ces in ener to make them one; and once the category “Greece” has ben created becomes evident that fer each pli he sang abo one neler Faukycatsorintion?tnaginey opens, operations of te nag say tists temnin of the agin T wish to explore the bles | poly dhs avd at ae cern comupe by dfn Joga, a lea) yet through them the hitxan tame mich about what soit fain (ce imagines i a) interme of ienty when ic ps tothe sangr the place ofthe Other How can we Asie» cae up ‘ofthe Athenian ideology of cizeasip without ting the tine tad ‘pth “beefs of action” inthe “Same” colt” And. in ene ‘0 dscover wht isi about he othe, why nt ence apn ado tse ngumens that within he city serve to deny fos the oust the ex fence of any exter conto? ‘Sine imapinary operations are mare ail in the domain of iin laine us aways Begin wih proces of teveig ode t Pek ofthe ears begining) ts insrucve to put the question of the somger in ems 3 Geek myles mythico-hitet, hiv it al one—of ong, and mote special of sochthonows eigin ‘Thos Ipunuedsoune, modal of rewoning, without spemataly investing the ey ofthe Fonds. ea odo wit what poles ‘ay shou thei very fi tens, whether they ae bom rte lo | the Geran, or whether they ae frig. Resting the sspuments of ‘Anode, for whom questonsconceming the cintip of primer cevor were poles beste sponte we wil ke the aig ‘evo, fo they are very Greek™ ‘Avtchthonows coun, then, our “anchorage,” 0 be cltelyex- amined by oppog be Same andthe Oe. To jue by some of$0 Bom ofthe Bah developments, the danger might be tht of los a refrence to he tthe, becase one would find oly the same. A ever rane i ‘Xenophon fis Areas wit ride by “ling them ha o dem alone ‘we the Peloponnere 2 te thes, been they were the ony > Tockthoaosiniabitts and that ofthe Greek ces, the Aran tes the most numerous an the mos robust” (Hele 7.23). “Sch so deuce the exemplary om the exceptions) the impesal- ta ofthe Same, which, by 4 eer of equialenes, tendo ake a= todiones mare than they ae the Acadizs ae the only tae Pela~ ‘ones, snd Som thre ts bea sore sept beng the only tue ‘Grekocerany the it ones. Arf the Adenine that hey (hd not bein to tke the Rep Som awtochony o pada ‘Grecnes, Thi ecurcd erween Herod, wo merely stbuted 0 them the aim of being "the oniy (Geel) people to have not en paca” (nome [.--] fer on meat, and Plo, who in the ioe ioicly dived the olson ofthe Ashen fom thet tig eau at Greks of pre tock ‘And he et What happens, ithe logic of antochtbony, 10 the “other Grsk,” an enpry generation thi could minimally serve 2 bnckdop toe sto-emletion ofthe Some? The al thing £0 tle them, 3 they ate invoked, o de fonts of Greens. In he Mncems te “then,” Bees the primordial ancestors thy worship tre fesig—Pelap, Kadmon, Aexypts, or Dancr—have recoded 3 far ar pombe, to where the Grek wood adjoins the Barbra, Desig ted at "eri-Bararan” (cba, they 8 no ager Gres, fe the wry bos dear for eaclaive Athenian secpancy. We mut par apie the snumptin hat dhe oes have dippeared, however Poni ony, eee, inde cis sor of play on iis, bat the rea en ite hela of the other than the dvclution of thes. To tech an extot des the Same need oes, even aly aim is own ‘deny. ‘Once spin we come back ostochhon, which each time nece- aes tne realing ofthe ofc prow of te Atbenian pi” Bt Tow to aid or mamch we Base aces the Gres imaginary ofthe casio! pero the dminane of Aken douse within ti soc dha iis worth tying oe api, 1 east the peesige of a= Cochin andthe eflecivenc off dicoune, wel the contours ofthe mirge Glory ofthe Same, Presige of the Other 2 ‘The Fatherland ofthe Same ‘The wterncs of attocthonoss dicoun privilege bean x ‘he only ve Grech onan veya level however, they ae cont to muta tht they alone ae ue etzers. Al oer then ae "i paced” in teirpoles, ke "puch a2 wooden fame” which 0 47 Sac tey are izes oul in mane and sever i ce Or ht in con rast 10 Atbnins, "egitinate cin sone of the ftherane” (gi se spuds pla, ether Gels, Beene thet abcess from esowhere one dy lng ago, ave no seta in ter cw ses she than fat of “adopted cen” (api. “This makes sense ony with strane tothe Athen deinison of tizeship. The ference i complied, however, by he Sct ta the oacision (tof every argument concringsstctthony)s Hawg ‘vernon anything bur the Same, Albeo, ate sd in ot {a the pls at peace wih isle Is oher words the Pais “What eas forthe oes? Chaining thet ery, pps adr the Sign of Movement (Once ain we would need fee acceso what others ay about ‘herucle. Thi not of coune cay, and we max be resigned tothe seen of stochthonourdicoune intervening beeen wan hem ot ‘nore han one ocr,54 Bom ofthe Bath ven inthe pote ofthe pet heres, it animated by a "Het enc” (hence gba wiew, we nd te atthe of thereto ofthe Same. In opposition to te maave som, “thes” Gnd these zea Inthe sua oar,” once te sats of thi ancte. Avan niga, sraden al ae enepmlied in he word ey, whose eat Ing wa occa Sore with ves of maton" We Gnd the dea ‘fori of the word gp reduced wo abasic mening of "not Iocithonow” im Herodots, ass erefl aot betay the ma py ofthe “le of then" Fs subj is Ly: "Four nats oc ‘ipy i and no more, roof whic se stachhonous std v0 not tno dae etchant ci, dee). The Libs and Fyn fe autocthonow [.--] se Phocsicas and Greks ae immigans (eat) 19. eis lea that hee the pose eotenon is aoetthony The eond- sion ofthe eps, onthe ther han, i nese by dein, even when the rlrece eo sutochthony only mpi, es in Thacy- {ies who avoir the worl avohihinpeesumily Beane 5 (00 theo Reconaracting ely Greek hiry, Thuydies mist make Pobps, the epoaymous mythical ancestor of the Pelopones, sii deny weakly to expen how a “aang” (én ont) could have {Gren bis mame to the pon” Incidence ofthe shtrieofstochthony in hitaiognphic pos is gesealy med to we ofthe word qs. In neither Thuyees nor ered dow the ens ace a0 tomate rere toward the very epatve stn of word fr frcgne, Greek iarogrephy seems fo fave rte the ugpetions of ngage in which ale pave wy fo pein (he ania) of guts and eels he inte), oF rea pla ("Whe enen”)." Bur a0 precestons of histor esoaing cold prevent the wor’ fom occupying »preciows poson, andi (ook Ude—a igh change of regiter, an ceapetcSnterpretion of prophecy, forename, for the freiger to Become once again the oct Oracle pieces through the nest mamative ye as agi overtones, and ke rage, aot polis with a.” "The aia ten virally the enemy, Ort bat, ane wos orn arth pe goes) made it descendant, nthe Meo, Mess” ‘Oni mere residents ine places which he had ee dy peed om eewhete ley" Cou mmm be so precious hat ‘overeat ut sways bes despied? Tht only thove who lave never Glory ofthe Same, Preigeofthe Other 55 ove ae chiens by mate, whi the ret are condemsed to a a= for ta? Arico, fr ample, rene mts ("Mes the omer enn meni employed by Achilles when he complains tht ‘Apameranen ae ened him a wade rege, an emg, worthy of honor, Berween Homer and Arise the word may hive ‘eon oc snore int the phere of atohthony, on he negave side of the done foreigner So we might spose when the Aber fs employ st ia Herodos proof of ther gest work "Alone of ll fhe Gres, we are not meet. “Weare not emigrants." Like, in one to ier the Acs dan 2 atocnes, Herodotus nein book wo ht they “rene fn the same place and dd not eoige Or a leat o eat some ‘via era the vec fnm Happen, chat they “were lf be- ‘ip whee the poputioa ofthe Pdoponpes ad wo emit nore te espe the Declan, “and therfore id at exigat.™ Ae fo the uber oF History the norm was dplcement, Fhe dame was on the side ofmorenene The ables eta when sufochthonou in mobi is expresed as negation of movement, when itis the same that mast be deine negate, hough he absence of igo, Should ‘we coneide ht tera, perceptible in Heroes but doubles poe ‘© ll itor wing vo opposing and waring, don? Tei lo in Herod ha we 6nd indicaton o mote pei r= spore co this quston. In book eight Bits seven aes which "n= Ibi the Peloponnese.” Two of them, being atocionoes, te tblihed (Mdnta) where they were aledy living previously the ‘Arcint and the Cymriine. At he ober end of the i there ae fat “foi ees de): Doss, Actos, Dryopins, and Lemans. ‘And between them the Ackaan face, which was not placed teat beyond the Peloponne, bec wt within thee erst aban one oor troy fr snot In ta fr he Peloponnese oncemed, ems ti ters of expen, movement tick € Feri in ght the Acca were not dt be “ying nthe ee ‘Nace; Herodonus merely sys that they never moved. Howeves, even {a tems of ovement st cma Uat there ext an sutnomocs fone ion of emai of the unin hs xen pponton to everthing which gga dilacerent oe the coming ad going of people vee ‘enor hat do ot belong o dem, stothonow lations to he soli expres versely: dl! denots king oot, estblishig y=56 Bom ofthe Bath Sngfoundsony wel atthe ston of eetinga baling sel, oF “Two way of occupying the wi and perhaps two competing mod- cls in Herons ts planty begs in book one when Croesus, cou Ing cnihip wih the set powerfl ofthe Greeks, coven hat thee te the Lacedemonis andthe Athenian, ad thi of the evo, “one Td never moved nd he uc had wandered exeryhere." Te his tian then the maecenivemigations of he Doraa™ "The two mode arin place is met bance. ‘ecitsjst her tht mst dg. To cape om the loge ofthe ‘won other word fom the Herdetean Gamework, which often Enea fo a oo-pegotoppodon beween Athens abd Spats—we true caine » chin cote Thi he moment 1 itodoee, if ‘rity, the complain ofthe Thsbaa myth fox, Ehave to ae Sous fr doing wo: beet it pote a clk problem for aly OF thodowsenchoaousconsence, aha semble succes grt Ing oF hor othe pur ote astocuhouy.” and because in rafing the other ont the se tfc om he sie expectation of finding Ialemative to the eppoticon ofthe eo modes ‘We know hus Kadmos war + Phoeican—a Tyran, pecs Bs- sipdes—ho ved one day im wht as nt yet Boeoa in onde nd, colony, the cy ew ake the nae of Thebes” Thus he ‘long, ke te Eysn Pla the eto of grea hero- founders ‘who mere both primordial ancora nd foreigner, those ween Plt ‘pil ace in the Menton of reducing thot descendants othe condi- ton of emi Batrine" Bar hs, eels sy ihe autochthonous pot of iw and we can be suet inthe casi perio the cies Ue Thebes or he peoples af the Peloponnose mw in the freign cogs ‘ofthc ance ony a ater fo re Tikewse there are so posible coos with which to descibe te eign of Katios and tatonsip 1 te deena of the 20- tochtbonour Spr: (he Soe, according whether ane Theban or “Aenian th former wil lek Pindar, “Kado nd he sated face of sown warn” andthe ler, tke the Movewons wll eet “Kadmon “auc,” lang wth Greek fp stock "Afr thee atechdones,chance—oe was sa that in the eae sia ea they ged mol im Aenan text. Ad ow cou these Ginny of he Sue, Pigs fthe Other sp Spano, whore asmcthony was dared fm thing bes “sown” by Kadnor and who st about bling one another immed afer ‘bith, appear other than 8 onymera in Athenian eagedy™ "To make the Thebun sadn peak [should embark on 3 thoroagh ad denied enterprise of reconatuction. Bot not yo Let ice ft {Ge moment wo sigur ht when a docoune re he postin of ‘ovo modes, even f by combining thom, sca oi ll fo End of dyreson. Hack ontrack wil adhere othe we competing polis which so ln infarm Herodot secon What then do dose who gin Belongs to heat of more- meaty abst themselves? "Thee are lcs, such Asa Minor, where she opposing dscouses ofthe Same andthe Other seem to enjoy eq ivr. The Catan = Iand-dveles eased comin ied to be atocthonoas, and the Grains, whom Herodone conser utocthone, bekeved hey cme om chewhre” But once lnving adknowiedged the uneabiiry of| retin tht dn Aa Mino, what cn we concide doar femin which each couse ls nothing recommend it except inthe jes of howe whos ong it ites? Leaving Asa Minor and recuring to the Peloponncs, we find among the Tacedsonies wae we ae looking for a pero scene serson of te movement preses cover their dein. ‘fir cones ther mots ps they ae greece with che poe anyon a singe poi, scoring to Herons: "at twas Ar fodemor hime, go-grcon of Hy, win when he was bing Trough thom i therein they preseniy oop, ahr Ua a dren™ In oer wor the oly potent zoeloie wlethe ct ofthe mignon ever quod. In fc jt the porte: he He Ci are to have embarked om the gion wh eager hua, ‘otonly in Pindar who peaking 22 Theta, ba abo i Lacedemon~ ‘ia teema" MororeraLacslaeronian has no toubl acknowledging at eis aly Doc in mame. To das oe Achtean, ie King Cleon ‘onthe Ahcsian Acropolis to gobock ero tothe ane bere the ‘migain-in other word wo something Hke a pci." ‘ar the moment we venture ouside Spar, cere begin to n= ‘vel: Because the desire (he reget he nee fr te same inevibly$8 Bom ofthe Bash come to wouble those who see themselres a other, fundion mys find numerous way to rece the free clemet i 2 a "The fing he spl, 9 ara the pst of ergs ele in oer wor the place wich the point of dperare fr movemea. TJs ot mater Ua the other pce: viewed fom te same Ly thse ‘wo ween placed, strane nthe eal of the sae. Pi calle the Aegis who wen Eom Thebes Spr, om Sparta to Then, abd ‘fom Then to Cyrene, ny Shen." The dpacemeat is encled out ‘ince nothing of he Their princes coment have bee aoe the coune of the magn” There no dod that ch renonig Oo the pt of matey (hit erm extn beyond the get cloning, ‘meropalies) fen ba o do wih pre wrtgy, and mae be Hed the itet wm “ahs or maintain dependence reatons"™ Bur beers ther sno dacoune forgin which does no engage the ent be Bove tha hee i awaye mote to than spy snease a are ak ately czcenstanal the sim o these armen, which chat ofa ig fem story al ae, be mea or no, mas be oxo "And there se many other way of redacing te cignen of orn ‘When the foundation myth doesnt end wi th expubion of the ether (ee, Kainos the Phoeiian,no doubles poorly natriied Titan, ently goes ito exe, leaving Thebes fr ea whence he ees ‘Babar hordes spine Greece"), se tempation ro cove tht her ‘bakit the ans ofthe ume power. There exit the option of transforming the invader ing legate hee andthe nason S30 x pedion ofteconques. Hence we speak ofthe “rts ofthe Doian™ andthe “ior of pereginaion (whic becmes hat ofa ercular mi- |pason™ Sometines too the began de in eo, 0 that feign frgin become secondary, andthe fine pote of date Grek, But the opention doesnot aways occ atu, ad someines ries ‘more dicts thant rcs An expe b Dansce the Fey ‘entioned a ach (Gas) in the Menezes, but sed 8 seendsnt of Arie Toby Aes ate Sipin, nd hence a ose rehtion ofthe Angives,Egypéan by acide, Gresk by Hood: thus Danas escape alee. Ta nots, however the cual pl, where on the contrary he blong to the problematic category of he “n= seanges” (texon).* His een ean proceeds with get weeny King Pelisgo,theson of m antochthone, ola 2 long ime bereen the cognition of te Argveongn of Dans and hi daogves 2nd Glory ofthe Same, Prestige of the Orher 59 hei msimenance i he sta offer, wl the mies is termined bya people's deere, which sade them the tle of Mec. Ar the ‘Neyo, Dans becomes thing more than 3 resent ale” ‘Bu any deologcal operation sans mlple vena, and che sraton ofthe ater sno exception. The Acids once again farsi example: a Spartan “tke” oe “pray” whose ongin was tnced to ‘Thebes to the poi hese deed the mame of Spa Hom hat the Theban Spare” Bot we mht expect wh he Argel with thing tat has odo with Gres, de semper he other ‘works both ways and we get two opposing vson: one which signs the main vole to Thebes (pur fori, aturly, by dhe Thebuas. 81 ‘nesoned above, and eisai the venion of Pat who meatons the “Dorin colony” of te Lacedaemonians among the national gins of icy” and ee oe which oes the Lacedaemonian nepretation ofthe mye he Ages ave onl asecomiay tle inthe formation of the Sprain pas, where cde hee ancestor as bor a deen (dof enled Phone, eo be sre, yetakeady Lacedsesonsn)* "That the conic of esas rags, wherein the Others ofered po Lameaton. Tht doe at mens however thc we mst ene in ‘emi tha the vitry ofthe Same i icv. Deter eo obser lex prndlogune bat more acute atte what poi each ofthe ‘wo ral docouner, tht of the motole ame and that ofthe moving ‘ter, labore preven autonomy. eee camed, yet threatened a very tam bythe agent of ie neighbor. (OF possible Auarchy [Now tc the ttn ofthe Otherto tle the Same which oly Sie. Once agi, then, Hake up aatohthony, Bur ti ime relly paying ateaton 0 the teflcctons of the historians, in which perma- ‘etc the se is only one of to poles on 2 ele of itty ‘where all he gues of movement ce deployed ‘Nether Herdoto nr Thacyider parsculaly ebeoming whe ‘comes to atchtony, a let reeraons ae never more sparc than when the iota eves Gress proper Herodots more cit ‘alin Ala Minor than inthe Feloponnese” and Thueyiden ony more expt conceing Sly than AthensBom ofthe Fath “Thucydides serves the term econ forthe Sia ths ss ‘only se of se wor, which betokeas cen lak of en, Ths {he htran die the word ofl Athenian comonsons, while ‘te tm time alowing hime heather to doube the ices a tore who employ it Like te Carne in Herons, de Scan cll themucie atochtbone, yet they are among he people sted as Bt ‘irs. larly they wore dpiced Tere} Here, then, We ave the word singly medley this oe oewurence, But o bate read lossy the few ete in ook one ofthe Peopomncin Har devoted to Athenian stacey (without is being mentioned by mame) it tindentand tat onus pune theme the rience of he hstoran sled ony by ls iony. Pemunene of the samme men othe sme ‘otk without conse bees the arity of thew war at eng Seton, allowed by, dering the pod of he migrations, te infix of power men fom ater cies in earch of aby and Sally serge on of thee freignen "trod ctken'~ this eal eat Thucydides Say. But iis aint so undermine Aberin pede, which loved 1 ‘owt of che feundty ofthe sol and the “unmixed” chance of he Ted, fr 2 Gres itor sos to reconstac he cao pe- riod ofthe Greek ft (anon his pin, Thoeyides docs not dear ‘ipifcanly fom Heredons), movement suggests mach more sel leeally ishing opera than the perzanence ofthe aed abode In the beginning everyting sugges movement, ating wih the ‘rial saterent hat naons Kee changing names" bees hey Kept ‘hanging lcasons. Whence the necesito the who woul ideal ‘he sparta Sine se 2 group onthe miata path and commis i © permanent ery, of wae ping further bck, om gation Comix [gaton, fo name to ame An example im Herodota i he pari- En thomy cae of the Pelagiany, To anrwer te quction “what ie age cil thy original pea?” (he evenal answers» Barkan Lnpsge, ti necemary to proceed hy conjectat, ted on te hee remaining conteporay groupe of Pelagians thove wo ein he (of Croena done who colotied the Hellxpont, nd "other cis” toh were Pengln. "The dic eat none af hese rus hs been prserved int the ett hve changed termes, the coon ce eabsbited caer with the Athenian, aed Gal the decipton of the fine group leads one to dedace the fesble movement which (Gory ofthe See, Prestige of the Ocher 61 lide name and nonin the same location. Ths Pets who in- bie the city of Cotoaa “were once neighbor (bt hy a loge) of tose who ody are eld Doane (tty dd’ ay hate oan who ied hen (ht hy ne ne mae in he eto ome (ile Theat (which had ath nan)” (Herd 7) ‘To resptlt: no mation where way, the ames of opr ad locaton have al change, ad Ye the hizoran expec i ener (0 keep up.Thucpie’esning = simi in rpud to the sotlement of ‘Shy bat even more evant here tomy dena inthe poimon fol. one f the Pelgomcian Wis, where dhe hscoran develops + plasble Seoune on orga interns of movement. il pase a this pin, known as the Archaedogy, eo examine foro sere of tiger which sere to strctre the sccount one Hat ona of al ems of inhabiting (he noun ey, che seb ee, and ‘hei derives) and another thats ble sound the ve hit ‘We begin with hin, o¢rter derives AROOgh the veh ai express say which might edt is being edo denote 2 taking root nth soi—but ei preci inthe beginning ca hee temo darbl aking root devas, hough che vast amber of rts which can atch i al sgt movement in acon. n ther ‘word the compounds of hid unmake ts sense, Tce, who wes ‘he ple verb nox once nthe Archaosogy makes nmi ate of | ‘hos dveatves, aft irmedably desi the expresion of being {fot Theteis og oot, and even the sigue the abulence ‘of begianings comes to subvert mobi ‘What should not, above al, be immobile i gn, according to ‘he be tt rn a fle 8 inti a erry, 3 wl ai 0 ‘late him oft, tobe chased off in hs turn by Cl an oder is lubed, which hu ofthe presen Inti penn mali of fe Iitory, thre people ake up residence ony i place they el have © Jere living rmewher a povitnary itis thetend) ir one of he blip teerence pons af arate, Thorpe a in Herod Bor we reall the iastence seth whch dhe oft thetode af a teckthony eet Abeta with lin with a way of isbn”) that dings them Go the es of many. led ely way ‘of rover the dacoure of other t prodazn tht decidedly, one sot like then?" Or were the orton, wea they mtn hat Ate ‘ans (contrat to other Gee) ibubed cir ovm tery oF62 Bom ofthe Fath bed that etary succesively and weee always the same people ting fr more prinen sage, propery Athenian on, of he verb fakes? The qustion deserves steno, becae the language of the Sane, andthe dege of autonomy with which ove can ered t= ‘echthonows dscouse, depend upon i Living somewhere cnnot defn theca, according to Ait, since one can ao speak ofthe tir of the Menor slae "A reminder atm Athens il, nana, he lnguage of eases he 1 of abing (kt) ony “being domi” or “eng” which Jot wht defines the Mate, whone resorip to the testo isnot ‘ould by nate.” Already wear ir fom sutocthony. Suspicion ‘tiles when we note ht te torts wed the verb char ttre theoceupaon of tertry by 2 noa-Greek people, athe ime ‘ofa migation and ata very ery period, nd, abo, th firs colonization fof maton" es om the loge of aleey—om tis way tha ote fave of eccpying the so which, by defini, does ot belong t> them™—that Athenian ates drive ther aitions on atnctbonows ‘ezupton of eiry ‘Late the eidece fr antocthony. The re ed wa sn Ge, prope by the Athenians: the expresions wed to empha seth entry or viguenes of asoctthoney, the exeponal iba ‘iat tabled from he being on tei own they were he same people geettion afer generation” ha eae oem), “lone (fall humankind they inhbed the Ind a wc they exe bom!” (oon poten [J kar” But more fin than not force of asigned iin other, amanger, spent cles Who cae {ay took over romeone ee nd edgepodge ag cowed Eom all pot of the compan, anc autocithones fad to be contnt with "st big” their nd direcy om the es” Decdey dere may ot be mc to sy sour she ame, exp to iver what ad aboot he ter, Which comes back tomo bing able wo define ons other han egal “There sny be nothing to sy about he wme when one pts one inthe pouon of ethom. When one tis tose oneself in terme of | ‘movement, ray o chin to be ts stating point without even vent ing to chs cd 4 ange of raking root" (but would ie have many ‘won? Probably ot When one cenenes tht which conse he Gory ofthe Same, Praige ofthe ter 63 ve Athensn core of atncthonows thoughe: the Gmily sg of Excahonis story that peas ofthe don ofthe sexe ad eo cin” [other word when, wikia dhe myth of anetogy ‘he myth hat one cere ‘Auocithony witou myth: 2 serra device for denying move spent where one sucigts dt, om the epeton that Atbesiee sot like othe, the sme wil wally arse Bat woul be nesonry £0 shit everthing eps we git find the sed of ch siting nthe way in wc, ceca Aenian wees opeate onthe ier wen thy ty to roe ‘anize atochhoous ein the sphere of kin, oer wore ‘fom the “own” conceived cea Gna" I hese poses one sy ook forthe mark of fama which chances the Athenian fear ceny Ice here rey an are del once gan Wi he ‘amily itor of the Acropols which democrat coun in dese to geen the bint of the acer tall zens, sw ene athe Ti of condemning ilo speak the inguage of then. Such ithe puro ofan atocthonowsdscoase: is hopelely af ‘ict by ins, caught itis berween the ineible Same and he ‘bal soggesions of ani, as berwen two incwiable ree. On one ‘de wuelogy dnetens, an the mosnlen sepeson of 3 teen? ‘thot the history of erent (Athenian ae Athen) om the ober Side the ik isha of never reaching the uniqueness of Athens, bez the ame in uae with he other, bette mover is more pow han anything dat denies i erhap at heart have singly tre hroghou ti roundabout joar- acy to demonseate What happeas when ove pts onelin the dma ofthe Same ad che Otic in ode to sgn ii eat: one thinks ‘oe hat ehoven one's se, the sane coud conceive of ta wih lout he ose, ors iFnreey one could dia put postion of ater iy, Doo it woud be sin o reread the Soph in onder tobe evinced af his but there i civic wage af these phiespbiingpo- lanes (te Same andthe Oe, Rest and Movement) whose impases zl everceaicent spe Pao likes to demonstrat, anit thi ve tage that eens me Therefore Ist in the cou fae tockthooy, in onder yt ela what untnale a concepe- lesan ofthe Same in aatement ofthe ype: “Ale ofall he Gree, ‘we are not immigants” Fer inthe element of movement, where one(64 Bom ofthe Bach most pt oneself s008 3 te wis ta jenn the ober ere, dhe al power rei fey ries. began ithe cane ia he Sarma, a would ko retu t2 Plato fn hi cape, ode to sept to szawer the qusion, ‘ebaraning to ay the le ofthe Platonic treatment of atochthons. ‘Why isda when be irdces myth of autockthony beter ows Under the mabe of the “noble fi” in book de ofthe Real, Pa tums eo the Theban mods, rather han to the Aberin which he d= ‘lope in the Meneses (howe echo reverbertes—t0d more than ‘sr —in the Rep? eis Kadmos the Stanger who may wel provide the ay to te enigms, fa desgrntng th atochthony ofthe cies of the Rapes a Phoeican ory" Skoninn le according to the “Laut does Pato, for whom the Phomicns have o pov reer nce tod to tgge 9 what pnt te other informs the se? In ‘he complete vention bee yonder kita) of myth which is 2 tei i, cen” But abo and ciety inthe project fautocitiony Teel that of Athens which Plo doesnot rest nly” and tat of ‘Thehs ntepated into 2 whol beh compost and of this occasion comply obveured behind the Fig of he anger ounde. "Noth Ing news Phoenician le." nor tht comes fom ewes, fo tn asochhowos pain the fom of pedagogic ‘Whats srange? One whom 3 Gres canst dpose of by cas- Sing on forall ume wer the heading of ot. cuarrex 6 Inquiry into the Historical Construction of a Murder “Today people min whan tn the eof cet eto be rere beste oe belonging at, ‘poe No sdenin bowery wi move ae inet ‘rtpeod sand man Mane th on oem cw of ‘hep my be expec depen cr inn th Soe with eh ey enced Sigman eal Ma nf Moi We begin wich the ary of pola mandee! The seme Athos in src some thieen yea after the death ofthe yant Passos, tho ws screed by hiss Oa the day of the Panuthenac, Hip chan, the son of Pests, was hill by Harmodios and Aro fpiton. Thr was atthe en of dhe tyranny ofthe Pets since the Fyne who wat overtrown in 510, dough the intervention ofthe Tcedemonians and te active hoy ofthe get Sly ofthe Al Inconke, war Hip le war an Akeeoni Cen, who ve [Athen the mpine af Hoty which Inter woul be termed democracy Harmodir snd Acitogto kil Hipia’ troche, no anny itl, tthe Athena, ong ar democracy ended, codeed them wor thy ofthe ade "Tyeamoktons,” “ile ofthe tran.” The Tyr soko were es chanpions of democracy than couple of toca Fein (companions), thee names tee: Him “he a semble,” and rnp “the bom neighbor” of “the bat soc” Dt in sch of here founden, Adeian democracy lee Os goby. or, peaps, but who would de acu a people of being mistaken sou fs naa ero? 6565 Born ofthe ath Fread and Thucydides ‘Thucplde wa the Athenian who dered accuse Aenian fein, singly mistaken about thor they eld the ene Kile. Not hat ‘hora wat a puns to cmec is err im eyes here wer fon imuny other eors satounding Harmoios and_Arstogston—and fpoveroncr—to impute to the people of Athena, for im to be co0- ‘Saned with he one tt made heroes of derneacy ox of couple of feta. Bet beat he wonld reveal the secret tha the clletvee- cory ofthe Athena a bicued, Thucyde could ave wate he ‘pening liner of Movs and Most, im which Fread takes on he (dry of dvoing the Jews peeple ofthe man whom they cone 3 berate” in the name of truth, In the ce ofthe Tyaanoktones, however, Iwill examine wit Tayddes aetaly woote. Which up pow at ne ticks to detent, and tothe tet alone: dt, renouncing, {he enlely revived dacumiom in the piblogcaltadion, one doe rot veck o etl with o aunt the ee, ether what relly sp ‘pened on tht day of he Paathenaea inthe yea 14 or the exact mo ‘eat of ths Fandament decepoon by meant of wich matte poli {St Clebthenes perhaps, oF Themitcle ave the deocray such ‘dbanble heroes Therefore cs node leinacy ofthe xebrion ofthe Tyran noktones whi nuns mei enough for me da the elbrtion ‘as meaning fr Athenins but the resons that ed Thies thus to deny al relevance o Adena tradtn, Pauly fel ee sons, sparen, since the horn tale! the question tie” fi, brim book one of the Popnesan Ia, fore devoing » detled sly 0 in the frm of digesion in book su. Parelaly com plated reasons, as appeot thot who pursue dhe complexes of fis ening in bok sx Here, thn, in outine i tbe lng digesion onthe murder of Hip para. The account of the Plopoanesen Wa bas ached the year 41 lreverbly, Athos has embatked onthe Scan expedition. But (he deeb yet leave ean when to tspioar—e, polit sande erie the maison ofthe Hemme and the profaion of de Mipseriee Albino, having been denounce, st reciled to defend hinel,becaue the people, who love and ahi in the same breath, spect hin of spring tothe tyany. Meanwhile the igiy pmied Historic Contrction of Murder 67 selene, "became de Athenian people knew though taton that the granny of Pesto an hs som became oppreine foward the ed, and dat moreover had ben note [Aree] sn Harmon ‘who overt hi, but her he Lcedacinonias hence they ied in far and were supcoun of everhing” Thueydies bats om log secount ofthe plot of Harmodios and Arszogetn in oder to take leat, he sa, hat 0 one, ot even the Athenians, bt anyhig 5 ‘ae fo ny abou this event Shor af he er of Lacnemon int ‘eoton-aod wth dhs fear, the ly comet anampon wih which the [storm cei dhe people al that rms ste ary of dang, ‘coup, aen out of 4 seinen imbrogko. Sip pt 4 lve ry wah an unhappy ending. Arstogezn love te beat epehe Har ‘modis of whom Hipparchis abo eauored. The ephsbe rjc the adrance fhe Son of Pests and confide in iver, whence the onpincy is bor. Here Taye ner the maa to present ‘idcace fr white hs ales moeined in book one dha de eyrnt ‘ow ot Hiparchn, but hit older oer Hipp. The story resume the jected Hipparcus revenge self on Hamed by harting hs younge ster, and the plet vo beng down ee ranny, therefore Hipp, kes spe. On te apoisted dey he oven, bebering ta he otha been Beayed, sh the rat atl dicen pon Hiparch “They kl him, and ae lb. ewig for hs pi ame che Athenians, and de tis prleed. Concho an eum tthe pine ‘of deparave: hated by the memory of anny, Athenian democracy lives in 415, in fea of compecy “The ath obser, to ny the least, andgencrons of adem ave ematked tht neither the point ofthe digression aor the concton fo be derived fom is argument eden. One cold of coune, sect cnc merely ising the clement oth tion which Thuyies submit historia sertn. These at for scoring the author of ss zthontasve Engi commentary Hic was ot he gt when ws Mild the marker ae ou of ove tno psig ofthe people ap tthe ine fhe md, be any hd Been lee te ‘eben66 Bom ofthe Bach ‘To thew four pon { would ald ih, les consequent in ap- psn and hence le tended, but sigan perhaps nonethls ‘ontry 0 the predilection evinced bythe Athenian dls for Ha ‘modiorprealenion rcoped,msorove, by de hoa bo ‘he younger ofthe wo compton, but the mata aul Aatogeiton ‘who takes the ina in what Thar, revning cb wl ont, Cl “the bold ded of Aitogeton and Harnodios” Sytem adap ‘on of he ponte poston to that of the dm? No doubt Subsiti= ‘ion of the lew excitable ietenperince of an ade forthe aos of youth’ and ence denial of ny Ic wo he ene Pecks Tat, and to etre othe Ess of the ry, whi mos obcare 4 ll i ile ims € Thucydides. Kehabizacon of tyranny? I. nigh lok th way fot what has ds to do withthe acount of he Peloponnesian War) Explanation ofthe dinate of Ahn in 45, by ‘wap of analogy? The analogy would have wo be opie, oat leas 1 Inotely edphenble, aburves Phlelogy, causicaly. And why i ‘Thcyider 10 clei concemed to cotect che enoneous opinions of ‘he Athens limos abouts own pas? This leads cera commentators to prope 2: “the mot pause explanation” dt be ssrumed on thir ocainn tothe urepreible "teupadon ofall itor to comect, ‘enor wcever they Sid" at he kf comproaisig the oven (rence ofthe ce” "The de for uh the horn’ weak pois? Since we mos nd by findings betaine ths propestion—ultzats expansion ot min- ‘mal pthc erve a pot of Spare, ‘Truth as Rectifstion “Tobey at he begining the beginning of te ary wich is abo the begining of hap tn fet he bold del of Asopsion and Harodas woes om ofan a cohen besa soy nea Il denote (eta st [1] he Athens... ] nace “Turing immedaey othe ie sentence of hap $5 Geto he “UE (gesion” concerning Hipp) Hiri Consmaction of Murder 69 “Thaw Hip atthe oft, who wat are, Te ron fom the pout of view of eon wid ee care nage notes, nd on hs poten cea (thom, Apepan,ithuizoms: cn demons the rt, serene Tam cer ‘sit. Viewed atthe model historian, Thacyides is he who rete Wht, tr been dire. Waring to the reader who may have forgoen i slong the way: Because he Bigs fr te ath, the ion eter al Snort, "Now ropa the Tymanoktone t's decidedly portato recover the tah. Thacyides ad aealy atemped it briefly ta stage postin book one Is the gus of conclion tothe reconueton of the drat pst of Grece whichis known athe Archaalogy, ad a0 to inwoduce the descpion of his methodology, he recs wo emo fortes of ro: he enor ofthe Athenians conceming thc pata ‘hose ois predeesor Herod whom eis eel port ame) on ‘ain point relevant tothe covtemporayhizory ofthe Lacedaemo tne An lege wy fearing he way fre pghany of eth in toy ‘Recovery athe eth, in the parca ce af the Tyrants but also in geen proceeds counter to memory. We sould ne be mised {Ferns more than once the snonymocs tre of cron, he ‘ot eroa vena of he hioran x wil ab Abt eng with (he emma bing 16 the ator; bu ako what one 08 te nent fone Grek the rl aon, th mediate fo the pat ba abo, memory Ale 4 Grek dineson of menor, rooted in heme From hr otine of methodology in book one, i lear hit Thacy- des sway of modal ofan Hea deceiving fr who erin fil ecoletion ofthe wesc piven in fect bythe actors orhiory’ even ewig dem case, ene no cae to the eth fa teens of con, the prot dog ack 3 pce! ooe can ge ace 3c- count of those one hak wieesed thereto eso, inva be cs always dre, eer dog the peaity ofthe ifoonans in fro of one se othe othe, o by is memory (Information: (oa oti rests corey ected Sr the reader's ‘icon? And however commited one may eo the inlet pee~ ‘cept ot a once and for ali the mehodologilouine of book one, Micon Consracion oft Mare 8r how could one not be pued by the men ning oto the scene of sn clement whch, once the patent af chic Rory en, wll ac eppear inthe acute ofthe Piponnsin He? os being perch al sued gznentons of reades who have found in nosing but pg problems. And to woniering i by eahishing hit text onthe border between wring and hearing, Thucjddes was not weeking to obscuee, eat he ca oft say an operation thar woul cons of ily expling ei fom the peeset by signing ts deeming ale within the longs period of yranny. "This would mean dat he accomplished ewo opraion in one. The fine consted of depvng te old mde of sy poli sigaifcation, rd th second wat nended to make love retet no the pao ore orem with greater serenity tothe tory of the wer, wai bad seumbled over th yea andthe moto np ofthe dls. But the dition beeen the to operations must be undentood wong ising only inthe near emporaty ofthe ana ofthe tex In coverdeterinaton, Thucydides accu knew only the ane wich be- ‘ame merged wit thereat sel. “Two opetion in one, andthe singe projec of xreting he prt at fom the gp of the past Denti the heroism ofthe Tyan- roktons ong fee the Athenian pls fm any excenive veneration fof ancient explo, whe pushing es tack to che ame of the ess eid epungs,provonly, signs ef poll imation from the rave In any cate Thc the aver thi pa Such a thesis and stpriscs of te Arhacalogy. Engagement in sn ener of rectification; coauaiction ofthe mer of one's con temporatcsrevetion ofthe oath, cued om gaan or bli, ‘ecomsuced and perp even sly comseuced: the enloundng of tron, caught in the act of minpprabension. Ad the covery of es which an cosmogony, invades an explantary principle he ater pre of here rgmenton, Reconsmting, cote e the wadtion, 2 steth of Athenian smemeny—one ofthe eat “ito” memoria ofthe poy ack ing the revered image ofthe itenton of Athess, dhe memory oft be- ras inthe radiality of his projec, the enterprise of Tanyas 2 ‘mine me of the tens in which Fred pears his conacion of 38$2 Bom ofthe Farh Egyptian Moves. No dou this aoition hs ed me 10 iss, some= ‘ines mors han [oad ave om he Akenen destin of the ex ‘ur aknogh I iy he fad eo complete dhe byptiess along the ‘way, adm dat ee hoi wat le nent on engin revelation {he Athenians xn on denouncing othe word dhe culpubleneglnce ‘of his co-cizens inthe mater of Binary, neveiles do no bebeve thu the tal shouldbe rected. One ofthe most opie denen in the thougt-worl of the Popnaion War the way the auhor bat of being Athenian, sees fi ety at Aen iien which he stone genre demands he record by way of rats, ving the book its opening word” “Therefore | nd prea hat the conjunction of Athens nd ns ‘sce in Thuy, and al thee moment was tbe pst. Aes the very ln of ambivalence forte hear: love, chs outlaw rom Isr dione: dhe pst, so mach xara the present and pa ‘Sealy this pero, bots somber and ghiy aged with sgniance, ‘hcompaning eb yur of he qmaamy—an Athenian venon of he povod evoked inthe outline of mthodlogy “wich aes ons mythic ‘hace by vite of atu): eee no doubt at atthe meet ing pin between the thee picions element a mean veri fermunaon at work, Andis grating tat de discovery of es Tine to te archaeological ener which the hutoron undrakes solely ith view to eng the thinking of the preset om everything ths init is cdo of development the pu inthe ft pice, but sho sea lowe, sa sedon se up 283 mod. But aleay te concacion ha ben eich ins at ecostinting svt iat ak in the zr other word, what precedes hema five rat leat che wag fie. afl to i pracie 03 i hic of dosing a acc onsen othe wodahop ofthe historian, “Thao bois wating he hieory of Harmodis and Ariogeton (esitovere?sinvnte? we cansot know) only when ay too-vsble ‘oer of te the sealing of itty have ben removed. “Thee wil ethove who find reetable, eestred by modemity to frequent anode ofthoogh whieh, ke da of Peudconsructing he Iander of an Egypaa Mes, would sot omit wo ake is own oper tonsa ject, One ight abo find ewarding to fespond to he chal Tenge of won hat de eres of ean Ths ave T ee led ‘by paige in Thucydides com nguiry oa he conseucon of history. cHarren 7 ‘Why Greek Mothers ‘Supposedly Imitate the Earth A generic pase repeated 2st were leiden by itor sd auhropelopiss of lon fem Bachofon and Dcteich eo Jean Pere Venaadconceming Greek representation f stn “I sot the eth which niet women, bata lato mys women wh n= ‘ete the earth” Or even move succinctly: “The Grecs ough st ‘women initted the ext,” "That such remark in ise supsing Ait its cing the sthor- i o Pho, should erate uranimiy is intriguing, and would contend ‘hat he ane athonty rot icin by Sol secu fr such agement and tht one came sepes this imation a sell ne out wihou angting soe enomous magia benef Perhaps in borowing spire fom de Menexns one ana enc, sd there, omens oto ew words he toaity of wh the ory of lig acts borne the fgur ofthe Earth Mater andthe apie meiosis in wich worsen are a eld tobe worked Fine, bt with dhe esenaton tainly Yonge — that Pion sues of min, wa al dee nea, always rae more ‘qenlon than they ele, But courte cae been Platonic mind cme most not dims agli quant: cer he testa deep-rooted oe the aurlip ofa phase which Hellen internal borrow fom ove another, othe point ongoing da i ‘a quotation, and adn the sats of immenoc Grek My hypoth isthe revene the eor common al the ws of this coxt coms, preelyDeaise they Wi owe a eedcing to &4 Born ofthe Earth 4 satemen, ted of aking the de wo read i ia is ene at ‘within dhe acu cones and development of agumens. ‘We mut aot, however, averenae the dermyaing ic fsck 1 projet etuming the pine ofthe Monet i thor 04 0 {ext doer nt mem hat one nourishes then, by “eorng” ie Pl toni toga, f ptng an end eo the uses and abuses whic have sade i os. And should we rely speak, a have dane, of = com ‘ual mom the pt ofthe scolly adion? Nothing les coi, because tb pouble thi thor who wat 9 xe th pre Ue er vice of tht wa dacpehip tthe Ear Mother Eno in round {howe way wha they adi hey know ate tha wings pre protects thm am Whar they do not witht say at ay pce. ‘Patch, bowel To bein with wil pretend be convinced Ue ‘scan peed in 4 counterion the high autboave sak thn, and elo that emai o realy mad the ext in nde ety i en the serie of omecthing the ha ole ‘i ek mecewary opt in conten andi the contest his com text. This te momen in the fier rion ve by Soca fr the ‘oie chorion on Athenian sutochtony. Hare i sated at de ttockhonow chives of thes ae ase "aot. ke oe, by a othr, bat by + mere etary they sabi” and Uh Bow St (heya deed ae bid, thy ro “in the Bi les [ein i pine (ote) Ian ve ep tik af the eile Oe of the fee dy in Frees "The ‘Useanay™ which eve them bi, owed al cae oe then.” Whence becomes eceary 1 are ‘encom to Ut nthe, andthe eae has no iene the Pe ‘oni fer ran pti” ia wich cer statement, ken sd ped to dhe kimi of 8 own loge, ef-s, ands pee that nthe de marty othe eho do wih the “noble 1e" ected twa tens’ be o she may be inpresed by this ent= ‘Sam for Asa authene moder ofl Ata Now we comet he Second pu of dhe eaconsuan, which tate eral 5 psi: 1 he dt pt when a he cath proce 2 ered anima of cry ind wo domenica? th etd ot hd sed {fae wr ben peo ge wl anal ba a ome mong te tinal he he and een ft er nse ma who {nile supe he te aed lone Blvd i jie nd he ‘Why Geeck Mothes Supposedly Iniate the Earth 85 gk Now tte ong evince a Grr f he auto ht ew ‘round wo og th the ncaa othe dea wn oe “hn ha eveyting wich serch Foes noua Re ate wit i gs ith by which wom vee thro ute rely ge ih ihe grag ang ln bathe det toposes ste of ounce hi). Thii exc wha at lindo, who nat hese sve ur ote mis iat root ther hig epee: Se soe ine se Bore the i of wheat and ey Man fod by wc he una Isbestand teal curse, Bec he ely i poe hs teil hele Now sah evidence hol ror ety be ced Tet of he cr an of women: noth eh wh itd ‘women in oeepen nd genrton,bt wore th (Menen 23789-2905) Reade pin, snd itresmbl—itononlly, bain thee pechaps grsiuney—s loi hove conchnion (our Ind eeated a) reent fom the boning Th the ie pice we have one ofthat poor dvs thst ae mocked ‘py Plt inthe Samar Aten nd everybody ee, o mor pccely “The whl et” opposed “our an.” The former wa reduce rein the way dirs ed produce wept, aldoog the procs ‘yee analy wild nd domes the ter, akendy eager ‘rodtion (who needs women afer ti), engendered man, Were ‘ese no hutan beings oss Ati? So we at upp fr the ene tong. Sibrering the autockthonout dcoune which kaos aly Ina (de), so ofthe land of Arie sd pxccaly ees aed, Pato saints a myth ofthe rg of humankind, abet one ood in the vl of Athen. [Now tere matt be proof proof tat “ous nd gave Binh (ere).” “This ie aeady taken ete of with the vee He, fr those wo iow tow to ead Since td dense above al human eepodcion— ‘compare the obecon ofthe ronal Xouthos to atoctoneus be- Tf he fon pea ek,“ 0 the Seat gies birth ‘hldren™—one sould undcntnd tht the meaning of Ui et om the Inatmiy othe earth conics th son that een boron ‘elve” tenet the dopa of parthenogenesis the text ref 05 ‘al reproducon.86 Born ofthe ah 1s a cpg the the heralded proot ies the fen, who alone permis de argument be rutined? No doa rections were taken to conceal the poe: che neste sobatutie put (every ‘hag which pres bi) se a generining an howe ll sea ing, bith, a tet wher feminine are oveibandint. The Word gd sean to be intodaced only ar a mpplementary example (4 moan “a, Bven more semartable he Aeneeaton of tat nose Wich the female produces a iefrable proof hat ake ha rely gen i is hie not deere perhape—to court macline abo, ‘which in the Esmee lade Apolo to fie the moter the mae of ‘ok 0 the ground that ke only mig he ned within er wich (he fither he plied" I ct fr emoved fom ll hove Gre des of prey patel heed, hit age nthe Meet ah Son to ther, nor even at mee “ower” Te te that ip a ‘odious mth ke sower snot mecesanly 4 Sher the Ths Spot were aver the sons of Kadsua the Swe, andthe Athenians were burly the som of Hepastr whove dose feiined de 0 bt {ists eadoml the dacoune which opposes the woman-Grro do ‘messed and aed by the arcane of mariage nd the woltaty ‘ils of the al-ele Exh "Frm dangle, well represented by the ‘Sedation of the Aeschyess Apel, the wer the contr the sexve principle ad mame giver" eontoning a ine fil a reson fhe cd "sa sanger() a ranger ("Ince inset sence which ‘he Meron observe on the subj fay (al) engedre, shold Wetec the ig of realaetion of the rl ofthe mother? Thi would rainy not be the sl indetr of mich 2n operation in Po" Bat it must be acknowledged thatthe very abence of any “gical” vo cabulry in the phase conceming the fle depres of a legimacy the we o which hitras of relgon pr the Monsen ‘The Fise Man, or How to Do without Women Under the auspice of tpt (aourdment) he argument whore sicalitins ate spree undesined a ever, peso the male to deca s thoogh nothing had lappenc: “our nd lo, who at the sme tine our mothe, fishes -safciene proof...” I the "lesan cro bale, noualsent appropente © umankin wich ‘Why Greck Mothers Supposcaly mine the Eth 87 ‘ow eas wins he lnd of tics having real gven bit man [And whit more, before any appeariace of hamaakind ewes on anh, The sl of Athens a pr ews ne inventn of man? More re able at of mankind. Tie woman the ie decidely 20 ‘mote thn supplementary, and ano te does she receive the mame ft, whichis eer for the ea ad form a exreton 3th fick a wel-soppored demonsraa, what eae Gf mpi Bs 2 {keny prompt his or ert be wary) would dar remark tat, Hke nh, gf trode by ht Cte and ao." and wonder which ‘tthe oo, teenth or woman, inthe end domizues the the? Bata ‘realy the text orto obcare the questions ts sed, ad thee {onal ewan ke over the eth “sand aloae” "The i: fom she anterony of fe hil, we may on dade fom now on tha the cath expla. Aad rele t second ‘nk, woman reduced to dhe resources of tation. eis still pose {hat ome mpicion emai 2 tothe demonseadity of the line of igen we end enly Be aare Uta ft have woman more eal fngoen ce ved of her pretension to he ide of mother i wa ccemayt dias her deinsvely witha teenth ohig in he page rey suppor “nich evadence sould more realy be aecepeed fn bel of dhe eth than of women” Why? Doubles by poe a= otaieenument since no other explanation given. Ad the ara ent hates concn: "it not the cath which imitated ‘women, Bat women dhe eth” “To replete: positon ofthe Athenian Eats Mothers big sory ins finer orion, nd Plo congpcvouly compe wih the ‘lt ofthe geore, while inthe rs ofthe Ptoniccoras the Bath Mother enjoys ony the purely nstumenal sans of wei or s8- docive mut" I would therfore manta tata grog station the lan word, Pao provides fir tone wo wosld read t= sre ncaton ‘hac thi i indeed the re, philsphileuon ofthe pase i de “Mew, a which woman i dapowsaed of any primordial Unk ‘natrstyatochhony obige!"—only afer bavingsepprted an een til point inthe anoment. The dae splcxsorinflaed on this al meaning txt Dome al de more oboe when ome extacs om edhe veatece on minds inorder to come w he Mache ofthe arch ‘ype mater of the eth88 Bom ofthe Banh Teshould ato be noted th, Beane oft approximate acer, the ay she emesion i quoted opicaly date the ket of dete Repeating “women inate the eh" one commis + wold sn through intention co the tex: by wuncatisg the quotation one soi having tke account of the fint par of the phe, were the ngaive ‘eat srongly eembles a denial" and by resorting othe present ese, ‘one thinks ones imposig the semporl and repetve bw of mien, Bat che verb menial not preset some; Ha pect, which, a» ‘fen in Po, express event whore consequences end, etl 2 pst evens." Ths evens undoabedly ath, origin sel, which along ‘withthe maternity ofthe sof Arie as tthe record for good: the sein of the earth ones exablibed, woman would always ocuPy (he potion af init. But we Know thai the content of tation, ‘i aly aly thie Piso i sggeting. And tas spy eanpored back oon, herr berween womtn andthe eat or the se ofallpowerll pene aries once ast 1 semais to undentnd how and why the wales came 1 be ‘unde on sch an intention tothe tex, at to speak of eer svoidaace of rejection Reconaraceng the “how” would pressor 3 Tong and pact integaion of de eoulty of he dail edison, Wich Twi not here aes dhe “why” f this ai at er ‘sm hee Or in ther terms, the question of advantage: what gh be the advantages eo the Grck eadion mecked by Pato, ofthe ate ‘ent tat th ext confinement were howe of te Erk? And wat advantages do dhe history and arropcogy of Greek elpion resp even row flom the iacaaonl rpeation of 2 formula Ut vous ‘woman to mitaon? ‘forthe advantages to Grek though, have eramed tothe ques Sion ere tines. Ang in dei of “aes.” Thave pada formed varied and sometines contador hypotheses al sing something secon Grek “The Bin and simple, hart do with wht one ane by materials tng worm, Jest the exth woman is creature paged ert aed Pasive according to Semonide of Amorgon” 0 3 probable that by ‘edscing woman to the inition of the euch, one ae er 3 com ple mater extence, wich repo er toward ayn he role ‘Of pure cep an yielding scion and voul tothe male wiht = ‘Why Greek Mother SopponllyIitate the th 89 fie “Mates matey on dh one hand, fee and productive fees ofthe prin principe on the oer: Bor the plo of Ash tov the speculations of Bachofen to name only one—what 3 ti ing biperon! Sale, but of a simpy which Gd oot sty he (Greeks one "The secand hypoess, very Grek, ha do with the pertion of cooceptalnng engin without women that is before woman, this = omen, apace. In Hood men mu ire parte from he gods bo fore they may rctive the "beni ei thane who Bebeved thea ‘ees tobe de man nce on pity dscovered thei sans sexal bring on), Befoe ze was 3 Golden Age; with or with ‘ut gs belonging to seme, the same with the ame; aie, he ‘iter ste of male exitence andthe acca subjection to mariage. -Morsver inthis ype of scoune is neesary to pinpoint when i= orgate everyting in the Bath ‘Mosher ate no sll pnsng the be phantom. The Fah the One, sole nconiemble medi, we he fein, caught up in proces of Stan, iv always enuiple, To speak of ham genic one ys noche. "Wat rial eading ofthe age inthe Menara wil ver sue~ ceo in tdng we the habit of rpeting Sat "is pepuey and gn ‘ration ts not heer tht mites women, but women the eat”? 1 doube ea any could succeed, so great the exent to which is hms, beyond ts pecially Gresksplestins, ma il evake echoes ‘with wr, Echoes sch the epson tha ie eit race fora sar (ist the exch) ft eat he example Freud gies of nee tion My moth, eis hee") ha ws though repetton, to anc- ‘ate nptvizedwernce evermore dsely wih the qoeion of moti- hood. "There are other exons which gps that Hens wl cote fo beatae oth pm for ame tine to come, Rexons which on ‘nae stat wel om the Meena this tex sie ed apint the finedege tnsepretaton whic has epee Spewoed) om te smactae ofthe pobln ofietion” 0 om ‘he bic inherent nthe ge ofthe mother. T wl give some ofthe eon” for the ake of essing the wet ‘et ponible range to te dba ‘Blame shout no dou be sre te it instance ode abort ire ofthe muhor, whew wting wih deep encoding permits {eeacles quae of iterretion, primary apt seconry. Tam fate ta tie nd plas at second reading it nt exy to nd ‘Why Greek Mothes Supposedly fit the anh 93 ‘one's bearings, cite inthe Greek Sout of he pre, where only ‘mein! manages to escape the act anorances™ ow gr gah ‘mein wt ha old), o te eonsercion of re sument, wher, the absence of any masedine coment the fe ‘lcs eh, wey, and moder ad eo inert a he ery moment ‘when they ate supposed render themes dice terms ofan, the teri hal es enced and wih ‘ot embucking once agin on the gsetion of mimi," one maa he ‘of being caught i the inus configuration ofthe debate on arta ‘atric ofthe to imitates the ether) a way of broacing once ‘ore tof the itr nd the as n woman, Somscume ths 526 (oF deine Id to categorical cecvene to the affrmaon, fr ee ple hat "[he ington] wil weary of conceting rahe han hat ‘ate wll weary of plying" and in fc the Menez oly po ‘in thelr ha en decide ore the stare But ding ims {ato a nope tere (an seca wc mit), amount, tied by the proposal one, ping the eth nde poston of ast ‘bjt of hemmed acy nd even f woman sql abst athe earth in the sbjc role, fr every somewhat demanding reader the ev dove: femal imitason but tecondary and dative com sed 10 egal Imitation, bry reinforced by negation, and with ‘Stich only the earth ie sorely eed ‘Ace ase dime intention to heer of he text probly ares from the to power of meen, Why J speci in Grek re- pen ogter nly the ofa setuctional verson? Because inal tae tins it fr he human ose the vie, nl moral ca oly copy the lor ofthe exh, ore ofthe Fath, ince the hry of rie fens has permanent erdowed gf wi 2 cipal leer, unlike Pt, ‘vio newer gave one Athenian si, A reastring wopeof "scent howe, snl nein the ght diction ‘Bat cher is more than one an, IF wonnen muita the ea, skis beer the opposite would be dangerous, and mst be prs “Wa ould worms be who free the ath ost ber other has a witch? (We know, even the Greeks den tht watchs we destined forthe sake) Mow imports, beau othe fave no Name, sat iy evade efletion, uo tht motherhood mat be exabised ebe- where, ouside self smnthng mat be made of ths dee lence Eaablibed inthe slid andthe ambl, of which Hesiod94 Bom ofthe Bach (Gs, "Broad chested eats, solid foundation ofl forever tbe very pnd: orn pls, pare fx the en the pce wo be pid fr ‘hen tht concn be minis longas heal too ple ie of mother be soured of being essed by repettion, everytime a ‘woman gives bit, From Plato to Bachofen and Beyond Accolia w historians of Greck rion, the case i led the ‘Greeks considered the matey of womea to denve fom the ena sey fhe Earth, bcs hey ebought "woman imitate te eat” Eva if thi surement mast be accorded a prvieged postin inthe conscious ofhisoians of eligion the Eat Mother sail igially 1 Greok ies, and the Geek contgsanon ofthis question mma be ex tinned. Ove and abowe the anembling of convergent fe of the {nd cl ipsam tempt ing he dcoanes somesmnes ‘isons, atached to this subject in ore odetermive the conitions tnd sppicasone of mich «pre. Nasal I do aot ited vo mouse such a progam, and wll iit my examination to he anal of p> est da epoxy src, in both seine and moder ore, om the we, ene or ne dat made ofthe page nthe Mewes when ‘ici that "woman imiatr dhe ah” ‘Among modem hitonam of Grsce, such a dedaaton gently bends or concludes coments on Greek manage w metaphorical lowing andthe very ral onal ofthe Thesmophors tested in ‘ow al pole erase. Two pilin of thou eres, tvhore tance willbe ey recapitused, ‘Woman, a Feld to Be Plowed In sppor ofthe stement atin mariage woman isa fil to be lowed by man, ree proof are generlyofere, aways the tame and 9s96 Bom ofthe Earth salva oveelted th instatom! beret formu econsinted a 4 comedy of Menandet, cain erry formulations, charctezed 3. metaphor,” of ths reciprocal easy been massage and pw ing and a tat of Phasch sing the te mos sacred kad of Labor (plowing in Athen conjugal labo (plowing). Whence it eoneladd that, im her procresive function, "Woman [...] now iented [wat fe” [Ae the carer of this colleoson ithe word anton, glowed in Chana’ Desiounie dmigggue a “plowing. plowing sexo wheal, bares gare, proteton of ilren, ce,” Du wvhen the ther of he heated solemnly declares tte o0-- law that he gies hi his daughter as rss for legate cide. i "Sgr" reilly the comet enn iteyineances of och ge, all belong = we sal se, poe lnguge, prompt me ther to recall the pace fp of the “ctphor witht metaphor” For ‘hey passage ch hatin Oe Rer which compere pall or ‘mation ating ad pin pa, ares ofthe cat and chee ‘of women, how many more supe frmalton ar there, mach he Inthe Cniyhs wheres sug ht he name of th ign Aes ‘ome fom hr hated for the plein of men ir women? Thee i a0 the se ofthe word nia, bos in Pls an in cage a the mot 3p rene metonymny.” Herween wonn 5 Sel) and the sexe 2 a pela acy there appeas to be pret eaherence sd many ‘Bore such insane can be provid. ‘Ac dhs point itis pect natu they sy for Nora and 23- ‘duopolog of Grectreligon t evoke the Themophons, whose tal program fe ao ther am than the eenircing of the slogy be ‘ween the Fr ld ap the female Bad To thi ed cna dese arate, automaticly displayed by «ritual ensemble so compen that he mening ofthe tials filly apprchensblein i indocably tigarian ad sex deasion, sre wiped ot. Tice bas element he te reine the apport between hs sue ceremony Sh it ngs ‘hop is, elated by women, ae spose to eae ely he ‘vert ein been de de selon of wives snd th crue sox ‘alin the ymbols they manu andthe dsogue they exchange and aly, fom the “pin” of fetal in which wemen “ini From Pato to Bichofen and Beyond 97 tthe ld way of heey dedcton os memo rg Deal tee Anda hs fir te pee gory ce mami ace cathe kine wines of cies eas he a ‘Mw tea? Aloo ce, xy. Modeling my venion ona dar ines of thought, awe cl, ise pared oa sl ov ars “Fin conidrng ems rnin om he ae tw at ‘simporant to emptied he ul cobeence ofthe meaphoral fed wore ported by mde cht hn eve esi. To rite ar -arnge i lowing (ot a wich woman te Brow {suman he bore (ot eriny cesta aber coee, bot pti lngnge ever tthe cape rept nd the ged end ode the mae ore fen owe” a at “plowman! Without lepang over he hms the ower, on must code htt he socton of woman a fel and Ua sone, thick the deeming Bee zie close wp ding we mat ompled conceming the Thomophora Ione ign the pees ‘nga wn desta canpl. it proves ingosil ence ‘renting apt yb —a so wo dm compe” Other gucson thn ate Dect anos ily be eed 0 he “ich Mote and ifthe Tasmopborsreemble 2 macs” a Gal under the awples of inepnble Dect and Kore, wy is Inatnce on the cc leiimay fine whe men ae oto he Fe ‘er or att problemac Bacon's towes" who, scoring> {Belo teu sappenmnthe aon whch he as ere?” [8s he poli dinenion ofthe fsa on which al eps cece dre marge aby ol at he pe 2 CEnpony dion nda the cong We re Bom the ‘engl codes of cong “plowing” andthe unegoc es ‘ion of woman wth th a Temas caine more roughly he sate fhe, een ininate rasp wich so ofen hypothe! bernen woman tnd the exh, Meups? Aog?Asimision” As I hoe tee trod pcs mek in oe ste, the sh eon {Bip com on to oe them inten The wear who seach gpa datos the ret ily cerning he ‘oe of cohsat direntaion brween amon, meter, snd tes" Sat cen nacho, who formated he quson ung98 Bom ofthe Bark rs devin idetificaon/indiretacon of woman a the eh by denying hat agricultural ges ae simply "was of peaking” he siti seems tome inevesilywnsable Hence the sme page f Det “Matic ecwas an ined escllation beevern equtalence ac compare, scl woman, om one rete to the a, ed Wo Rp othe er and betel ater ei” Amid all the fomstions how can one decide, given that he r= Inioeabip beeween woman and the cat ees to hiv ls odo with sstopention of thooghe soli inthe nga ope han with ‘he base afin, immonbe and abo teed archetypal bese ar ‘season benween the ts cannot be precielydetenind? Is bes Chat the Mom with i emonce abo inition, fer ono tle aerate olin, an thee unio gremon o weld al fa questions (hich, a Bucofea clearly sw, are much move Han 3 Simple mar of terminology) by desiring with one oie tit won ‘mater he each" Bren though, a gently forge, the Psonic gig mindy ler mare goons han ‘Bat im onder to del wth inherent iis of Pato indi iti fngorant to tke sno secount the context and te ator of» pase ‘which Helens bomow fom one sneer nein, othe pinto | forgoing th its 2 quotation Te would no doube be isacave and 3 bit overielming to syematcaly set ourbot he spectrum of degre of omision ad th a of eerpretone which ate Bed oth he, Hing ile te fr cllecng cross, [wl ity ere to the mention ef few exemplary or paral tk construction “There ar hve who do sib the phe to Plo, whe ving coweat dt the punage in che Menscarsert pai © ave ‘woman, ate the formu of Po, iat he ext by rseving within er the sed which the mals Ia made to pent” bat do res singuby alent om he Phonic version. Thee aa tho ‘who think that they have fous in the Alexa the de tt he eth ‘the fine woman" And thee who Gort the quotation forthe sake of| 1 hight peonalied meaning, when Jase Harson ai aco) anya chapter of hee Pome the Shady of Grek Religion devoted to the "Making of Goddess well the who, quong a scond- and, seh to Pato remarks he would have pes diel tg From Pho to Bachofen and Beyond! 99 ising his owa.* And al hose in great mers who tute the Pl toni pteriy ofthe formal o chance: Ladin Prete, for whom he ‘ilopher i expensing hime “n psa.” Albee Dicenich, wi feet ie = the sample enunciaon ofa pope el, and Gna Andie te, 0 whos ill eset down wht his predecesonmeray ean eotood an immemeril ah whore for lone, alos aiden, i Phonic othe he emt frm of he Men mye ed fo he Inn nit of he pte ese if ie tt pt age aif he ar Woman ey wih ss pontncomly, aleve coronene smh oc (Pe thn pa a oie onion, ge) ‘What | mints hari the exct opps: the ental ear, com son tall the wes of ds text, eae Uy dee only to te con Shin rodcing i 0 2 ingle sentence, intend of reading iin en tome snd aecorng co he developmen of rgument History ofan Onision ‘Before Temibark ona hstory of th tization ofthe Meezms, ‘wl zara pothesis, proposing o identify in Bichoten's Matec ‘one ofthe sential ages of “omission.” “To my knowledge the in citi of the ple fc the Mex erin Maton aes gut indecty in Latin, and at second-hand ‘Soe Bacofen quote the cela Renaisnce junit Cas, ho ef 9 Plt. Thi ake place in page devoted wo the in Sete posed the ane, then ofthe cy at belong eo the ther I Gelert eth di "ju ml of marl cen in which woman Sth lr and the her compare wo the ower] Roman ‘connec the che ps nd the par anal. .Mater in ‘in sl rear Caen on thi pit, lam ile mat, Pato00 Born ofthe Banh fn Eptaghin™ Pao, cprred in Latin easton. I achofen di not ‘ose the immense eradson hi work demonstrate, one might hin that he knew she Men phrase solely om Cac etn. ‘The second atin, occuring inthe chap on Aen, is edo ‘oppor the ainmation ofthe opr of he peal race nc ted by Ze over tater igi and chohonic lion, which go and im band, Here we ler at for woman, who te ear el?” and he “rae ail,” fc the eo, the word of Apolo reducing he moter t thes of une ae force: "in the Menem, Pao and theo Pltch afer him, Bey sy the fllowing: ew necthe eth ‘vlc ates woman, bat woman who sittes the ei, an 50 for ‘Mlainal fhe female ex [2 "= Thalthequotion bere, Beas the ext of Pach hs ley n= ged on thi of the Menon, adi Bet Buchofn, who proceeds ‘with onamerbe references to Parc, bs cited Pato on ehrough an rcerp fom the Tai-Tall, which tenets with the Mover pre ‘Shey wee oe have chosen to ae th concason ofthe theme fet and woman: “Benseie sot ss Po, the ear that mites woman, be woman wi iu (init) he earth Twitto Plata then hatte ton owes the presen conpgation of imititon? Ie might well hive orgisted woth Cars, supposing there ae no othe intermediaries. Bora fmt moder ation of ‘nso aod antroplogss of reign concerned ei peel pos sil tht ito Pa a edb Basen. Bachofen isis om the ne lee pesont ofthe aw of itation, wile the enone in the Tale Tabor avg Pio, has ea a egeh wit he question ofthe tga of generon (att gene), al designate a "fit geers- ‘Son” (ull ge, ech wi evenly be eveled in highly enon ‘a faon to have tke pie “Uns othe power ofthe engeadre, ‘Sect and without ntemnodary a the ps ofthe exh" Adon, then, more ood in Bacon an in Pre, not 0 ype of Ps. "But dat tot ll IF an ight eo conser Bachan 2 sree lone sures, maturly—o the plein guosion a nce of eminions flows tht of the ame of Bachofo tel (ei hi work, 00 ‘quickly approprited by opposing bor overly poled cumens of ‘Bought, nots reputable yours, and eherefore Bachan note) ‘hen the name of Paar, whom Bachoens remus tr int a pure From Phto wo Bachofon and Beyond 0: ominuton of Plo, And its not cen Hat, fom one end of he ‘hin of bartowings othe other the wer ofthe ple ae all wate ‘hat the ar ely hing Tachoen cing Pate, and ot Pte Ife athe “omison. aleay mestoned of realing the Moms he sens comple. ‘Bur we have’ fished wid Bichon, The paws, sll presens woe, makes ate tid appearance in Matin on the abject of clare and manage in the chapter Egype "Agiclare he tape ofthe enjoin of man and woman. in the eh Ivhich nites woman, bu woman who states the eah"* And Ba hon continues, witht the mere rerence to Plt The ence anor be saribted tlc of equates with the Monee, cited many ene in ciferene coma st Ds Match.” Thee 33 fad ‘nena eon forth fr Bachole, afr many of wc, he pls hs become the anonymous exprsion of4 wu indsingis- "Bie from eign el! Doubly “origi.” Decave eh do wi he (tof which comes, Here sere wht ca only bean exemplary fagnen of i is tory of + clauon I ave, moreover, no poet in mind other than proposing ths rections on hw for consideration. How a toni bul up, wit everybody peatng everybody ese and general fogs Ag the repetition fas occured, and therefore not being concerned ‘nth finding out how the aon a come about. Bar bo bow one het and abun tox, athe danger sha lk caren extraction fom a wodk a chbone a: Pato, of “eh which one thinks one ‘an emove fom Patni juin eae it eaden to reflect onthe benefit incompal, o judge frm the denser I ve at hal pene mus arse fom densving of reference + Phrase now petaied i onlin ode to ai ‘hat ir tdy the wma wo inion te eat, and no he contracuarrer 9 Ancient Motifs, Modern Constructions: Earth, Woman Some ns fom Bachofen's Das Muto: “The undying icp of apt at ofa rete nin of {exes Maer bog to bth Jt he cm a3 lowed ek ‘oust ig of y, rota Bo he ow opened by He Plows don the cl psig om he mie rum he Sabie word for he em own el th us [ae whce i 8 Sow, om ed or So Pac ele ao we 0 et ‘be eadrng pine of los et ean in be moun hi ey {ave ceva ihe low te wound theca he nan wich woud he ral Be of wor | Pato indod, om band ro anole the wnion ofthe ens withthe practices of pours ha eal the end of tory; the retention of "he word “wound” sn "wounding suggests tht hing might be more ompliesed Moder pate, perhaps. despite. dhe reference 10 Plaarch-—or becus of fr—since in hi schol sippor ih Greco ‘Roman antgiy, Patch ead suena remove to have proceed by tconsracioe nt sinaly by construction. Neveelest the subeance of Bcf’ runent when ancien, ad ead ing the parngaph mobilize inte memory of the Helen the aie “Spell epreentains of mariage.” “What the Korn expences dhecdy Your women ae [el of) ako for you. Go o you eld of bor you ike, and werk fr your- sso in god ine"), the Gros fons fr mariage Ss Mees in ‘Ancest Mots, Modern Constuctous 103 lbp, when dhe her announce tthe idea “I give you ‘ay daughter fr the haves of epi cide (en pin ‘.” Hivening? Taking gota ote os pose ts Metal meat {ng prodoce “plowing productive of lepante cin.” Refsnes hound: tg apd phlovphie tes im which ama (ld the fo ‘mae "il and ater it inexialy plowing ond hares, without ha ‘gto pas, sins Greek eommlogeal eon, trough eraation” 22 "Sgurive meriag” ofthe wor In he eymolopsingpecultiont ofthe Gry, the vgn Aeris expe hough her ame the "a tad she fs tow the plowing (aon miss) of man in woman.” Dieter leery exeesious of dough whach cord to iodans ofrelgon sao exprened (fit eres) hough ital ding he ‘sleraton of the Tesmophor, the fal of Demeter the awe served for manied womtes, wives of czens in ft, wh alone ae ‘qed eo honor che odes of gi Terry “metuphon™ verified though regis rsa who would not be satised with te tol picure obained trough soc conc tion? Who woul ne henclorwar wate ag seleendens eth that “woman & idee [Jim hee proceatve fonction, a 9 Bela" (nce sacked up in mal appa teats and ites ae oneved ofa lating» founding principe or at aa uoivenly Grek principle, which Pto wou ve expresed as “woman imitaes de uth” And species ill over ech other quoting 2 ine from Pao in permanent isoktion from is cote, which allows one to ignore the Psophel tage concen 2 pane where hidden meaning cons ex Te wl be cer dat I incine toward the pinion that sch n ope tion i problematic, in tht i bring together the heterogencocs a it would the sexterd pieces fig poze. At the lea the mere ‘empl the one can dani the diely though bepng tex aed sts “spent” ental the enon tone ba son ‘eeu the Grek view of mariage. [Fone resto condone ctogoscs ‘which some vague without oo much asi, one ean be eon tent a an be and have ben, Bu there one wep ta eatot be ‘ake thc which noun to frablyreptating de dima in dhe mater boson ofthe mae then wa occa when. on gre the Hee names of Pando and Gain to woman and the ch, and ‘when, batening down one on tap of he he, one texts Hesiod oF04 Bom of he Bath ficial spokepeon of ti fon, which then becomes hardened into econ. Pandora, Made of Earth “The Heide ven ofthe cretion of woman it twice ete by the post a myth oe rae a portion of mth, concluding and cow ing the story of Prnethes, with ee gas devon om ech tere isoboaly nt onitereing eat he ie wou, Dono inthe Thespnyngien sna nthe or nd Daye Bt in bo aes the woman as pduct of efiarsip rait. f ot an ari, modeled by Hephasios on the onder of Zz: "2 Eshioned maiden.” "The tena ta cat the necewsry mata a hisseulping or por terymking, and da ie at be moked with Yate: BO 375 2 more, and there orton todo wolence wo the ences of the etn ‘tert uacover tal co the Ear benesth heer? Stch ste ge ‘re wc aft econ he analogy of woman a the earth, the rest major of Hesiod’ rae find neces. “Sine th eth cet in the Thon zodacs mage andthe ierennton ofthe ers int tbe word of men, i there sy need © ‘ssipn tthe ext conclion whic ie doesnot da, ceding Hesiod ‘yi che es tha ftom now on max st bor woman a one abo si Besa in dhe Works and Doe woman reeves the mame Pat- dor, climate to neglec cheeyzolgy of this name interna 10 the satire fa order to ae that, given that "Pando one of he ‘amc of ch Eat Mother, the bade who is 0 named is bots woman dearth?” [donot bebove so. Kater han being 2 pin totems ‘ely ecsblsh suit which one ings low but which ay Bare tre eite, it world be beter fo eke noe ofthe Aflencersome ie sya and T would haar Ua st of fem ae—and mae we (of thee sich, a ste emplacements or byereton points fr the ly of ean inal complesy Tn ocer werd, T would ie {eppropriethe tem sed by Peat dance himself Eom the i= Jing eden of Lou Ane Suomi "The ney of is wld ces tome to go without ying, or derve no moe ha penton. What i= ters mes the aration sn eaten (Sin wd lena oF wha there woul Be at in exces mas.” Anceat Mots, Modem Constructions 105 Cerny in the seape withthe force of orignal deste (which x sho the deste Fruity), sing is bound 9 hol pod she end a ‘der all Genteance, Did Feud Mirae bas aciee ei? eer J nvotigton, but dt i another sory which woud led ws oo sy, Let etm to our earth worn, Beeme cure atone gin lead wo lt to polyphonic ms, see lf atenive vo the de senty of Yee, and Tsppor a eal wo reading prcies ha are r= ‘pect of separation’: beside Panon the nivral giver, T would bo ‘apie forthe mantanance ofthe sngulanty ofthe Hest ire who ‘evs fom alland ies nothing, coherent with completely exe ‘od extene which hardly prapote wd fly.” “This by no mess plier tat one mast a0 any rape be tween the acount Hesod and occurences f the dine epee AS long # one dow ace fret the eons of dinar in which se there wil eno redeton ofthe oer to represeatons which unde aly comnts conten, bu which has obvious oe de ed in order to deine is own tnectoy. Otherwise, f etme (0 tiplicy rely oo song, il nded be necesary wo yi tthe Ahir oun ad to comstuct sins woat hans, unseat ‘mobile. One must hos. ‘One mst chose: pelege the sonancs and flow, with every smyth, the nuative amework which ere i pei, choowe Cy and contac» dicoue which it loi and res power. Here ery ello mde—and has aay been mae, through highways and Tyway—to ope forthe former, which considers the agricul fon of mamage, whatever ey ninsttionaldicoune, as completely lnadeqte for eadenng afl coun ofthe my of Hed. Bat he ler, which power he enty of woman andthe eth acs 2c ther anion nor legate ination, and fa long sce ered fo place: Let me merely sug dat, inthe aniling pefecion of ts all ncompaing ciboratons i productive of gus mys, which He ly dere be ted Foremost onion Le ws 20d {be word "erat" to ely dcredted by the peaing wins fen pe intellect pleare ual 0 that of dhe marae ene see Tei hee, where construction becomes deliious wi ein, Ua we serra to Bachofa, and hi estahmeat of aclu a the very sa Ing-ground fo the pincipl of materi.106 Born ofthe Far Gaia and “Gai,” or the Conjugal Agriculture ofles moderes ‘Ween wid highly coasted argumentin he Egyptian chap ter of Da Maton ‘Wet done thn then ern ce and se mot ‘td fro ag oi: th wero Aphodern bai aps0d te ig or craig age, The Sn omens wares ‘amp proton, th wen red ale Dang te 0 ‘a sap te ef are wich model sd mere of he aman condo, Nate eed arce. Apc the prone he conjugal io an ad woman the oh wih = {her womin be woman whois he eth, Mange wo sen by ‘he ence aa agi elon, and Bomowed 6 ete ic ‘ering te cama of aptcdre Note the expesion ‘pt pay wal am, ein, gegen in comesoe with Be {fu ao, ad the ane Cina Ga he riage oma Gai ge Gale es moe tn eb acer he efron of ine ew su pee ‘inode aa age = Tn onder obese iat the pisces ofthe pre, lets easine the ‘composidon id development of is pasige two sage othe cae hinory of makin, so des ofc ‘uz, boa sone by mata. Ine ees othe jit Bacon teers, ‘haw ithe mom inporane produc fcuk, sed by men ie ‘any. Ths nln he aw ceri that mia pice ‘ni petty, Nohing sf, which cannot be imposed a re, Next, minus eFen the pancasion to inde quoton, Pos hae conceming the initason of heer by woman sine in he Pig ie an anonymoesaverion of eth hs a meas of tly providing one with Greck suppor. evn white conceatig the lel Connection beneath» genera av. a cis pate pivot tte pa Sige incodaces the Me tha jc eminology borowed Bom tpcare—and im agricola nce more han vorbis ‘tke, The Paton imiaon hu been ered the ngage ftir {efor Bachofen 3 “rection” of Lea ‘Anvent Mois, Modem Comsrscsons 107 ese tht this direct bomowing expres in word o oct tions. The hares asthe ulimute aim of Greek mariage “way seating” (Redan) wich Bot in cage and tn Poy iat [feenson trough apicukanl procedscy: fly the Reman frm ‘snetioning mamage in conclaion. afer + few other exp, jt so many tokens toed int the fe on conga] act, thers the tement tat it {sles a mater of ctor maf pie than the staghtinwatd ad subeoieexpresion of dhe Gnade developed throvghos te pat ‘Bap, which fnctions aan analy t ee Book 4 whole ‘We ee aleny sequited withthe Greck mates of hs con- section, Begining ws the actnblephrve i the Menon, which schobinhip may be cting or plgarsing fom Bachofen without stop igo acknowledge i debe toa work oo eal propia by op- ping poli views and beace according wo the aradense prude of Hellenism, dscedable Let us fn fo the Roman materia othe ames hat according to Bichofen conse the adorn ola of muige “Where You ‘ar Gaia, Tam Gua” A wy of expring tha the nt—the mac line— the iver of form and meaning to his wi, whose generic nae ‘ns feminine ile ofthe hun" Or away of deca, i he ‘work of Poach om "Where yoo are ord and mater ofthe house, ‘Tam lady and snr of the host." Whether sich a fora pro serves he semory of woman, + Cain Cacia wo wat an exeplany ‘oe, whether was enonconly proces by generng om 40 ‘tile leaves Dachofen indiflren" Asa Cayarsype phlog” lide concered wid ancien explctions of Garand Gai, hese ‘much mare thn convention ia thee mame: nature, aways eprom Ing islf decd, oe, seexpened to be undentod in i rg sal pati. ‘Bachofen convinced that tete something origi in Gala al- ‘hoogh ie ns ad to proced by conszuchon weund the mune of he en oder arvensis ‘Lexus go back the beponing. For che reader, everyting began with an enigmatic wentnce i he fine pgs fhe chapter deve to Upendra appear tobe onan equ fon with each ben ”™108 Born of the Earth “There ism pint in rereding gain and aun what bviows: ina seotene of Greek provenance, here x Gas (whom rea in Gres, ike te Hesiod name of he Each Mother) beside gw, ie the most ae {rae of enon nes to gé Gas, another mame of in Teed ‘Scompreendngly dhe ein anomaly “The seond appearance of Goi whic, fr me, was the moment of Inston, cocied seth he opening ge of te Athenian chaps ‘Comming on the myth ofthe diporesion of the women of ‘Aten Dahofen cnciads: “As longa they pss the mare At fa they were toc cine. Later dey Became simply wives fez {ite he woman sd i 4 Cae, ae Gee Aecorting to ancient Law cso be the man who sa: Gi, go Ga." ‘Abeuply, Bacon binds Athenian women 04 Reman fom t same time he nga the “peste” Ful, forgot inthe i= ‘xo progestin o history toward her in which Galas the ‘node! for Gaus. Subeay mination fone moves thus fom Ate to Rome, bec the og Gi is Gres, jt troughout he ‘ook the slgon ofthe Harts Mother is Greek but ce wy de finton Renan? ie fom the Sal formal, expreved in Latin and thmined bythe nou of the bedroom, tha, hough the ove ping of Gaia by Ca ofthe Ronan ide by Greck Ea, Bachoten d= fver—he would sy “uncoven"—the primitive formula which wd ppeved ike a pilogetesnaeracng 2s ear stage of guage or 2 sioran of region byptisvng an Ut Tos impresed by wis considered tobe my inition. Als! On reading further I hal so conclude that Bachoten ime with vome ‘Say cen, yt wih unmtaable coy, provided the Key 0 de ‘ln the manage mola bm Gas, gs Cathe 090 tes or he two sexe: Gon re denosinated fm the sme Tot “The Ges gl ecome the (igi) “root” othe ric) ames ‘Garand Gaia The next cutee, which we tated rom, jap the Greek amiage ermal, which concems plowing, wit the Reman Terman where ous ofthe Sie Bachofen derives the ame, since (Geis ow ts unmorabaiel—isdtany elated eo the ean and 0 the tne when Gaia was meri mucaine doublet and dominated by the os of te woman/ moder. ‘Ancient Moti, Moder Contrsctons 109 AL de momen of trate aiuto, then, we ive aie ey mology, dost to the Greek practice of tatunising he mening OF ‘proper hams thant the aclence modem palit dexgne by tis ‘une In debit occurence of ai whic in the Eeypen cape, {he mythoponeinaginaton of Dachoton happy gates ogra he ‘zy words anda the guages of the ook: "Cams deives ons 5 gut dos, jst 2592s Gals, Ci, Gate Quand), atin (il) ae nf wan aeady fintoning inthe Atbeian copier” The mom supaang, gta at Bachofen snot obsesed by the Indo-European laguinic mode the inteaton ofthe Geman ‘wor fr stn and wife tothe geseaogy of woes decives from esr ta dhe German ngage has areal made egiimate 9 Pearsce inthe etmologil excuts ofthe Athenian caper whete ‘Bowen al Ene were connected w oo wont fr earth Dat need we repeat are preset cnsuctons, dected toward the resatand forthe we ofthe present. Sachi the moder practice of fey, conan a consul denied, Ieremine wo ober sat n Bohol, "Cals" deat only the Roman bide, carly dinguthed grphicaly oem the werd ue sys writen in Grek, nec or the earth ofthe Greks—while the name of the cath goddess rely reeves the tantesption Gacn'™ So hate reading the Lyin chapter {shoul ave ened (ain rm ts St occurence, te Roman word for we. A eno cern. But at Tet itstimulied my imagination by desng coward the Bypothos exp fone beri dhe text. ‘Guca and os teaseing the same word whether we gt ea capi- ‘leer orn itis he mae Cia th npr for Gai, genetic Roman woman, Bachofen power eration fm 3 compan Bee in ich gives worn andthe carn th ode ie informs he