Like the term Kadazan-Dusun, Sama-Bajau is a collective term, used to
describe several closely related indigenous people who consider themselves a single distinct bangsa("ethnic group" or "nation").[5][10] It is generally accepted that these groups of people can be termed Sama or Bajau, though they never call themselves "Bajau" in the Philippines. Instead, they call themselves with the names of their tribes, usually the place they live or place of origin. For example, the sea-going Sama-Bajau prefer to call themselves the Sama Dilaut or Sama Mandilaut (literally "sea Sama" or "ocean Sama") in the Philippines; while in Malaysia, they identify as Bajau Laut.[11][12] Historically in the Philippines, the term "Sama" was used to describe the more land-oriented and settled Sama–Bajau groups, while "Bajau" was used to describe the more sea-oriented, boat-dwelling, nomadic groups.[13] Even these distinctions are fading as the majority of Sama-Bajau have long since abandoned boat living, most for Sama–style piling houses in the coastal shallows.[12] "Sama" is believed to have originated from the Austronesian root word sama meaning "together", "same", or "kin".[14][15][16][17] The exact origin of the exonym "Bajau" is unclear. Some authors have proposed that it is derived from a corruption of the Malay word berjauh("getting further apart" or "the state of being away").[17][18] Other possible origins include the Brunei Malay word bajaul, which means "to fish".[18] The term "Bajau" has pejorative connotations in the Philippines, indicating poverty in comparison to the term "Sama". Especially since it is used most commonly to refer to poverty-stricken Sama-Bajau who make a living through begging.[12] British administrators in Sabah classified the Sama-Bajau as "Bajau" and labelled them as such in their birth certificates. Thus the Sama-Bajau in Malaysia may sometimes self-identify as "Bajau" or even "Malay" (though the preferred term is "Sama"), for political reasons. This is due to the government recognition of the Sama-Bajau as legally Bumiputera(indigenous native) under the name "Bajau".[12] This ensures easy access to the special privileges granted to ethnic Malays. This is especially true for recent Moro Filipino migrants. The indigenous Sama-Bajau in Malaysia have also started labelling themselves as their ancestors called themselves, such as Simunul.