Professional Documents
Culture Documents
2. State how the nouns below are formed: (convertion; contraction; abbreviation; affixation;
deflexion)
Romanian; driver; the Pacific; UNO; outlaw; song; expectation; native; the present; failure;
car; loss; white; translator; pen; HP; suggestion; the Mediterranean; bus; building; the
ancients; the moderns; writing; captain; enlargement; gvt; guidance; the poor; the rich; exam;
Dr; strength; ad; self-administration; vac; superstructure; breadth; co-partner.
3. Form sentences according to the model, choosing the appropriate noun in column two:
e.g. A Romanian is a native of Romania.
Frenchman England
Italian Finland
Englishman Japan
Greek Italy
Finn China
Spaniard Egypt
Belgian Poland
Dane Greece
Pole France
Portuguese Belgium
Swede Denmark
Chinese Spain
Egyptian Sweden
Japanese Portugal
4. Make up sentences according to the model, choosing the appropriate noun in column two:
e.g. The language spoken by the people of England is English
Romania Indian
Denmark Bulgarian
France Chinese
Germany Turkish
Holland Portuguese
Norway French
Poland German
Portugal Romanian
Bulgaria Danish
Turkey Dutch
India Norwegian
China Polish
5. Attach the appropriate prefixes (b) to the following nouns (a)
a) father; offer; management; structure; president; print; title; neutron; arrangement;
postulation; shore; mobility; action, summer; intervention; realism; suppositon;
rector; afforestation; seller.
b) self-; mis-; dis-; in-; pre-; under-; counter; vice-; anti-; im-; neo-; re-; co-; super-;
sub-; fore-; non-; pro-; mid-; ex-.
9. Answer these questions by changing the verbs into derived nouns. (Make all the other
necessary changes as in the model)
e.g. Do you prefer spring or autumn?
I have no preference for either.
1. Can you suggest a way out of this trouble?
2. Does he intend to tell her the truth?
3. Can you describe him the rules of the game?
4. Can they achieve such a goal?
5. Have you informed them about the trip?
6. Can you examine all these students today?
7. Can he guide the group to the forest?
12. Write the plural of the following nouns according to the models (A) and/or (B) arranging
them on two colums:
potato; photo; soprano; tomato; solo; echo; Negro; casino; hero; concerto; mosquito;
volcano; motto; studio; salvo; portfolio; grotto.
(A) cargo cargoes (B) piano pianos
13. Make up sentences with the nouns given below according to the model:
She knows that the plural of crisis is crises.
basis; phenomenon; erratum; hippopotamus; formula; bureau; series; analysis;
bacterium; datum; oasis; minimum; thesis; stadium; species; criterion; genius; addendum;
memorandum; gymnasium; sanatorium.
15. Turn the following sentences into the plural making all the necessary changes:
1. As a student you should wait for your teacher in the classroom. 2. I am looking at
the blackboard in front of me. 3. The white butterfly is dangerous for the cabbage
crop. 4. My school mate is a brilliant person. 5. This goods train must arrive in time. 6.
The passerby has stopped in front of the beautifully dressed shopwindow. 7. Her
sister-in-law is a pleasant woman. 8. My daughter enjoys looking at a merry-go-round.
9. A forget-me-not is a blue, delicate flower. 10. There is a finger post at the corner of
this street. 11. This sportsman has been awarded a gold medal. 12. I think that I have
lost at least one penknife in my life. 13. His fellow-traveller had a good knowledge of
the event. 14. She prefers being examined by a woman doctor. 15. This shoolmaster is
a person of broad experience. 16. They hoped that there was at least one on-looker. 17.
That person in front of the shopwindow seems interested in our grods.
16. Translate the following sentences into Romanian paying attention to the different
meanings of the plural form
1. I like her paintings because of their light colours.
2. They have been waiting for the two presidents with colours flying.
3. His opinion was that the compasses were out of order.
4. He received a pair of compasses as a birthday present.
5. The Bank of England preserved many of its old customs.
6. You have to pay customs duties for these items.
7. In that case the damages were very serious.
8. As the company was insured it received important damages.
9. Don’t be so impressed because of some stage effects!
10. The personal effects are duty free.
11. The Letters of Credit should arrive in time.
12. He is a famous man of letters.
13. I have been waiting for you for more than 10 minutes.
14. One of us should write down the minutes of our meeting.
15. They started from good premises.
16. We shall meet on the premises of our company.
17. His life covered three quarters of the century.
18. I think that I shall shift my quarters.
19. We have received the receipts in good time.
20. Their company obtained important receipts for its sales.
21. The gross returns are very important this year.
22. During the first two terms of the year they met several times for discussing.
23. You should not try to reckon your happiness in terms of wordly success.
17. A. Give the Romanian translation of the plural form of the following nouns paying
attention to their possible double meaning
commodity; facility; glass; manner; number; pain; work; scale; spectacle; ground.
B. Practice the two possible meanings of the plural form of the above mentioned nouns,
using them in pair sentences of your own.
21. Choose the correct form of the verb out of the two given in brackets:
1. I can see the trout that (move / moves) among the stones. 2. Poultry (is / are)
grown on this farm. 3. The sheep (was / were) spread all over the field. 4. Mathematics
(is / are) a very useful science. 5. The pack of cards (was / were) lying all around
them. 6. Their class (is/ are) the best in the school. 7. (Is / are) there any fish in this
river? 8. The foot and the horse of a country (was / were) important in the
development of historical events. 9. The means of locomotion (was / were) old. 10. A
huge iron works (is / are) coming into being in our town. 12. The theatre had a corps
of ballet which (was / were) famous. 13. No thanks (is / are) needed.
24. Translate into English paying attention to the agreement between subject and predicate
1. Comitetul consta din 15 persoane. 2. Comitetul a ajuns la un punct de vedere
comun. 3. Această lucrare se adresează unui public larg. 4. Publicul este rugat să nu
fumeze în sala de spectacol. 5. Corpul didactic era foarte numeros în universitatea lor.
6. Este de aşteptat ca întregul corp didactic să aibă o înaltă calificare. 7. Progresele ei
la matematică sunt cu totul remarcabile. 8. Simţeam cum puterile mă părăseau. 9.
Tunetele şi fulgerele brăzdau cerul. 10. Un fulger ne-a luminat calea. 11. Etica se
preocupă de principiile moralei. 11. Etica sa este fără cusur. 12. Acustica studiază
sunetele.13. Acustica acestei săli nu lasă nimic de dorit. 14. Studenţii se plimbau în
parc câte unul sau câte doi. 15. Marfa aceasta vine din Grecia.
25. Arrange the underlined nouns in the following sentences on four columns corresponding
to their gender:
Model:
1) Masculine 2) Feminine 3) Common 4) Neuter
man woman cousin book
1. This student has got only high marks. 2. Boys and girls often walk together in the
park. 3. My friend often writes letters to his father and mother, to his brothers and
sisters and even to all his other relations. 4. I think that the author of this novel cannot
be old. 5. What a charming actress! 6. Of the two characters in “The Citadel”, the
doctor and his wife, I prefer the latter. 7. I didn’t know that his parents were so old! 8.
This bird must be either a goose or a gander. 9. Although “Vanity Fair” is “a novel
without a hero”, some people consider Becky as its heroine. 10. Beginning with the
15th of September this year, her son will be a pupil. 11. “Pride and Prejudice” is a
famous novel which you should read. 12. We shall never forget our colleagues and
teachers!
26. Give the feminine corresponding to the following nouns of the masculine gender:
a) boy; son; father; brother; uncle; husband; man; lad; tutor; bachelor; bull; dog;
drone; stallion;
b) actor; ambassador; author; doctor; heir; lion; master; negro; poet; proprietor;
steward; tiger; waiter;
c) administrator; director; hero; chauffeur; prosecutor;
d) grandson; male patient; airman; chairman; cock pheasant; he-bear; clerk.
27. Give the corresponding words denoting the masculine gender for the following nouns in
the feminine:
mayoress; protectress; shepherdess; empress; benefactress; aviatrix; executrix;
undergraduette; usherette; czarina; bride; lady; niece; madam; witch; widow; ewe; dow;
barmaid; saleswoman; hen sparrow.
28. In the texts below insert the appropriate pronouns (he, she, it, his, her, its) for the
corresponding gender of the nouns:
1. “The sun come up upon the left.
Out of the sea came (-)
And (-) shone bright, and on the right
Went down into the sea “
(Coleridge)
2. “When sunset came we stopped in the valley waiting for the moon to rise. At ten
(-) came up beautiful and serene as ever. Suddenly we felt that a lion came nearer:
(-) dreadful roar made us shudder with anger. We all knew that only about a
quarter of a mile out lay a boat, with (-) sails half down”.
(Hemingway)
3. The brave little insect never remained there; (-) came out in search of (-) friends.
(John Lubbock).
4. Great Britain is an island; (-) capital is London.
5. Romania has considerably developed (-) trade.
6. The Danube crosses the territory of our countruy; (-) springs in Germany and
flows into the Black Sea.
7. The storm unleashed in the evening; (-) prevented us from leaving the house.
8. Our friendship is a very strong feeling; (-) will last as long as we live.
9. The Carpathians are mountains of a medium height; however (-) peaks are covered
with snow even in summer.
29. Translate into English
1. România şi-a trimis reprezentantul său la conferinţa regională. 2. Dacă întrebi pe
oricine de pe stradă acesta îţi va arăta unde locuieşte medicul de familie. 3. Soarele se
roteşte în jurul axei sale odată la 25 de zile. 4. Această cântăreaţă este o artistă de
prima clasă. 5. Vânzătoarele din acest magazin sunt foarte politicoase. 6. În general
conducătoarele auto sunt foarte atente. 7. Profesoara este foate iubită de elevii săi. 8.
Maşina şi vaporul sunt “ea” pentru şofer şi marinar. 9. Cămila este de neînlocuit în
lungile călătorii prin deşert, pentru marea sa putere de adaptare. 10. Publicul, plin de
entuziasm şi-l exprima fără rezerve, aplaudând acea interpretare unică.
30. Use the Synthetic Genitive, instead of the Propositional Genitive whenever possible:
1. The task of a student is to learn. 2. The song of the birds was heard up the hill. 3.
The young man took no notice of the advice of his father. 4. Clothes are made in the
workshop of a tailor. 5. I shall never forget the green of the grass in my garden. 6. We
buy cigarettes at the shop of a tobacconist, vegetables – at the shop of a greengrocer,
meat – at the shop of a butcher, bread – at the shop of a baker. 7. I have to mention the
highly satisfactory activity of these students in the language laboratory. 8. The cover
of this book has a pleasant blue colour. 9. The landscape of Romania is really
impressive in some regions. 10. The newspaper of today has a lot of interesting news.
11. We skated on the frozen surface of the river. 12. They fought for the defence of
their liberty and independence in many wars. 13. We had to stop after a journey of one
day. 14. The life-boats of the ship were launched for a drill. 15. The offices of the
company are on the 2nd floor. 16. We can’t solve the problems of the world. 17. You
shall observe the rules of this Club.
31. Turn the Synthetic Genitive in the sentences below into the plural, wherever possible
1. I don’t remember this child’s name. 2. Entering the room I saw that the boy’s books
were spread all over the table. 3. A month’s holiday is what he mostly desires. 4. This
waitress’ smile is quite pleasant. 5. Today’s journey was very confortable. 6. His
father’s job is interesting. 7. That man’s seat is no longer vacant. 8. Charles’ family
left the town for a short trip. 9. The teacher’s remark should be taken into account. 10.
A week’s holiday will be really pleasant.
32. Justify the use of the Synthetic Genitive in the following sentences:
1. “We had a marvellous two hours’ walk along the sea coast. 2. A summer’s day in
Devon is quite special with all its unusual softness. 3. A window blazed like a jewel in
the sun’s last rays between the poplar trees”. (Galsworthy). 4. We wandered to the
Pine Forest / That skirts the ocean’s foam (Shelley). 5. Our country’s geography must
be well known by the students. 6. A twenty yards’ distance separates our houses. 7. I
don’t think that this parcel is more than a pound’s weight. 8. This book is two pounds’
worth. 9. We have seen Shakespeare’s plays “Love’s Labour’s Lost” and “The
Winter’s Tale”. 10. Yesterday’s mail brought me the long expected letter. 11. The
vessel’s crew were on the deck. 12. I shall spend this week-and at the Smiths’. 13. The
commission is interested in Africa’s problems. 14. He had a hair’s breadth escape. 15.
Who else’s proposal shall we consider now? 16. London’s traffic is heavy at peek
hours. 17. We are interested in nobody’s problems.
33. A. Look up the following Synthetic Genitives and translate them into Romanian:
- at one’s fingers’ end - a bird’s eye view
- out of harm’s way - a needle’s eye
- her heart’s desire - a pin’s head
- at a stone’s throw - the journey’s end
- at one’s wit’s end - at swords’ point
B. Use them in sentences of your own
34. Explain the difference in meaning between the two forms of Genitive:
1. This film is a description of Dickens.
2. The short excerpt is a description of Dickens’.
1. This painting is a portrait of Sargent.
2. This masterpiece is a portrait of Sargent’s.
1. Cezar Petrescu wrote a novel of Eminescu.
2. “Cezara” is a novel of Eminescu’s.
1. He told us the story of Hemingway.
2. I read a story of Hemingway’s.
36. Choose the form which is recommended out of the two forms given below:
1. She is my brother’s friend’s wife.
2. She is the wife of my brother’s friend.
1. Kate’s parents’ visit pleased us very much.
2. The visit of Kate’s parents pleased us very much.
1. In the light of the moon we could see the big house in front of us.
2. In the moon’s light we could see the big house in front of us.
1. The house’s front door was unlocked.
2. The front door of the house was unlocked.
1. We went in the sound’s direction.
2. We went in the direction of the sound.
37. Study the following sentences paying attention to the different uses of the Genitive case
(The Saxon Genitive or the Prepositional Genitive). Explain the structures.
1. The students’ return interrupted our conversation. 2. The smoke or a wood-fire
went up in the air. 3. The students’ hostel is comfortable and cosy. 4. They were
welcomed with a feeling of joy. 5. Several of the students got very good results. 6. In
the city of Bucharest there are a lot of parks and gardens. 7. All of his books have
beautiful bindings. 8. I’ll be back in a few minutes’ time. 9. This is the well-known
American composer George Gershwin’s chief work “Porgy and Bess”. 10. I have
found in your library one of Lewis, Smith and Wilson’s works. 11. Receive this
present, with Mary’s and Jane’s compliments! 12. Everybody expected the jury’s
verdict. 13. He went into a shop and bought a pound’s worth of chocolates. 14. I met
him after two months’ absence from his job. 15. Last week I saw the play “A
Midsummer Night’s Dream”. 16. She was reading the day before’s paper. 17. We are
often astonished in front of Nature’s many wonders. 18. The ship’s mast was broken
by the storm. 19. We were walking along one of London’s parks. 20. The courage of
young people is wellknown. 21. This man is the father of the child I am going to
examine tomorrow. 22. The language of the “Sports Bulletin” reporter is often obscure
to the layman. 23. The achievements of a modern democratic state speak for
themselves.
39. Fill in the blanks with the prepositions “to”, “for”, “of”, “from”, as required by a
Prepositional Dative
1. Give my best regards … your friend. 2. I snatched the handkerchief … George’s
hand to wave at the newcomers. 3. I inquired … Dan what the subject for debate at the
seminar was. 4. I have bought a present … my mother. 5. This is an activity that
requires great precision … the workers. 6. He got a sum of money equivalent … the
quality of his work. 7. What did you ask … the students? 8. I’ve got a ticket … my
best friend. 9. What is your attitude … art? 10. The child begged pardon … his
parents. 11. Mary called a taxi … her daughter.
40. Change the following sentences using the “for” Prepositional Dative:
Model: He brought Mary some flowers.
He brought some flowers for Mary
1. I buy my daughter interesting books. 2. The teacher is choosing his students a new
text. 3. We found our parents good seats in the train. 4. The student got her friend a
ticket for the show. 5. I booked my sister a roon at the hotel. 6. The whole group
bought their colleague a bottle of wine in celebration of his birthday. 7. We have made
the guests a warm reception. 8. Cut this little girl a slice of bread! 9. We must order
that company some new equipment.
41. Translate into English using the two forms of the Dative – with or without preposition –
wherever possible.
1. I-am făcut lui George o aluzie în sensul celor discutate. 2. Au fost de acord cu
propunerea noastră. 3. Am cerut un autograf de la autorul romanului nou lansat. 4.
Profesorul explică studenţilor cuvintele noi. 5. I-am oferit lui Dan prilejul de a ne
însoţi în excursie. 6. I-am servit pe invitaţi cu prăjiturile făcute de mine. 7. Profesorul
dictează studenţilor un text necunoscut. 8. El a permis studenţilor folosirea
dicţionarului. 9. Intenţionez să o prezint părinţilor mei pe cea mai bună prietenă a mea.
10. Preşedintele a înmânat diplome şi premii câştigătorilor concursului. 11. Supunem
propunerea aprobării adunării generale.
42. Choose the right preposition in the brackets:
A. 1. Read the letter (to/for) your father because his glasses are broken. 2. I have to
repeat the questions (to/for) my students as they could not hear them because of
the noise outside. 3. My sister cooks some dinner (to/for) her son. 4. He left some
flowers (to/for) his mother on the table. 5. Speak (to/for) the audience now! 6. We
have to get plane tickets (to/for) our guests from abroad.
B. 1. Do you prefer going (by/with) car or (by/on) foot? 2. We use to write our letters
(in/with) ink not (in/with) pencil. 3. I prefer my cardigan made (by/with) machine.
4. We must open this tin (by/with) a tin-opener. 5. They have listened to the news
(on/at) the radio. 6. This dress is made (of/from) silk.
43. Choose the corect form out of the two given in brackets.
1. Mary is the student with black (hair/hairs) who lives in our mansion. 2. Did you
have a good (travel/journey) from London? 3. Don’t forget to buy (a bread/some
bread) when coming back home. 4. I’d like to take some notes, have you got (a
paper/some paper)? 5. There (is/are) a lot of (traffic/traffics) in the city at the peak
hours. 6. He is trying hard to find a (work/job) at present, but, I’m afraid, there
(isn’t/aren’t) much (work/works) availabe. 7. (Is/are) good
(accommodation/accommodations) easy to find in your town? 8. I’ve got a problem
and I need some (advice/advices). 9. I like the (furniture/furnitures) in your room. 10.
Some (information/informations) you can give us, about the hotels in London (is/are)
useful. 11. My (luggage/luggages) (is/are) on the platform. 12. The (news/new) (is/are)
depressing.