HEALTH AND EDUCATION KEY TO NEW FOREIGN AID PLAN

By Andrew Natsios, Administrator,

U.S. Agency for International Development
‫اﻟﺼﺤﺔ واﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺼﺮان أﺳﺎﺳﻴﺎن ﻓﻲ ﺧﻄﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﻮﻧﺔ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴﺔ اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪة‬
،‫ﺑﻘﻠﻢ آﻧﺪرو ﻧﺎﺗﺴﻴﻮس‬
‫ﻣﺪﻳﺮ اﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ اﻷﻣﻴﺮﻛﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﺪوﻟﻴﺔ‬
A country cannot truly live up to its potential nor can its people reach a
decent standard of living without improving its public health and education,
says Andrew Natsios, head of the U.S. Agency for International Development
(USAID).
‫ إﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻷي دوﻟﺔ أن ﺗﺤﻘﻖ‬،‫ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ اﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ اﻷﻣﻴﺮﻛﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﺪوﻟﻴﺔ‬،‫ﻳﻘﻮل آﻧﺪرو ﻧﺎﺗﺴﻴﻮس‬
‫إﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺎﺗﻬﺎ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﺸﻌﺒﻬﺎ أن ﻳﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى ﻣﻌﻴﺸﺔ ﻻﺋﻘ ًﺎ ﺑﺪون ﺗﺤﺴﻴﻦ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎت اﻟﺼﺤﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬
.‫واﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬
Natsios argues that without investment in the social sector, governments are
unlikely to experience the multiplier effect education has on economic
growth, health, democracy and governance.
‫وﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﻧﺎﺗﺴﻴﻮس أﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺮﺟﺢ أن ﺗﻜﺘﺸﻒ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺎت ﻣﺎ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻣﻀﺎﻋِﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﻤﻮ‬
.‫ ﺑﺪون اﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎر ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﻄﺎع اﻟﺨﺎص‬،‫اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدي واﻟﺼﺤﺔ واﻟﺪﻳﻤﻘﺮاﻃﻴﺔ واﻟﺤﻜﻢ‬
He warns that investments in the health sector are essential to reduce the risk
of social and economic disruptions that can result when HIV/AIDS and other
infectious diseases reach the scale of pandemics.
‫وﻳﻨﺒﻪ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ اﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ اﻷﻣﻴﺮﻛﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﺪوﻟﻴﺔ إﻟﻰ أن اﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎرات ﻓﻲ ﻗﻄﺎع اﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﺿﺮورﻳﺔ ﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺺ‬
‫ﺧﻄﺮ ﺣﺪوث ﺗﻤﺰﻗﺎت اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ واﻗﺘﺼﺎدﻳﺔ ﻣﻤﻜﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل وﺻﻮل اﻧﺘﺸﺎر ﻣﺮض ﻧﻘﺺ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬
.‫اﻹﻳﺪز وﻏﻴﺮه ﻣﻦ اﻷﻣﺮاض اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻳﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﻮﺑﺎﺋﻲ‬/‫اﻟﻤﻜﺘﺴﺒﺔ‬
The Millennium Challenge Account can help countries committed to good
primary education and public health go beyond basic goals and build upon
their success in these areas to drive up productivity and economic growth, he
says.
‫وﻫﻮ ﻳﻘﻮل إﻧﻪ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﺼﻨﺪوق ﺗﺤﺪي اﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔ أن ﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪ اﻟﺪول اﻟﻤﻠﺘﺰﻣﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ اﻻﺑﺘﺪاﺋﻲ واﻟﺼﺤﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ اﻟﺠﻴﺪﻳﻦ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺠﺎوز اﻷﻫﺪاف اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ وﺗﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻧﺠﺎﺣﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺎﻟﻴﻦ واﻻﻧﻄﻼق ﻣﻨﻪ ﻟﺰﻳﺎدة‬
.‫اﻹﻧﺘﺎﺟﻴﺔ واﻟﻨﻤﻮ اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدي‬

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The Millennium Challenge Account (MCA) that President Bush announced in
March 2002 will add $5 billion a year to U.S. foreign aid but will require
countries to show they are improving the health and education of their own
people before getting MCA assistance.
‫ ﺧﻤﺴﺔ آﻻف‬2002 ‫ﻣﺎرس‬/‫ﺳﻴﻀﻴﻒ ﺻﻨﺪوق ﺗﺤﺪي اﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔ اﻟﺬي أﻋﻠﻨﻪ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺲ ﺑﻮش ﻓﻲ ﺷﻬﺮ آذار‬
‫ إﻻ أﻧﻪ ﺳﻴﺸﺘﺮط ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺪول أن ﺗﺜﺒﺖ أﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻘﻮم‬،‫ﻣﻠﻴﻮن دوﻻر ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻮﻧﺔ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴﺔ اﻷﻣﻴﺮﻛﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺘﺤﺴﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎت اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ واﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﺸﻌﻮﺑﻬﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪة ﻣﻦ ﺻﻨﺪوق ﺗﺤﺪي‬
.‫اﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔ‬
To reduce global poverty through economic growth, the MCA will "reward
nations that root out corruption, respect human rights and adhere to the rule
of law . . . invest in better healthcare, better schools and broader
immunization . . . and have more open markets and sustainable budget
policies," Bush said.
‫ ﺑـ‬،‫ ﻟﻠﺘﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﻘﺮ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻟﻨﻤﻮ اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدي‬،‫وﻗﺪ أﻋﻠﻦ ﺑﻮش أن اﻟﺼﻨﺪوق ﺳﻴﻘﻮم‬
‫ وﺗﺴﺘﺜﻤﺮ ﻓﻲ‬... ‫"ﻣﻜﺎﻓﺄة اﻟﺪول اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﺘﺄﺻﻞ اﻟﻔﺴﺎد وﺗﺤﺘﺮم ﺣﻘﻮق اﻹﻧﺴﺎن وﺗﺘﻘﻴﺪ ﺑﺤﻜﻢ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن‬
‫ وﻳﻜﻮن‬... ‫رﻋﺎﻳﺔ ﺻﺤﻴﺔ أﻓﻀﻞ وﻓﻲ ﻣﺪارس أﻓﻀﻞ وﻓﻲ ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ ﺗﻠﻘﻴﺢ أوﺳﻊ ﻧﻄﺎﻗ ًﺎ ﺿﺪ اﻷﻣﺮاض‬
".‫ﻟﺪﻳﻬﺎ أﺳﻮاق أ ﻛﺜﺮ ﺣﺮﻳﺔ وﺳﻴﺎﺳﺎت ﻣﻴﺰاﻧﻴﺔ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﺳﺘﻤﺮارﻫﺎ‬
The 50 percent increase in overall U.S. foreign aid that the MCA will bring is
based on the foundation of good governance - commitments of honest
governments to rule justly and protect the liberty and property of the people.
‫ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺌﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻮﻧﺔ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴﺔ اﻷﻣﻴﺮﻛﻴﺔ اﻹﺟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺳﻴﺠﻠﺒﻬﺎ ﺻﻨﺪوق‬50 ‫وﺗﺴﺘﻨﺪ اﻟﺰﻳﺎدة ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫ اﻟﺘﺰاﻣﺎت ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺎت ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺻﺎدﻗﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﻜﻢ ﺑﻌﺪاﻟﺔ‬- ‫ﺗﺤﺪي اﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔ إﻟﻰ أﺳﺎس اﻟﺤﻜﻢ اﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ‬
.‫وﺑﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﺣﺮﻳﺔ وﻣﻤﺘﻠﻜﺎت اﻟﺸﻌﺐ‬
The investment in social programs - from primary education to vaccination -
that the President set as a benchmark countries need to meet to obtain MCA
aid is far more critical to economic development than it might at first appear.
‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ اﻻﺑﺘﺪاﺋﻲ ﺣﺘﻰ اﻟﺘﻠﻘﻴﺢ ﺿﺪ‬-‫وإن اﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎر أو إﻧﻔﺎق اﻷﻣﻮال ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫ اﻟﺬي ﺣﺪده اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺲ ﻛﻤﻌﻴﺎر ﺗﺤﺘﺎج اﻟﺪول إﻟﻰ اﻟﻮﻓﺎء ﺑﻪ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﻮﻧﺔ ﺻﻨﺪوق‬-‫اﻷﻣﺮاض‬
.‫ﺗﺤﺪي اﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔ أ ﻛﺜﺮ أﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺑﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدﻳﺔ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺒﺪو ﻷول وﻫﻠﺔ‬

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Even if correct economic strategies are in place - stable currency, balanced
national budget, market economy - and there is good infrastructure for
production and trade - roads, electricity, ports, telecommunications - a
country cannot truly live up to its potential nor can its people reach a
standard of living considered acceptable for modern times without improving
the health and education of its people.
،‫ وﻣﻴﺰاﻧﻴﺔ ﻗﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻣﺘﻮازﻧﺔ‬،‫ ﻋﻤﻠﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺮة‬- ‫ﻓﺤﺘﻰ ﻟﻮ ﺗﻢ وﺿﻊ اﻹﺳﺘﺮاﺗﻴﺠﻴﺎت اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدﻳﺔ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ‬
‫ ﻃﺮق وﻛﻬﺮﺑﺎء وﻣﻮاﻧﺊ ووﺳﺎﺋﻞ‬- ‫ وﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻫﻨﺎك ﺑﻨﻴﺔ ﺗﺤﺘﻴﺔ ﺟﻴﺪة ﻟﻺﻧﺘﺎج واﻟﺘﺠﺎرة‬- ‫واﻗﺘﺼﺎد اﻟﺴﻮق‬
‫ ﻓﺈن اﻟﺪوﻟﺔ ﻻ ﺗﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ أن ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﻃﺎﻗﺎﺗﻬﺎ ﺣﻘﺎ ﻛﻤﺎ أن ﺷﻌﺒﻬﺎ ﻻ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ أن ﻳﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى‬- ‫اﺗﺼﺎﻻت‬
.‫ﻣﻌﻴﺸﺔ ﻣﻘﺒﻮﻻ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺼﺮ اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺚ ﺑﺪون ﺗﺤﺴﻴﻦ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎت ﺷﻌﺒﻬﺎ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ واﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬
For this reason, the Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) created to
administer the MCA will measure each applicant country to be sure it is
working on behalf of the health and education of its people. In too many
countries, this has not been the case.
‫وﻟﻬﺬا اﻟﺴﺒﺐ ﺳﺘﻘﻮم ﺷﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﺪي اﻷﻟﻔﻲ اﻟﺘﻲ أﻧﺸﺌﺖ ﻹدارة ﺻﻨﺪوق ﺗﺤﺪي اﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔ ﺑﺘﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﻛﻞ دوﻟﺔ‬
‫ وﻟﻢ‬.‫ﻣﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﺑﻄﻠﺐ ﻟﻠﺘﺄ ﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ أﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻟﻤﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺷﻌﺒﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺎﻟﻴﻦ اﻟﺼﺤﻲ واﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻲ‬
.‫ﻳﻜﻦ اﻟﺤﺎل ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﺪول ﻋﺪﻳﺪة‬
The Millennium Challenge Account is meant to be a tool or instrument in the
hands of reformers in any country where powerful oligarchic interests and
corruption block change. This puts an arrow in the quiver of the reformers.
‫واﻟﻤﻘﺼﻮد ﻣﻦ ﺻﻨﺪوق ﺗﺤﺪي اﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔ ﻫﻮ أن ﻳﻜﻮن أداة أو وﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ أﻳﺪي اﻹﺻﻼﺣﻴﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ أي دوﻟﺔ‬
‫ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻀﻊ ﺳﻬﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻌﺒﺔ‬،‫ﻼ دون اﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮ‬
ً ‫ﺗﻘﻒ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ اﻟﻨﺨﺒﺔ اﻟﺼﻐﻴﺮة اﻟﻤﺘﻨﻔﺬة واﻟﻔﺴﺎد ﺣﺎﺋ‬
.‫اﻹﺻﻼﺣﻴﻴﻦ‬
Political and economic reform is what's needed before a country takes off and
reaches a new level of growth.
‫إن اﻹﺻﻼﺣﺎت اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ واﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدﻳﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺒﻪ اﻷﻣﺮ ﻗﺒﻞ أن ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﺪوﻟﺔ ﻣﺎ أن ﺗﻨﻄﻠﻖ وﺗﺒﻠﻎ‬
.‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮى ﺟﺪﻳﺪا ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻤﻮ‬
For years we Americans have argued about foreign aid. Some said it was a
waste of taxpayer money. Others said corrupt governments grabbed the lion's
share of the aid.
‫ وﻗﺎل اﻟﺒﻌﺾ إﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻀﻴﻌﺔ‬.‫وﻗﺪ ﺗﺠﺎدﻟﻨﺎ ﻧﺤﻦ اﻷﻣﻴﺮﻛﻴﻮن ﻟﺴﻨﻮات ﻋﺪﻳﺪة ﺣﻮل اﻟﻤﻌﻮﻧﺔ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴﺔ‬
.‫ وﻗﺎل آﺧﺮون إن اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﻔﺎﺳﺪة اﺳﺘﺄﺛﺮت ﺑﻨﺼﻴﺐ اﻷﺳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﻮﻧﺔ‬.‫ﻷﻣﻮال داﻓﻌﻲ اﻟﻀﺮاﺋﺐ‬

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And still others said we needed to do more for millions of needy people
overseas. President Ronald Reagan stressed the need to teach people how to
earn their own living rather than supply them with humanitarian aid as a
permanent entitlement.
‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﻴﻦ ﻗﺎل آﺧﺮون إﻧﻪ ﻛﺎن ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ أن ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﻣﻼﻳﻴﻦ اﻷﺷﺨﺎص اﻟﻤﺤﺘﺎﺟﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ وﻗﺪ ﺷﺪد اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺲ روﻧﺎﻟﺪ رﻳﺠﺎن ﻋﻠﻰ ﺿﺮورة ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻢ اﻟﻨﺎس ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﻜﺴﺒﻮن رزﻗﻬﻢ ﺑﺄﻧﻔﺴﻬﻢ‬.‫اﻟﺨﺎرج‬
.‫ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺰوﻳﺪﻫﻢ ﺑﻤﻌﻮﻧﺔ إﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻛﺤﻖ ﻣﻜﺘﺴﺐ داﺋﻢ‬
The current state of the world - with anti-Western sentiment in the Islamic
world and the spreading HIV/AIDS pandemic in Africa and elsewhere - makes
these arguments of the 1990s about whether to extend foreign aid seem out of
date.
‫ اﻟﻤﺸﺎﻋﺮ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻐﺮب ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ واﻧﺘﺸﺎر ﻣﺮض ﻧﻘﺺ‬- ‫إن اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺮاﻫﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‬
‫ ﺗﺠﻌﻞ ﺟﺪل اﻟﺘﺴﻌﻴﻨﺎت ﻫﺬا ﺣﻮل ﻣﺎ‬- ‫ اﻹﻳﺪز ﻓﻲ إﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ وﻓﻲ ﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻣﺎﻛﻦ‬/‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺘﺴﺒﺔ‬
.‫إذا ﻛﺎن ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ اﻟﻤﻌﻮﻧﺔ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴﺔ ﻳﺒﺪو أﻣﺮ ًا ﺗﺨﻄﺘﻪ اﻷﺣﺪاث ﺑﺤﻴﺚ أﺻﺒﺢ ﻣﺘﺄﺧﺮ ًا ﻋﻦ اﻟﺰﻣﻦ‬
Development assistance now takes its place alongside defense and diplomacy
as one of the three essential components of American foreign policy,
according to President Bush's National Security Strategy.
‫وﺗﺄﺧﺬ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪات اﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ اﻵن ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻬﺎ إﻟﻰ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ اﻟﺪﻓﺎع واﻟﺪﺑﻠﻮﻣﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻛﺄﺣﺪ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ أﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬
.‫ وﻓﻘﺎ ﻻﺳﺘﺮاﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ اﻷﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻮﻣﻲ ﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺲ ﺑﻮش‬،‫ﻟﻠﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴﺔ اﻷﻣﻴﺮﻛﻴﺔ‬
The administration has made a new commitment to see that aid is truly
effective and helps lead developing countries towards improving their own
public health, education, nutrition and other basics that modern humanity
has come to expect as its universal birthright.
‫وﻗﺪ أﻟﺰﻣﺖ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﺑﺘﻌﻬﺪ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﺄن ﺗﻀﻤﻦ ﺑﺄن اﻟﻤﻌﻮﻧﺔ ﺳﺘﻜﻮن ﻓﻌﺎﻟﺔ ﺣﻘ ًﺎ وﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ اﻟﺪول اﻟﻨﺎﻣﻴﺔ ﻧﺤﻮ ﺗﺤﺴﻴﻦ أﺣﻮال اﻟﺼﺤﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ واﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ واﻟﺘﻐﺬﻳﺔ وﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻣﻮر اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬
.‫اﻟﺘﻲ أﺻﺒﺤﺖ اﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺜﺔ ﺗﺘﻮﻗﻌﻬﺎ ﻛﺤﻖ ﻋﺎﻟﻤﻲ ﺑﺤﻜﻢ اﻟﻮﻻدة‬
"The goal of the MCA is to reduce poverty by significantly increasing the
economic growth trajectory of recipient countries," according to a White
House February 5, 2003, background paper.
‫ ﺷﺒﺎط‬/‫وﻗﺪ ﺟﺎء ﻓﻲ وﺛﻴﻘﺔ ﺗﻌﺮض ﺧﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺿﻮع ﺻﺎدرة ﻋﻦ اﻟﺒﻴﺖ اﻷﺑﻴﺾ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ ﻣﻦ ﻓﺒﺮاﻳﺮ‬
‫ أن "ﻫﺪف ﺻﻨﺪوق ﺗﺤﺪي اﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔ ﻫﻮ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﺺ اﻟﻔﻘﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ زﻳﺎدة ﻛﺒﻴﺮة ﻓﻲ ﻣﺴﺎر‬2003
".‫اﻟﻨﻤﻮ اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﻓﻲ اﻟﺪول اﻟﻤﺘﻠﻘﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪات‬
"This requires an emphasis on investment that raises the productive potential
of a country's citizens and firms."
".‫"وﻫﺬا ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﺗﺄ ﻛﻴﺪا ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎر اﻟﺬي ﻳﺰﻳﺪ إﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺎت اﻹﻧﺘﺎج ﻟﺪى ﻣﻮاﻃﻨﻲ اﻟﺪوﻟﺔ وﺷﺮﻛﺎﺗﻬﺎ‬

4
‫‪Education is especially important because of the multiplier effect it has -‬‬
‫‪beyond literacy - on economic growth, democracy and good governance. A‬‬
‫‪woman with a sixth grade education will produce more food with no‬‬
‫‪additional inputs or skills.‬‬
‫وﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ذا أﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮه اﻟﻤﻀﺎﻋِﻒ ‪ -‬اﻟﺬي ﻳﺘﺨﻄﻰ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ اﻟﻘﺮاءة واﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ ‪ -‬ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻨﻤﻮ اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدي واﻟﺪﻳﻤﻘﺮاﻃﻴﺔ واﻟﺤﻜﻢ اﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﻓﺎﻟﻤﺮأة اﻟﺘﻲ أﻧﻬﺖ اﻟﺼﻒ اﻟﺴﺎدس اﻻﺑﺘﺪاﺋﻲ ﺗﻨﺘﺞ‬
‫ﻛﻤﻴﺔ أ ﻛﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻄﻌﺎم ﺑﺪون اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮاد ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪة أو ﻣﻬﺎرات إﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪Education helps people cast an informed ballot.‬‬
‫وﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ اﻟﻨﺎس ﻋﻠﻰ اﻹدﻻء ﺑﺄﺻﻮاﺗﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ أﺳﺎس ﻣﺴﺘﻨﻴﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪And educated women have fewer children while the children they do bear‬‬
‫‪have a greater chance of survival.‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ أن اﻟﻨﺴﺎء اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻤﺎت ﻳﻨﺠﺒﻦ ﻋﺪدا أﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻃﻔﺎل وﺗﺘﺎح ﻷﻃﻔﺎﻟﻬﻦ ﻓﺮﺻﺔ أﻓﻀﻞ ﻟﻠﺒﻘﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﺪ‬
‫اﻟﺤﻴﺎة‪.‬‬
‫‪Health is vital if people are to escape from poverty. In many developing‬‬
‫‪countries, millions are ill with recurring bouts of malaria that sap their ability‬‬
‫‪to work at jobs or produce the very food they and their families need to‬‬
‫‪survive.‬‬
‫إن ﺗﻮﻓﺮ اﻟﺼﺤﺔ اﻟﺠﻴﺪة أﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻟﺘﺤﺮر اﻟﻨﺎس ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﻘﺮ‪ .‬وﻳﻌﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﻤﻼﻳﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ ﻛﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺪول اﻟﻨﺎﻣﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻦ اﻷﻣﺮاض وﻣﻦ ﺗﻜﺮار اﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻼرﻳﺎ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻨﻬﻚ ﻗﺪرﺗﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻲ وﻇﺎﺋﻔﻬﻢ أو ﻓﻲ إﻧﺘﺎج‬
‫اﻟﻐﺬاء اﻟﺬي ﻳﺤﺘﺎﺟﻮن إﻟﻴﻪ ﻫﻢ وأﺳﺮﻫﻢ ﻟﻠﺒﻘﺎء‪.‬‬
‫‪Similarly, the HIV/AIDS pandemic has infected 60 million people, and so‬‬
‫‪many farmers, teachers and other necessary workers are ill or dying in parts of‬‬
‫‪southern Africa that several countries are at risk of massive economic and‬‬
‫‪social failure.‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ أن وﺑﺎء ﻣﺮض ﻧﻘﺺ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺘﺴﺒﺔ‪ /‬اﻹﻳﺪز ﻗﺪ أﺻﺎب ‪ 60‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮن ﺷﺨﺺ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ ارﺗﻔﻊ ﻋﺪد‬
‫اﻟﻤﺰارﻋﻴﻦ واﻟﻤﻌﻠﻤﻴﻦ وﻏﻴﺮﻫﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻤﺎل اﻟﻀﺮورﻳﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﺼﺎﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺮض أو اﻟﺬﻳﻦ أﺻﺒﺤﻮا ﻳﺤﺘﻀﺮون‬
‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ اﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ أﻧﺤﺎء ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺟﻨﻮب إﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ إﻟﻰ ﺣﺪ أﺻﺒﺢ ﻣﻌﻪ ﻋﺪد ﻣﻦ اﻟﺪول ﻣﻌﺮﺿ ًﺎ‬
‫ﻟﺨﻄﺮ اﻻﻧﻬﻴﺎر اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدي واﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ اﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ‪.‬‬
‫‪USAID has long been involved in helping countries improve their health and‬‬
‫‪education and is ready to assist countries that wish to qualify for MCA funds.‬‬
‫ﻟﻘﺪ ﻟﻌﺒﺖ اﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ اﻷﻣﻴﺮﻛﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﺪوﻟﻴﺔ دورا ﻣﻬﻤﺎ ﻣﻨﺬ ﻣﺪة ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺪول ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺤﺴﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺗﻬﺎ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ واﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻌﺪة ﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺪول اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺮﻏﺐ ﻓﻲ أن ﺗﺴﺘﻮﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﺮوط‬
‫ﻟﺘﺼﺒﺢ ﻣﺆﻫﻠﺔ ﻟﺘﻠﻘﻲ اﻟﺘﻤﻮﻳﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻨﺪوق ﺗﺤﺪي اﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪5‬‬
Countries eligible for MCA funding will be identified by 16 indicators that will
be used to assess national performance.
‫وﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺪول اﻟﻤﺆﻫﻠﺔ ﻟﺘﻠﻘﻲ اﻟﺘﻤﻮﻳﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻨﺪوق ﺗﺤﺪي اﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔ وﻓﻘ ًﺎ ﻟﺴﺘﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻣﺆﺷﺮا ﺳﻴﺘﻢ‬
.‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻬﺎ ﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻢ اﻷداء اﻟﻘﻮﻣﻲ‬
The 16 are divided into three groups: governing justly, promoting economic
freedom and investing in people.
‫ اﻟﺤﻜﻢ ﺑﻌﺪاﻟﺔ وﺗﺸﺠﻴﻊ اﻟﺤﺮﻳﺔ اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدﻳﺔ‬:‫وﺗﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﻤﺆﺷﺮات اﻟﺴﺘﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ إﻟﻰ ﺛﻼث ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎت‬
.‫واﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎر ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﻌﺐ‬
To determine how countries are performing in these areas, the MCC will
examine reports by prominent institutions such as the World Bank, the
International Monetary Fund, the Heritage Foundation and Freedom House.
‫وﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ أداء اﻟﺪول ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻤﺠﺎﻻت ﺳﺘﻘﻮم ﺷﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﺪي اﻷﻟﻔﻲ ﺑﻤﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺗﻘﺎرﻳﺮ اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺎت‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮﻣﻮﻗﺔ ﻛﺎﻟﺒﻨﻚ اﻟﺪوﻟﻲ وﺻﻨﺪوق اﻟﻨﻘﺪ اﻟﺪوﻟﻲ وﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﻫﻴﺮﻳﺘﻴﺞ اﻟﻮﻗﻔﻴﺔ وﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﻓﺮﻳﺪم ﻫﺎوس أو‬
.‫ﺑﻴﺖ اﻟﺤﺮﻳﺔ‬
The four indicators that a country is investing in the health and education of
its people will be determined by using the World Bank and national sources.
Those four are:
‫وﺳﻴﺘﻢ اﻟﺤﻜﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺆﺷﺮات اﻷرﺑﻌﺔ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎر اﻟﺪوﻟﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ واﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬
:‫ وﻫﺬه اﻟﻤﺆﺷﺮات اﻷرﺑﻌﺔ ﻫﻲ‬.‫ﻟﻠﺸﻌﺐ ﺑﺎﻋﺘﻤﺎد ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﺒﻨﻚ اﻟﺪوﻟﻲ واﻟﻤﺼﺎدر ﻟﻘﻮﻣﻴﺔ‬
1. Public primary education spending as a percent of gross domestic
product (GDP). Literacy is critically important for development. It allows
mothers to read and understand directions on medicine bottles and food
packages; it allows workers to tackle higher-paying jobs; it enables people to
learn about health risks and business opportunities through newspapers and
flyers.
‫ اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﺌﻮﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺸﻜﻠﻬﺎ اﻹﻧﻔﺎق ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ اﻻﺑﺘﺪاﺋﻲ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻲ‬-1
‫ ﻓﻬﻲ ﺗﺘﻴﺢ ﻟﻸﻣﻬﺎت ﻗﺮاءة‬.‫إن اﻟﻘﺪرة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻘﺮاءة واﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺣﺎﺳﻤﺔ اﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ‬: ‫اﻹﺟﻤﺎﻟﻲ‬
‫ﻼ‬
ً ‫وﻓﻬﻢ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ زﺟﺎﺟﺎت اﻷدوﻳﺔ ورزم اﻷﻏﺬﻳﺔ؛ وﺗﺴﻤﺢ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﺎل ﺑﻤﻤﺎرﺳﺔ أﻋﻤﺎل ﺗﺪر دﺧ‬
‫أ ﻛﺒﺮ؛ وﺗﻤﻜّﻦ اﻟﻨﺎس ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ ﻋﻦ اﻷﺧﻄﺎر اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ وﻓﺮص اﻟﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﺘﺠﺎرﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﻗﺮاءة‬
.‫اﻟﺼﺤﻒ واﻟﻨﺸﺮات‬
Some low-income countries spend a lot on education, but much of that goes
to sending the children of the elite to university for free, instead of giving
primary education to all - a priority for obtaining MCA funds.
‫ وﻟﻜﻦ اﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻷﻣﻮال‬،‫وﺗﻨﻔﻖ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺪول اﻟﻤﺤﺪودة اﻟﺪﺧﻞ اﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻣﻮال ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ‬
‫ وﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ‬،‫ﻳﻨﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ إرﺳﺎل أﺑﻨﺎء اﻟﻨﺨﺒﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﺎت ﻣﺠﺎﻧﺎ ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ اﻻﺑﺘﺪاﺋﻲ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬
.‫اﻷوﻟﻮﻳﺎت اﻟﻤﺸﺘﺮﻃﺔ ﻟﺘﻠﻘﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪات اﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻨﺪوق ﺗﺤﺪي اﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔ‬
6
2. Primary education completion rate. Even if money is allocated for
primary education, this does not guarantee an educated population.
‫ ﻻ‬،‫ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل ﺣﺪوﺛﻪ‬،‫إن اﻋﺘﻤﺎد اﻷﻣﻮال ﻟﻠﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ اﻻﺑﺘﺪاﺋﻲ‬: ‫ ﻣﻌﺪل إﻛﻤﺎل اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ اﻻﺑﺘﺪاﺋﻲ‬-2
.‫ﻳﻀﻤﻦ ﺑﺤﺪ ذاﺗﻪ ﺧﻠﻖ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺳﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻤﺔ‬
Corruption, poor quality of teaching, child labor and barring girls from school
or religious education may leave many children too poorly educated to
participate in development. Therefore the completion rate will be a factor in
MCA eligibility.
‫ﻓﻘﺪ ﻳﺘﺮك اﻟﻔﺴﺎد واﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﻀﻌﻴﻒ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ وﻋﻤﺎﻟﺔ اﻷﻃﻔﺎل وﻣﻨﻊ اﻟﺒﻨﺎت ﻣﻦ اﻟﺬﻫﺎب إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺪارس‬
‫أو اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ اﻟﺪﻳﻨﻲ أﻃﻔﺎﻻ ﻛﺜﻴﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﻤﺴﺘﻮى ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻀﻌﻒ ﺑﺤﻴﺚ أﻧﻪ ﻳﺤﻮل دون ﻣﺸﺎرﻛﺘﻬﻢ ﻓﻲ‬
.‫ وﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﺳﻴﻜﻮن ﻣﻌﺪل إﻛﻤﺎل اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ اﻻﺑﺘﺪاﺋﻲ ﻋﺎﻣﻼ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺄﻫﻴﻞ ﻟﺼﻨﺪوق ﺗﺤﺪي اﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔ‬.‫اﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ‬
3. Public expenditures on health as a percent of GDP. It is no longer
acceptable that only people living in wealthy countries or the elites in the
developing world have access to medicine and treatments that ease pain,
prolong life and enable us to live healthier, more productive lives.
‫ﻟﻢ ﻳﻌﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻘﺒﻮل أن‬: ‫ اﻟﻨﻔﻘﺎت اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﻛﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻣﺌﻮﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻲ اﻹﺟﻤﺎﻟﻲ‬-3
‫ﺗﻘﺘﺼﺮ ﻗﺪرة اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷدوﻳﺔ واﻟﻌﻘﺎﻗﻴﺮ واﻟﻌﻼﺟﺎت اﻟﻤﺨﻔﻔﺔ ﻟﻸﻟﻢ واﻟﻤﻄﻴﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻴﺎة وﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺗﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﻨﺎس ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺑﺤﻴﺎة أ ﻛﺜﺮ ﺻﺤﺔ وإﻧﺘﺎﺟﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﺎس اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﻌﻴﺸﻮن ﻓﻲ اﻟﺪول اﻟﺜﺮﻳﺔ أو‬
.‫اﻟﻨﺨﺒﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻴﺶ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﻨﺎﻣﻲ ﻓﻘﻂ‬
Unless countries show they are allocating funds to fight malaria, tuberculosis,
diarrhea and other illnesses that sap the productive strength of a people, MCA
funds will not be available.
‫وﻟﻦ ﺗﺘﻮﻓﺮ أﻣﻮال ﺻﻨﺪوق ﺗﺤﺪي اﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔ ﻷي دوﻟﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻟﻢ ﺗﺜﺒﺖ أﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺨﺼﺺ أﻣﻮاﻻ ﻟﻤﺤﺎرﺑﺔ اﻟﻤﻼرﻳﺎ‬
.‫واﻟﺴﻞ واﻹﺳﻬﺎل وﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻣﺮاض اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻀﻌﻒ ﻗﺪرة اﻟﻨﺎس اﻹﻧﺘﺎﺟﻴﺔ‬
4. Immunization rates for diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus and
measles. Even if a country allocates sufficient funds to health, they may be
tilted towards costly MRI machines and other equipment or treatments that
serve the elite in the cities rather than the basic health needs of the rural and
urban poor. Vaccination rates will reveal whether they are reaching the poor
majority.
‫وﺣﺘﻰ ﻟﻮ اﻋﺘﻤﺪت‬: ‫ ﻣﻌﺪﻻت اﻟﺘﻄﻌﻴﻢ ﺿﺪ أﻣﺮاض اﻟﺨﻨﺎق واﻟﺴﻌﺎل اﻟﺪﻳﻜﻲ واﻟﻜﺰاز واﻟﺤﺼﺒﺔ‬-4
‫ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﻨﺤﺎزة ﻓﻲ إﻧﻔﺎﻗﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ أﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ اﻟﻄﺒﻘﻲ اﻟﻤﻜﻠﻔﺔ‬،‫اﻟﺪوﻟﺔ أﻣﻮاﻻ ﻛﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺼﺤﺔ‬
‫وﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺟﻬﺰة واﻟﻌﻼﺟﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺨﺪم اﻟﻨﺨﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺪن ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺪ اﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎﺟﺎت اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ‬
‫ وﺳﺘﻜﺸﻒ ﻣﻌﺪﻻت اﻟﺘﻄﻌﻴﻢ ﻋﻤﺎ إذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﺼﻞ‬.‫اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﻘﺮاء ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﺮﻳﻔﻴﺔ واﻟﺤﻀﺮﻳﺔ‬
.‫إﻟﻰ اﻷﻛﺜﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﻔﻘﻴﺮة أم ﻻ‬

7
To be eligible for MCA funding, a country must show it is performing on two
of the four social investment criteria listed above. In addition, each country
must perform adequately on three of the six criteria for governing justly and
promoting economic freedom.
‫وﻳﺘﻌﻴﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺪوﻟﺔ ﻟﻜﻲ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﺆﻫﻠﺔ ﻟﺘﻠﻘﻲ ﺗﻤﻮﻳﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻨﺪوق ﺗﺤﺪي اﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔ أن ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﺣﺴﻦ أداﺋﻬﺎ‬
‫ ﻳﻀﺎف إﻟﻰ ذﻟﻚ أﻧﻪ ﻳﺘﻌﻴﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ‬.‫ﻓﻲ اﺛﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎر اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ اﻷرﺑﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺪرﺟﺔ أﻋﻼه‬
‫ﻛﻞ دوﻟﺔ أن ﻳﻜﻮن أداؤﻫﺎ ﻛﺎﻓﻴﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟﺴﺘﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﻜﻢ ﺑﻌﺪاﻟﺔ وﺗﺸﺠﻴﻊ‬
.‫اﻟﺤﺮﻳﺔ اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدﻳﺔ‬
Once a country meets those criteria, the final decision on eligibility will be
made by the MCC board, which will be chaired by the Secretary of State and
include the Secretary of the Treasury and Director of the Office of
Management and Budget. The chief executive officer of the corporation will
be confirmed by the Senate.
‫ ﻳﺘﺨﺬ ﻣﺠﻠﺲ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﺪي اﻷﻟﻔﻲ اﻟﻘﺮار اﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﺣﻮل ﻣﺎ‬،‫وﺑﻌﺪ أن ﺗﺴﺘﻮﻓﻲ دوﻟﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺸﺮوط‬
‫ وﺳﻴﺮأس اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺲ وزﻳﺮ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴﺔ اﻷﻣﻴﺮﻛﻲ‬.‫إذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﺆﻫﻠﺔ ﻟﺘﻠﻘﻲ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪات اﻟﺼﻨﺪوق أم ﻻ‬
‫ وﺳﻴﻘﻮم ﻣﺠﻠﺲ اﻟﺸﻴﻮخ ﺑﺈﻗﺮار‬.‫وﺳﺘﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﻋﻀﻮﻳﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ وزﻳﺮ اﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ وﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻣﻜﺘﺐ اﻹدارة واﻟﻤﻴﺰاﻧﻴﺔ‬
.‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬي‬
In the past, countries received foreign aid based on need. About 15 percent of
that assistance went through governments and the rest through non-
government organizations, universities, cooperatives, trade associations,
professional associations and faith-based groups and businesses.
‫ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺌﺔ ﻣﻦ‬15 ‫ وﻗﺪّم ﻧﺤﻮ‬.‫ﻟﻘﺪ ﺣﺼﻠﺖ اﻟﺪول ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻌﻮﻧﺔ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ أﺳﺎس اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺎت ﻓﻲ ﺣﻴﻦ ﻗﺪّم اﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻤﺎت ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ‬
‫واﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﺎت واﻟﺘﻌﺎوﻧﻴﺎت واﻟﺠﻤﻌﻴﺎت اﻟﺘﺠﺎرﻳﺔ واﻟﺠﻤﻌﻴﺎت اﻟﻤﻬﻨﻴﺔ واﻟﻤﻨﻈﻤﺎت اﻟﺨﻴﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﺪﻳﻨﻴﺔ‬
.‫وﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎت اﻷﻋﻤﺎل‬
Such aid - including humanitarian relief in the case of natural and man-made
disasters - will continue through USAID and other U.S. government agencies.
However, the MCA asks applicant nations, "What have you done for your own
people?" before inviting countries to participate.
‫ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ذﻟﻚ اﻹﻏﺎﺛﺔ اﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻜﻮارث اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬- ‫وﺳﻮف ﺗﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻤﻌﻮﻧﺔ‬
‫ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ اﻷﻣﻴﺮﻛﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﺪوﻟﻴﺔ وﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ‬- ‫واﻟﻜﻮارث اﻟﻨﺎﺟﻤﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺗﺼﺮﻓﺎت ﺑﺸﺮﻳﺔ‬
‫ إﻻ أن ﺻﻨﺪوق ﺗﺤﺪي اﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔ ﻳﺴﺄل اﻟﺪول اﻟﻤﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ‬.‫اﻟﻮﻛﺎﻻت اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ اﻷﻣﻴﺮﻛﻴﺔ‬
.‫" ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻓﻌﻠﺘﻤﻮه ﻟﺸﻌﺒﻜﻢ؟" ﻗﺒﻞ دﻋﻮة اﻟﺪول ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻛﺔ ﻓﻴﻪ‬:‫اﻟﺘﻤﻮﻳﻞ‬

8
‫‪If a government is putting children through primary school, then MCA can‬‬
‫‪help do something about providing graduates with jobs or help create‬‬
‫‪secondary school systems.‬‬
‫ﻓﺈذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺗﻮﻓﺮ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺪارس اﻻﺑﺘﺪاﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﻸﻃﻔﺎل ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﺼﻨﺪوق ﺗﺤﺪي‬
‫اﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔﻋﻨﺪﺋﺬ أن ﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻘﻴﺎم ﺑﺸﻲء ﻣﺎ إﻣﺎ ﻟﺘﻮﻓﻴﺮ وﻇﺎﺋﻒ ﻟﻠﺨﺮﻳﺠﻴﻦ أو ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة ﻓﻲ إﻧﺸﺎء‬
‫أﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺪارس اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪Each selected country will sign a contract with the MCC that provides for‬‬
‫‪financial accountability of MCA funds and includes a limited number of clear‬‬
‫‪and measurable objectives as well as regular benchmarks to measure progress.‬‬
‫وﺳﻮف ﺗﻮﻗﻊ ﻛﻞ دوﻟﺔ ﻳﺘﻢ اﺧﺘﻴﺎرﻫﺎ ﻋﻘﺪا ﻣﻊ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﺪي اﻷﻟﻔﻲ ﻳﻨﺺ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺆوﻟﻴﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻷﻣﻮال ﺻﻨﺪوق ﺗﺤﺪي اﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔ وﻳﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺪد ﻣﺤﺪود ﻣﻦ اﻷﻫﺪاف اﻟﻮاﺿﺤﺔ واﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﻟﻰ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ [ﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻢ اﻟﺘﻘﺪم ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪In order to drive up productivity and economic growth, MCA will focus on a‬‬
‫‪few key areas: agriculture, education, private enterprise, private sector‬‬
‫‪promotion, good governance, health and trade and investment.‬‬
‫و ﺳﻴﺮﻛﺰ ﺻﻨﺪوق ﺗﺤﺪي اﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ زﻳﺎدة اﻹﻧﺘﺎﺟﻴﺔ واﻟﻨﻤﻮ اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدي‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻤﺠﺎﻻت‬
‫اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ‪ :‬اﻟﺰراﻋﺔ واﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ واﻟﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﺘﺠﺎرﻳﺔ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ وﺗﺸﺠﻴﻊ اﻟﻘﻄﺎع اﻟﺨﺎص واﻟﺤﻜﻢ اﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ‬
‫واﻟﺼﺤﺔ واﻟﺘﺠﺎرة واﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎر‪.‬‬
‫‪MCA rules and funding are part of the Millennium Challenge Act of 2003,‬‬
‫‪which awaits congressional approval. It authorizes $1.3 billion in fiscal year‬‬
‫‪(FY) 2004 with spending going up until FY 2006 when the full $5 billion per‬‬
‫‪year will be budgeted.‬‬
‫إن ﻗﻮاﻧﻴﻦ وأﻧﻈﻤﺔ وﺗﻤﻮﻳﻞ ﺻﻨﺪوق ﺗﺤﺪي اﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔ ﺟﺰء ﻣﻦ ﻣﺸﺮوع ﻗﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﺘﺤﺪي اﻷﻟﻔﻲ ﻟﻠﻌﺎم ‪2003‬‬
‫اﻟﺬي ﻳﻨﺘﻈﺮ ﻣﻮاﻓﻘﺔ اﻟﻜﻮﻧﻐﺮس ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ .‬وﻫﻮ ﻳﺨﻮل اﻋﺘﻤﺎد ‪ 1,3‬أﻟﻒ ﻣﻠﻴﻮن دوﻻر ﻟﻠﺴﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ‪،2004‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ أن ﻳﺰداد اﻹﻧﻔﺎق ﺳﻨﻮﻳ ًﺎ ﺣﺘﻰ اﻟﻌﺎم ‪ 2006‬ﺣﻴﻦ ﻳﺘﻢ اﻋﺘﻤﺎد اﻟﻤﺨﺼﺼﺎت اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ وﻫﻲ ‪ 5‬آﻻف‬
‫ﻣﻠﻴﻮن دوﻻر ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﻨﺔ‪.‬‬

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‫‪Since the MCC will only have a staff of 100 - some of whom will likely be‬‬
‫‪USAID staff and experts assigned to the new body - MCA aid will be carried‬‬
‫‪out and monitored by a variety of actors, including USAID staff and missions‬‬
‫‪overseas, non-governmental organizations, faith-based relief groups and‬‬
‫‪others.‬‬
‫وﺑﻤﺎ أن ﻋﺪد ﻣﻮﻇﻔﻲ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﺪي اﻷﻟﻔﻲ ﺳﻴﻜﻮن ‪ 100‬ﻣﻮﻇﻒ ﻓﻘﻂ‪ ،‬وﺳﻴﻜﻮن ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫اﻷرﺟﺢ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮﻇﻔﻲ اﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ اﻷﻣﻴﺮﻛﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﺪوﻟﻴﺔ وﺧﺒﺮاﺋﻬﺎ اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﻌﻴﻨﻮن ﻓﻲ اﻟﻬﻴﺌﺔ اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪة ‪-‬‬
‫ﻓﺈن ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ وﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺔ ﻣﺸﺎرﻳﻊ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪة ﺻﻨﺪوق ﺗﺤﺪي اﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔ ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻳﺪ ﺟﻬﺎت ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ذﻟﻚ‬
‫ﻣﻮﻇﻔﻮ اﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ اﻷﻣﻴﺮﻛﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﺪوﻟﻴﺔ وﺑﻌﺜﺎﺗﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺨﺎرج واﻟﻤﻨﻈﻤﺎت ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ وﺟﻤﻌﻴﺎت‬
‫اﻹﻏﺎﺛﺔ اﻟﺪﻳﻨﻴﺔ وﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪President Bush said in his National Security Strategy (NSS) that U.S.‬‬
‫‪assistance to poor countries remains a basic part of foreign policy because of‬‬
‫‪America's ethical values as well as U.S. national interest in preventing states‬‬
‫‪from failing. Poverty and despair abroad often return to America in the form‬‬
‫‪of disease, drugs, illegal migration, and the loss of the common environment‬‬
‫‪of the planet.‬‬
‫ﻟﻘﺪ ﻗﺎل اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺲ ﺑﻮش ﻓﻲ اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ اﻷﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻮﻣﻲ اﻟﺘﻲ أﻋﻠﻨﻬﺎ إن اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪات اﻷﻣﻴﺮﻛﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺪول‬
‫اﻟﻔﻘﻴﺮة ﺗﻈﻞ ﺟﺰءا أﺳﺎﺳﻴﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴﺔ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﻘﻴﻢ اﻷﺧﻼﻗﻴﺔ اﻷﻣﻴﺮﻛﻴﺔ واﻟﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ اﻟﻘﻮﻣﻴﺔ‬
‫اﻷﻣﻴﺮﻛﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﻊ اﻟﺪول ﻣﻦ اﻻﻧﻬﻴﺎر‪ .‬ﻓﻜﺜﻴﺮا ﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﻮد اﻟﻔﻘﺮ واﻟﻴﺄس ﻓﻲ اﻟﺨﺎرج إﻟﻰ أﻣﻴﺮﻛﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺮض وﻣﺨﺪرات وﻫﺠﺮة ﻏﻴﺮ ﺷﺮﻋﻴﺔ وﺧﺴﺎرة ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺌﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺘﺮﻛﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﺮة اﻷرﺿﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪"Finally, the United States will use this moment of opportunity to extend the‬‬
‫‪benefits of freedom across the globe," the NSS says. "We will actively work to‬‬
‫‪bring the hope of democracy, development, free markets, and free trade to‬‬
‫"‪every corner of the world.‬‬
‫وﺗﻨﺺ اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ اﻷﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻮﻣﻲ أﻳﻀﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ أن "اﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة ﺳﺘﻘﻮم‪ ،‬أﺧﻴﺮاً‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻏﺘﻨﺎم ﻟﺤﻈﺔ ﻫﺬه‬
‫اﻟﻔﺮﺻﺔ ﻟﺘﻌﻤﻴﻢ ﻣﺰاﻳﺎ اﻟﺤﺮﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻜﺮة اﻷرﺿﻴﺔ‪ .‬وﺳﻮف ﻧﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﻨﺸﺎط ﻟﺠﻠﺐ أﻣﻞ اﻟﺪﻳﻤﻘﺮاﻃﻴﺔ‬
‫واﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ واﻷﺳﻮاق اﻟﺤﺮة واﻟﺘﺠﺎرة اﻟﺤﺮة إﻟﻰ ﻛﻞ رﻛﻦ ﻣﻦ أرﻛﺎن اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‪".‬‬
‫‪The MCA is the biggest increase in American foreign aid in perhaps 40 years.‬‬
‫وﻳﺸﻜﻞ ﺻﻨﺪوق ﺗﺤﺪي اﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔ أ ﻛﺒﺮ زﻳﺎدة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻮﻧﺔ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴﺔ اﻷﻣﻴﺮﻛﻴﺔ ﻣﻨﺬ ﻗﺮاﺑﺔ ‪ 40‬ﻋﺎﻣﺎ‪.‬‬

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