a a « fediant Heat exchange between Hap black bodies Separoted bY a Non-absorbing Medium 9~ “Wie Fadiany — heat exchange between tude bedies depend upon. | “He Mews He cepree he Cf eh cite fe. Sent they “See! Goch other 2. “Wee ertting and absovbing charactenistics , ane 3. he medium thot Injesvenes the +090 hodles dq Consi due +W0 wide bodies Ay 2A Enegy Jeaviny dA; & intercepled and abt 2 08 how 19 Fg. . ated by dA is, dG jg = Ty cost) cord OAr dan wa Simlory , Ty esd sd, dA Ar te Ae The nef Pate oF saqsfee OF emergy beween Ai 4 Ar, Bin = Bi - Poya eee G12 = JJ dg, maar = JJ By IG eth, dA — AIAr ae 8, 2 ea Sj oe copy aay das Ai Ar £ 9, = Af 47 _@ 2 . ose A kthere , Nan Sf Costy OS4e aq dA, te AVAd Arno, 4 ~ av = Ar Fay te —& where, ere ord ArFr = +f SE OPE Any day ——© AVAL ee. At Fis. Fin = Ae Fo | —@) G2 Wee = Fa To. = <2 () ar Gr), = 6 A ina ac The -T) \uhere, he ae shape factor of Ay With respeat to Ad Fo, => Shape faltor of Ar With rapedt te Ay [Arfis = AxF Air = Ar Fay This is krown AS Reciprodty fheore™ . (Biz\ny = SARC TL) aéAake, Chat) $C £4. © is epplicable te Slack bod 017, @) beam :I > tt is also coed View fae: eormer") factors oF at ara mn Pootor mi T a — Fij the fraction of the radiaion feowing Surface L that Shives Surface J direohy, — > Shape Factor | vew foctor vonges fom 0 and 1. 5 shape foctor j4 Purely O Junction oF geometric Parameters on\y, — > Shape foctor for different surfaces a5 shown belyw !— ww fe ot (® PUne surface CF = Shope Factor With vespect = 40 iteseP) ® ee ee Cb) Convex surface ® concave Surface 1— Y ‘ Fey -e © sree sphere © oUyee sphere @)MFin = Aa Pay —tw's 1s Reciprocity relation . Supenesinio “Rue ——_ Av ti, = AS Foo t+ Ae Fay a PFe But Also , Aa Fo) = Ar Fos + 92 Fog Fo, = Fag + Fog Fut Flot hit thin =! Fut Frat frat ~-Fhy =| AS on, Tis is summation Rule Fira = Fig This 16 © fycis Fil Syrrmehty Pe. @ = J____ a . ® anpintyery long surgaces + - aC é-- ee “i 9S. ~ Cts the) =Clgt ly) 1 * oo Fi-2 = ae, 2 = ea ae ce aly Ls! Se. ‘ 17 a) “Ths fs “aross ed - stings | i - aa method" as © Nn general, FE S (crossed strings) — = (Unewssed shinjs ) ‘ J : 2X (sning on surface L) EXI- Fing Fin, foe 0 hemisphencal Cow a5 showon In fig. Fy : aad Fu t Fy =I oe Fay t Foo = 1 BX) Fo, =O Cplane surface ) Hen, Foy st Al Fin = Aa Ta, = Aa Fh, =e os Ay Fy +4 =>lL Find Fay 2 Fox for hoo Gnveninic blatk cy}inders os Showa — felow : — A EGF LI ies | r+ FO TT thee ———_—__—_4 C a Fu t Fis = 1 (Summation Tre) - F, Ai Fin = Ar Foy C Redipredty rie) _ A ee ee ee Ts r= mal . at 7 Rare de Fus aA nies Fase pa =) Covmmaion 8) 4) thay = a foe IO * Eleciical nology - + ot Q,.. = SA Fo Cn-%d + dts ot, GSSee _ Wwe) EE Ny) RQ a > Sir _ an 7 Coece) Es, am ) & $2 = MFin. 7 Gan for radiative JIU beween the four Walls of a Shak, enclosure as Show” IM Fig. below ca) Br)oy = (Gada tra) -e¢ * C414) net 4 _& Cite = @AFL Ch) + BA Fig (To 3 + + 2A Fa 4-7.) (4), = ShrSe , eect y Ey ny 2 eg (ma) Cm Fa) ( ” a) e $F (Yay = AT 8 CTD Koz R co) (91) ney = ann Ot \ 2 — ‘ AF = AVF + : ; A\ Fie A2For. @)+ ENawetion of shape factor s- ost, “fj ee : Ay dan ae he = & ay Az The evaluadion OF Fin by soiwing the doubye intgraus Tnvowes a lob OF Mathernotical inpyicacies. Fow Convenience of Prechital Computation, share Factors Gre presenta in the form of Charts 5 shown ivy PQ. 7:26~ $32 from pk Nag bool, Fr simple geomet nea aurangement S. Ime om are Pare feckangulere, Surfaces ones oF a Aictance oF 4™- sre SurFacts Corniate the heot role & aac respecHiver). phe +t0° Surfaces: Ex:- Two opposite +0 each are blak and ot eechange Y Tadlayion between A\ Fin & ety) ee een =! = 2 & e's and 2 = + 2028 from Fig, 72% Fin = 0°04? Gi, crxy) (0042) eer xis? (ese 373") cee oe EX:- Two oon Uses mm in diameter are placed opposite te ce Of OS™, TH dises are mainrained each othe OF a Asian a uk A SOK yespecrivery, COleulate the peat Plow beween She discs a7 When no dhhee Surfaces are preent , Ch) when a cylindrica refractory no Plum dre discs are Onnected BY guyoce, (See saved ex: THe OF PRG) ‘ I eT :496 Heat ond Moe Tonsfr I4y= 4; for Fi, 0, Equations (7.45) and (7.46) solve many furnace problems, But these are in error bee temperatures of the surfaces are not uniform in practice, Hottel [5, 6] extended this type oF am multisurface cases, each surface being at @ uniform temperature 1.16 EVALUATION OF SHAPE FACTOR The shape factor is defined by the equation Lp jcossiees A A Ay Fi da, aa, ‘The evaluation of Fj» by solving the double integrals, each taken over a surface, even fi eometrical shapes or configurations of the surfaces, is quite involved entailing a lot of intricacies Hamilton and Morgan [7] evaluated shape factors for simple configurations involving cylinders, ete. and presented the results in tables and charts. For an extensive study of shape fj reader is referred to Ozisik [8], Siege! and Howell [9], Sparrow and Cess [10] and Jakob [11] For convenience of practical computation, shape factors are presented in the form of chan in Figs 7.26 ~ 7.32. For the geometrical arrangements for which the charts are not available, factor can be computed by the method of shape-factor algebra. Let us consider the determin shape factor Fy, 4, ffom an elemental surface d4, to a finite rectangular parallel surface dy (Fh Expressing the area asthe algebraic. sum ofthe four areas (4, = 4y dy dy + A) the Fag, 40am be written as Fraga = Fraga Fay ‘aaa Fina + Figa The shape factors on the right-hand side of this equation can be obtained from Fig. 7.26 35 —— —— [ trand 2 are sides of rectangle ] 40 Dis distance from aA to rectangle Diz Dimension rat 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 85 DIL; Dimension ratio Fig. 7.26 Shope factor fora surface element dA and o retongulr surface A parle titRodaton Hest Tanfer 4977 min 02 03040508081 2 Ratio L/w Shape factor for adjacent rectangles in perpendicular planes shoring a common edge ae PE Win 7A ETS 77 FE ea 0203040506081 2 3 456 8 10 Ratio L310 Fig. 7.28 Shope foc for drecy opposed rectangies