PERIODIC MOTION IBA. 13.2. 1B3. Bd, 135. 136. ToeNriry and Ser Ur: The target variables are the period and angular frequency «2. We are given the frequency {$0 we can find these using Eqs(13.1) and (13.2) EXECUTE: (a) /'=220 Hz T= Uf =1/220 He=4.54%10" s =2nf =2(220 Hz) =1380 radls 2(220 Ha) = 440 He .27 10" (emaller by a factor of 2) 2m f =2a(440 Hz) =2760 radls (factor of 2 larger) EVALUATE: The angular frequency is directly proportional tothe frequency and the period is inversely proportional tothe frequency. IneNTIFY and SET UP: ‘The amplitude is the maximum displacement from equilibrium, In one period the object {goes from x=+4 to x=—A and rewns EXECUTE: (a) A=0.120m () 0.800 s=7/2 so the period is 160s 1 (© f=4=0.025 He T EVALUATE: Whenever the object is released from rest, its intial displacement equals the amplitude of its SHM. IwENTIFY: The period i the time for one vibration and =. SETUP: The units of angular frequency are rads : 0.508 Execute: The period is 2:50; 4x10" s and the angular frequency is « = 3 = 5.53x10 rad/s. EvaLuars: There are 880 vibrations in 1.05, sof =880 Hz . This is equal to 1/7 IpeNtiry: The period is the time for one cycle and the amplitude is the maximum displacement from equilibrium. Both these values can be read from the graph, SET Ur: The maximum x is 10.0 em. The time for one eycle is 16.08 1 EXECUTE: (a) T=16.0550 f, 0.0625 He (b) A=10.0.om (©) 7 =16.0s (@) w= 2x f =0393 radls EVALUATE: After one cycle the motion repeats InentiFY: This displacement is + of a period. SerUr: T=1/f=0.200s Execuy 10500 s EVALUATE: The time is the same for x=A to x=! xeA Ipenriry: Apply Eq,(13.12) Ser Up: The period will be twice the interval between the times at which the glider is atthe equilibrium position. (2 (0.200 kg) = 0.292 N/m. (rae ) 070K EVALUATE: 1N=1 kg-mis?, so 1N/m=1 kg/s? “A, for x=—A to x=Oand for x=0t0 Execute: BABa 137. 18. Bo. 13.10. 1B. 13.42. Chapter 13 IDENTIFY and Se UP: Use Eq.(13.1) to calculate 7, Eq.(13.2) to caleulate @, and Eq.(13.10) for m. Execure: (a) T =f =1/6.00 Hz =0.167 s (b) «= 20 f = 2216.00 Hz)=37.7 rads (© o= Vin implies m= Kia? = (120 Nim)/(37.7 rads) EVALUATE: We can verify that K/o* has units of mas. aE 2eVn aa sere: /Vn= 2A consant.so ffm Jame EXECUTE: (a) m, =0.750 kg, .33 Hz and m, = 0.750 kg +0.220 kg = 0.970 kg . | (1.33 Ha) [0-780 ke im, (0970 ke (b) m, =0.750 kg —0.220 kg =0.530 kg. f IDENTIFY: The mass and frequency are related by ft 17 He, JOTSOKE 153 He 0 kg EVALUATE: When the mass increases the frequency decreases and when the mass decreases the frequency increases. IpeNTIFY: Apply Eqs.(13.11) and (13.12). SerUr: f= (a) [0.500 kg _, EXBCUTE: (a) T= 2m PONTE =0.375 5 oF 2.66 He. (6) «=2af =16.7 rads EVALUATE: We can verify that I kg/(Nim)=1 5°. Iomeiy and Se7Ur: Use Bs. (13.12) (13.15), and (13.16) EXECUTE: /=440 Ha, A=3.0 mm, CE 9=2f = 2m(440 he) =2.76x10 ral’ x= (3.010 mcos((2.76%10" rads) () », =-eodsintor +6) gu =A = (2.76X10" radls}3.0%10° m)=8.3 ms (maximum magnitude of velocity) “07 Acos(ar +) Ag, = 0A =(2.76%10" radis)"3.0%10" m) =2.3%10" ms (maximum magnitude of acceleration) ©, 0H Acos ox a Jet = +00 Asin cx =[2x(440 Hz) (3.0%10" m)sin((2.76%c10" rads} = (6.3x10" mis?) sin((2.76x10" ras}) Maximum magnitude ofthe jek is @”A=6:3%10" mst IDENTIFY: | Use Eq.(13.19) to calculate A, The initial position and velocity of the block determine $. x()is given by Bg.(13.13). SET UP: c0s@ is zero when @= 41/2 and sin(zt/2) A Execute: (a) From Bq, (13.19), A= requires that sin 9>0, so @ (©) 005 (01+ (212) =-sin a, 50 EVALUATE: The x(¢)result in part (c) does give x=O.at =O and x-<0 for slightly greater than zero, IDENTIFY and SET Ur: We are given k, m, x, and vy. Use Bgs.(13.19), (13.18), and (13.13). EXECUTE: (a) q(13.19: A=fq yaar = Jig + mae A= Y(0.200 im) (2.00 kg—4.00 mvs)°/(300 Nim) = 0.383 m133. 134. 13.45. 13116, 137, Periodic Motion 13-3, (b) Bq.(13.18): ¢=arctan(—»,,/@x,) eo Vid = (300 Nin)/2.00 kg =12.25 radls (4.00 mis) (12.25 radis}(0.200 m) (0.383 m)cos({12.2rad/s}! + 1.02 rad) EVALUATE: At 1=0 the block is displaced 0.200 m from equilibrium but is moving, so A>0.200 m, According to Eg.(13.15), a phase angle g in the range 0<¢<90" gives 1,, <0, Ipentiry: For SHM, a, =-0"x=—(2af)'x. Apply Eqs.(13.13), (13.15) and (13.16), with A and ¢ from Bqs.(13.18) ain - Jean 29) = 885° (or 02) (©) x= Acos(ar+9) gives x= and (13.19). SErUP: x=Llom, y,,=-ISem/s. @=2ef,with f =2.5 He. EXecure: (a) a, =—(2n(2.5 Hz))'(1.1x107 m) =-2.71 mis’, (b) From Eq, (13.19) the amplitude is 1.46 em, and from Eq. (13.18) the phase angle is 0.715 rad. ‘The angular frequency is 2xf =15.7 rad/s, 0 x= (1.46 em) cos (15.7 rad/s)r+0.715 rad) , (22.9 cm/s) sin (15.7 rads +0.715 rad) and a, = (~359 ems") cos ((15.7 rad/s +0.715 rad) EVALUATE: We can verify that our equations for x, v, and a, give the specified values at r= 0. IpeNtiFY and Ser Up: Calculate x using Ea.(13.13). Use Tto calculate « and x, t0 calculate ¢. EXECUTE: x=0 at ¢=0 implies that ¢=:47/2 rad ‘Thus x= Acos(ar+a/2), T=2alo s0 w= 2n/T =2x/1.20 6=5.236 rad/s += (0.600 m)cos({5.236 radis}[0.480 s]++£/2}= 0.353 m. ‘The distance of the object from the equilibrium position is 0.353 m. EVALUATE: The problem doesn't specify whether the object is moving in the +x or —x direction at 1=0, Anim _ 4° (42.5 kg) Po 30s" 4 §)°(993 Nim ‘at EXECUTE: Empty chair; T=: 13. Ni Wit pea inchs T=, avs Mhgnoe =162 k= 42.5 k= 120 ke. EVALUATE: For the same spring, when the mass increases, the period increases. Ibentiry and Set Ur: Use Bq.(13.12) for 7 and Eq,(13.4) to relate a, and k. Execute: T'=2rVmnik, m=0.400 kg }62 kg and (0400 kg)(-2.70 ms") _ 5 66 Nim 5 0.300 m Use a, 70 mis* to calculate k: —kx=ma, gives k T= 2«vmlk =2,09 s EVALUATE: 4, is negative when xis positive. ma,lx has units of Nim and Ji has units of s. Worry: T= 28/0, Ser UP: a, is proportional too a, goes through one cycle when the displacement goes through one cycle, From the graph, one cycle of a, extends from ¢=0.108 to £=0.305, so the period is '=0.208. k=2.50 Niem=250 N/m. ‘From the graph the maximum acceleration is 12.0 mus* (f} =(250 Nim (220 £ My, — (0.253 kg\12.0 mus") by = Mau, = (0.283 ke X12.0 ms) macry 250 Nim (©) Foy, =RA=(250 NimX0.0121 m)=3.03 N 0121 m=1.216em