8/16/2018 MOTIVATION Motivation > Isa process of activating behavior, ‘sustaining it, and directing ittoward a particular goal > Moves people to act and accomplish > As the set of internal and external forces that cause a worker or employee to choose ‘a course of acton and engage in a certain behavior. Key elements of motivation + Relates to what an individual chooses to ‘do when he is confronted with @ number of possible choices. Motivation > waponmceca seat tt 1 ttnsty iertrgeerereaagae 2 Direction ena 3. Pertence Direction Intensity + Refers to the level of effort provided by the employee in the atternpt to achieve the goal assigned to him8/16/2018 Persistence + Is.a dimension of motivation which measures how long a person can maintain effort to achieve the organization's goals. 2 Theories related of motivation classified a: 41) Content Theories > are those that focus on analyzing the wants ‘and needs of an individual 2) Process Theories > Explain how people actin response tothe wants and needs that they neve Cont. ‘The known Content Theories are the ff A. Hierarchy of need Theory of Abraham Maslow BB. ERG theory of Clayton Alerter C. Acquired Needs Theory of David L McCielland D. Tworfector Theory of Frederick Herzberg A. Hierarchy of Needs Theory Five human being needs 1. Physiological -Whichinclude hunger, est shai, sex and oer ‘oat nods. 2,) Safety Wich inctude scunty, and potato rom ‘ys and emtonal htm. 3, Social needs Win include affection, belongingness, scceptance ana iene Cont. 4, Estoom needs 17 Whicinctde intemal esteem factors such a8 st- Iepectsdoroy achievement on xa een 5. Self actualization refereto the dveto become whit ones patie of becoming hich ineudoe growth, sehaving ‘Shes polenta. ana Sefer The ERG Theory > aa neednerazeny theory of motivation hat was eveloped by Ciayion aloe, ‘Three se of neoas 4) "Bonne sfc owt aay an navi aking8/16/2018 C. Acquired Needs Theory Result ofa research by David McClelland and his associates, Managers are motivated by 3 fundamental needs D. Two — factor Theory > developed by Frederick Hezberg Identifies job context as a source of job dissatisfaction and job content as the which may be briefly described source of job satisfaction 1. Needs for achievement 2, Needs for afliation 3. Need for power 2 Classification under Process Theoris Expectancy theory 41 Expectancy Theory by Victor Vroom 1 This theory ses people as chosing a course faction 2ocording to wha hey antcipate wil give them the frestestrewars 2. gully Theory of J. Stacey Adams 7 Atbeory that individuals compare job inputs and ‘atcomes wih hose of ethers and hen respons ‘sirnate nequtes 1 This assumes that employees are motvated by a desire tobe equtbly read at work ‘oom elaborates by explaining that mativaion is a preduct ofthe folowing for: 4. Valence now much one wants 2 rewars; 2. Expectancy ones estate ofthe proba ht (on wi resutin sucoeslul peromrance: and {2 Insrumenilty~one estate that perfomance wi ‘Valence x expectancy insrumentlty * mtivation 3 ‘Theory of Edwin A, > Defined a the theory hat pectic and det gots, ‘wth feedback ead 1 higher performance + Rs based onthe premise tat behaviors eguste by ‘alves and goals goals the spect argat hat an + Job content refers to workers’ job ‘activities or what workers actually do on the Job. + Job context refers to the conditions under which the work is performed and the demands