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oPScbMb]N^H¾ZKO!SFWfoî§ifJML!Q!VXORqORN^mFJML!Q!NPO¶LP*ifJMo£iÑORNô^VXORHQTifN+VXYfQ!o^Vf[+N^LVUdËQTifNw[+VFL!QO¶Nô^NPWFQZKO!S<Wfo£ifN^LP
z4ifN2L!Nô^VXWfH+bMN^}FN^b)ifJML!Q!VXORqJMLËORNô^VXO¶HKN^HJ`WVXWfN2VXO3[+VfORN@QTS<Zfb]N^L3VUd ÛZfJMQ3LTScQYKO!ScQ!J`Wfmo^VXYKWFQNPORLPcoPScbMbMN^H
KMLOpqcN&^WPS[W_`VbPScfgN
YFaa)[MTb^W^WTb^.Y\[MT8Y\ckgN&TbafgNU)PWT4Uf\_N&aY\[WcTb^bhPSR&TZPSzf8TbYF^WP.^Sck\Nc&VY\NP3UcPW^.zczYgzYg)ÛT
T e[Mf3Y\NàY\[MTPSR`Te[MTepOf\[MT0N`fFPz_&^WTap:f\[^WTeTbVPScf\N%r
Pattern History Table (PHT)
Branch History
Pattern
00 . . . 00
Branch History Register (BHR) 00 . . . 01
(Shift left when updated) 00 . . . 10
1 1 1 0
k-bit index
11 . . . 10
11 . . . 11
8729;= 1|S ¡
õ 72-¢9=-z£¥¤q¦-xÂù
§¨F©¤qª /21%«z1¢/.¬ = 1¢ 7¯®&¨)¤z=
p3ScQ!Q!NPO!W · JML!Q!VfORqzSFZfbMN^L r p · zLTxÊzÁifNZKO!SFWfoîBifJ]LQ!VXORqO¶N^mFJML!Q!NPO
JMLYfL!N^HBQ!V+J`WfHKN^ÌBJ`WFQ!V+QTifNp · z
Q!VL!N^bMNô^QvifJMo£i ÛZfJ]Qto^VXYKWFQNPO+Q!V§YfL!NF¸»½d/QifNBo^VXW<g)mXYKO!ScQJ]VfW¸YfL!N^L[+VXORNQTiKSFW¾VXWfN_p · z"EVfWfN
Vcd4QTifNÂp · zLJMLvoîfVFL!NPW¾ZKScL!N^H¾VXWÑQTifNb]NPSUL!Q+L!JMmXWfJhg)oPSFWFQZfJ]QLvVcd4QTifNtd½N^Q!oî¾ScHKH)ORN^L!LP§ÎlWfo^NBQifN
ÛZfJMQo^VXYKW<Q!NPOÁJMLL!N^bMNô^Q!N^HÍQTifNaKO¶N^HKJ]o^QJ]VfW_JML[vSUHKNYfL!J`WfmQTifN+LTSF[+N[+N^QifVXHScLJ`W{QTifN+z22VcÛ
J]Q
s VXYKW<Q!NPO
L!o£ifNP[\NF
GÒmFbMVXZKScb3QR2Vc>bMN^}FN^b3aKORN^HKJMo^Q!VXO r Ô"GLxYfL!N^LVXWfNvZKO!SFWfoîifJ]LQ!VXORqORN^mFJML!Q!NPOÁQ!VBo^VFbMbMNô^QQTifN+VXYfQ¶
o^VX[+N^LlVcd4ScbMb@ZKO!SFWfoîfN^LP+Õ3JMmXYKORN ØLTifVc4LifVcÒSBÔ"GLaKORN^HKJMo^Q!VfOl4JMQTiVfWfNp · zI2VXO!º<LPz4ifN
o^VXWFQNPWFQ!L2VcdQTifNZKO!SFWfoîBifJML!Q!VXORqBORN^mFJML!QNPO4SFORNlYfL!N^H_QVJ`WfHKN^ÌBJ`W<Q!VvQTifNp · zlKz4ifJML4LN^b]Nô^QL/S ÛZfJMQ
o^VXYKWFQNPO^KLTiKScHKN^HJ`W{QTifNlg)mfYKORNF4z4ifNaKO¶N^HKJ]o^QJ]VfW{d½VfO2QTifNoPYKOORNPWFQlZKO!SFWfoîBJMLl[vScHKN+ZKScL!N^HVXWBQifN
}ÀScb`YfNVcd QTifJML2o^VXYKW<Q!NPO3ScL
N^Ì¿afb`ScJ`WfN^HBNPSFORbMJMNPO^@zÁifNZKO!SFWfoîvifJML!Q!VXO¶q\O¶N^mFJML!Q!NPO3JML2YKaKH)ScQ!N^HBZ<qLifJ dkQ!J`Wfm
b]NdkQ4ZFqtVXWfNFf4JMQTiQTifNlaKORN^HKJMo^Q!JMVXWBQTiKSUQ@4ScLò¶YfLQË[vScHKNlNPW<Q!NPORN^HBScL2QTifNbMNPScL!Q2L!JMmXWfJhg)oPSFW<QZfJMQP@z4ifN
ÛZfJMQlo^VXYKWFQNPO4QTiKSUQ4ScLlYfL!N^H§Q!VB[vSFºUNQTifNvaKORN^HKJMo^Q!JMVXWJMLYKa³H)ScQ!N^H§ifNPW{QTifNvZKO!S<Wfo£i{JMLORN^Q!JÒRN^H
YfL!J`WfmvQTifNLTSF[+NlO!YfbMN^L4ScL
d½VXO
QTifNlz22VcÛ
JMQ s VXYKW<Q!NPO3L!oîfNP[+NF@ufJ`Wfo^NQTifNVfYfQ!o^VX[+N^L
JyWQifNZKO!SFWfoî
ifJ]LQ!VXORq§ORN^mFJML!QNPOORNPaKORN^LNPWFQQTifNZKO!SFWfoîfN^LaKO¶Nô^N^HKJyWfmQTifNtoPYKO!ORNPW<QZKO!SFWfoî*QTifNvmFbMVXZKSUb@QR2Vc>bMN^}FN^b
aKORN^HKJMo^Q!VXO
oPSFWBYfL!NQTifNo^VXO!ORN^b`ScQ!JMVXWBZ³N^QRËN^NPWtQTifNloPYKO!O¶NPWFQ4ZKO!SFWfoîSFWfHQifNVFQifNPOËZKOSFWfo£ifN^LÁJyWQifN
ifJ]LQ!VXORqQ!V[vSFºcN2JMQ!L@aKORN^HKJMo^Q!JMVXW*
Gm<b]VfZKScbKQRËVU>b]N^}<N^b)aKORN^HKJMo^Q!VXO3ÁJ]QiVfWfb]q+VXWfNp · z¾J]L2ScbML!VloPScbMbMN^H
SvÔlGmaKORN^HKJMo^Q!VXOÇ2GÒaKNPOÆÛScHKH)O¶N^L!LQR2Vc>bMN^}FN^bEaKO¶N^HKJ]o^QVXO r p)GLTx4YfLN^LVXWfN+ZKO!SFWfoî_ifJML!Q!VfORq_ORN^mFJML!Q!NPO
aKNPOZKOSFWfo£i*L!QVXORN^H§J`W¾SBËOSFWfo£i · J]LQ!VXORqzESFZfbMN r · zÁx^*ifNPORNNPScoîVcd4QTifNifJML!Q!VfORq§ORN^mFJML!Q!NPORL
o^VFbMb]Nô^QLQTifN+VXYfQ!o^Vf[+N^LlVcdËVfWfN\ZKOSFWfo£i*+z4ifN · zIJMLStQTScmFmFN^HL!QO!Yfo^QTYKORN+L!J`[+JMb`SFOlQVBQTifNvËzÁ
$
SFWfH+QTifN4ifJ]LQ!VXORJMN^L@oPS<WvZKN4ScHKHKN^HvQVlQTifN4ËzÁ§J`WfL!Q!NPSUHvVcd.iKS}fJ`WfmSL!NPaKSFO!ScQN · z¾Jhd.HKN^LJyO¶N^H@»kQ3JML
o^VX[v[+VXW\Q!VlJ`Wfo^byYfHKNlQifNo^VFLQ3VcdQTifNifJML!Q!VXO¶J]N^L¿ZKYfQ2WfVFQ@QifN4o^VFL!Q
VcdQTifN · zµVXO@2z4¾QScmFL3ifNPW
oPScbMoPYfbySUQ!J`WfmBQTifN+Jy[tafb]NP[\NPWFQTSUQ!JMVXW{o^VFL!Q4VcdËSpGLlaKORN^HKJMo^Q!VXOÇzÍVÂ[vS<ºcNSaKO¶N^HKJ]o^QJ]VfW**QTifNvZKO!SFWfoî
ifJ]LQ!VXORq_ORN^m<J]LQ!NPO4o^VfO!ORN^LTa³VXWfHKJ`WfmBQ!VQifNoPYKO!ORNPW<QZKO!SFWfoîBJMLlL!N^bMNô^Q!N^H§SFWfHQTifJMLlifJML!Q!VXORq{JML/YfL!N^HQ!V
[vSFºcNS{aKORN^HKJMo^Q!JMVXWJ`WÑQTifNLTSF[+Nv4Sq§ScLJ`W¾QTifNÔlGL\aKO¶N^HKJ]o^QVXO^BG pGLvaKORN^HKJMo^Q!VXO4JMQTiÑVXWfbMq
VXWfNp · zâJMLScbML!VORNd½NPOORN^H_Q!VBScLSpGmaKORN^HKJMo^Q!VXO^4ufJ`Wfo^NvQTifN+pGLlaKORN^HKJMo^Q!VXOYfL!N^LQTifNaKORN^}fJMVXYfL
N^ÌXNôPYfQ!JMVXWtaKScQ!Q!NPO!WVcd*QTifN4ZKO!SFWfoîQ!V[vSFºcN4SlaKORN^HKJMo^Q!JMVXW*fJMQ3JMLËSFZfbMN4QVlo^VXO!ORNô^Q!bMq+aKORN^HKJMo^QËZKO!SFWfoîfN^L
4JMQTio^VX[vafbMN^Ì*)ZKYfQORNôPYKO!O¶JyWfmN^ÌfNôPYfQ!JMVXW_aKScQQ!NPO!WfLP3z4ifNlQR2Vc>bMN^}FN^baKORN^HKJMo^Q!VXORLORNPaKORN^L!NPW<QS+mXO¶NPScQ
Jy[taKORVc}FNP[+NPW<QlVÀ}<NPOaKORN^}fJMVXYfLLo£ifNP[+N^L · Vc2NPO^*QTifN^q{HKVBLTY<ÅNPOÁdeO¶VX[äJ`W<Q!NPOÆdkNPORNPWfo^NZ³N^QÛ2N^NPWQifN
ZKO!SFWfoîfN^LËQiKScQ@YfL!NQTifN/aKO¶N^HKJ]o^QVXO^KSFWfHQTifN^q+QTSFºcN4bMVXWfm<NPO@QJy[\NQ!VQTO!ScJ`W+QiKSFWvLJy[tafb]NPOÁaKORN^HKJMo^Q!VXORLP
ufN^}FNPO!ScbF}cSFORJ`ScQ!JMVXWfLVcdXQifN@QR2Vc>bMN^}FN^bFZKO!SFWfoîlaKORN^HKJMo^Q!VXORL3iKS}FN@ZKN^NPWaKORVXaKV<L!N^HEz4ifN2ÔlLTiKS<ORNZ F
aKORN^HKJMo^Q!VXOJMLlJMHKNPWFQ!JMoPScb
Q!VQTifNvÔlGLaKORN^HKJMo^Q!VXON^Ìfo^NPafQd½VXOQifNmFNPWfNPO!SUQ!JMVXW{VcdËQTifN+J`WfHKN^ÌJ`WFQ!VBQifN
p · zl3»>WSÔlLTiKS<ORNÂaKO¶N^HKJ]o^QVXO+4JMQTiSw<ÛZfJMQifJML!Q!VXO¶qF@QTifNJ`WfHKN^ÌJ`WFQ!VQTifN_p · zðJMLvQTifN_ifJML!QVXORq
° Îl2N^HÁJ]Qi¾QTifNBbMNPScL!QL!JMmXWfJhg)oPSFWFQ
wZfJMQ!LvVcdlQTifNdkN^Q!oîScHKH)ORN^L!LvQiKScQvSFORN_WfVFQYfLN^HQ!V§L!N^bMNô^Q
ifJMo£i¾p · zðQ!VYfL!NFz4ifN ° ÎlÈiKScLTifJ`Wfm{deYKWfo^QJ]VfW¾oPORNPScQ!N^L+S[\VXORNO!S<WfHKVX[ YfLTSUmFNÂaKSUQ!Q!NPO!WJ`W
QTifNp · zl n JhÅNPORNPW<QZKO!SFWfoîfN^L\S<ORN+b]N^LLbMJ`ºcN^bMq¸Q!VBo^VfWJ)J]o^QdkVXOQTifNYfLNvVcdS{aKSFORQ!JMoPYfb`SFO"NPWFQTO¶qJ`W
QTifNp · zl4JMQTiÚQTifN+NÅ.Nô^QQTiKScQÔlLTiKSFO¶NiKScLlSvLb]JMmXi<Q!bMqifJMmXifNPOlaKO¶N^HKJ]o^QJ]VfW§ScoôPYKO!Sco^qBQiKSFW_Ô"GLP
G/WfVFQifNPO3mFbMVXZKScb*QR2Vc>bMN^}FN^b aKO¶N^HKJ]o^QVXO
J]L2QTifNlaKScQTi<ÛZKSUL!N^HÂifJML!QVXORqaKORN^HKJMo^Q!VfOE F Û z4ifN/aKSUQTi<ÛZKScL!N^H
aKORN^HKJMo^Q!VXOÍL!Q!VXORN^LÍL!N^}FNPO!ScbFZfJMQ!LPFYfLYKScbMb]q ÇdeORVf[NPSUo£iZKO!SFWfoîlQTSFO¶mFN^Q*JyW"QTifNËifJML!QVXORqORN^mFJML!QNPO*J`WfL!Q!NPScH
VcdYfL!J`Wfm{VXWfNZfJMQldkVXOQTifNvHKJÒRNô^QJ]VfW§Vcd2NPScoî§ZKO!SFWfoî*vz4ifNaKScQi<ÛZKScL!N^H§L!oîfNP[+N[\VXORN+N^Ì¿afbMJMo^JMQ!bMq
ORNPaKORN^L!NPW<Q!LQTifNaKScQTiÚQTSFºcNPWÚQ!VvmFN^Q4QVSZKOSFWfo£i**ZKYfQlScQ4QTifNo^VFL!Q4VcdËSUb]bMVc4J`WfmJyW<dkVXO![tScQ!JMVXWd>ORVX[
d½N^2NPO+aKScL!QvZKO!SFWfoîfN^L+J`WQTifNBifJML!Q!VXORqORN^mFJML!QNPO^§»>W¾mFNPWfNPOScbk@QTifNBaKScQTi<ÛZKSUL!N^HifJML!Q!VXORq¾aKORN^HKJMo^Q!VXO
HKVXN^LWfV<Q42VXO!ºvScLÁËN^bMbESULaKScQ!Q!NPOWBifJ]LQ!VXORqBZKScL!N^H{QÛ2Vc>bMN^}FN^baKORN^HKJMo^Q!VfORLP
n YfNQ!V+QTifN+[vSFW<qvHKJhÅ.NPO¶NPWFQ4SPqfL4SvZKO!SFWfoîoPSFW{ZKNPiKS}FNF)S+LJyWfm<b]N+aKORN^HKJMo^Q!VXOÁ4JMbMb0WfVFQZKNQifN
ZKN^L!Q+dkVXO+ScbMbZKO!S<Wfo£ifN^LPz4ifJMLJMLvQTifN_[+VFQJ]}cScQ!JMVXWÑdkVXOvZKYfJMbMHKJ`WfmiFqKZKORJMH1ZKO!S<Wfo£iaKORN^HKJMo^Q!VfORL± F Û
G iFqKZKORJMHZKO!SFWfoî¸aKORN^HKJMo^Q!VfOo^VfWfL!JML!Q!L+VcdQR2VBVXO[\VXORNo^VX[vaKVfWfNPWFQvaKORN^HKJMo^Q!VXO¶L\S<WfHÉSÚL!N^bMNô^Q!JMVXW
[+Nô£iKS<WfJ]L[äQ!Vto£ifVfVFL!NifJMo£iÚVcd@QTifNaKORN^HKJMo^Q!VXO¶LlQ!VYfL!N"d½VXONPSco£iBZKOSFWfo£i*2Õ3JMmXYKO¶N J]bMb`YfL!QTOScQ!N^L
ifVÀÈSiFqKZKORJMHÉaKO¶N^HKJ]o^QVXO+mFNPWfNPO!SUQ!N^LSaKORN^HKJMo^Q!JMVXW*§z4ifNL!N^bMNô^Q!JMVXW-[+Nô£iKS<WfJ]L[² F Ë
VfWQTifNb]NdkQ
YfL!N^LS+QTS<Zfb]NVcd ÛZfJMQLTSUQTYKO!ScQ!J`Wfmvo^VfYKWFQ!NPO¶L4Q!VvºcN^NPaBQO!Sco^º+Vcd3ifJMo£iaKORN^HKJMo^Q!VXOJ]LoPYKO!ORNPW<Q!bMq_[+VXO¶N
ScoôPYKO!ScQ!NdkVXONPScoîZKO!SFWfoî*vw@ScoîZKO!SFWfoîJML[vSFaKaKN^H¾Q!VBSo^VXYKW<Q!NPOYfL!J`Wfm{QTifN+b]NPSUL!QL!JMmXWfJhg)oPSFW<Q
ZfJ]QL4J`WJ]QL@dkN^Q!oîBScHKH)ORN^L!L0»½d0QifNo^VXYKW<Q!NPO
}ÀSUbyYfNJML4b`SFORmFNPO
QTiKSFWtVXO
N^jKYKScb*Q!V fQTifN4g O¶L!Q4aKORN^HKJMo^Q!VXO
J]LlYfL!N^H2ÎQTifNPOR4JML!NFQTifNL!Nô^VXWfHaKO¶N^HKJ]o^QVXO4JMLlYfL!N^H2z4ifNo^VXYKW<Q!NPOÁJML/YKa³H)ScQ!N^H_ifNPWBQTifN+ZKO!SFWfoî

Selection Counters
Prediction from
Prediction from
Fetch Address
predictor 1
predictor 2
X X 1 1 1 0 0 0
k-bit index
Prediction
for hybrid
8729;= 1|<:¡
õ 7:-¢9z=-z£¥¤I¦E-x³ 6E5 =&7 5 =-z´>®³ ¬ = 1µ 7S®&¨)¤=
J]L+ORN^Q!JÒRN^H_»½d4VXWfbMq§QTifN+g ORLQaKORN^HKJMo^Q!VXO"4ScLo^VXOORNô^QPQifNvo^VXYKW<Q!NPOlJML+J`WfoPORNP[+NPW<Q!N^H_»«d4VXWfbMq§QifN
L!Nô^VXWfHaKORN^HKJMo^Q!VfO@4ScL3o^VfO!ORNô^QP<QTifN4o^VXYKW<Q!NPO3JML2HKNôPORNP[+NPW<Q!N^H@»½dEZKVFQTitaKORN^HKJMo^Q!VXORL4[vScHKNÁQTifN4LTSF[\N
aKORN^HKJMo^Q!JMVXW*3QTifNo^VXYKW<Q!NPO}ÀScb`YfNJ]LWfVFQoîKSFWfmFN^H_»ÆWSB4Sq§SFWKScbMVFmFVXYfLQ!V_QifN4SqS{QR2Vc>bMN^}FN^b
aKORN^HKJMo^Q!VXO
2VXO!º<LPFQTifNÁL!N^bMNô^Q!JMVXWB[+NôîKSFWfJMLT[ÈoPSFWScbML!VZ³NlVXORmXS<WfJ'^N^HBYfL!J`WfmvS+ifJ]LQ!VXORqvSFWfHBaKScQ!Q!NPOW
ifJ]LQ!VXORq{QTSFZfbMN^LldkVXON^}FNPW§Z³N^Q!Q!NPOScoôPYKO!Sco^qo&Û+z4ifNvo^VX[taKVXWfNPW<QaKORN^HKJMo^Q!VfORLYfL!N^HÑJyW QTifNi<q¿ZKORJMH
oPSFW§ZKN_S<WFq§aKORN^HKJMo^Q!VXO¶LP@ZKYfQJMQ+JML+mFNPWfNPO!ScbMbMqÉZ³N^L!Q+Q!ViKS}FNtQTifNo^Vf[vaKVXWfNPW<Q!Lo^VX[vafbMNP[+NPW<QvNPScoî
VFQTifNPO^z4ifN4p)GL@SFWfHÔ"LTiKSFORN2aKORN^HKJMo^Q!VXORL@a³NPOÆdkVXO![ÐaKSFORQJ]oPYfb`SFO¶b]q+2N^bMbKQ!VFmFN^QifNPOJ`WvSli<q¿ZKO¶J]HZKO!SFWfoî
aKORN^HKJMo^Q!VXO^
ufN^}FNPO!ScbK[+NôîKSFWfJMLT[+L3iKSP}<N@ZKN^NPW+aKORVXa³VFL!N^HQV4J`[vaKORVc}FN@m<b]VfZKScbF}ÀS<ORJ`ScQ!JMVXWfLVcd)QTifN3QR2Vc>bMN^}FN^bXaKORN
HKJ]o^QVXORL@Z<q\O¶N^H)Yfo^JyWfmQTifNSF[\VXYKWFQ3VUd J`WFQNPOÆd½NPO¶NPWfo^N4J`W+QTifNp · z2LE»>W<Q!NPOÆdkNPORNPWfo^NliKSFaKaKNPWfL
ifNPW+QR2V
VXO2[+VXORNlZKO!SFWfoîfN^L2o^VX[vaKN^QNd½VXO
QTifNLTSF[\NNPW<QTORqvJ`WÚQTifN/p · z"¿S<WfHBJ]L2HKN^L!QO!Yfo^Q!JM}FNdkVXO2aKORN^HKJMo^Q!JMVXW
J d3QTifNo^VX[va³N^Q!J`WfmZKO!SFWfoîfN^LSFORNbMJ`ºcN^bMq_Q!V+iKSP}<NVXaKa³VFL!JMQ!NVXYfQ!o^VX[+N^L02O!S<Wfo£itÕ3JMb]QNPORJ`Wfm¶`.YfL!N^LS
[+Nô£iKS<WfJ]L[ÈQ!VHKqKWKSF[+JMoPScbMbMqBJMHKNPWFQJ dkqL!QTORVXWfm<b]qZfJySUL!N^H_ZKO!SFWfoîfN^LSFWfHBaKORN^HKJMo^Q4QTifN^L!NlYfL!J`WfmSL!J`[
afb]NvÓSUL!QRÛz2J`[+N+aKORN^HKJMo^Q!VXO^4z4ifNQRËVU>b]N^}<N^b0aKORN^HKJMo^Q!VfO4JMLVXWfbMqYfL!N^HÚd½VXOQTifNbMN^L!LZfJ`ScL!N^H§ZKO!S<Wfo£ifN^LP
ORN^H)Yfo^J`Wfm_QTifN+J`WFQNPOÆd½NPO¶NPWfo^NZKN^QR2N^NPWZKO!SFWfoîfN^LlJyW{QTifNvp · z2Lz4ifN+GmfORN^NvaKORN^HKJMo^Q!VXO `0[vSFºcN^L
S_aKORN^bMJ`[+J`WKSFORqaKORN^HKJMo^Q!JMVXWÑdkVXO"NPSco£i¾ZKO!SFWfoîÑQTifNvg O¶L!QQ!J`[+NQTifNBZKO!SFWfoî§JML+L!N^NPW*uKYKZfL!N^jKYfNPWFQ!bMq
QTifNQR2Vc>bMN^}FN^b*aKORN^HKJMo^Q!VXO2JMLYfL!N^HQ!VvaKORN^HKJMo^Q4ifN^QifNPO@QV\SUmXORN^N4VXO
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äèNumber of Times
Branch Executed
1,000,000+
80%
100,000-999,999
60% 10,000-99,999
1,000-9,999
40% 100-999
10-99
20% 1-9
Ú Û Ü Û Ý æ Þ ß ç
0%
d7:9<;>= 1â:Ç<¡ þ 1 7:9<³q¨ 1¢Ù 7S§)¨=&7 5 ;z¨7:¤<´¤q¦§)¨)-¢¨7S® 5 = -z´®#³ 1 § 5.6x1 Ø 1 ®i;z¨7:¤<´x¦= 1µå ; 1 ´>® 6
Ø
100%
äNever Taken
Taken Rate
80%
é0-5 %
ê5-50 %
60%
ê50-95 %
40%
ë95-100 %
Always Taken
20%
0%
8729;= 1ââ¡ þ 1 7:9<³q¨ 1µ@ 7¯§(¨=&7 5 ;¨72¤´ì¤q¦E§(¨)-¢¨7¯® 5 = -z´®³ 1 § 5*6 ¨)-qÉ 1 ´í=-¢¨ 1
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d½VfO@QifN}cScL!Q4[vScòRVXORJMQRq+Vcd0ScbMbZKO!SFWfoîfN^L
QTiKScQvSFORNN^ÌXNôPYfQN^Hw3}FNPW¾J`W¾QTifNBm<V S<WfHmFoô_ZKNPWfoîK[vSFO!º<LP
ifJMo£i-iKS}FNÂS{b`SFORm<NPOvWXYK[+Z³NPO+Vcd
L!QTScQ!JMovZKO!SFWfoîfN^LPZKO!SFWfoîfN^LN^ÌfNôPYfQ!N^HÈ#Q!J`[+N^LVXOÁdkN^ËNPOlSUoô^VXYKWFQdkVXObMN^L!LQTiKSFW{VXWfNa³NPORo^NPWFQVcd
QTifNZKO!SFWfoîfN^L+J`W§QTifNHKqKWKSF[+JMoJ`WfL!QO!Yfo^Q!JMVXW¾L!QTO¶NPSF[BBÎlW§QifNvVFQTifNPO"L!JMHKNBVcd4QTifNvLTa³Nô^QTO!YK[B3QifN
}FVXORQ!N^ÌBZKNPWfoîK[vSFOº_iKScLVXWfNLJyWfm<b]NvZKO!S<Wfo£iÚifJMo£iScoô^VXYKW<Q!LÁd½VfOE <Ù VcdËScbMb3ZKO!SFWfoîfN^LN^ÌfNôPYfQ!N^H
n YfNvQ!VBQTifNaKO¶N^HKVX[+J`WKSFWfo^NBVcd
deORN^jKYfNPW<Q!bMq§N^ÌXNôPYfQN^HÉZKO!S<Wfo£ifN^LJyWÑQTifNvJ`WfL!QO!Yfo^Q!JMVXWÑL!QTORNPSF[ÚJMQJML
}FNPORqJy[taKVXORQSFWFQ2Q!VaKORN^HKJMo^QQTifNd>ORN^jKYfNPWFQlZKO!SFWfoîfN^L42N^bMbk
Õ3J]mfYKORN)LTifVc4L@QTifNlHKJML!QORJ`ZKYfQ!JMVXWVcdEQTifNQTSFºUNPWO!SUQ!N^L2VcdL!QTScQ!JMolZKO!SFWfoîfN^L44JMQTitNPScoîBZKO!SFWfoî
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QTiKScQvZKO!SFWfoî§4ScL+QTS<ºcNPW§H)YKO¶JyWfmÑQTifNBo^VX[vafbMN^Q!N_O!YKW¾VUdQTifNBaKORVFmXO!S<[B $ Ù Vcd/SUb]b4ZKO!S<Wfo£ifN^LvJ`W
QTifNvHKqKWKSF[+JMovJ`WfL!QTO!Yfo^QJ]VfW§L!QORNPSF[ë2NPORNvJ`WfL!QTS<Wfo^N^LVUdËL!QTSUQ!JMoZKO!SFWfoîfN^LQTiKSUQlËNPO¶NvN^JMQTifNPOScbM4SqXL
QTSFºcNPWVXOÁWfN^}FNPO4QSFºcNPW*@z4ifN^LNLTifVXYfbMH§ZKNNPScL!qBQ!VaKORN^HKJMo^QP2G/WfV<QTifNPO8 FÙ Vcd0QifNZKO!SFWfoîfN^LËNPO¶N
b]N^LLQTiKS<W
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Ù QTSFºUNPW*@
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QTifN^L!NlZKO!SFWfoîfN^LPKLVQTifNz22VcÛ
JMQ s VXYKW<Q!NPO
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Ý WfVÀÁJyWfmQTifN+aKORN^HKVX[+J`WKSFW<Q4HKJÒRNô^Q!JMVXWSFWfH{QTSFºcNPWBO!SUQ!NVUd'SZKO!SFWfoîBScQ4o^VX[tafJ]bMN+Q!J`[+NloPSFW{ZKN
YfL!NdeYfb³d½VfO@aKORN^HKJMo^Q!JMVXW*2z4iKORN^NlaKORN^HKJMo^Q!VXORL2J`WaKSFORQ!JMoPYfb`SFO
oPSFW+QTS<ºcNScHK}cSFWFQScmFN4VcdQTifJML2J`W<d½VfO![vScQ!JMVXW*
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<
äNever Taken
é0-5%
ê5-50% î<0.5%
ê50-95% î<5%
ë95-100% ï>5%
Always taken
äNot Profiled
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
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QTSFºcNPWO!ScQ!N^Ld½VXYKWfH{4JMQTiQTifNlQ!N^LQ!J`WfmL!N^Q
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ORNPaKORN^L!NPW<Q!N^H_Z<qSvaKScJÒ
Vcd@ZKSFORLP3z4ifNPORNS<ORNQR2VbMN^mFNPWfHKLVXWtQTifNlQ!VXatVcdEQifNlmXO!SFaKi*3z4ifNlbMNdkQT[+VFL!Q
b]N^m<NPWfH_ORNd½NPO¶L4Q!V+QTifNb]NdkQT[+V<L!Q4ZKSFO
JyWÚNPScoîaKScJÒ^
z4ifNORJMmXi<QT[+VFL!Q
bMN^mFNPWfHORNdkNPORL2Q!V+QTifNORJMmXi<QT[+V<L!Q
ZKSFOlJ`W¾NPScoî¸aKSUJyOÇz4ifNbMNd½Q[+VFL!Q+ZKSFORL+o^VXO!ORN^LaKVXWfH¾Q!V_QifNQTS<ºcNPW§O!ScQN^LVUdÁZKOSFWfo£ifN^LvYfL!J`Wfm§QifN
Q!N^L!Q!J`Wfm¾L!N^QPâz4ifN^L!N§ZKSFORLS<ORN_JMHKNPW<Q!JMoPScblQ!V§QTifV<L!NBJ`WÕ3JMmXYKO¶N±)1z4ifNORJMmXi<QT[+VFL!QZKSFOZKO¶NPSFºFL
HKVÀWNPScoîVcd4QTifNoPScQ!N^mFVXO¶J]N^L"deO¶VX[×QTifNtb]NdkQT[+V<L!QZKSFO"LTifVc4J`Wfm_ifN^QifNPOQifNÂZKO!S<Wfo£ifN^LJyWÑQTiKScQ
oPScQ!N^mFVXO¶qBËNPO¶N\SUb]LV_ORNPaKORN^L!NPW<Q!N^H§J`WQTifNvaKORVUg)b]J`WfmL!N^QPS<WfH§JhdËQTifN^q2NPORNFifVcÒ[+Yfo£i{QTifN+QTSFºUNPW

0.50
0.40
öBTFN
Misprediction Rate
taken
õ 0.30 last
Ýprofile
0.20 2bc
0.10
0.00
1 4 16ó 64 256
ê 1K 4K
ô
87:9<;>= 1â:÷¡ ù
®®i;>=-q® 6 ¤I¦ 5 q- §7S® 5 = -z´>®³ ¬ = 1¢ 7S®&¨)¤=&§
Predictor Size (bytes)
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O!ScQ!NlVcd@QifNZKO!SFWfoîfN^LORNPaKORN^LNPWFQ!N^H{o£iKS<WfmFN^Hz4ifNvZfb`Sco^ºBORN^mFJMVXWfLORNPaKO¶N^L!NPWFQlZKO!SFWfoîfN^LlQTiKScQÁËNPO¶N
WfVFQ4J`Wfo^b`YfHKN^H§J`WBQTifN+aKORVcg)bMNO!YKW*2z4ifNo^VXWfo^b`YfL!JMVXWÚdeORVf[ÈQTifJML4N^ÌKaKNPORJ`[+NPW<QlJMLQTiKSUQZKO!SFWfoîfN^L4QTiKScQ
ËNPO¶NScbM4SqXLVXOWfN^}FNPOQTSFºcNPWÚJ`W_VfWfNJ`WKaKYfQL!N^Q/S<ORNbMJ`ºcN^bMq§Q!VO¶NP[vScJ`WQTiKScQÁSqBifNPW{QTifN+J`WKaKYfQ
L!N^Q4oîKSFWfmFN^LP@zÁifNlb]N^LL/ZfJ`ScL!N^HSvZKO!SFWfoîJMLPQTifN[+VXORNlbMJ`ºcN^bMq_JMQ!LÁQTSFºcNPWBO!SUQ!NJMLQ!VvoîKSFWfmFNF
D 14(*!9 µ.

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WfVifJML!Q!VXO¶qFEVfOVXWfbMq¸SBL!J`WfmFbMNBbMN^}FN^b
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0.10
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PAs/Gshare
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ø
öùÓú `û

0.30 0.25

Last Time

0.25 0.20 Gshare (16 KB)

Misprediction Rate
PAs (16 KB)

Frequency 0.20 Gshare Interference
0.15

0.15
0.10
0.10
0.05 0.05
0.00 ý þ ý þ ý þ 0.00 ý þ ý þ ý þ
0 5 10 15 20 25 ü
>29 0 5 10 15 20 25 ü
>29
Number of Times ÿ Outcome Repeated Number of Times ÿ Outcome Repeated

8729;= 1tð<:Ç¡ ø ³z-q=-q®¨ 1 =&7S§)¨7S®#§}¤q¦8¨=-z´§7 1 Í¨ 5 27 -q§ 1¢@¬ -¢¨)¨ 1 =´>§

Frequency of transient biased patterns Accuracy of transient
biased patterns
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i
0.30 0.25

Last Time

0.25 0.20 Gshare (16 KB)

Misprediction Rate
PAs (16 KB)

Frequency 0.20 Gshare Interference
0.15

0.15
0.10
0.10
0.05 0.05
0.00 ý þ ý þ ý þ 0.00 ý þ ý þ ý þ
0 5 10 15 20 25 ü
>29 0 5 10 15 20 25 ü
>29
Number of Times ÿ Outcome Repeated Number of Times ÿ Outcome Repeated
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biased patterns
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´ ifNPWÑN^ÌKSF[+J`WfJ`Wfm§QTifNo£iKSFOSco^Q!NPORJML!Q!JMo^L+Vcd4QTifNBORNPaKNPSUQ!J`Wfm aKSUQ!Q!NPO!WfLPVXWfNQRq¿a³NvVcdmfO!SFaKi4JMbMb
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Q!VXaORVcLTifVc4L2ScbMb.aKSUQ!Q!NPO!WfL24JMQTiS+aKNPORJMVfH_VcdE[+VXO¶NQTiKS<W* ¿S<WfHQTifNlORJMmXi<QT[+VFLQ@o^VFb`YK[vWLTifVc4L
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Õ3J]mfYKORNKº+LTifVc4L4QTifN"deO¶N^j¿YfNPWfo^q{Vcd'O¶NPaKNPScQ!J`Wfm_aKScQQ!NPO!WfLP2z4ifNH)S<O!ºcNPO4SFO¶NPScL4LTifVcIQTifN[+V<L!Q
deORN^jKYfNPW<Q0aKScQQ!NPO!WfLPifNPORNPScLQTifN
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GL+SFW{N^Ì¿SF[tafb]NVcd4ifVÀðQ!V_ORNPScHÑQTifNvmXO!S<aKi*QTifN+L!jKYKSFORNO¶NPaKORN^L!NPW<Q!J`WfmQO!SFWfL!JMNPW<QaKScQ!Q!NPO!WfL r bMNd½Q
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$ VXWÑq<ÛScÌXJMLTxJML
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i
>30 >30
30 30

> 1.000% > 1.000%

0.464-1.000% 0.464-1.000%

20 0.215-0.464% 20 0.215-0.464%

0.100-0.215% 0.100-0.215%

Period
Period
0.046-0.100% 0.046-0.100%

0.022-0.046% 0.022-0.046%

0.010-0.022% 0.010-0.022%

0.005-0.010% 0.005-0.010%
10 10
0.002-0.005% 0.002-0.005%

< 0.002% < 0.002%
0 0

0 5 10
>14 0 5 10
>14
Number of Times Pattern Repeated Number of Times Pattern Repeated
8729;= 1|ð:ð¡ 0= 1¢å ; 1 ´® 6 ¤q¦E= 1¢¬01 -¢¨7ñ´z9 ¬ -¢¨)¨ 1 =´>§
Frequency,
transient Frequency,
stable
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Q!VFmFN^QTifNPO
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Ø)+Q!J`[+N^LP@z4ifJMLJMLQTifNZfb`Sco^ºL!jKYKSFORNlJ`WBQifNlQ!VXaBORJMmXi<Q4Vcd3QTifNlmXO!S<aKifLP
zVvLJy[tafb]JhdkqQTifNlHKJML!oPYfL!L!JMVXW{Vcd3QTifNORNPa³NPScQ!J`Wfm_aKScQ!Q!NPOWfLPfËNlHKNg WfN+QR2VvORN^mFJMVXWfLP@ÎlWfN+ORN^mFJMVXW
o^VÀ}<NPORLScbMb3Vcd4QTifNvaKScQ!Q!NPOWfLlQTiKScQiKS}FNORNPa³NPScQ!N^H¸[\VXORN+QTiKSFWØ(BQ!J`[+N^LVXOliKS}FNvSBa³NPORJMVXH¾bMVXWfmFNPO
QTiKSFW± lz4ifJMLORN^mFJMVXW{JMLlHKN^b]J`WfNPScQN^H¸J`W{Õ3JMmXYKORNKSFWfHo^VXWfL!JML!Q!LlVUd@QTifNQ!VfaO¶VÀISFWfHQTifNvORJMmXiFQ
o^VFb`YK[vW*zÁifNÂORN^m<J]VfW4JMbMbZKNBORNdkNPO!ORN^H¾Q!VScLQTifN Î
. Ï)Ñ`s zÎMÍiÌszÏ)ÌORN^mFJMVXW*3ScLQTifN^L!NBaKScQ!Q!NPO!WfL

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ZKVFQ!QVX[ëbMNd½Q+Vcd4Õ3JMmXYKORN*³KzÁifJ]L+JMLvZKNôPSFYfLNÂS{WXYK[+ZKNPOVcd4aKScQ!Q!NPOWfLORNPa³NPScQ+VXWfbMq SÂd½N^ðQ!J`[+N^L
ZKNdkVXORNloîKSFWfmFJ`WfmaKNPO¶J]VfHBVXO
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b]J`ºcN^bMqBQ!VvScoô^JMHKNPW<QTScbMbMqORNPa³NPScQ2QTiKSFWbMVXWfmFNPOÁaKScQ!Q!NPO!WfLEÕVXO
J`WfL!QTSFWfo^NF)StaKScQ!Q!NPO!WtVcd. JIz JIz [I{o^VXYfbMH
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WÑ Ï)Ñ&s zÎMÍiÌszÏ)ÌvORN^m<J]VfW*ScLJMQoPSFWWfVFQo^VfW<g)HKNPWFQ!bMq§ZKNtLTScJMH§QTiKScQQTifN^L!NvaKScQQ!NPO!WfL4JMb]b
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}
Q!V_ORNPaKNPSUQPÕ)VXOlaKYKO!a³VFL!N^L+Vcd2QTifJMLHKJML!LNPORQTScQ!JMVXW*QTifNtQTORJ`SFWfmXYfb`SFOORN^mFJMVXWJML+o£ifV<L!NPWQ!V{L!QTSFORQ4JMQTi
aKScQ!Q!NPO!WfL3ORNPa³NPScQ!N^H+VXWfo^N4iKS}XJ`WfmlaKNPORJMVfH_ØFØFcSFWfH+NPWfHKJ`Wfm4JMQTi+aKScQ!QNPO!WfL0O¶NPaKNPScQ!N^HBØ Q!J`[+N^L3iKS}XJ`Wfm
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#
¾ R&T¿&YPWPWTe[WNTeN`kFPSR 3zY^<VWR`fF^WTeNYF^PSRc^Vbf\cN`VecaTb^4VMfF^WTe"zcPSR"PSR&T[MTbk\cfgN+pOf\[zRcVWRPSR`T¿[MfgU&YgUccP¯f\p

$ yn
i$
>30 >30
30 30

> 99.00% > 99.00%
& &
98.00-99.00% 98.00-99.00%
& &
97.00-98.00% 97.00-98.00%
20 & 20 &
96.00-97.00% 96.00-97.00%
& &
95.00-96.00% 95.00-96.00%
Period
Period
& &
94.00-95.00% 94.00-95.00%
& &
93.00-94.00% 93.00-94.00%
& &
92.00-93.00% 92.00-93.00%
& &
10 91.00-92.00% 10 91.00-92.00%
' '
Few Branches Few Branches

< 91.00% < 91.00%
0 0

0 5 10
>14 0 5 10
>14
8729;= 1|ð:÷¡ "= 1¢ 7S®&¨72¤´-q®®i;>=-q® 6 ¤q¦E= 1¢¬01 -¢¨7ñ´z9 ¬ -¢¨)¨ 1 =´>§
Accuracy,% transient Accuracy,
stable
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SFWfHQTifN_[+VXO¶NBQ!J`[+N^LQifN_aKScQ!Q!NPO!W¾iKScLO¶NPaKNPScQ!N^H2QifN_ifJ]mfifNPOvQTifNScoôPYKO!Sco^qF-p3ScQ!Q!NPO!WfL+J`WQifN
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ScoôPYKO!Sco^qF3z4ifN4ZKO!SFWfoîfN^L3J`WQTifN2b]Vc¾o^VXW<g)HKNPWfo^NORN^m<J]VfWS<ORN2mFNPWfNPO!ScbMbMq+b]N^LL3QTiKSFW"³Ø Ù aKO¶N^HKJ]o^QSFZfbMNF
ufQTSFZfbMNORNPa³NPScQ!J`WfmBaKScQ!Q!NPO!WfL4SFO¶NScbMSqfL[+VXO¶N/aKORN^HKJMo^QTS<Zfb]N+QTiKS<WQTO!SFWfL!JMNPW<QORNPa³NPScQ!J`WfmÂaKSUQ!Q!NPO!WfLP
z4ifN4SP}<NPO!ScmFN2ORN^LTYfbMQ!L3mFJM}FNPW+SFZ³VÀ}<NËaKORVc}fJ]HKNS4mFNPWfNPOScbX}fJMN^Vcd)QifNËoîKSFO!SUo^Q!NPORJML!Q!JMo^L3Vcd ORNPa³NPScQ!J`Wfm
aKScQ!Q!NPO!WfLufQTSFZfbMNaKSUQ!Q!NPO!WfLlSFORN+[+VXORN+aKORN^HKJMo^QTSFZfbMNQiKSFWBQTOSFWfL!JMNPWFQlaKScQ!QNPO!WfLPSFWfH{b]VfWfm_aKScQ!Q!NPO!WfL
SFORN[\VXORNaKO¶N^HKJ]o^QSFZfbMNvQTiKSFWÚLTifVXORQlaKScQ!Q!NPOWfLP · Vc2N^}FNPO^QTifNPORNJMLlLTYKZfL!QTSFW<Q!J`Scb}cSFORJ`ScQ!JMVXWZ³N^QÛ2N^NPW
QTifNHKJhÅNPORNPW<Q4o^b`ScL!L!N^L@zES<Zfb]NK+LTifVc4L
QTifNdeO¶N^j¿YfNPWfo^q_SFWfHBScoôPYKO!SUo^qVcdNPSco£io^b`ScLL4Vcd0ORNPa³NPScQ!J`Wfm
aKScQ!Q!NPO!WfLÕ YKO¶QTifNPO![+VXO¶NFcQTifN2QTSFZfbMN4LTifVc4L3iKSUQd>O!Sco^Q!JMVXW\Vcd)QTifNaKScQQ!NPO!WfLJyWtNPScoîo^bySUL!LËSFO¶NËJ`W+QifN
b]VcÈSFWfH¸ifJMmXiÑo^VXW<g)HKNPWfo^N_ORN^mFJMVXWfLP3SFWfHÑQTifNÂS}FNPOScmFNvaKORN^HKJMo^Q!JMVXW¾ScoôPYKO!Sco^JMN^L+Vcd4QTifN^L!NBaKScQ!Q!NPOWfLP
pNPO!iKSFafLQifN[vScJ`WÑo^VXWfo^b`YfL!JMVXW¾QTiKScQloPSFW¾ZKNH)O!SWÚd>ORVX[×QifJ]LQTSFZfbMNJ]L+QTiKSUQd½VXOÛ>QÛqKaKNaKScQ!Q!NPO!WfL
SFORNo^VfWfL!JML!Q!NPW<Q!bMq[+VXO¶NaKORN^HKJMo^QTSFZfbMNvQTiKSFW{VFQifNPO4aKScQ!Q!NPOWfLP)ÁJ]Qi_ifJ]bMN>QRqKaKNaKScQQ!NPO!WfL4o^VX[\JyWfmBJ`W
L!Nô^VXWfH@z4ifNlifJMmXio^VXW<g)HKNPWfo^N+ORN^mFJMVXWJML2}FNPORqaKORN^HKJMo^QTS<Zfb]N"d½VfOËSUb]b*o^b`ScL!LN^LP)SFWfHBScoô^VXYKW<Q!L
d½VfO.# Ù
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o^VXYKWFQNPORN^H_o^b`ScL!LN^L d½VfOÆ>QRq¿a³NF)ifJMbMN>QRq¿a³NFSFWfH_ScbMQ!NPO!WKSUQ!J`WfmÂORNPa³NPScQ!J`WfmBaKScQ!Q!NPO!WfL 1SFORNN^ÌKSF[+J`WfN^H
( )(
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QTifNPW*
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® / -q§§
2 43
ø³-q=-q®&¨ 1 =&7¯§(¨7¯®§¤I¦Q<¤=ª!ú 6 ¬01 -¢¨)¨ 1 =´>§

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o^bySUL!LP@z4ifNPO¶N/SFO¶N4L!JMÌvL!N^Q!L
Vcd0mfO!SFaKifL4LTifVc4J`WfmvQifNoîKSFO!Sco^Q!NPO¶J]LQ!JMo^L4Vcdd½VXOÛ>QÛqKaKNaKSUQ!Q!NPO!WfLP
w@ScoîL!N^Q4o^VXW<QTScJ`WfLVXWfNlmXO!S<aKitd½VXO
QTO!SFWfL!JMNPW<QaKScQ!Q!NPOWfL/SFWfHVXWfNdkVXOL!QTS<Zfb]NvaKScQQ!NPO!WfLPzÁifN^L!N+4JMb]b2ZKNvN^ÌKafb`ScJ`WfN^H¸J`WQYKO!W*z4ifNg ORL!Q
QÛ2VL!N^Q!L
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Q!VÕ3J]mfYKORN³SFWfHKK§zO!SFWfLJ]NPW<Qd½VfOÆ>QRq¿a³NÂaKScQQ!NPO!WfLScoô^VfYKWFQdkVXOK Ù Vcd/ScbMbZKO!S<Wfo£ifN^LS<WfH
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SFWfHí Ù VcdQTifNLQTSFZfbMN_aKScQ!Q!NPOWfLiKS}FNBSa³NPORJMVXHbMVXWfm<NPO+QTiKSFWo S<WfHiKSP}<NORNPaKNPSUQ!N^HVc}FNPOvØ)
Q!J`[+N^L r QTifNvQ!Vfa¸ORJMmXi<Qa³VFJ`WFQx^zÁifJ]L+JML+L!bMJMmXiFQb]q[+VXO¶NQTiKS<W{d½VfOlQTifNVFQTifNPO"o^bySUL!L!N^LvVcdORNPa³NPScQ!J`Wfm
aKScQ!Q!NPO!WfLEz4ifN2NPW<Q!JÒRN4ifJ]mfio^VfW<g)HKNPWfo^NORN^mFJMVXWJML@ScbML!Vlb`SFORmFNPOÇ##$ Ù Vcd)QTO!SFWfLJ]NPW<Q3SFWfH#$ Ù Vcd)L!QTSFZfbMN
aKScQ!Q!NPO!WfLFQTiKSFWd½VXO'QTifNVFQTifNPO3o^b`ScLL!N^LP3Õ*YKORQTifNPO![+VfORNFFQTifNbMVco^VXW<g)HKNPWfo^NORN^m<J]VfWvJML2LT[vScbMbMNPO^*Ø) Ù
Vcd0QO!SFWfL!JMNPW<Q/SFWfH¾Ø Ù Vcd@L!QTSFZfbMN+aKScQ!Q!NPO!WfL4z4ifNldkVXOÆ>QRqKaKNaKSUQ!Q!NPO!WfL4J`W{QTifNb]VcIo^VXW<g)HKNPWfo^NvORN^mFJMVXW
SFORNlScbML!VvL!bMJMmXi<Q!bMq_[+VXORNaKORN^HKJMo^QTS<Zfb]N+QTiKS<W+dkVXO2VFQifNPO@o^b`ScLL!N^L/SULËLifVÀWJyW{zES<Zfb]N"³)Õ3J`WKScbMb]qF*QifN
deO!SUo^Q!JMVXW§VUddkVXOÆ>QRqKaKNBaKScQ!Q!NPO!WfL+QTiKSUQ\S<ORNLQTSFZfbMNBJML# Ù 3ScLvo^VX[vaKS<ORN^H¸QV Ù VXWS}FNPO!ScmFN\d½VXO
VFQTifNPOlORNPa³NPScQ!J`WfmaKScQQ!NPO!WfLP+z4ifJMLJ`WfHKJMoPScQ!N^L+QTiKScQdkVXOÆ>QRqKaKNvaKScQ!QNPO!WfLSFORNv[+VXO¶NLQTSFZfbMNSFWfH§[+VXO¶N

aKORN^HKJMo^QTSFZfbMN+QTiKSFWVFQTifNPOÁORNPaKNPScQJyWfmaKScQ!Q!NPO!WfL
>30 >30
30 30

> 1.000% > 1.000%

0.464-1.000% 0.464-1.000%

20 0.215-0.464% 20 0.215-0.464%

0.100-0.215% 0.100-0.215%

Period
Period
0.046-0.100% 0.046-0.100%

0.022-0.046% 0.022-0.046%

0.010-0.022% 0.010-0.022%

0.005-0.010% 0.005-0.010%
10 10
0.002-0.005% 0.002-0.005%

< 0.002% < 0.002%
0 0

0 5 10
>14 0 5 10
>14
Frequency,
stable
>30 >30
30 30

> 99.00% > 99.00%
& &
98.00-99.00% 98.00-99.00%
& &
97.00-98.00% 97.00-98.00%
20 & 20 &
96.00-97.00% 96.00-97.00%
& &
95.00-96.00% 95.00-96.00%
Period
Period
& &
94.00-95.00% 94.00-95.00%
& &
93.00-94.00% 93.00-94.00%
& &
92.00-93.00% 92.00-93.00%
& &
10 91.00-92.00% 10 91.00-92.00%

< 91.00% < 91.00%
0 0

0 5 10
>14 0 5 10
>14
stable
>30 >30
30 30
20 20
7 7
Gshare Gshare
Period
Period
PAs PAs
8 8
Loop Loop
10 10
0 0

0 5 10 >14 0 5 10 >14
8729;= 1¶ð z¡ = 1¢å ; 1 ´® 6 z-q®#®i;=-q® 6 0-z´ 1501 §)¨ ¬ = 1¢ 7S®&¨)¤= <¤=ªb¨ 6¬01¶¬ -¢¨)¨ 1 =´§
Best predictor,
5 6 transient Best predictor,
stable
.- ' '
³Ø
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QTifNd½VfOÆ>QRq¿a³NÂaKScQQ!NPO!WfLPâØ Ý äpGLSFWfHÔlLiKSFORNBaKORN^HKJMo^Q!VXORLBSFORNo^VX[vaKSFO¶N^HScmXScJ`WfL!QSt Ý
b]VfVXaaKORN^HKJMo^Q!VfO^z4ifNBbMVfVXaaKORN^HKJMo^Q!VfO _[+NPORN^bMqaKORN^HKJMo^Q!LQTiKScQ+QTifN_aKScQQ!NPO!WÑ4JMb]bo^VXW<Q!J`WXYfNF4S<WfH
9
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JMLZKN^Q!QNPO^Õ)VXO'L!QTSFZfbMNlaKScQ!Q!NPO!WfLXQifN
b]VfVXaaKORN^HKJMo^Q!VXO"JMLZKN^Q!Q!NPOÁdkVXOScbMb@ZKYfQlVXWfN+H)ScQTSBa³VFJ`WFQPaKSUQ!Q!NPO!WfLl4JMQTiSBa³NPORJMVXH§VUd@QTiKORN^NviKS}XJ`Wfm
ORNPaKNPScQN^H_VXWfo^NF24V<Q!NScbML!VtQTiKScQ2dkVXO2QTifNLTifVXORQN^L!Q4QTO!S<WfL!JMNPWFQaKSUQ!Q!NPO!WfLPÔlLTiKSFO¶NlJ]LlZKN^LQP WfV<QpGLP
z4ifJMLJML+ZKNôPSFYfL!NtdkVXOlQTifJML+QRq¿a³NvVcdaKScQ!QNPO!WfLPQifNvbMVXVXa¾aKORN^HKJMo^Q!VXO"JMLm<NPWfNPO!ScbMbMq¸ZKN^Q!QNPOQiKSFW§pGL
r QTifNlScHKHKJMQ!JMVXWKScbScH)SFafQ!JM}fJMQÛqQTiKScQ2pGL4aKORVc}fJ]HKN^LÁHKVXN^L4WfVFQ4ifN^bàKx^KL!V+Jhd0Ô"LTiKSFORNJMLZ³N^Q!Q!NPO2QiKSFWvQifN
b]VfVXa§aKO¶N^HKJ]o^QVXO^JMQlJMLSUb]LV_ZKN^Q!Q!NPO"QTiKSFWpGL · VcËN^}<NPO^*QTifJMLHKVfN^LWfVFQlLTifVcÐQTifNv[vScmfWfJ]QYfHKNvVcd
QTifNlHKJhÅ.NPO¶NPWfo^NZKN^QR2N^NPWBQifNlb]VfVXa{aKORN^HKJMo^Q!VXOSFWfH_ÔlLTiKS<ORNlVXO2pGLP
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Jy[taKORVc}FNP[+NPW<Q@JML2LTYKZfL!QTSFW<Q!J`Scb³d½VXO3SUby[\VFL!QËSUb]b*VcdQTifNÁL!QTSFZfbMNlaKScQ!Q!NPO!WfL0zÁifN4J`WFQ!NPOÛd½NPORNPWfo^NloPS<YfL!N^HÂZ<q
QTifN^L!NZKOSFWfo£ifN^LJ`W{QTifNÔ"LTiKSFORN+aKORN^HKJMo^Q!VXOJMLLifVÀWBJ`W{QTifN[+JMHKHKbMNvL!N^QVcd3mXO!SFaKifLJ`W{Õ3J]mfYKORNKº$K
z4ifN_ZKO!SFWfoîfN^LÁJ]Qi¾LTifVXORQ!NPO+a³NPORJMVXHKLBoPSFYfLN_[+VXORNBJ`W<Q!NPOÆdkNPORNPWfo^NF4SFWfHQTifNPORNBJMLbMJ]QQ!bMN_HKJhÅNPORNPWfo^N
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: ¾ R&T0cX4¿TbX3TMNPWYFPScf\N f\pqPSR`T0f)f\¿¿[MTba(cVPWf\[.zciU#TkgcjFTeN"cN"À)TbVbPScfgNÄ)rÄ)r

>30 >30
30 30
> 1.60% > 1.60%

1.40-1.60% 1.40-1.60%
1.20-1.40% 1.20-1.40%
20 20
1.00-1.20% 1.00-1.20%

0.80-1.00% 0.80-1.00%
Period
Period

0.60-0.80% 0.60-0.80%

0.40-0.60% 0.40-0.60%

0.20-0.40% 0.20-0.40%

10 0.00-0.20% 10 0.00-0.20%
< 0.00% < 0.00%
0 0

0 5 10 >14 0 5 10 >14
Improvement over gshare, transient Improvement over
; gshare, stable
>30 >30
30 30
> 1.60% > 1.60%

1.40-1.60% 1.40-1.60%
1.20-1.40% 1.20-1.40%
20 20
1.00-1.20% 1.00-1.20%

0.80-1.00% 0.80-1.00%
Period
Period

0.60-0.80% 0.60-0.80%

0.40-0.60% 0.40-0.60%

0.20-0.40% 0.20-0.40%

10 0.00-0.20% 10 0.00-0.20%
' '
< 0.00% < 0.00%
0
0
0 5 10 >14 0 5 10 >14
Interference in < gshare, transient Interference in gshare, stable
>30 >30
30 30

> 1.60% > 1.60%
1.40-1.60% 1.40-1.60%
1.20-1.40% 1.20-1.40%
20 20
1.00-1.20% 1.00-1.20%

0.80-1.00% 0.80-1.00%
Period
Period

0.60-0.80% 0.60-0.80%

0.40-0.60% 0.40-0.60%

0.20-0.40% 0.20-0.40%

10 0.00-0.20% 10 0.00-0.20%
' '

< 0.00% < 0.00%
0 0

0 5 10
>14 0 5 10
>14
Improvement over
= PAs, transient Improvement 6 over
; PAs, stable
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§&³z-q= 1 7ñ£ ¬ =¤ «1 £ 1 ´q¨
2G '
¤ «1 =2ù
§ ¤z=ª¨ 6¬01¬ -¢¨)¨ 1 =´>§

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w3Ìfo^NPafQ+d½VfO+QTifNBJ`WfoPORNPScL!N^HâQ!NPWfHKNPWfo^qVUd/ifJMbMN>QRq¿a³N§aKScQ!Q!NPO!WfLtQ!V¸ZKN{LTifVXORQNPO^3QTifNScoôPYKO!Sco^q¾Vcd
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K R&Tb8Yg[MT4Yg^Wfd^ScX.cY\[ZPWf4p:f\[Wû¯P¯F¿#T¿`YFPWPWTM[WN&^bh&U_&PzTM[MT0cN&Ve_àTbazcPSR"PSR&T.zRcTMûSP¯F¿#T4¿`YFPWPWTe[WN`^0Y^PSRc^VeY^W^
c^^WX3¾ YgTe[gr
A@

>30 >30
30 30
> 1.000% > 1.000%

0.464-1.000% 0.464-1.000%

20 0.215-0.464% 20 0.215-0.464%

0.100-0.215% 0.100-0.215%

Period
Period
0.046-0.100% 0.046-0.100%

0.022-0.046% 0.022-0.046%

0.010-0.022% 0.010-0.022%

0.005-0.010% 0.005-0.010%
10 10
0.002-0.005% 0.002-0.005%
< 0.002% < 0.002%
0 0

0 5 10 >14 0 5 10 >14
Frequency,
stable
>30 >30
30 30
> 99.00% > 99.00%

& &
98.00-99.00% 98.00-99.00%
& &
97.00-98.00% 97.00-98.00%
20 & 20 &
96.00-97.00% 96.00-97.00%
& &
95.00-96.00% 95.00-96.00%
Period
Period
& &
94.00-95.00% 94.00-95.00%
& &
93.00-94.00% 93.00-94.00%
& &
92.00-93.00% 92.00-93.00%
& &
10 91.00-92.00% 10 91.00-92.00%
' '
< 91.00% < 91.00%
0
0
0 5 10 >14 0 5 10 >14
stable
>30 >30
30 30
20 20
7 7
Gshare Gshare
B B
Period
Period
PAs PAs
Loop Loop
10 10
0 0

0 5 10
>14 0 5 10
>14
Best predictor,
5 6 transient Best predictor,
stable
8729;= 1¶ð <¡ = 1¢å ; 1 ´® 6 4-q®#®i;=-q® 6 E-z´ Ð501 §)¨ ¬ = 1µ 7S®&¨)¤=
2Y ' ' þ ³>7 /21 ªb¨ 6¬01Ù¬ -¢¨)¨ 1 =´§
-z´ - / ¨ 1 =´z-¢¨7W´z9 ¬ -¢¨)¨ 1 =´§

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ScHKHKJMQ!JMVXW**QTifNQO!SFWfL!JMNPW<QaKScQ!Q!NPOWfL4JMQTi{SvaKNPO¶J]VfH§bMVXWfmFNPOÁQTiKSFW oPSFYfLNStb]V<QVcd3J`WFQNPOÆd½NPO¶NPWfo^NJ`W
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J]LÁLT[vScbMbMNPO^
GL4ÁJ]QidkVXOÆ>QRq¿a³NaKScQ!Q!NPOWfLPKp)GL4JMLlZKN^Q!Q!NPOËd½VXOLTifVXORQ4aKScQ!QNPO!WfLP

>30 >30
30 30
> 1.60% > 1.60%

1.40-1.60% 1.40-1.60%
1.20-1.40% 1.20-1.40%
20 20
1.00-1.20% 1.00-1.20%

0.80-1.00% 0.80-1.00%
Period
Period

0.60-0.80% 0.60-0.80%

0.40-0.60% 0.40-0.60%

0.20-0.40% 0.20-0.40%

10 0.00-0.20% 10 0.00-0.20%
< 0.00% < 0.00%
0 0

0 5 10 >14 0 5 10 >14
Improvement over gshare, transient Improvement over
; gshare, stable
>30 >30
30 30
> 1.60% > 1.60%

1.40-1.60% 1.40-1.60%
1.20-1.40% 1.20-1.40%
20 20
1.00-1.20% 1.00-1.20%

0.80-1.00% 0.80-1.00%
Period
Period

0.60-0.80% 0.60-0.80%

0.40-0.60% 0.40-0.60%

0.20-0.40% 0.20-0.40%

10 0.00-0.20% 10 0.00-0.20%
' '
< 0.00% < 0.00%
0
0
0 5 10 >14 0 5 10 >14
Interference in < gshare, transient Interference in gshare, stable
>30 >30
30 30

> 1.60% > 1.60%
1.40-1.60% 1.40-1.60%
1.20-1.40% 1.20-1.40%
20 20
1.00-1.20% 1.00-1.20%

0.80-1.00% 0.80-1.00%
Period
Period

0.60-0.80% 0.60-0.80%

0.40-0.60% 0.40-0.60%

0.20-0.40% 0.20-0.40%

10 0.00-0.20% 10 0.00-0.20%
' '

< 0.00% < 0.00%
0 0

0 5 10
>14 0 5 10
>14
Improvement over
= PAs, transient Improvement 6 over
; PAs, stable
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Pattern History Table (PHT)
Current Branch History
(From Branch History Table) Branch History
Pattern
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0.08
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