PY WIN IM 04 RaidAndControllers

PRIMERGY Windows
Install and Manage
RAID Basics and Controllers
Copyright FUJITSU TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS Nov 2009

RAID Levels
Raid and Controllers PY-WIN-IM 1 Copyright FUJITSU TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS Nov 2009
RAID level 0
“Striping”
2 (1) or more disks are coupled,
data is interleaved across the
disks
No capacity loss RAID 0 / Striping
40 GB 40 GB
All disks in the array are used
for user data, no “overhead” data1 data2
data3 data4
No fault tolerance
data5 data6
80 GB
RAID level 1
“Mirroring”
2 disks
The array is divided in
two halves, data stored on RAID 1 / Mirroring
one half are mirrored (copied) 40 GB 40 GB
onto the other half
data1 data1
50% of total capacity “lost” data2 data2
Two identical copies of the data data3 data3
provide fault tolerance but
during normal operation one
copy is just “overhead”
Fault tolerant
One disk per array may fail 40 GB
RAID level 1E
“Mirrored Stripe Set”
LSI Specific RAID Level
3 .. 6 disks
Two copies of the data are RAID 1E / Striping + Mirroring
maintained by a cyclic 40 GB 40 GB 40 GB
mirroring between the disks Data1 Data1
B.3 Data2
50 % of total capacity “lost” Data2 Data3
A.3 Data3
Data4 Data4
A.1 Data5
Fault tolerant
Data5 Data6 Data6
One disk per array may fail
60 GB
RAID level 5
“Striping with Parity”
3 disks minimum
Data and additionally generated
parity information are “striped”
(interleaved) across all disks RAID 5 / Striping + parity
One disk per array “lost” 40 GB 40 GB 40 GB
parity1+2 data1 data2
The parity information (ECC
to provide fault tolerance) data3 parity3+4 data4
as additional “overhead” data5 data6 parity5+6
consumes the equivalent of
one disk’s capacity
Fault tolerant
80 GB
RAID level 6
“Striping with 2 Parity drives”
4 disks minimum
Data and 2 additionally generated
parity information are “striped”
(interleaved) across all disks
Two disks per array “loss” RAID 6 / Striping+2 parity
40 GB 40 GB 40 GB 40 GB
The parity information (ECC D0 D1 Q0 P0
D2 Q1 P1 D3
to provide fault tolerance) Q2 P2 D4 D5
as additional “overhead” P3 D6 D7 Q3
etc … etc … etc … etc …
consumes the equivalent of
two disks capacity
Fault tolerant
Two disk per array may fail
Additional Level of Degradedness
80 GB
Partially-Degraded
Modular RAID 5/6 solution - RAID 6
RAID 6 is like a RAID 5 with a 2nd independent distributed
parity scheme
2 drives can fail without data loss
P and Q blocks are build based on Galois Field equations
Optimal
40 GB 40 GB 40 GB 40 GB
D0 D1 P0
All drives belonging to the VD are online D2
Q2
Q1
P2
Q0
P1 D3
D5
D4
P3 D6 D7 Q3
Virtual Disk is fully redundant etc … etc … etc … etc …
Partially-Degraded (RAID 6)
40 GB 40 GB 40 GB 40 GB
Virtual Disk can survive the loss of one drive D0

D2
Q2
D1
Q1
Q0
P1
P0
D3
P2 D4 D5
P3 D6 D7 Q3
Degraded etc … etc … etc … etc …
Virtual Disk cannot survive the loss of any

40 GB 40 GB 40 GB 40 GB
other drive D0
D2
D1
Q1
Q0
P1
P0
D3
Q2 P2 D4 D5
Virtual Disk is not redundant P3
etc …
D6
etc …
D7
etc …
Q3
etc …
Offline
40 GB 40 GB 40 GB 40 GB
Virtual Disk is not available D0
D2
D1
Q1
Q0
P1
P0
D3
Q2 P2 D4 D5
Disks may have lost data and array may be P3
etc …
D6
etc …
D7
etc …
Q3
etc …
inconsistent
Rebuild
Simultaneous loss of 2 HDDs in a RAID 6
2 rebuilds required (serialized rebuild for each replaced HDD)
Available hot spare HDDs will be used one after the other
• No simultaneous rebuild of 2 lost HDDs
Performance
RAID 6 is about 10% slower than RAID 5
RAID level 0/1
“Mirrored Stripe Sets”
Naming convention is
• adapter manufacturer specific RAID 0 / Striping
4 disks minimum 40 GB 40 GB
Two copies of the data are data1 data2
maintained (“mirroring”), data3 data4
data are “striped” (interleaved) data5 data6
across each copy
50% of total capacity “lost” Mirroring 80 GB
Two identical copies of the
data provide fault tolerance
but during normal operation 40 GB 40 GB
one copy is just “overhead” data1 data2
Fault tolerant data3 data4
data5 data6
RAID 0 / Striping
RAID level 10
"Spanning RAID 1"
4 disks minimum
Two copies of the data are
maintained (“mirroring”), RAID 1 / Mirroring
both copies’ data are spanned
between the two mirror sets 40 GB 40 GB
data1 data1
50% of total capacity “lost” 40 GB
data3 data3
Two identical copies of the data5 data5
data provide fault tolerance
but during normal operation Striping 80 GB
one copy is just “overhead”
Fault tolerant 40 GB 40 GB
1 disk may fail, with FW >=7 data2
data2 data2
data2
40 GB
2 disks (1 per mirror set) data4
data4 data4
data4
may fail data6
data6 data6
data6
RAID 1 / Mirroring
RAID level 50
“Spanning RAID 5”
Two or more equal sized
RAID 5 arrays as RAID 0 RAID 5 / Striping + parity
40 GB 40 GB 40 GB
6 disks minimum
Data and additionally generated data5 parity5+6 data6
parity information are “striped” data9 data10 parity9+10
(interleaved) across all disks
Better performance than a single
RAID 5
Striping
One disk per array “lost” 160 GB
Fault tolerant
40 GB 40 GB 40 GB
data7 parity7+8 data8
data11 data12 parity11+12
RAID 5 / Striping + parity
JBOD
Not a "real" RAID level - stands for “Just a Bunch Of Drives”
Consisting of a single disk drive
Some manufacturers call it a single drive RAID0 instead of a JBOD
No fault tolerance, no performance advantage
COD
Configuration on Disk
COD
The RAID adapter uses the COD (Configuration On Disk) to store RAID
specific configuration information (RAID / Controller configurations..)
directly on the physical disks inside the array(s)
e.g. RAID 1
COD COD
1x
60 GB 60 GB 60
GB
Operating
System
Helpful Hints
HDD LED’s (1)
HD dead
remove/change drive
HD rebuild
wait until rebuild is finished

HD normal access
DO NOT to remove/replace HD
For RAID testing purpose – offline drive first
HDD LED’s (2)
HD Rebuild
After HD replacement wait at least 2 minutes for the rebuild process to

start automatically.
If the rebuild still does not start, start a “manual rebuild” from WEB BIOS
or ServerView RAID.
SAS/SATA Comparison
Disk Interface Comparison
Spec.: Mixing of SAS and SATA Disks
Fujitsu: Mixing of SAS and SATA Disks
SATA SAS
ok SATA SAS
SATA SAS
not supported SATA SAS

SATA SAS
SAS SATA
mix on expander not possible
RAID 2,5 “ and 3,5 “
PRIMERGY 2.5” and 3.5” HDD
RX300 S5 6 x 3.5”
RX200 S5
6 x 2.5”
6x 2.5”
8 x 2.5”
9x 2.5”
TX120 2 x 2.5” + 2 x 2.5”
TX200S5 (2x) 8 x 2.5”
TX300S4
4 x 3.5”
+ 2 x 3.5”
(2x) 6 x 2.5” 6 x 3.5”
+ 8 x 2,5” +2 x 3.5”
SAS TX/RX and SAS SX
PRIMERGY RX or TX FibreCAT SX40
exchange between PRIMERGY and FibreCAT SX not

possible (different cases) and not supported.
SATA / SAS HDD 06/2009
Size Technology Rotation Capacity
73, 146, 300 &

3,5” SAS 15k
450 GB
2,5” SAS 15k 36 & 73 GB
2,5” SAS 10k 73 & 146 GB
2.5” SATA 5.4K 120GB
160, 250, 500,

3,5” SATA 7.2k
750 & 1000 GB
SATA / SAS 2.5” vs. 3.5”
2.5“ 3.5“
SAS 10k - 15k SAS 10k -15k
Rotation (RPM) SATA 7.2k SATA 7.2k
SAS: 1.2 M - 1.6 M h SAS: 1.2 M h

MTBF SATA: 300k - 500k h SATA: >1Mh
2.5“ 15k < 10% better

Performance performance
compared to 3.5“ 15k
Power consumption < 50% of 3.5“ HDDs

Heat dissipation
Helpful hints
HDD LED’s (1)
HD dead
remove/change drive
HD rebuild
wait until rebuild is finished

HD normal access
DO NOT to remove/replace HD
For RAID testing purpose – offline drive first
HDD LED’s (2)
HD Rebuild
After HD replacement wait at least 2 minutes for the rebuild process to

start automatically
If the rebuild does not start, pull the disk, wait another minute and insert it
again.
If the rebuild still does not start, start a “manual rebuild” from WEB BIOS
or ServerView RAID
WebBIOS
VDisk / Controller
settings
Virtual Drive – Access Policy
Access Policy:
RW: Allow read/write
access. This is the default.
Read Only: Allow read-
only access.
Blocked: Do not allow
access.
Virtual Drive – Read Cache
Normal:
This disables the read ahead
capability. This is the default.
Ahead:
Read sequentially ahead of
requested data. This speeds up
reads for sequential data, but
there is little improvement when
accessing random data.
Adaptive:
The controller begins
using read ahead if the two
most recent drive accesses
occurred in sequential sectors.
If the read requests are random,
the controller returns to Normal
(no read ahead).
Virtual Drive – Write Cache
Write back
Only enable with BBU Support
Write through
Does not use Write cache
Big Impact on Parity RAID performance
Wrthru for Bad BBU:
If you choose this option,
the controller firmware
automatically switches to “Write
Through” mode if it detects a bad or
missing BBU.
BBU and Cache
BBU Must Support cache for a
weekend
Larger cache boosts parity raid if using
write back policy
Virtual Drive – I/O Policy
The I/O Policy applies to
reads on a specific virtual
drive. It does not affect the
read ahead cache.
Direct: In direct I/O mode, reads
are not buffered in cache
memory..
Cached: In cached I/O mode, all
reads are buffered in cache
memory.
Virtual Drive – Disk Cache
Disk Cache Policy:
Enable
Disable.
Unchanged: Leave the
current drive cache policy
unchanged.
Data
Disk cache is not

BBU protected
Virtual Drive - properties
Disable BGI: Specify the
background initialization
status:
No: Leave background
initialization enabled. This
is the default.
Yes: Select Yes if you do
not want to allow
background initializations
for configurations.
Virtual Drive - BGI
Disable BGI :NO Disable BGI :YES
nothing
BGI nothing Fast Init
keep Data
keep Data
Manual VDISK Operation
3
• Best practice:1-3
•Disable BGI=no and select YES complete init
overwrites every block
•If you have Problems with the File system on your RAID select disable BGI=YES
and then NO and select Slow init manually. This really deletes all data on the HDD
Size
Multiple Virtual disk on the same physical disks possible.
Auto sizing of virtual disk for suggested RAID Level.
Always check the size of the Virtual disk before proceeding.
LSI Modular RAID
Overview
Current RAID solutions
Embedded SATA RAID
Modular RAID RAID01
Modular RAID 5/6
Embedded SATA
RAID solution Modular RAID IME Modular RAID 5/6
solution solution
optional RAID5
iButton
Embedded SATA RAID solution
Supported RAID
Codename Modular RAID levels SCSI PIC
+ facts
Embedded 0, 1, 10
Embedded
Southbridge (RAID 5 with iButton
SATA RAID
(ESB2)
SATA II
solution only)
ICHxR
max 4/6 HDDs
Modular RAID IME - 5/6
Supported RAID
Code Modular Internal
levels PIC
name RAID connectors
+ facts
RAID01 0, 1, 1E
(LSI 1064e max. 4 HDs + 2 hot-
Lynx/4 spare
based)
D2507-A1 max. 2 RAID arrays
0, 1, 1E
RAID01
max. 8 HDs + 2 hot-
Lynx/8 (LSI 1068e spare
based) max. 2 RAID arrays
D2507-B1
Tape (SAS)
0, 1, 10, 5, 6, 50, 60
5/6 8 HDs w/o extender
(LSI 1078 mode
based) max. 128 arrays
Cougar D2516-A1 Expander support
(256MB)
256 MB or 512 MB
D2516-B1
Cache
(512MB)
BBU optional
Overview used RAID controllers
SATA RAID Entry RAID High-end RAID

PRIMERGY
embedded MegaRAID Modular 0/1 Modular 5/6
---
X (1064e)
RX100S5 X
onboard (add. PCI card no
longer an option)
RX200S5 X X (1064e) X(1078)
SATA onboard (only for

RX300S5 DVD) X (1068e) X(1078)
---
TX150S6 X X (1068e) X(1078)
TX200S5 X X (1068e) X(1078)
TX300S5 SATA onboard (only for
DVD) X (1068e) X(1078)
---
Battery Backup Unit
iBBU option
iBBU is mounted with an adapter plate in the PRIMERGY
Recalibration every 30 days by default (message log)
Supports cache for 72 hours
2’nd BBU for 2’nd controller
SAS cabling 3.5” - Tower
TX150 S6 (3.5”) TX200 S5 (3.5”) TX300 S5 (3.5”)

Basic configuration HD
Lynx/8 Lynx/8 Lynx/8

Cougar Cougar Cougar
Lynx/4 or SCSI or USB Lynx/4 or SCSI or USB Lynx/4 or SCSI or USB

Configuration
Lynx/8
Tape
Lynx/8
Cougar Cougar Lynx/8
Cougar
standard system backplane optional HDD expansion box backplane
Lynx/4= Modular 0/1, Lynx/8= Modular 0/1, Cougar= Modular RAID 5/6
SAS cabling 2.5”
TX150 S6 (2.5”) TX200 S5 (2.5”) TX300 S5 (2.5”)
Lynx/4 or SCSI or USB Lynx/4 or SCSI or USB Lynx/4 or SCSI or USB
E x p a n d e r
Configuration
Lynx/8 Lynx/8 Cougar

Tape
Cougar Cougar
Expansion Box (no
Configuration with
E x p a n d e r
Tape possible)
Cougar/Lynx 8 Cougar
Cougar Cougar
Lynx 8 Lynx 8
standard system backplane optional expansion box backplane

Lynx/4= Modular 0/1, Lynx/8= Modular 0/1, Cougar= Modular RAID 5/6
LSI Controllers for
external devices
LSI Controllers for external devices
Supported Devices+RAID
Name connector PICTURE
levels + facts
LSI MegaRAID 0, 1, 10, 5, 50

8344ELP FibreCAT SX40 only
(Intel® IOP333 256 MB Cache + Optional
RAID
I/O based) BBU

SFF8470
0, 1, 10, 5, 6, 50, 60
LSI MegaRAID
8880EM2 FibreCAT SX40 and SX650
only
(LSI 1078
based) 512 MB Cache + Optional SX650 SX40
BBU SFF8470 SFF8470
SFF8088 SFF8088
LSI SAS 3442E- No RAID

R External Tape only
(LSI 1068e TX48 S2 with LTO3 and LTO4
Tape
based) TX24 S2 with LTO3 and LTO4

Use of internal SAS
Connector is not released. SFF8470
Overview - Usage
LSI MegaRAID LSI MegaRAID

PRIMERGY 8344ELP 8880EM2 LSI SAS 3442E-R
Econel230
S1
- - x
RX100S5 - - x
RX200S4 X X x
RX330S1 X - -
RX300S4 X X x
TX150S6 X X -
TX200S4
X X -
TX300S4 X X x
Tape Configurations
Tape devices Controller
Controller Adaptec ASC-29320LPE

DDS Gen6
PCI eXpress x1
Parallel Entry LTO
Released for all PRIMERGYs
SCSI LTO3HH - Half height
Single Channel Ultra 320 SCSI HBA
LTO4FH - Full height
Internal or external drives allowed
DDS Gen5
USB Drives connected to USB connector on
DDS Gen6
motherboard
RDX
LTO4HH
SAS Modular IME - D2507-A1 (Lynx 4)
LTO4FH
LSI SAS3442E-R (SAS HBA)
FibreCAT SX40
Quality and Availability
The FibreCAT SX40 offers:
Hot-plug SAS hard disks in SX40 HDD carrier
An I/O module with 2 SAS x4 wide ports (12 GBit, SAS IN and SAS Out)
Integration in PRIMERGY server management and RAID management
software
FibreCAT SX40 - Facts
PRIMERGY SX40 storage subsystem
“Just a Bunch of Disks” for easy hard disk expansion
2 SAS x4 wide ports (SFF 8470 connector)
Max. 12 x 3.5-inch hot-plug SAS hard disks (up to 36 disks with 3 SX40)
Measures just 2 height units in the rack
LED status display for monitoring
FibreCAT® SX40 Mechanical Layout
Power supply
I/O module
Midplane
Mounting and Cabling Rules
SAS cabling
Mount server and JBOD close together
in the rack
Max. cable length
• 2m
CTRL – JBOD
• 0.5m; 2m
JBOD – JBOD
Power cabling
Connect each server power supply and
JBOD to the same phase
Exercises
Ex01: BIOS Configuration

Ex02: Configure LSI Embedded SATA (dependant on classroom)
Ex03: Configure LSI SAS IME
Ex04: Configure LSI Web BIOS
Exercise 01/02/03/04
BIOS Configuration
Spend some time in the BIOS familiarizing yourself with
the additional features offered by Fujitsu server BIOS’s
Configure LSI Embedded SATA
Use the SATA RAID BIOS to configure a RAID 1 and
initialize it.
Configure LSI SAS IME
Configure a RAID array using the SAS IME BIOS of an
LSI 1068e Modular RAID controller.
Configure LSI Web BIOS
Configure multiple RAID Arrays using the WebBIOS of
an LSI 1078e Modular RAID controller.

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PRIMERGY Windows

Install and Manage

RAID Basics and Controllers

Copyright FUJITSU TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS Nov 2009

Virtual Disk can survive the loss of one drive D0

Virtual Disk cannot survive the loss of any

wait until rebuild is finished

After HD replacement wait at least 2 minutes for the rebuild process to

not supported SATA SAS

TX200S5 (2x) 8 x 2.5”

exchange between PRIMERGY and FibreCAT SX not

Size Technology Rotation Capacity

73, 146, 300 &

2,5” SAS 15k 36 & 73 GB

2,5” SAS 10k 73 & 146 GB

2.5” SATA 5.4K 120GB

160, 250, 500,

SAS: 1.2 M - 1.6 M h SAS: 1.2 M h

2.5“ 15k < 10% better

Power consumption < 50% of 3.5“ HDDs

wait until rebuild is finished

After HD replacement wait at least 2 minutes for the rebuild process to

Disk cache is not

Disable BGI :NO Disable BGI :YES

SATA RAID Entry RAID High-end RAID

RX200S5 X X (1064e) X(1078)

SATA onboard (only for

2’nd BBU for 2’nd controller

TX150 S6 (3.5”) TX200 S5 (3.5”) TX300 S5 (3.5”)

Lynx/8 Lynx/8 Lynx/8

Lynx/4 or SCSI or USB Lynx/4 or SCSI or USB Lynx/4 or SCSI or USB

standard system backplane optional HDD expansion box backplane

Lynx/8 Lynx/8 Cougar

standard system backplane optional expansion box backplane

LSI MegaRAID 0, 1, 10, 5, 50

I/O based) BBU

LSI SAS 3442E- No RAID

based) TX24 S2 with LTO3 and LTO4

LSI MegaRAID LSI MegaRAID

Controller Adaptec ASC-29320LPE

Ex01: BIOS Configuration

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