S.M.K. ST.

MICHAEL IPOH STPM TRIALS 2009

CHEMISTRY PAPER 1 (ANSWERS)

1 B 26 A
2 A 27 C
3 C 28 D
4 A 29 B
5 D 30 B
6 B 31 C
7 B 32 C
8 C 33 C
9 B 34 D
10 A 35 B
11 C 36 B
12 B 37 B
13 D 38 C
14 D 39 B
15 B 40 A
16 C 41 D
17 C 42 D
18 A/C 43 B
19 C 44 A
20 C 45 B
21 A 46 B
22 C 47 D
23 D 48 D
24 B 49 A
25 C 50 A
SMK St. Mich:lel, IpO h 2009 Trilll ex:lIl1inatiun : pg I 19

Name: C lass:

ST. MIC HAEL'S INSTITUTION, IPO H

2009 TRIAL EXAMINATION
CHEMISTRY PAPER 2
TIME: 2 y, HOU RS
Instructions to candidates :
Answer ALL the questions in Section A in the spaces prov ided. All work ing MUST be shown .
For numerica l answers, units MUST be quoted where they are appropriate.

An swer any FOUR questions from Section B. For this section, wr ite your answers on test pad papers
provided. Begin each answer on a fre sh sheet of paper and arrange your answers in numeri cal order. Tie
yo ur answer sheets to this book let.

A Data Booklet is prov ided.

Section A [40 marks]

Answer ALL the questions in this section.

I. (a) Arrange the elements

(i) in the Third Period of the Period ic Table in the order of decreas ing atom ic radius,
Na , Mg , AI • Si , P , S • CI , Ar ./

( ii) of chlorine, bromine and iodine in Group 17 of the Period ic Table in the order of
increasing fi rst ionisat ion energy.
I • Be . CI,( NOT I, • Be, • CI, [2J

(b) Draw the Lewis structure and state the l?eomet -v for the SF, molecule and the 13- ion.
SF6 molecu le 13 - ion
Lewis stnlcture Lewi s structure

•
••
••

..., ,...
••
• F • • F •
• ., • • ., •
••
• F ,• S •, F •
•
[....
: I:
"I ,•
xx xx
... r
I:

,(

• .. • • .. •
• • • •
F F MUST show with different dot for the e -
,(
received

GeometrY : octahedral ./ Geometry: linear -/ [4J

(c) State why

(i) SF, is used as an insulating gas in high voltage e lectric appliances,
SF, is chemically inert-/

(ii) SI6 do not exist,

Due 10 the steric hindrance./ and because the $- 1 bond is weak. hence mak ing SI6
unstable ./

(iii) h - and Br3- ions exist but.F3- ion does not exist under normal conditions.
TIle repU lsion between the lone pair of e lectrons on adjacent flu orine atoms makes
the F3 - unstable ./ [4]
SMt< St. Michael. Ipoh 2009 Trial examination: pg 2 19

2. (a) p • and Q ~ ions are isoe lectronic w ith Ihe ~~ X isotope.

(i) Identify P ~ and Q ~ ions.
P has 19 e, P = K, p . = K ~ ./ [2]

( ii ) Elements P and Q fo rm an ionic compound PQ. The entha lpy changes involved in the
formation of thi s compound under standard conditions are as follows.

P (s) --> P (g) b. HO::: + 77 kJ

y, Q, (g) --> Q (g) ,,11' = + 12 1 kJ
P(g)--> p ' (g) + e "H' =+ 4 19kJ
Q (g) + e -->Q - (g) "He = _ 349 kJ
p (s) + y, Q, (g) --> PQ (s) ,,11' = - 436 kJ
Write equation which represents the lattice energy of compound PQ and calculate the
va lue of the lattice energy.

- 436
P (s) + y, Q, (g) --> PQ (s)
l+77 l+121 Eq uation , P ' (g) + Q - (g) --> PQ(s)./
- 436 = + 77 + 4 19 + ! 2 1 - 349 + b.H lall . /
P (g) Q (g) Ll H laC!
b.H lall = - 704 kJ ./
1P+, (g) + 1Q-- (g),-
419 349
----"
(with unit and negative sign)

[3]

(b) Carboxylic acids are organ ic acids obtained from plants and animals. The structura l formu lae
of four carboxylic acid s are given below.

CH,COOH , @-eOOH , O,N- @ - eOOH Ha-@--COOH

(i) Arrange the acids in the order of increasing acidity,

CH,COOH < @-eOOH < O,N-@-eoOH < H<>-@-eOOH ./

Oi) Which of the above acids has the strongest conjugate base?
CH)COOH ./

(iii) State the effect ofthe-N~ group on the acidity of H~OOH

Presence of the -NO z group will increase the acid strength ofthi s compound ./
-NO} , an electron- w ithdrawing group ./ helps to withdrav..' electrons from the
O-H bond in thc-COOH group making the O---H bond easier to break./,
OR -N02 • an electron- withdrawing group./ will disperse the negat ive charge on
the carboxylate ion, -COO ~ ./ • thus stabilises the ca rboxylate ion [5]
S MK St. Michael. Illoh 2009 Tri:. 1 exa rnin a lion : Ilg 3 / 9

3. (a) The tetrachlorides of Group 14 e lements, exam ple CC I.1 , SiC I4 • GeCI4 • SnC I4 and PbCI4 are
liquids at room temperature. All the tetrachlorides, with the exception of CC I-, , are
hydrolysed in aqueous solution to form acidic so lut ions.

( i) State the mo lecular shape of a ll the Group 14 tetrachlorides.

Tetmhedra l ./

(ii) Write a ba lanced equation fo r the hydrolys is of SiC I4 .

S;CI, (I) + 2 H,O (I) -----> S;O, (s) + 4 He l (g) ./

(iii) Expla in why CC I ~ does not undergo hydrolysis.

has the e lectron ic configuration of I s22s22p2 ./
does not have empty d orbital s, cannot ex pand its va lence ./
OR cannot fonn the inrermediate coord inate bond with the water molec ule [4 1

(b) Aqueous alum inium sulphate contains [AI(H20)6]1'. Aqueous ammonia is added to aqueous
a luminium sulphate unti l in excess. The reaction that occurs in limited aq ueous ammonia is
as follows.
[AI(H,O).)'· (aq) + 3 OH - (aq) ) AI(H,O)J(O H), (s) + 3 H,O (I)

(i) Describe one observation in the above reaction.

A white prec ipitate is formed ./

(ii) What chemical nature of the aluminium ion is shown in (a) (i) ?
Ac idic in nature ./

(iii) What happens when excess aqueous ammonia is added to the solution ? Write an
equation for the reaction invol ved.
The white precipitate is soluble in excess aqlleous am moni a ./ and form a colourless
solut ion ./
) [A I(H,Oh(OH),1 - (aq) + H,O (I)'"

(tv) What chemica l nature of the aluminium iOIl is shown in (a) (iii) ?
Acidic in nature ./ (6)

4. (a) Ethylamine, C1HsNHl • is a foul smelling liquid that reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid at
room temperature.

( i) Write a ba lanced equation for the reaction between ethylamine and dilute
hydrochloric acid.
C 21"I,N H2 + HC1--» C2HsNH) .. C I - ./

(ii) Name the type of reaction taking place between ethylami ne and dilute hydrochloric
acid .
Neutra li sation reaction. ./

(iii) State two observable changes for the reaction between elhylamine and dilute
hydrochloric acid.
The fi shy smell of ethylamine disappears . ./
Te mperature of mi xture rises ./ as heat of neutra li sation is li berated
(4)
SMK St. Michel, Ipoh 2009 Trial examinatio n : pg 4 / 9

(b) State Ihe reagents and wrile ba lanced equJlions ror the preparation o f ethylamine from the
fo ll owing compound s.

ethanol

cone. in excess ./
ethanol

(ii) CH,CN

CHlCN + 2 H! - ----» ./ CH j CH2NH 2 ./

180 °C
[4J

(c) Aspirin has the foll owing structure.

o
II Give Ihe prod ucts fonned when aspirin is heated with
aqueous polassium hydroxide solution .
©:(O--<:---CH'
C-OH
II
o

O- K+
o
II
©:(e--o - K ' • K.O--<:---CH,
II
o ./ [2J

Section B [60 marks]

5. (a) (i) The relat ive isotopic mass of an isotope is the mass of one ato m of tile isotope ./
re lative to 1/ 12 the mass of one atom o f carbon- I 2 ./ . [2J

Oi) 2B + J H, ---> B2H6 ./ e :l·j , ;). ;, 1: 3

2 mol I mol _I ". J1g -- I' 000
I
- mol
1.278
- - rno I
7<. ' 1 =- 1:3
x 2x+ 6
-0·1, &

_I = 1.278 ./ /
2x 2x+6
)( ~ 3/
2x + 6 = 2.556x ;/0 , ;).78
x= 10. 79(4sl)./ _ [JJ
- 10 ·79 ( If ~l)
(iii) IO a+ llb = 10.79 ./
a+b
10 a+ II b = 10.79 0+ 10.79 b
0.21 b = 0.79a
a I
- =- ./
b 4 [2J
S MK St. M ic hael, IllO r. 2009 Trial examination: pg 5 / 9

(iv) Relative in tensity

axes ./
4 - - - - - - - -
2 peaks ./
J
2
m
0 L-~8--~9~~ILO--~II~· [2J
•
(b) (i) A chemical substance that can donate proton, H ., a proton donor./
CH,COOH (ag) + H,O (I) co CH,COO - (ag) + H, O' (ag) ./
NOT CH,COOH (ag) co CH,COO - (ag) + H' (ag) [2J
(i i) Ethanoate ion ./ NOT C H ~COO -, NOT sod ium et hanoate [I J

(ii i) pH = pK a +

= - log
lO
(1.80 x W- 5) + log lo [ 0~9:00)
1.00
./ NOT ( 0.900)
1.00
2.00
= 4.74 - 0.0458
=4.69(3sf) ./ [2J
(iv) CH, COOH (ag) + OH - (ag) co CH, COO - (ag) + H,O (I) ./
NOT W (aq) + OH - (ag) co H, O (I) [l J
6. (a) (i) CH, COOH (I) + CH,CH,oH (I) co CH,COOC H,CH, (I) + HOH (I) [IJ

(ii) 120.0 = 2 mol 92.0 = 2 mol

o o
60 46
- x mo l - x mol + x mol + x mol
(2 - x) mol (2-x)mol x mol x mol ./

2
4x - 16x + 16 = x 2
3x 2 - 16x+ 16 = 0
(3x - 4)(x - 4) = 0
4
x=-
3
4 2
Ethanol left = 2 - - = - mol ./
3 3
2
Mass left = 3"(46) = 30.7 g (3 sf) ./ [4]

(b) II, O,(g)+ 2 W (ag) + 2. ---> H,O (ag) - (I) E' = + 1.23 V
2 H,O (I) + 2. ---> H, (g) + 2 OH - (ag) - (2) E' =- 0.83 V
Cu" (ag) + 2. ---> Cu (s) - (3) EO = + 0.34 V

At anode, NO]- can't react as reducing agent./

H20 reacts as reducing agent and is oxidised to O2 ./ O2 gas is liberated
H,O (ag) ---> y, 0, (g) + 2 H • (ag) + 2e ./

At cathode, E O ofCu2+ I Cu is more positive than that of H 20 I OH - ./

:;:::) Cu 2" is a stronger oxidising agent than H20
Cu2" is chosen to be reduced to reddish brown copper METAL ./
Cu 2• (aq) + 2e ~ Cu (s) ./ [6J
SMK St. Michael, Ipoh 2009 Trial elimination : pg 6 / 9

(e) •• •• AI : 2.8.3, Is2 2S2 2p6 3s 2 3pt

•• CI·· •• CI •• ·· CI •• C1 : 2.8. 7, Is2 2S2 2p6 3s 2 3ps
·x X· •• X· AbC I6 form s di mer with sha rin g electrons
with C I ato ms ./
AI AI
AI has empty p orbita ls to rece ive the lone
·X •• ·X X·
pair of e lectrons fro m CI atom ./
•• CI •• •• CI ·· •• CI ·· 2 coordinate bonds are formed ./
•• •• Each atom achieved the stable no ble gas max
d iagram ./ configurat ion./ [4}

7. (a) ( i) The graph shows a minimum boil ing point .:::::> a maximum vapou r pressure
PT > PA + Ps calculated from Rao ult's ./
Positive deviat ion from Raoult' s law ./ 12J
( ii )
100 " '_ _
T,
78.1
Boi ling point I °C

o 12 C, 96 100
Composition of ethanol

Whet! the mixture with the composition of 12 % of ethano l is di slilled, the mixture will boi l
at T t • ./
The vapour produced with the composition of C 2 is richer in ethanol . ./
When this vapour is condensed, the composition of the liquid obtained is the same as the
compos ition of its vapour, C 2. ./
If the vaporisation and the condensation processes are repeated, the disti llate produced at
78. 1 °C is an azeotrope I azeotropic mixture . ./
The res idua l liquid in the distillation flask is pure water and evenlUa lly distilled over at
100 °C . ./ No ethanol will be obtained . [5]

(b) (i) White fum es of He l arc given off and white precipitate of 8e(OH)1 ./ is formed
BeC l, (s) + 2 H,O (I) ---> Se(OH ), (s) + 2 HCI (S) -'

Be(OHh dissolves in excess NaOH to produce a colourless solution ./ max

Be(OH), (s) + 2 01-1 . (aq) ---> [Be(OH), J' · (aq) -' 13J
:.. JJ:k
(i i) Ye llow precipitate of silver R-itmte./ is formed,
does not dissolve in ammonia aqueous ./
AS' (aq) + I . (aq) ---> AgI (5) -' (3)

(c) CO 2 s imple covalent mo lecu les./

Weak Van der Waal's forces between mo lecules ./ (2)

8. (a) (i) All Group 2 elements react with water to form their respective hydroxides
with the liberation of hydrogen ./.
M (5) + 2 H,O (I) --+ M(OHh (aq) + H, (S) -'
The reactivity increases due to the increase in the reducing strength of the metals ./
[3J
(ii) Nitrates of the Group 2 elements dissoc iate to respective metal oxide when heated
2 M(NO,), (s) ---+ 2 MO (5) + 4 NO, (g) + 0 , (g) -'

Down the Group "

The cationic size of M2+ 't, the cationic charge density J.. ./
The polarising power of the cation J.. ./
The thennal stability ofthe nitrates 't ./ [4)
,sMK.st. Michael, Ipoh 2009 Trial uamination : pg 7 / 9

Homogeneous catal yst - the cata lyst is in the same physical state / phase o f matter as
the reactants (products are not included) ./
The oxidation state of nitrogen atom temporarily chan ge from +2 in NO to +4 in N02
and back to +2 in NO ./
NO provides an alternative reaction pathway of lower activation energy, Ea ./
The intermediate is NO] ./ [4]

(ii) Heterogeneous catalyst - (he catalyst is in a different physical stale / phase of matter
from the reactants (products are not included)./

Pt, a transition metal, has empty orbitals ./

S02 and O 2 molecules adsorb (adsorption) on the Pt surface, form temporary bonds
with S02 and O 2 molecules ./
New bonds fonned between S02 and 0 1 molecules and forms an activated complex,
thus lowering the aetivat~on energy for the reaction ./ [4]
rv1'f" 3.J
9. <a) NaOH (aq) (~) MnO,-1 H -
C4 H 100
Q
decolourises orange precipitate with
Mn04 ~ / H ~ 2,4-d initrophenylhydrazine

R gives orange precipitate with 2,4-dinitrophcnylhydrazine

I
- contains carbonyl group, ---C = 0 => aldehyde or keton0

Both Q and R react with alkaline iodine to fonn a yellow precipitate

H H H
I I I
Q - alcohol contains -C-CHJ , Q = CHJCH,--{:-CH, , P = CHJCH,--{:-CH J
I . I I
OH 8' OH ,/ Br ,/

o 0
II ;, ,,\
II
Q is oxidised to R - ketone, contains - C- CH )i "./ . R = C H]- CHr-C---C H3 ./
'-
CHJ CH,
I dt)' ether I
CHJCH1---C- Br + Mg --::---:-:-:c::-' CHJCH,--{:-MgBr
reflux 35°C
I I
H H
P S ,/

T reacts with PCl s to liberate white fumes - T has -OH grouP2)

CHJ CH,
I I dt)' ether
CHJCH,--{: = 0 + CH,CH,--C--MgBr )

I
H
R - ketone S - Grignard reagent

CHJ
I
CH]CHz--C-O H + MgBr · + H20
I
CH(CH,)CH,CH,
max
[8]
 Cb) Ci) Phenol is a weak acid, reacts with aq ueous sodium hydroxide to produce a water-
so luble ionic salt ./

@-oH + NaOH (aq) room temperature) @-o-Na++ H20'/

Pheno l does n OI react with aqueous sodium carbonate because phenol is a weaker
acid than carbonic acid ./ [31

o
II
(ii) Methanoic acid / formi c acid, H--C-OH contai ns a ldehyde group ./ , is
oxidised to carboxy lic acid.
o
II
H-C-OH [0] +
KMo0 4 . H 2 S0 4
[2]

(iii) Styren e undergoes addition polymeri satio n ./, forms a transparent solid when
exposed to air.
H H
I I
n C~C

l~~
phenylethcnc poly(phenylcthenc) /
styrene poly(styrcne) / abbrev iation: PS [2]

10. Ca) 0) Relative molecular mass (C 7 1-4) n = 180

( 12 x 7 + 6) n = 180 :::::) 90 n = 180 => n = 2./
The molecular formula = C l4 H Il . / [2]

Oi) The structure of W

H H

@J~~-@ .'
Cis-trans isomers of W

The structure of X ;
HI~
-C ~ c-@ .'
H H H H
I I I I
@-C~C--@ + HBr ~
gas or @ii*--@
concentrated H B,
w y .'
SMK St. Michae l, Ipoh 2009 T rial u.a min ation : pg 9 / 9

I~
2 H-C = C - @
+ 2 HBr - >
gas or
X concentrated

I~
H-C - C- I ( )
+
I~
H-C - C-@
I I~ I I
H B, Sr H

maj or product mi nor product

Z./ Z

plane of mi rror (5 J

(b) When aldehydes react with a solution of2,4-d initrophenylhydrazine, a small molecu le of
H20 is eliminated ./
H O,N
I
R-C = O + H'N-NH~-NO'
room temp.
I O,N,
o R-C = N-N H--@-NO' (2J

(i) reagent + condition ./ , eq uation ./

Bc(CH,). B, + 2 KCN N = C(C H,).C = N + 2 KB, (2J

reflux

N _ C(CH,).C = N + 4 (HJ ---t H,N(CH,).NH,

Reducin g agents
1. Na I C 2H sOH at room temperature
2. H, (g) / N i at 180 "C
3. L i A I ~ I dry ether, followed by H30 ~ at room temperature (2J

H
I
H
I c------- --,
0
II
°
II
(ii ) n H-N-(CH,). -N-j-H + n HO!--C-(CH,).-C-OH
_________ _ J

IIO~

<ckchong\exam\chem istry\09u6essay2.doC>
>
-f1 I H O
I II
-(C H,).--N-C-(CH,).-c n + [2J