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LTE in Ten Minutes PDF
LTE in Ten Minutes PDF
INTEN
MINUTES
25Most
FrequentlyAsked
BasicLTE
InterviewQuestions
AZARTAUFIQUE
“A blank page is no empty space.
It is brimming with potential...
It is a masterpiece in waiting
-- yours.”
LTE in 10 Minutes:
When it comes to technology, there is way too much noise out there
and less actual content which solves the problems of professionals. The
reason I call this cheat sheet as LTE in 10 minutes is: Because when it
comes to learning technical stuff, you can spend your whole career in
understanding a particular technology and still the next project or
assignment you worked on may not require the insights you learned in
the past.
This is where this book comes in handy. You can use it whenever and
wherever you want to brush up your LTE knowledge to know the basics.
I am Azar Taufique
and I use the skills of training,
sales and persuasion to teach technology.
Yours in
Technology Training,
Azar
Question 1
What are the Bandwidths used for
LTE deployment?
Answer: The definitions of the channel bandwidth and transmission
configuration are the same as for the Base Station. For the UE,
however, it is not the same case. I will discuss about it some other.
The bandwidths used for LTE deployment are 1.4 MHz, 3 MHz,
5 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz and 20 MHz
Question 2
How Many subcarriers/RBs are there
in 5/10/20 MHz channel ?
Answer:
•5MHz
There are 25 Resource Blocks and 300 subcarriers
•10MHz
There are 50 Resource Blocks and 600 subcarriers
•20 MHz
There are 100 Resource Blocks and 1200 subcarriers
Question 3
What is Subcarrier Bandwidth in
LTE?
Answer: One Subcarrier Bandwidth is 15 Khz
in LTE as specified in 3 GPP standard.
Question 5
How many states a UE can have?
Answer: In LTE, UE can be in 2 states. Idle and Connected.
Please note that UE Idle/Connected and RRC Idle/Connected means
the same
Question 6
What is difference between Idle &
Connected Mode?
Answer:
IDLE MODE: UE is not actively running any end user specific session.
UE will receive only paging and broadcast related information. From
end user perspective, it is the state when you are not using your phone
i.e., requesting any service, such as browsing, making a phone
call, download etc.
i.HO:
When the user moves out of coverage of one cell to another cell. For
smooth operation and to avoid call drop, a handover needs to take
place. HO happens only in case of connected user.
ii.Redirection:
When a particular service and coverage is not available to one cell, the
UE is redirected by the eNodeB to other cells for better coverage
and /or respective service requested. This phenomenon is termed as
Redirection.
iii.Cell Selection:
In Idle mode, when UE is not RRC connected to any particular cell, but it
camps on a cell instead. In idle mode, the procedure / process of
camping on a cell is called cell selection.
iv.Cell Re-selection:
In idle mode, when your smart phone (UE) moves out of coverage of
one cell to another cell. UE has to camp from one camp to another
cell. This process of reselecting a new cell, while UE is already camping
on an existing selected cell is called Cell Re-Selection.
1. Static 2. Dynamic
Question 9
Handover types in LTE?
Answer: In LTE, there are two mainly two types of handovers. Intra
LTE and Inter LTE.
These two types can be further classified into the following:
•Intra LTE
Intra eNodeB
Inter eNodeB
Inter MME
Intra MME
Inter SGW
Intra SGW
Intra Frequency
Inter Frequency
•Inter LTE
Handover to WCDMA
Handover to GERAN
Handover to CDMA
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Question 10
What is difference between X2 and
S1 HO?
Answer:
Question 11
Explain Events measurements
in LTE?
Answer: UE can perform measurements either by reading RSRP or
RSRQ. The preference either UE should do measurement on RSRP or
RSRQ can be configured accordingly.
Question 13
What is ANR?
Answer: It stands for Automatic Neighbor Relationship. It is a
Self-Organizing Network Function (SON )function. Due to ANR, LTE
can form neighbor relationships with other cells, when required. It can
also remove relationships which are no longer needed anymore.
Question 14
What is QCI?
Answer: QCI stands for Quality of Service (QoS) Class identifier. To
provide various types of QoS for the subscribers, in LTE we have 256
QCI values. Among these 256 QCI values, 9 QCI values have been
standardized by 3GPP. Remaining QCI values are configuration
dependent.
Question 16
Which channel carries CQI
information to enodB?
Answer: CQI information can be carried on PUSCH or PUCCH channel.
If there is no data to transmit in the Uplink, then CQI information will
be send on PUCCH.
Question 17
What other info PUCCH carries?
Answer: Uplink Control signaling is sent on PUCCH, for example
such as scheduling request, ACK/ NACK, CQI reports etc
Question 19
What is the Location of PUCCH in
the UL Spectrum?
Answer: PUCCH location is usually at the edges of the Uplink Spectrum.
Question 20
What is the difference between FDD
and TDD mode in LTE?
Answer: The LTE standard specifies two different duplex modes; FDD
and TDD.
Question 22
How is downlink power control used
in LTE?
Answer: Downlink power control, or power boosting, can be used on
both the data channel(PDSCH) and control channels (PBCH, PDCCH,
PCFICH, and PHICH).
(i) Allocating relatively high power, but few resource blocks to power
limited users and vice versa for bandwidth-limited users, and
(ii) Allocating more power to resource blocks with Good channel quality.
Question 24
How is link adaptation used in LTE?
Answer: For unicast traffic, link adaptation is used and is controlled by
the eNodeB. A common modulation and channel code is used in the
frequency domain per UE and codeword. The modulation and coding
scheme (MCS) is selected based on CQI feedback and buffer content.
Rapid interference variations make it difficult to predict the link quality
accurately, and select MCS based on such knowledge. Instead,
preliminary, MCS selection is based on averaged link quality.
Question 25
What reference signals are defined
for LTE uplink transmission?
Answer: There are two types of uplink reference signals in LTE, reference
\signals for channel estimation to support coherent uplink transmission
and so-called sounding reference signals.
1G 2G 3G 4G
TACS GSM/GPRS/EDGE WCDMA/HSPA/HSPA+ LTE
azar@techtrained.com