COLLEGE YIDDISH AN INTRODUCTION TO THE YIDDISH LANGUAGE AND TO JEWISH LIFE AND CULTURE By URIEL WEINREICH Por of iis Langu, Liao nd Cabarete Arn Chat Clube Uy ih prio the fein by Rows Jaxorson Hamerd Unter, Fifth Revised Eatin @‘Tine on oP 1900 Fa Pinang 198 Sed nt 1978 Sehhomee 5 | eh ing 92 San 9519 65,190 1971 1974 1976179, 19, 19D EY oon ive fe toy eons Cog Co Naber 768008 yorrsaagn ye mo 8 rer omrerecEp“Uriel Weinrich did on March 80,1967, ‘The present sison of College Yih, uoderaken by Dr. Max Wein: TEED hotned updating the coltral materials contained Bega So amare conttency between his vext and Uriel Wane ponhurousy pootibed Modern EnglshYie Udon Yudduh Engh Dictionary, ive » mlleone in the Seid of idlsh studies and of lexiopraphy general ‘Wherever necesary, changes have een introduced in the ender ad pra of nouns, the past parle of verbs, ie tumeripion of words of Hebrew-Aramaie origi, ond {he glo tenis the vocabulary In adation, mend Alene beam induce tat arve out ofthe expeienc ot teahes and stent ale SEER hanks oe due to De Michael Axour, Me, Don- ad! orman. Mt. David Le Gold, Me. Morris Goldwaser, De Mordthe Schechter, Dr. hone Shmeruk, Dr. Khave Flentantr and Mr Richard Zocerman for evbmiting TReguidons on which many of the emendatons in chit alton of College Fidish ae based, Se Winch Geth on January 2, 1968, cis woth ut erie to completion by De. Marvin I Hering, Tot of Lingo and Yiddish StaierAtran Founda: tion, Galanin Univers 7 VIVO Insticue for Jewish Research ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Paes emniniteeieer eee ecsstreiedaase fete ag atc ra pea ia ae m man Bietesenses were serpin hing id 1 ‘Ameria he went liu he constant help of Dr. Max Waoech, Revere Die asi ree Secret ee Spinone sere foul not hae een bough ot ree orm, nn mk a ee Ta Screen enieete iven me many important suggestions, especially im the prepara {7th chap the Fdaah unas tater eens rice aa oe 2 renames bee Soria etetn ner Foyle nla elapernteg eden temo f the Academie Coun of YIVO, for hs conten enceuragement uw. 1969ined we of the book i 1 i gratifying to mote thatthe conti oe to in eee ee eaanie Uy a wih 0 ten Me tna DH ned onihe ot eon UM. In preparing ths revised version, utofotay, Br. We ibithy, Mr ‘Popo or their contrive suggestions 1958 sin, the intrest Yi Since the appearence of the orginal eition he ie nee ontinued to grow in the United Sates. 41 ti aaton qicens ont the wa of Yih Wray) and Pett materia on teteson and om records is expended, the Toa the souree language abo iintnsfed, A new Ope of schol 2 eicaton in Engh, devoted to Yash lnguage, ere Ty follower lnunched in 1830 wd the ile The Bek ‘aim 930m itt Cores em Te Si ares York alvcted a group of wholars active in this 16 el et various countrien The teaching of Yidduh es bee seen tints tveral more college, and the language hes been intodweedpouk informally end aan elective in the regular cat tehen APs new York City high schol. To judge from the unin cornet ae of Clege Yiddish, mumeows adult groups throu tere mted ter are engoged inte study of Yds “Minor changes in formulation, exercise materi, and cot fn nnd edition are due nly tothe dlasroam e Tee in tis toxbook of Dt. Max Weinrich, Profesor im Bure of Vddsh Stadia atthe City College of New York uw. 1960 PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION (19491 A language which writen and wed for varius cultural pu meds coded standard, Intercommunication on 3 higher [Eat iccnentaly impeded wher uch a united andar sno st Sclely maitalved, or is cen nt eakorated. Without «well: fee na ho he ne ied Enough to expres the mont ened muancs of bast Uh et eur oc irene pea aad aM, eer forty nor the novel ean hope (8 te ad overcame the etn {ig bonds of provincial backwards, sn scholarship Fema apleaty mute Without 2 eemeut norm of wandard.promuni tion tyes are dulled, the theatrical ensemble deterirstex and the mow ly radio speeches have 4 burlgue favor: Perhaps the ‘ont pertinent component inthe responsible work of normalising ‘ngage he eee regula of gmat patent Shr gn par witout les ply ands bing ands an inate pl 0003 eltural tongue neceuaily i ple fem grammaial ame, Yiddish fas rch and dramatic Gora hkory. 1. has em ee al proces wish lean foment Hogi oe ‘idsnion,imimate coetenee "and subbore competion th er lnguages tempering surge for mary of tive feds ot flr, sod But ot le sigifcantactivement in bel Jewel itl pilot dics boat ros poe lems ofthe young Ieray language. There no ack of andar, Standard i being cested ep by sep. The Burning tak, however iss spend and population” Unie condton of diaspora. + grout unfed nundard even a much more vital premise for {he beng snd evelopment of w cat! lngege tha itn = doe tnt pec tommuniy. There canna. be appronnate omdege of «erty language for Is woe. Fl mater) ortherncy-tertum non dar, ‘Te St tool for wach a maser i Bea Sr uma, The iden extremely banal. but tamale SANS aly and eqn forgotn: And sang a ic eh ‘uta rate exo of Yeh happen to be ploeering Seat Tats one of he many pardon fetre inthe singular Fiore match of langue “tae baaty, patel fen and alos nivel ir Sts eatbox ding witha guage and i rr, be me by 2 pron ane inthe sence of Ings Bemis wenn wil undertake wring 28 Siig sexo, bt il hee cman heal Gat nea i grote who never othred with te went of la are efcotragng taste ft Bog extook of Yidih EM Salt hs nied ade of gli, R Jasomon Harcard University conTENTS ‘AcanowtznowenTs ‘ ‘Purch 10 me Fer Eormox, by Roman Jksbion Inmoocerony Nov ‘Yt Sours Tre ALE? ‘i mon Sa ro ym“ 6d Gene Wend Oe Di mt Ab Ke eva Lar Lamon 2 a _ MEET Mice hen’ Se anon § my : zeon 4 eines” Penal Pino Prt Teneo ‘repr nm ea wins Pe tate) SEN a oe Tawa oe Pe Lamon 6 . rae ¥ Sera Tat Review Quine 7 “rap rim re’ nn Gucci oi Sea 8 Ine Gearon Sr ele " 5 9 % ” 6 a ”Sparano Lamon 9 = . " SREPELSE nT Bt lies oho od eso 10 af on wa wm sane BERR es pete Lam on upline Veh at ui fe eS ae wt cone ed Ser Lave Tea 3 8 aw a Roe Gime ‘ “aiomatie Verb Bae einen te toe Hs foes ca Lion 14 i int ya mee a mite hh Pe Satan’ at Commer Nome. Uninfieced Adjectives (2 and Pee Desig saat ie Teme of 1 and YP REET Tencan vert Uoempoed Aion Gna ne Siren once son 16 : we ini one -t ert,Nmaris On Redwine ar ea Pe Taeuber aoe Quen 105 Ms Jun carn aso 20 5 De pet Sots Se en Sr vw Neng FEERTGAISER AEA crops ete Jeon Howe aso 21 PEIN Smt dprng 9 aoe Lamon 22 ‘Ter Teton ora Oso, Lamon 28 RGM Sethe Hop eos At Bet ieee yale amon 24 or yee ae a i Qian eson 25 Lason 26 SRS asic «Nef Sime ™ 185 5"sere wr phe Pen Pe Ud aA ET Ledeen Noo Rap he Lasox 28 agi dune Ara var singe oa Seger vem, THe Rea ep Nome Ave Peg” Bow of eh Eading 6 Unaseed son 8 : 3 ft exrentere 198 S18 1m Tar om 1H, Compound Nouns. LESPTREL Ga Wade, ea Femail a we une tercolorany Basen ae yen city mi 30 rete Sata mn ore Soon ae oes es ares oe ne oe Sri be Sane opmors aare pee ee “Foo cee ake sero or Geouan : Yoomtecum Coomsy | | Enews Yieom tomar ; eeeeat ise. Sous vi Mowe sa oe non 7 SEN er goes om Boake ets eo temanon, Tams monn snnepeeinare rns Soievessenscrres Sarak ee eee Eaages seamen Reece aaa 28 20 co m6 as so 35 INTRODUCTORY NOTES WHE INTRODUCTION, in the 1940 of Yiddish ot an ace deme subject in the cari of some American colleges and Snivertcs Brought into focn the need fora textbook of Viddidh Adaigeed pecially for educated adult. Although exiting Yiddish textbooks hich have bees compiled pimarily forthe eof ci trem maybe weal ss supplementary teal even in the college lsstoom, they ate far Irom adequate as base tents snc they do fot ke advattage ofthe college aden’ educational background, faery thee experience in adying ater language “This tet i intended for anormal calle course of ove yea. It may abo be of ue to student leaning Yiddih on thet Own. A Conmiderable portion of the material include init had already teen tied and found sanfactory in college cases ae various in Kermal study groupe before the pubiation of the book. Tei wo be expected that many students embarking on 2 college course in Yiddah ill have some previous bnowledge of the In- iuage from having head i spoken at home er having studied it {in cildhood. A sill teacher will pu such Knowledge to exc Tent we, On theater hand, therein danger that prior unestem- Se acquaintance with Viddih may mind. The Yidh hich ‘stadenc has head may have been carelenly infused wilh Melt tate Englih orowings: may have been dialeal, dieting from the sandardlnngunge i sound structure ab well In gram: sar and vocabulary, and even the irepuaritis of unstandardied Yiddish spelling may confoe te sadent. For perons with some mount of unrstematic previous knowledge of Yiddish, this text book wil have the parila advantage of bringing order ato thelr Knowledge and of sequaintng them with the baste features of the sandard language, The Vildsh laugh here the eltral Ta ‘guage which I the exprenion of centne Itertare and thought. ‘Reson Trem. The reading txts with which each lewon Deine have teen adapted from variow tours. In 8 nomber of fame,6 couse Yume sekasions fom known authors have been ight modied 1 cn- Toto te tamevork of the coun. Ocainaly, one of ore stanzas of poem or 1g Bave been emitted “Tinton a omison of writer inthe choice af spplemen- tury seading one (pp. 285298) tan Den based soley onthe adapt ‘Bul of thir work to this couse, and doesnot nese rofet thelr importance in Yiddh iteatare, ‘Vocanutay, A vocabulary Hist folio each reading pnage. The ousbaar hs bron divided into active and psi, "Active: words ould be memoriewhen ty oe tey sy wed Te teeguent Tenans without aedione explanation thaw words ao pectled by an avers. “Pave” words are ofa incidental sree lsc and when they rca they are agen ited In the voabulay many coz only he pertinent rarttion of word hat been ite dough other eating exis. ways for example i ane icin Tew 10 aright hough iso meas jut, Silay, Syerytis tented rrond in enon 1, whe the atonal mea ing of wey i gen in enon 18. nthe tne neve words, the voabulary ines in pen: oes the insted form (pal or nouns, pst participles Clinterin comparate for eran adjecives, te) Inthe ce of fpustve word ficted fora are ven inthe vocabulary oly if Whe Toons sppen nthe vending tex. In the losary atthe end arth book pp 855 1), however, the inetd forms of pave Arrde awl te given forthe benef ofIreted student “The gender of moun, in be few iancs that ae dob, bat tear ey on the not lid down tn the authors Modern Eng- Tob viadshTiddsh-Engish Dictionary Mi. Yodel Marks “Se Ineted Vocabulary forthe Beginner Cla served a the ating Joint in the seleion of the vocabulary for this Book. ‘Quisrions The questions about eich reading page, which are sven ater the vocabulary, maj be answered orally o in writing. Sify me to mesture the stadentr comprehension and £0 C8 tet acrion to new problems of gamma. Iemooverony Noves ” pint primary, rom the point of view of thei fncton in Vi Us bute wherever necesary, explanations were added to ait in ttaniating rom English foto id, Problems of grammar bve ben aalyed with special reference to dnimilaies Beween Ved aod Englh sour and 0 4 Tower depec, with relerence to YiddhtvGerman divergence nce {ermal siarity to Engl or German rommar ely to lead the atadents ito ror "Where varatons exit within the standard language, only one mammal varane taught. To several cases, other equivalent Ae che inthe sno of grammar (pp. $0138). ‘Becate ofthe Timed scope af thi book, i was found conve: sien to teach eran comtraction by giving example or numer Zing iatancs intend of formelting xed rule, Exuncises The execs are designed to provide practice in the vue of actve vocabulary and of grammatical form and contrac time at they ae ugh. The topplementary Tadingy at well 3 the fone ue Sea rhe rete es ‘de good opi for eral an writen compostions In the tanitonexecbes word in [] are o be omitted while words in () are fo be incall. Habced words in () are cx Barston. Many watson execs comist of continous txt ‘a tn dened tenes Ins nar oan Eg ‘as waa es ee oc ne ‘Ravinw Love Bey sh leon i eve. 1 contain 0 sew ave voesbulty oF grammar, bat ba xercies om the pe ‘exding five lessons. " ctolowe Raves ws Eecune,Each kon cones with sm Doglth Chapa, Thos parge ve mended rodectons {Angus carl rocco while, proto per ‘Toe quesiea esinied fe Oe teey tno te pet ae ad te rekenborng the more importance, Teaches may and tele m wel animating Sco Wed some leckgrousdl aac CEE ip “Te words fr tdnal Jevih oncrps have ben phone sy anced and wedi te Boga tex inte adrt ‘cousoe Yount tov, for sems more appropri wo we the forms which ave ee hse by che mafoy of Joe for many eens than SEL TRoe n'a Germain or Angie Sephardi Heir. Meter Ne ete Khonike rater than Homutiah hegodes sels haggedth, Sos ahr than Sukoth Sua Only Ine lnm rope nae ay ert Meng bem proered for example Pets (7 TN txte opely Shlain), Rete (PoP. sly Rose). ee Tents See. A numberof wore complied language probe ete be pnponed or Inter ages of te). A ner ERLE Sir etend te students knowledge of grammar at eT Shim to read mostly afl nomimagnative weit Tat Fat de aanced cou wil bridge the gp baginative 1m To por simulans lending the set 0 the ore Meat peso Yddah grammar and Ssuocesrons ano Inguuics. Inquire arto matter touched pon nhs somes as well soggetons fr improvements fn fate ons are crdaly invites They should be adéresed to the "VIVO thsttte for Jewish Research, 148 Fith Ave, ‘New York, NY. 1002. “yippIstt SOUNDS “rhe ftenng vin of Yeh ds be et inne, ‘Tur man moet hs ten pnd Pomc ete Lone {resol er nage he ngage Toe ne pat ot fecuctan nett sei! Oy fae unr fe pice af ‘Siar yn ming eer! enh “The sound pattern of tandard Vida i not identical with tha of any one Vidaih dake. ei ater te stem common to all, ‘ured iddiah speakers epee of native dialect “A numberof sounds secur fm Vids which have no exact pa alle in Engi or other Wetern language. Yiddish eh, for = {mp noted in Engh: and although x similar sound dors fs in German, its wage diles Alto, Vids (dies striking. Wy trom thea Engl 1 nw generally recognised by gui chat in every lguage certain diintons Between sounds mast be oberved in order tht the language be unertod, Ie i a important to obverse ach phoneme dtincions ar (eto Know the nature of each sound. ‘Thus Yiddish, like English, dstiguishes betwen the sounds nd [e] a the end of's word, while in Rosvan or German, for ‘xample hi dtinction ir not observed. On the eter hand al (os) becomes [i] in Yidih, while Ie becomes [or] in English Such signcantdiinctions have been emphasaed in the presen lation that follows, For the sake of simplacy, tancription in tin lees ed in hi hap Consonani [o).[) and fe ae pronounced in Vidash exactly asin the Engl words “buck.” “to.” and "go. But whereas in English the ‘unvoiced counterparts of thse suds Le. [and (x area ‘Brae in many postions, thi not the ened Yd Eng. prose”) Vi, vost (mai) Eng. eller lle”) i. aun (pate) Eg. Wen Cen") id. tex (an)[rl fh, and (ave pronounced in Vidish exactly ax inthe english wore"? "very" “sem” and "ae "Wheneie the ending [or fa} added to = word ending in sa oiced comonans i (0 (9 [el [rh oF (2 that consonant is entered sos voiced counterpart, that ( (2h (Wh (Fb OF In) For example: tent rectear (ura): mot [ner toctsreaocer [pss rae ry (ust, Mawar Pronto (HALT “Yelk i produced ein English, has voiced counterpart. teh, wbich fs pronounced kes in "mena Te may occur nny pasion srst [teen neon ove [enue woe the chen ah nam carr epee Eh Aandi ae” Tah] ® pronounced by sting the mouth a8 for [K], but allow ing ae topo betwee the tongue and he too ofthe mouth (ike ‘hin Cert “ache For all praca parpoe, the sound? i the tame rogues ofthe vowel that pecedes fe fash uth eh oikh = tecbe than caRER [corresponds ot in Engi “pare” and “belt” but in Vid ish may scar in all pions and cosequenty i treated 28 {single sou: i fe a ns {na corresponds to ch in Engst “church” and i weated at uoy he yoked coup Seth, moan me “There are two Laounds in Vids, eanseibed a [ond (16 peat, The more common tound, indicted by [i dark and Tin woe nee samrpions he unde rene at 2 Tenet on wm tmp 1 Renda of soe mpi har tn learing to produce one may pronounce 02 (of oo”) ts ove rae the ip of the tongue to couch the pate (Uy a Ugh, soe 1 In earning to produce it, one may prom ounce te (of "iee) at one rites the tip of the tongue to he alte (When the tongue Is droppeds the sound should sill be 2 Sear ee) im mulne Lae apo “moth ‘Bete i or rin sree yale {saa the ight (LE ether ee mu be nated indvduly wheter (0 ot (C) re ‘quired In reapect to vome word individual speakers der 2s to Stich sound they we. ‘A cononant pls (] may form 2 slab ino vowel low. In such postions) functlons 8 vowel, pd i called "slab" Bee Lite Mere (but LibLet Tess) [ba emrespods to Engl [ni corresponds o English n.Before (cand (i pronounced sg (ike ng in English "sng’); but the [x] and [e] are mever ‘hopped ome [rane mn [aap nnn fg] Engh “singer” (ier) Like us] ean be lai. fneton at vowel: After] a [ola [i scunded 2 x): “ivy (Liew) Hoa [woah] shaavay sheaves] Aer x] and fe) lab (nt vay sounded as 201 (20mg) 200% (2000) “There are two amine rsounds in Vidi, bath of ther ke cated in our tramecription a [i] One isthe "Tingua produced hy the tongue vibrating along the front edge of the upper gus the other ithe "ula produced by the vibration ofthe ura Mo people learn the ingea ra called willed 1") more ex. “The Engin type ofr not amine fn Vics, nor mst the Yiddinh (be hipped oe weakened i any poston2 Ccoussce You Vowsle ‘Standard Yiddih doesnot distinguish between ong and shor ‘vowels in this respect it resembles Tanguage ike Taian, Spare Ii or Rosin. Compared to the long and short vowels of English or German, the Vidi yowel are of medium lng “The following Sve vowels are dtngulhed: {is medium in length and vemsenn betwen the oof “tet and the ff Be bam meme mvt (nis vry sir to ein (a) simi win [ol between aw in “dawn” and {ui mila to 00 in “book” with pe lightly more rounded In unarened potions, 1] often becomes le clear, and lightly loser toi United [2x] approaches [4th "A vowel atte beginning of word snot preceded bya glottal vor {yor m 2] sounds ike vom] [on tek) sound ke [owe] Diphihongs [a] i sii to Fin Bn” Pavwavth TAT var Lac shravan {ernst ein vein.” SN eee ees ahem [ov] i shorter than oy in “boy” ‘ome chor nove roves Stress tn Pelyyllble Word ‘The sires in 2 polyllabic word mut be memorisd, since tere o univer Fue Ia a great number of polyyabie word, the nee falls onthe nextto last lable eevee wu enw ‘Yimou Sounae 2 For such words, the set wll no be indicated in the voebor tary. Where mo accent mark ven he sen amy therefore be ‘sete tobe onthe next slab SAMENENAAKENEN. cEvORN-—OEVOWN — TALYESITALTE [As te last two examples llurate, these in a Yili word may der from tat of is English copa Tn this book, the ses will be indicated by an accent mark iter the send vowel wherever Heft on 4 slable eter than the nexttoiat asin cee oY ‘Usually the rts emanson che se vowel even if he sai strate of word ie changed through the addon of preies or {les apd endings ‘eare-suananen(taensex) _ oDux—cuornsr [o's] uaube'y—ratuhreven (asshteYeN] ost frente plc hl Be nine "Acs ‘hos—ahast we “he ura nice i his bok ely wan ai! wo ore reading. Ib never actually writen in Yah, Pronouncing Exerlse VSenteners 10 are taken fom lewon 1, where they are sytem ssi ransated) 1 taebre Leer donot we the Engl [othe the "ight" La iting trom "ark (1 ‘The ste ir on the nexttolast sable throughout 2 won wane eon caylibie on, therlore, as two sylable, tat [Ail vowel shouldbe az ditinc pouible nw ene ua a FOUL FN BRE ALON Ircaty, pronounced snilar to 1 in “fe.” but shorter ceow-sen i on the at sll, a inetd, 4. vo yorn ar at Korner yao, pronounced ike 2) in “boy,” but sore. onmmrour slab.i poerni, H¥RoPE, WY AEVE, BY ATRKE UN IN OFSTALYE Feet pronounced lie a vei” rx rnp SiL¥0 YON YOWNEN Nt Fane'UETE SAT 1 AYUORK vow INE TOEY sLYOC YD nouns Wbishe WHNENEZAvNEN: PADRLAYE, CORA SOREL, ‘Do ot replace final sn Tvs by an unwarrented on a arRath YON VN A SR INDE kiivatdeuribed on p. 20 on 2007 mt wm ro er sMoncn (What are you seyingl We fro tming "Good Morning”) root=t06) onesnoncg ey non ss orcEmG A MATONE (They gave Ws prezent) Drovshe we woth A vuNo vnoL (Moye itil «young boy.) ‘one, rmet=the © mart be ditinctly pronounced ‘THE ALPHABET “The spelling wed in his book i that which was adopted bythe Yidish Scenic Inattate-VIVO" fn 1987 afer years of delibers tion by expert in the ld that Been or is being Introduced by publisher lever the worl. The diferences beeen oder systems taping and that ofthe YIVO are noe grat "ida writen and read from right wo let. Books and new ‘mper therelave egin "atthe back” trom the English point of Tider Paragraphs are indented on the right. Page are numbered “fuckyards” But numbers and ther mathemati expretons re inthe order whichis ued in nngsages writen inthe Roman diphabet “There ae no capita ewes in ave fil forme, a ndated below. Te should be pointed out that «wo ewental stems underie iis spelling sues. One part of the vocabulary pelle lees ‘ately “phonetically,” cach sound being denoted by one etter or ‘bination of leer. Another prt of the voeabulay, whic sot Hebrew derivation, retains wadlilonal sling which must be ‘memorae!indvidally in each cae The 22 bac leer of the Jewish (Hebrew) alphabet are used ln Yiddih To smelters dieriial marks ar added. Following ‘Sa able liting the letrs ofthe Vid alphabet, hee mame tnd thei wound equivalents fe special problems are taken up ‘elow A sample of Yds writing appears on. 36 mn the writen forms of eter which require two sokes ofthe pe, the righthand stroke isexecated is Tih le oit¥1V0 (= VO It Jvith Remar. ‘atu an yi yng Best pling, New Yo, 1 3 ine Tatnr tp ager neo the Saad eh ‘rast ew an Smif he Implement ot Sunda Sata omar a pe ish, Cerein Jeter, however, a* ros |e nl Spo" |e fs ps 3/5 | 8 |e He 15 |e mapa steer | ale |B fs 512 1 S| T Lemmpeonnan iSery, isms leer el artes ple (oer |e tye |e |e ol epee pe pace, roach rte fa fs 31S | 3 loam Tear spe foam fc - - HT hormem om af ecole a tenes io ml lanes tle |e |g ie a . he % a) + | a s fate 2 Tinie A rm | |e tlm | R [3 riz 18 |¢ tle je fs rie |e [3 ale} 8 [a “Tie Auruaner 2 Pinal Forme Five of the leters have nal forms, which are uted whenever he letters appear atthe end of « word ret — abe — ab arp — uw — poms a — ID — Be — yon — Combination of Letters 1 two roe Inde [¥] 1 say ain Sindee (8 1b ler shin indent [rh ‘The combination fry] writen (av) —m for] ="9 [ov] = (On the other hand, at» rle rendered by the sage leer Letters with Two Powtble Sound Equialents + may denote either the vowel [1] the contonant [y]. Between ‘wo comonants, fala denotes the Ye [i 2 [om] own [room] lore orate another vowel,» repretens the comonast © bo} ‘pany (tex) sare [rvana] Is the combination {vowels} or (o-vowel) (i) spelled Param (exaust) pry eu) grb fren) re (on) 3 "denote [Hor [La the case maybe: Before the wound is say he gb (2). ‘yop [eon] free) 8 ( (es) yapyh (Laces) ‘> [La] reine axon) "The Silent Later “The silent eter m(ctumer aif) x writen atthe beginning ‘ot words bore the wes and diphthongs + (onfov »[H(% > bs armen [ocean pavers [exer] ye for] ‘ure (evan) “pe (een) Tin eecpip an oer platens, sere mtn ing smc tings PHP, po ay emCoussoe You 1f the second part of «compound word begins with an x the lecer appears in the mide of the compound: Yo [axvy, bot prraeas rsnevsor] which compared ot par as, Avoiding Ambiguous Yand 1 ‘To avoid ambiguity, the combination: a ieplled ae (ena vustnagelled pangs [ervey] or isspelled my appa ene) (@oe vor issingly om pam (vores) + More than One Letier forthe Same Sound ‘The sptabet i: [M] 3 ory BM ono 5c Moos @ > Moe wn @ => bon In words which are spelled scoring tothe phonetic system, the eaers which correspond to thse sounds are always [= [ah] — >.) —p. (]— band i] — 0. In words of Hebrew derivation, which are spelled scoring {he traditional stem, the correct speling foreach of thee sounds sua be memarle, just an Tearing Engl one must memorae the variant spellings of the sound plied (sini) fri “cull”, ph (sin “phone’). or gh (ein ugh) Other Characerates of Tradtional Spelling In adon othe fac that the proper leer must be choten fr the above fou sounds, words which ae spelled according to the tradionl aye are characterized by the ocasionl abence ot TLE teins fo manent ting, he tng 10 any ped el peed my lt gtd ap noo teh pee “Toe Atrnaner » ‘sbeton of vowee# and by the ocurence of he end of ede ‘ne (00) my [sons] mvp [waves] nan (khaves] ye [Rh] Preliminary Bxerelae 1, Write the following words in Yidih Iter, according to 1 phone ytem: 1) oh zath tah cohen awh sou nichex row sa see uch se oe oxo Mn aR SARPY BAR HHP hin Gow come atm are tre shor fT 1) a yee vor ee van ahoRNA. cana Mea Rhorth Darroaw Bom REVEL RAYA AZO'Y PROVEN HhOWN GENET over Fave cHvLoveN Rava PRaNEaArR, ©) YAAK YOON YORNUNOIET YUNG YEBER oAZANEMYE APE rmmtve WEN OBbMIN nULe'r Liew else #nL ab Lie Sven Le Larue 8) ova overnaLvr Uwren WAVE UMETUMC IMC Yo) HE VENER IP ©) vuh nw vce vince vu Wen RUM TVARE 2 White the sentenes ofthe exerci given on pp 2524, Bear in mind that saxh (example 10) i spell oscording to the onal stem: likewise, warowe (example 1) a spelle mano. (xample 19) apeled rm di atin aoe“ pT ew ae 2 See [seal oma : = onl : 2 on B = o ae) ae ba season 7] Prat pawn ton fee worlLESSON 1 pay? pry syUyt ye nT phe aw aon Tn othe PT Nb PAVE wT ya TT TH JPME TH SG I PRENIIC TYE PPD THe TENTED he Bhen gem pm ghee ely 6 yD Mra I esae yopurInwe oP HP Ts WPS BSN PI exyeaye per yryrag pe pth Ye ya BEIM PAT Ta see DEN wep IN TERRE EPINAE TM FRY SMEG I TRENEND LOTEYT EONS Py TBeEE EPIINK NP TE Te yD GM pPEPIO NK Te. TPS BPR Te PPRIEW THC wD Ta eY TY TIN ery ee FIN TV WYP PB Pe eae Pw eT ne Py epIINWE err pT eg pe No a ayy ye many, much (seh) pv © ane ‘Atsca 3p sho, too Tt Argentina EI Awan poem “he (neti) 8 on (preposition; the ominine) + wsualy pronounced (ar) the (mataline) 99 sod pe ‘hineen ‘Ais ym > have BA lover “gam tod ea + : all thom © live pam vey som Jen rms Vidas Jewish wor © other) FR + amon a one Jewish yor Sve coin Fa + cents EE Mexico sere ‘Cenada rae? ere continents RDF English oy snk ron seve ngule) pr « Spanish woe uniter apa gigs rar + Ueda ao + wore pede by anc apt thee vy it They sits te earl wheat nt they be aye a ‘om fener ide sion punaon. Wor wien mite sean mae wa and wow hey rr ey wl be “Tene mee ee im hk dw ere ing ne GRAMMAR, 1 Artie and Gender ‘wen ga language She & « country ‘The indefinite snide is I he following word begin with 2 vowel he arid tame te an even “The definite article inthe singular i ether yt vy oF Words with which 999 fe wid are maseline Word with which oy is wed ate feminine: red oe {In the plural, no datncion is made between the gender. The eine article we nthe plural always Togo murynes the United Sates2 Counce Ysa ‘Nouns denoting males ae waally macln; thot indicating females are feminine. The gender of nous which denote ianinate ‘objets cannot be iniered wth etainty ter from the form oF the meaning ofthe word. The coret Atle mt therfore be ‘memorized with each new 100. 2. Word Order ‘A word or group of words performing together # yntcticl function in 2 sentence is called a sentence unt Here a two ser tence divided nto sentence uni e701 18.779 | EM | wet La gow verge efor | | we “The mjc sone kind of sentence Unit. In sentence (1) above, faieaingle words p,m sentence 2) ies prop of word that ‘onntte the subjecesyym 9p Other sentence nae ‘The verb goss. 39) “The pete noun gpm PENT Te Prue “The det of inde object ome) ‘The adver of adverbial phate of te nam or of place or of manner “The preposional phrase of tine of place Qe ReIRE 7 1 “The following sentences ate divided Into unis. Observe which mit comes fst sd whieh second errs ve | wr |e were regen ona | wr | aes Mew Ge wel rer ne| orm | or woven tw bonaey | ts | ereees warn” HE wan Darr |r | me | ares Te OF smn wera] mm or erm [re | ron fas we ee 8) In sentence (8) the Get unt isthe subject Tro po in vntence (4), te prepositional pirate (Of place)! pga TH in (8), the adverb (Of tine): sn in (@. the priate noun ith its modiers: cwpesps perm rte in (7, the subject Sabena TH asl (0), the der abject! vm and in aso s he prepositional phrase (of plas): gray 3B 8 Bu in ery entence the wcond nit the very this the base Tale for ‘oral Yih word order “The ver ie olowed by other units Since the verb athe second unig no more than one other uni cen precede nie and ave arked 8 nomnit word nthe woeabulay. "Ward order i dicused in gener detail on pp. 10D. 8. Direct Questions pour + which ingulr) pean + wbich (plural) "yom « how many how mach tithe “These words are noe wea 8 Sentence units. ‘Acqustion requiring an anawer of yer" or "no" ally Beinn with the word om which is» sentence Ut 9) my [17 [01 °F Do Jews ive in A? (Yes) Another ey oak thir sort of question ito change the Intona- tion while retaining the word order of the sentence rv 0 tt Do Jews ive in Ai? EXERCISES [A Aner in Vieish the following quetons about the reading pisiage on page 3, using complete sentences "NeeSD pop TH IM Te Se 2 Me NI ML “yoer 4 meeoe op He MT TOY Mw VENTS em Pm Ths MSEE Ma 8 9p FTN PY A Tw eyTENE MCE TEND PP I OT To TENOE TEPID 9 1B. Makeup question with the following phrase Seon ns 9a PIER TA : rm se 2 bres Soe awee sip Rican Hk wee ne gemCCoutsee Yow Droid writen Yiddih swe to the queons which you ‘have made up. z aT Whats heigl oh loving word? ace he de ‘nite article: cf. p. $1, Grammar 1) . area A spon a coh a ame Lat Sen geil nae in Yi, . Thane dhe folowing sentences nto Yih, carly bere ing the rls for word order Words in Jae be mite 1. New York nin the Unie Sates Pili ao in the United Stu 8. New Yor, Boron an Pilar hina in the United Secs Chicago ns Jens ener On lon Jv en te Uae! Sane Ds {oil Jews Lin Angle. Many Jom Ie aaa 8. Many Jews also live in Mexico. Thee ae thirteen milion Jew inthe wrk (=Jens ae yi of {hte illo) 10. The Joe leo al emo snd ‘in many couric 1 Very may Joven the United States Ze Yeih 1 te Mere] Jon ope ia and YIDDISH AS A KEY TO JEWISH LIFE “The Jew rele to Yds ee youo orth, edn mothe tongue. Yih actualy the mother tongue ote Jory of Jew the weld over or son a thom yeu tat ‘en the Langage ofthe lage nd mon eve brad of te Jew people, While serving tte veal of illo Jews keane o expe heir fen and hops folk sony and inca fray hat been enced by higeemodonal ofc sth Henguge of naruction inthe Law i hs come capable of pea Ineltul soy, cae A comidrable iterate, not meena religous in caracte, ‘xsted simon from the begining: inthe scent centery is ‘ely eratre each tp the one hundred ee Yi sh utr wen ough new per of renal cna te that today Wan expen Of wide rage often fe {Secualvalo in’ Jui ors une beer Even aglnce a Vide im revels he stats of Yidsh a2 secird of Jewih Natory. Take for intane, the common exper ‘Sony wah" ayn to Reve no end of trouble (teal, te hove sing an fy). Ie dates ack othe Middle Ages when srondering toubndours sang and aid (recited) thet hel ele "The more invelved tv dramatic sn adventure, he beter it ‘ited tes storys and to suggest then that someone would be “sing ing and talking” aboot an event wat to deeribe i exciting nature "There a Ydih pre: OWS NR WIPE BM HE BD ‘veh if he sould be burned and Yosted. This an allusion Yo the rater ofthe Inguiton fate Middle Age. eis an ape dsrp> Shon of fm wil fo renat even this Rind of torture "hcuriousexpenion for "the olden dys" a o9PHPSED "Ho the yor of King Sobieski Tia refer to 3 Plish king of the seve: teenth century, Among his achievement were his campaign agaist the Turks and the later, to, appear in Yidalsh ior PSE WOM forse wok means fo pay someone ¢ dit trick, but Iealy 0 treat someone tm he Purkih manner. The snd experince of the {ewe withthe Tatar long onder Turis control, i mizrred hare “Te traditional Jewith way of ie rected in Yiddish sis and:metaphors. sai tp nee 178. 10 cary saw to Bye the Vidch equivalent of "earring cls to Newentle” The veler ‘nce is Bilin. What could be ore ules than earying sa to ‘ype where was ase bythe Jews when they had to make bricks for Pharaoh? «mrp oh 9 archos Korah refers wo the Talmudic legend about the wety Levite Kors reve veno'an'v] heres the prof itm of speech taken over ino Yiddish fom ‘he Talmud, The adjective peys'y means common, mean; itis erved fom yph eth and connotes the routine ofthe working ‘iy as contra with the holinen ofthe Sabbath. Such examplet ‘ould te mullpiod without end ‘Not ony does Yiddlih reflect Jew if, but thas alo been an ‘sential ietument in shaping Jewah clr. The high moral pre ‘ep of the Jewish religion might have remained in the books of In the mind of the scholar {they had not been expounded by the popular precher (@rrs [ected tothe people fm Viddsh In [nerpeeting quotations fom the Law, the magidi rated 2 pop eres) sfweath) Sra) omen36 ‘coutsce Yow ainainanianduaneaatsiiainininnsiie ener nh srr grrr ny ails oped) poe sale penance Sete miettaar sectors snap vr cen gosto te Se Sa a Te ae he ity br omen Seen a eee rere AR race obs Se a whee a cover the world. = The nem YE roves ad se neni nd ied inte eran tga! pe yorsv Be 1d 745 & yosts fae fh yserGausp v5 Say a jas [KSSH] BOKI"K | ETN nneediorran ier Aen ih Wig LESSON 2 pry? yore Base Pe ETDS TR WT WT noha 9 posh 3 p27) oN Tk DO MH DAME TT Sys Joon np Bw WAS YY VT STE re Tey AN Spent pays arNeiA oT ANAM ye yoND IT! Ty sebgn 7 px |e TH sy ery Pp BY aw oy Teen BMX NEY ET Sper pon Ben Ty Bp Pw BED TY EP WE EY Sn BS Ry) Ib yes 8 ‘ryegee pep MERE THE PAM TFET, ye 8, spBENY FB wen ya TTS Te 8 a TRE, TW Te tio Ss TG 1H feymy poms ANB EN PE TEAR PEPNTWE TTT, “Ber Bayt try Sion ne veh sym we ABP bOI AE PE, spn eT sayy pore 8 oT DI pT MR BUEN ALY sre BK BETTE PH AWW PT BART PME BM gry pesden sng apaew rast payee 1 rigors pw gan tm Hb oor phy THN BN Spry VT BSB OATES CTS ST TT, srbm @ eaybeny 170 INP MEY TIM PBDI TT. an BT BY VBP HA Py AEM BIT PTET Ba Pas 77 PARE FEN pe essay rye we pepe MM. BBE ETSI Soenen pe dawns Sry Pe BMAD TT Ty PTA Peyrayn” (Coutsoe Youn “raph pre THC TTY Dapp WHwe EEN WON, penne W Bagh EIN TTD We AY Dae WP PN TWP PY cinee yee peo WEIW Te MR BT, ThA ee PNW THT VOCABULARY Ire (esmocs} wren but however (not sem 538 © (Ge) readsaayey © ence unt) (hey) rend payr> (oot nentence uni) y+ (be) tama waienpt erge * ater lhe [overs] vr © (Chey) lear, wey po p99 alphaber) teacher 91+" (Pronounced fen) se only 38+ im ow not 8+ International egret ‘here not a FB © ‘ow ore * there ate not ye Salen ow sa big. lange, grest om. (Ge) answers eyseay * ‘ete B+ hey) answer PIES oreis ere penyne Hebrew e979 purl oe) sotebook 3698 = * he) ahs rare ‘Glut: ty second adjective) woe + Pees ny, not any Pp + (be) knows wom # can om "93 + (they) now Yeon tie all pap © ‘whol © (they) know (language) 299 * (pra of en se) RETA peer aeea caret (he) syn oa © (be) te tame © ee an acdbourd pgs 9 = smax'sname (Ye [ors ne “duh equivalent of Joos) Lamon 2 ” ‘QUESTIONS 97 PTH EE TN 2 MTF ON UT Te Te apn 5 Ty OS Bm 4 THR VT BIW OT Be Sh anos om 7 tore ap aoe ws BEE Mo Spree (TE BEM FS MEN GoM x8 TW seem rae ppp uP) FH GRAMMAR 1. Adjectives rn big te smal “Thi, he shortest form ofthe adjcive, is called ts bate form. ‘yo ayorny wT the big Blackboard regs ov the big ty si 3B BET the Big country “a ama big country When an adjective is wed before noun, atin the above ex amples endingy ave added to the haw form acrerding tothe gene Terer ce noun, With masculine noune the ending fe py with eminine nouns i 34 wih Newer noun the adjective has the Coding, p when preeded bythe defile atc, but no ending shen preecded by the indefinite atic nthe paral, the ending of the adjective 9 for al gender, whether weed withthe atee or without: ham yovns “tthe big counres Sprmy yoru) bi countries Inthe vocabulary, adjectives are listed in thee base form, 0. ‘A noun with the ate an adjective o ajetves that precede ‘in thon eda the direct objet of = verb alway in the cas tive ee Te noun has the sme form inthe accusative a fn the "The ate alo have the same frm in the accusative, exept forthe masculine singular ofthe definite artic, where the nomins tive 97 lepine i the accaaive by‘The adjective, to, has the me forms inthe accusative a in the nominative, Hut inthe masculine singular the ominative end Inge replaced depending on the Int wound ofthe ba by po the Bae en ina vowel, dipong, or im boa Bp apt the Bae en in fy by inal other es sy ond a9) — 1 ago ce apr oo — mene asp ayo yor oT — MHO yOTY wT “The adjenive sa ian exception: fa orm nthe mucne wo 9p) 0 — Me 829 WT [ARTICLE AND ADJECTIVE ENDINGS —— tat mom 13, Negative Arie ‘HED wen gor oye bs a notbook tfsn 9 9 og “UT? 7 The teacher has no notebook Ina negative tatemen, the indeinte atcle or WW © placed by the neutiveartileyps Unite & the neptve arte 1p Is alo used in the plural where no article i weed fm atemative (tog wm DMN “The stents write with pest rp ou 89 aM ovuMn oy The student do not write with outa pens Inthe st examplen, rp oecurred in a prepositional pate. an sh appear in the predate, Fr instance: ‘yanp g ra gar” Yoysel iva stadt cvoon ry a1 ra qer Yopsel i not a student rrp nally replcer gin every setence uit of a negative seaement except the mubjee, whic tetuine y (provided is at the beginning of senenc) Taal Wt We pons 38 HP 1) the ponndain sem ‘romn pp wa MH wTeT A teacher Is noe student rrp alo velar yin the phrase yp & much eM: ete peo 9 ee wees 44 Third Person "The ening of mos veri in dhe tid pon dgular of he presen eme's So An exception, n whic there sno B— ending Fhe single, app be knows (e language) Inthe third person plural the singular ending is replaced rue by to but by p= ite base of the ver ends i je we am ne on ames ame me ae aT Ao po ae ean “The endings ofthe shied penion poral ae dlsused in greater ail on 38 5. The Adverb “9 yom ew “The aver yey very precedes the Sndefnite article but fol tow the dni article EXERCISES A. Wherever necenary, supply the proper adjective ending: Creme sep v1 Sas oY 2S OT pop oes ayes eye ee A Pro ps ip #9 ry 8 OTT Shan moog nm mea ren Toma ep Py OFS haw TL fap aos ey aT aE 2B, Make up question with the fllowing phrase: Site 448 0 oye ols gnc bihewrndanes tain aes sealsmeme 7 4 toe Pe 5 . Provide writen anawers tothe quetions which you have made Es . Make negative uatements out of the following: ror 2 Srey # #7 Pe DEP 2 20 EBT) ine oS ate pan areon veg Meare Poon yt 7 snp ot SSW NPY eT I BO Putep 2p 8 tun pra cane op a oom 6 oo oa SgeTwH yor BED NN wT eI BPM EM AO {poem PRET TH ID UNA pow aFY Ea ABN wT 2 [Brvaie Ben WY 297 IS ABE BBN PD ‘Srahn er yh Fs . Tramlate the following ventences nto Yin. Word in [are to be emited, 1.-The teacher has new student 2. He hat no good st ent 8Tn Irae the} Jews speak Hebrew, but very many Jers tow and speak Yiddah, 4. Yoyet teas and wes Yiddish 5 Yd nena new language 6 Canada a ‘very lage coun. 7. tn Chicago there ave many Jers. 8.1 Australia there ate not many Jews 9. The teacher knows ‘Yiddish and English, but he ocr not know Spanish 10 “The sent doesnot Know where the teacher fe I. Te teacher hat avery large cls. 12. Tre isn la oy 1S. The teacher ak the new student’ I. "How many st dents are there im the cn today?” 18. Yyset anes 16 "Today there are tery many students” 17. The other dents sho anwar 8, Only to stant peak Yiddish 19. They wrt or read he language 20, The teacher writes twits dalton he Ulcthoerd te wh «pen ina netshct, Lamon 2 « DIALECTS AND THE STANDARD LANGUAGE Spoken Yiddish cn be roughly danied into four main die vec (Q) “Lithsania” Vidas, spoken in Lithuan and preWorld War If norhesern Poland, (@) “Ukrainian” Vidi, apoken in the Ulzaoe, ease ‘Galle, Rumania ana pre World War I youthentern Poland: (@) "Polish Yiddish spoken inthe area betwen the German Polit oer of 1993 andthe bain of he ners Vila and Sn ({) Wenern Yiddth,werward ofthe German-Polish frontier of 1988 ‘On a purely geographical basi, thee Yiddish dle are de ignated rapectivay a (0) northeastern, (2) southeastern, () co Tat and (4) western, A prion speaking the nrtheser dake is ‘enmonl) called liek Someone from Calin, speaking the south ‘anerm or central dials, soften relerred to at guliyone. White Raia, oo re uring the reat migatons tat ok pat around the end of soe tnd ging f the 2h centre, Ire numbers of lve mpd to ovens cui whe population sie nk "iSiuenscn Europe le In that pid many speakers Reset de were verily dated. ann ovens oun expel,» good deal of det mie ot“The most marked diference between the dialects let in the ove Tor inne the words Sr one day re premncel n or tral Yih ae fon Tech in sorhester Vida, 0m Yoo i ‘outheatem Vide, (ee Uc) In adton, northeaters Vd foes nos ding hetween long and short rowel With respec 0 ocabulary and grammar, the dnl difer bat alight ‘Asin any other language, standards have evolved in voeabulay, ammatial frm, and pronunciation wich do net fellow dialect Soundaries and are wed in cultured writing a ‘Sandard forme were determined sometimes by the wage ofthe snsjriy, sometimes bythe preigeatached to a partclar author ly. At lr at sounds are conernd, the standard language resem ‘les most cewy the northeastern alee. Thy ia standard ide Sa Saye raed fins of grammar, on the other hand, the standard Inguage i Eloi tothe central isle, For example, she neuter gender of ‘oun Uke "ee ys the country has been adopted by the sand td language fom te cee and vouhentern dialects LESSON 5 vary eT Bas TPT AN PRATT TN 3 1H JOO Te 8 MEY PREINETION Ne MK PTD poet Fyn se 8 SST HME PB EAS DT PT Seow atm oes shy BT AN TEA NB SPUN ABIES IT IE AP YSRE AT spy agp “yeynen TH WME MP ap Seon se BITS Sma Ne ORT PORREP WERK IO 8 DIT MT TMB MY MEE TH 1371 TH EME tay oyna 7 pe amy yep a tha pra pom Pe fe WIN Pn TON OT PH TPT anes ye SEpTWB Mn 99 panes yer Te Ipanesy ne Eo PAN? PX ERE PTMETWE I {Do epee anaes peta fy age 8 OS TT eT pn pe Baw stows spose w PH VE IT BIN 8 PP Saray yh pe age EER Waa pee ve 8 Mm TENT SE TSE TOTS TA MT a DN eeny ThA BME AP NE NBME AyD AyD OM HK PU DPW EP ‘VOCABULARY seretep op or + Tallin) ayheo T goes vatkeges © immigrant) reese Pt ae publihed ove pa. iterations SEAPERIEN Grek ¢y you op eoumopolitan There oot Tneeretng YRS + three or shan =) aPC out pr) 1 OFT Soe gm «OT Seow apapt © brother (a) FBTfiat vow * shout i+ pork @ pun ot {hing ms + elk ED + en owt dierent (paral) 3prWe + same pat © Together UME = Ary o9e) 385 707 + newspaper (9) 2NoEE M+ everyday 32 3m * Manes aoip © _boliday(yowTEY) Sa-B® 978 © child cgy peers Chine () 9OTD FT school gh 9a 71+ near to soot yw re ‘ones they 8 * yy poe) oyse vr + man prion @) BOIS "WT + eautfa godoking pow + man'rmame Vid-[uovshe] 72m + ‘Spaniard Co) sponse “py dh equtsalent of Moss) cs for prngey om PE * Movies oreo ‘sak fn the afternoon 390 61 * plays pn ae © Nego ©) ‘QUESTIONS wah rye ne 2 pe Mu ET a Mo paeeTs DE eB Whe DEN FF MEAN DT ene en ooo 3 TT RAE ENN ENED pater peo bn 8 pens YO way A TE panne yorre 9 SE Be BPN 9 WT NON TS Sorby Eve EL em OT BNET TTY BI IO roe pn 18 Ppp vpn aw 2 te BM aN "Sap oreo om be TORN Tw Ik WB BT NK TE Top mnie pawn as PIM“ oRAMAR 1. Phoral of Noune rwenre own ee we Sonnet Toe — ras “There ate wre gps of plural Soman 0 Yih; Te Ehime frm ot the oun or fom is gender, Therefore {Eres cning tia parentheses fe uch noun that cline voculry and ast be memoriaed wit the noun or este oferenation, the endings ofthe ploral ha car In Yih our ae ted: Ending = of reo — m0 vie) — oe pangs — anes pray — way Ending 0 99 os — be Scene Ending 3p» anda age ne owe oun — Ee soress — rs No ending wm yet — UPI No ending, but «change in the vowel ae — an yan — Be Ending y— oF 1-1 yur — ar Ending a somesimes with » silt of srew ora change of errmmn — mn [rx ten-sanser en] paar swan froxrey—rowe™d)Ending rm (8 ie — nip ferme—eens) ihe noun endsin Boaters oped beer the pra Ne the aon of Ime ~ mit or-ovevs] 2. Dave Paes ena ee rinegy ne res wn By Tt 19 os Bo 1 Yiddah erry preposition requires the dative. “The noun inthe dative has the we fom a in the nominative sand inthe accsatv; i the nile andthe adjective tha ae Ice 7 eit te and bei ne a ne masculine, ‘9— 97 in he feminine, apn in the newt, 7 in the paral Inthe meter nde, the djcve har no coding ARTICLE AND ADJECTIVE EWDINGS 71, immediatly following preporition, i mull ed with he peporition ito one word Law 8 ” 4 Ue of uo sous 1 rrseen W210 People go for walk inthe park sors su "7 gar? (yb The Yih nevopaper i read tye isan impersonal pronoun which means one, People, they ‘onda is bet fendered in English by he passive. tabs the third person snguar ofthe ver. EXERCISES [A Put the following phrases in the aceuatie and then in the “sypahn 9772 ee poor aeN Ta PTE ENE Joes ae 3oe 5 3S RN BT A Pe S70 a3 go ogy 9 aap yoy BT 2 NN Der ad sae) php vata eran Spovny BY AL aya He Sie peep supe Pow lM 3B EPP B, Rewrite the folowing sentences in the plural fem aay pw 2 puso a pa BEIT TTT Ton er Ske wR EMC EP 3 AP Tp Bs aM Ter cog) syn atm aps apr smn oy S 19 BT ‘Sree oma say a a aFT eT yn BM KI ieee sae van Te) oe eer wT TY ‘Si Bap “pS TH . Replace de dashes bythe proper atl and adjective ending: ‘nberver pole, te contractions of pepositions with 5% a yw enn yn 2 op —om om RIT Om ED bon Tn 84 aye es x pe eae MeN aA To oo 7 6 Ap aw HORT Ty S SBE NET fia? —apnen € Ta ate ys Fae OT Si 9 poen op 9h ao SA TIMP oP A Soe ne WD Te Flo TpaNaNE om 7 Ew BE ED ap ery 7 ne San Le —arwn Pp Ba Ba 3 Sh aa yeap ae wpe TI a Seen OTT ex pm up 1 ne er AP BEM POP Sp rw seen os pees Tahn ep Ie pate oon 239 1 Ba0 ‘cousse Yeo D. Translate the following sentences nto Vids, wing we asthe subject 1. One doesnot peak abou thee things. 2, Nobody knows where Yonel snow. 8. They come and go together ver hy. ne docs not live in school: ne only sien ther. 5. People write ona backbonrd with chalk 6, Papert ire wold thre 7 One aos the teacher what one doe not Know 8 In Viddsh one a) "Yojse” and one writes mo. 4" ees houe lived in? 10. Are people een there? IT at known E, Tranlte the follwing wentnees into Vii 1. Theehilren ae playing near the bowie. 2 They ee che lange path on the sume sect. Yoyet goes for 3 walkin {ie} fark rd pls tere Inthe park there are many [people 5 Today fe holiday apd beni day. 6 Ins park people go for wh, read the paper o play with the hilen 7. Tis mani sen every ay. 8. But he Joes ot Dy with he chien ®- He doer no ead paper. 10. He ocr not speak to (ith) people 1. The man sake thre the park Ba he oe a eer. Tn the flr ‘oom the Jewish hidren goto achool 13. Yoye ee many Aierent thing. 14. Jew vein many ce in the United ‘States but notin il es 18. Moye ses this ld neat the sme house everyday. 18. He lives om the Bt of See fond sree 17. Yonet hat two Brothers 18. He har big Sind Ite brother. 9, The brothers are not ude 20. (Only Yor ies student now. gn pe ox: whe in Ges Lai sited ck tat oo avn ngunges ein o gah the complex devon gute spree. The why ngs ‘peat Madi a fsee Inge in i ina pid (upto the fm centr), Yh wa the spech ed by tne Jens ho had come rom Romane speaking ead deed tego ofthe mie sed upper ne {Tsp arg patos ote vrs of Geman. Ast um: terol Heber od Arana wore which he ben wed by he Jews ven efor they wet in the Roeland came part and Jere tthe lngunge which was evolving. From the very Pegi ig mi orgrtc any er om he Hom ees (OM French, Old lin) wtih the Jevith ste peers Sei. some Romnce wrde hae uve in Yih to pare fovea which wes formery “yen deed fom 2 Rotanct word which gos Back (0 Latin Teee” “The Cormani stock of mors bell was fected by a peat niggling at dames tom diferent German ines, Ti, Old Tisatsnd maievl Gorman carty parted ways wo Separate cae fomenint hice Savi cement rom Ciech, Poi Drei, Sea Ruatan were ako intoduced ino the ngage. To ote oo empl wey although and E30,» word denoting sis re deried tem Savi ‘cho and ‘nebahn! respecte ‘Lange numbes of new words were created from older Yeh root Sgnanr inden, fr nwance, wan emurced fm TM to See rea rena slide rade compoed of 17 lide SEP Sin consvecr morality 2 word fsloned fom ice to de puree buterfy i a modern Viih reson de- Eom oe fo fat Compounds the Sr [Orie hove] orl caly or east" behaior plier ae mie ylbda of le words jun a their English equaens In he Thuan uh centuries vali was abo envied by many ine ANG words of Grek and Latin orgl, cx. So%E7O8 Py “halogen telephone and 0 one New words wee a i trode ram various moder language ‘Onnay sentences in Vids, ot 8 in Eg, sully contain sondrof gute diferent derivation, The flowing sentence ira ase in pint yon wr ea ews yn ve om. “Gentlemen, we sal ny the Bling.” Grandfather sys sma feaovsey] gentlemen isa form of aes rived fom Hebrew, Originally ie meane my masters ‘yo we ib of Germani origin, But i 6 not found in siden standard German Pr hal siniarly, of German origin, but not found i ‘GermanPs Couree Yow tena sy the Bleing goes ack wltimatly to Latin “ened ‘oy Say derive trom medieval German ge: 2 thei trom tndiral Gorman ‘der lather i derived ron aol Slav form he apne of modem Yih of coun of ine, mainly int historical sty of language and culture, In ordinary ‘age, deviation rarely determine the cole of word. LESSON 4 apy pope DoT Te BRET OT ay Meme pe 8D EM METAB MT EME aH ote mn 8 Spray oe awn SNP PY BS EMT NS fer oy Son pave oh By? eve AMON APEEHE 8 TH famou Yoh write shen + cc tated vowel er diphtong, he ending or he it and tid sar name (tov ane + totem enon paral fp endo (dd equtaten of ca pot ale Se eh gh a ar ca Bar Sie wires) on ‘om re a sr 9 Me to ne yen me) pov ore Ee Bee a oe pa I ae Feb nw fn «st to aloe oe aur "ln A an aa pepper pone pow pemore | aT ae Ith stem ofthe verb end in p_n ending aed he ov 2.9m B97 Tw arm ayn 2 MeETOE BM tnd pron single © te econd pesto pur ‘ms mabe om ogy 3 Toes Tm A MY eS Piney ea meray ene Peer ea oe ech ens into the ending forthe wend SEs a ean Fo NP Mahe aT oN 9 Pe aha he etch ni en 3 roan Si ee 2 pe ORE oe ST son gular pty : vere von TH* Cousce Ys ‘The present tense in Vion covers the mesning of both the simple. present and the propresive form of English the Engh ‘eaulatan it determined bythe context wer read: tam reding 3. yea-Form yaa wa Te MEW OM ra ep wo 1 — Pa 1 the subject of sentence iy you, and i comes after the verb then th eral ending i used with tint the ending 1a>— ‘4 Dectenslon of Namen iile common nouns do not have cae endings, a cae ending leaded in the secutive and dative fo name of peony, both ‘masculine and feminine. The ending i oy f replaced by = ‘the name ends im Bj syllabic Sy or a tened vowel Downarre TMC rom ON wT Ta Te AID neccsaTE ‘prow 1 00 oe ave BOULTON FN EDT Te “The noun yeeo 19 fether, although not a mame, also as ce ending sonmare sew 9 hoomamvevanive ewe a7 5. Inflection of "p28 ee wo PP a TN ayOH I I wo vuney ogT nemo POET WON TAY ODT I LTE wT oe ‘When preceded by the indefinite aril, ae other remaine uinteted in ll gender and exes ofthe singular. When preceded bya definite arti estate like an orinary adjective wo agree 1m case and gender wih the noun which it precedes. 1 the plural, iis always TR mine eh ene he rep ete ha tem. fo 6 Omining the Arce 1m certain idiomatic exeenion of pace, the definite xstonaiyomited Fr Insane: Save fin the wom ree ot inthe park ree 128) ear the park Shain aco, to schoo 2 1 om chook EXERCISES A. Conjugite the following verbs in the prevent tems, a follows ron owe Trae un eS KA ootow TRS OME TRA oT MT ae TRS aD 1. Rewrite the following entnes changing th singular ino the plural and whe plural nto the singular: ‘pr sonsh 3 ny ons HE wo PH EPR Drag app 21 9 97 Pa TRE aT Aw Te fon 74 TH 9 ST YS EENPTE WT 8 HB TTY Sepp n 10 a ore Se HE bey KS TNT ‘Sop 8 pth 12 sos oh oem LL TY EAT Spas apm nan yoy hn THRE TH HE DOH ON Ye ponme PRT 7a on ea 6 wD SBP DMR 8 (Replace the dases by the proper forms ofthe names given in patentee: ma pp yore 2. — ow ENTE TH TY TL Srap onyaieew) — oe a erraba m3 nah) “abe —— pee pe we mS eR) — we TH hee Seo ms 1 e427) — 0 oN 6 DY Prauey prs re 9 MeN) — Ne Ta oT an TH A PTS) Soe —— pen won oe IO ERS — TE= ‘coutsee Yo . In the folowing sentence, reps indent articles by defnite ai, and ad approprinte ending © 72m rp Ba Pm 2 SHOE AFM TH 8PM FMT Bere are ope We ON WF wT 3 TT See pe Srey Me EME SEITE TP We oor a tpn I We TH ESO Ty TD OOD Be 7 ee RED SD PO 9 OUTS 273 FOE BY a AFT IO E Tramlate the felling sentences into Vis. Healiaed words fn () atecxphnatoy 1. Are you (paral sling newspapers?’ 21 dott want i eat enough at home. §. We come fom another cy in ‘Canada 4. The brother and abner tady in New York, but the father ves in Philadephia: he alo works ther. 5. We ‘ead shout [George] Washington. © Today we read about ‘Washington [D.C] 7. Why don't you (ingulr) hnow (0 What your (ing) mane? (Chow are you calle?) 8. My name i Shloyme. 10. I see Moyshe and ‘Tay TH. Pople ny that the ctr is at home every aferoon (Cover day inthe ateroon, 12.1 a very interesting Krak. IS. 1 Enow it became 1 know Yiddhh alex. 1 What are you (sng) writing inthe notebook? 15. Tam ering about (he) faber 16.18 schol we study about Lines and Jelenon 17. Tee brother ces howe sone 1 Tam reading this very good story. 18. am going home gun. 20 Me. Sore Stein's daughter, Mis Ether Sti ming Home soon. 1. Mr. Stein a home seedy be- ‘ue he does ot work today. 22. Do you know what he ee 28 Te ald tht he ella books or newpaper YIDDISH COMPARED TO GERMAN “The amumption that Vidas i derived from German i a nae ‘SevieeO togiraty bee aieecat at om cere Eo ‘monkeys. Actaly, modem Yidish and modern German have = Cnmon ancestor inthe det of medival Germany, uta pres fotday man and ape may be sid tobe decened fom + common pretuman, presinian ancota. Laon so ‘When the Jew sted in Germany inthe 9h and sequent cent hey erste in thes newy sued spect, ow eee ee Ntrou wor f Hebrew and Romance deine ee hacd win he specie Jewish wey fie In the German Soma Jowth specs peal Began to

ag ae Toes oa «ween plese (erally: oo 0 B5 * ‘mal vogass | beso good) ‘by mall coast ans ame (shat) om # “lor gp 24° cries oe Ay opm tes + (ilerallyy a Jews 757 ner gyings (colloquy ae) aman, cious yea 3 Peon question ane boy cp) Sam orn owe The > © conjugation srasvagy vet ea «| Conjugates BF rated climate ques) BED aap aves ie isc ene * aie orm 8 heat) 0 © of ae at eae mines ort 2S se opr Gro GRAMMAR 2. Imperative The ringer of the imperative ental with the bse ofthe ae oun = a “The plural of the imperative formed by adding oo the singular The paral form i thus idncel withthe second person Plural of the present tense: xt — 381 he neatve formed simpy by ang ra ivy) Dont go na sentence containing 3m imperative, She verb may of cou, te the iat sentence ni 2p and Saas 1 4 9 ys wD Ei i the room Tiny eres gen Hei i Americ. mp tw a9 COD KC in Europe“ Conszer Yes “To reter to inonimate objet the pronoun yi ed in place of amaiculine noun and im place ofa feminine noun. 2p it ied in reference to inanimate objec only ithe implied noun is ofthe neuter gender. on sono m (2d fersom singular) seogna "or B24 (2nd ferson plural) noth example above, only one penton is beng advened, yet in theft ete singular Ht wed nthe seconds the plaral ‘Whenever alr frend or hid i poten tomomeone whom we ‘ould ordinarily cal by itor her St amee singular i wed (Gams addren)- When one i no on soc intimate term and Srould ordinarily cal the person Nir Mre, or Mist SoandS, the Pra i wed to show rspet(lormalades) Tn conlormity with chisrole, esq sy and. wa we, both meaning please, ae dilerentated Tn addrewing more than one penton, of cure, the plural i lays ed 4, Tite of Aaron. [2g 78 jo 8 en TAB 1779 YD GANA ww DET Jeoos wom ag gy BONA DDN Ow NS AN me In no oo formal spech, people frequently address each ote by the tle san [xhaven](macuine)and yorgn hve] (eminin) sepectvey, which mean lieally frend, The forma res wing the second person plural, employed in speaking to people addrened ae 33 ‘agen vows we ren wan mE “The ame tier ae aho sed i speaking about someone: rs way ee voNgN yw -aN 5. yap and ‘ay> ungn open Khaim's mother fing ‘ow fw op She ives im Chicago taph refers to “living” "being alive,” at opposed to “being end” ‘erm eles to “living somewer:" a: opposed 1 “living some whee eke" Ie is comparable to English "dwell Ov Wa BDH? Bowe 19 He his Ether ving? Yes. Where 6, Prevent Tense of 73 and 34 ‘Te conjgatons of y3 TW Fem and 361 7H F have in the Tperative: sgn — et EXERCISES A. Memorie the poem given in thi ewon. Ie is pare of wel Shown work by VL Perets, one ofthe greatest Yad wer Te wung toa time from Beahoren’ Ninth Symphony. 'B, Reel the contents ofthe poem ina pote paragraph of four or Submit the appropiate perionat pronoun for the subjet in cach of the following sentences Samm BT 3 ay Po poy 2 ME PP Ta ONT Dosa he gh ay St Yaw pT A ae Te Spr be yr Wen Meo TT PRIS TS S710 Say Pape pan Fw NEWS o7-9 a Bow BEN ire ph ae oo oe . Supply the proper forme of 1 Fe ayes tye — oon 8 ohn pone Sh ree one Se roe ro Spply ee prope forms of 36% sein — py 93 Heh — 12) — acy Ccoutser Yn 1s see re to "oho sons BRIO NTE Translate into Vid: 1. Don laugh, children 2. Listen (her), Dovid what thie white ching? .Tel (many) me. Me. pti, what You have sere Do you speak Yiddish, Hache 5.1 speak ‘idaih Berane he Language is spoken at home 0. Pleste me home, 7, Please send mee) the Book (@ @ strane ff). A Plne send me (ve) the book (lo Dovid. 8 (Come and eat with usram Bt. Gold. 10 Te Ns. Gold to coming son? 11, We havea new blackboard in schoo Tei inthe other soca, 12. Thave an interesting news per Ie in ey Yah, 18. The cy very big Te is few and eau, 1, Why are you ii Kinin? 15. We are living together Because we stay 10° tether. 6: Down’ Khaim have 2 busines? 17 No, we go {rth sme achool 18 Tae the woman every da. 18 She deme wock much. 20. How does she make living? (Grom what dcr she lve) 21 she has enough money rom her (othe) father. 22 she lives off (=tfom) shit ‘money. #8. "You ae 2 bad boy.” sys the mother 16 the ‘il 4.1 don't howe why you Ing (10 «stranger 28 In America tere are brown, yellow, blac, and white people ‘THE HEBREW COMPONENT IN YIDDISH ish incides words and piraes taken not only from the Hebrew ofthe ble, bu lo (tom later work many of wih ke the Talmud were writen ina ster language of Hebrew, Aramaic Ina precnefamulton, this component would thertore be called he HebrewAraale™ component. In all subsequent Hebrew lit ature; Hebrew and Aramate have become itertined and form tha I clled in Jewish eradiion Wve [tenhwxovonsh) sacred Tanguge, Presntday Hebrew contains « good deal of Arama ‘ron and forms. “On diferent levels f Yiddish speech and wing, he propetion ‘of Hebrew elements drs, sometimes exceeding 1 percent. "The frm and snening of many Hebrew words have changed and their ug is determined by Yiddish grammar and syle son 5 « [A great number of words derived from Hebrew are names, such ss bom [shai] or mb. fons. Many others denote objects and practi related to Jew religion and folly: Ponn (shane) marriage and noyens [sabe] BarMliiwe belong 1 this |roup. Many words areabetrac terms iii philowphieal and ‘moral concept such a RaW [EME] truth, MHF fev] adie, oF en (sons defect. But a great many words, wich at oye [aos] almon! or 79 [sho] hour, are day ule ordinary words Which ave ne religious or learned meaning In many group of Vids synonyms, particularly in verbs the word of Hebrew devivation has a move literary and nsec Mor than that of Germanic origin. PM" wo! [ows zxvn for ex ample. is mote formal than its synonym 399% to add. A similar Felton exis between 131 730) [HEWADER zor) and 4PM to Dromise, or between Intarsex earn) and poss fo interrupt ‘The pronuncintion of words of Hebrew derivation in Yih sometines wt conierale variance with tne called Sephardic po- unclation of Hebrew toed in Insel. Thub the word for vats (eplled ons) is pronounced. eshouss] in Yeddh and [heuahawo'y i modern etrew, There ae ich doublet in Yi dlih ae [aLe®}-{alan, Both spelled M99. The ft & am old Yidash word of Hebrew derivation ae sigies the cll read the Torah, The wecnd iss new boerowing from Palestinian He brew, and means inigration to Potetine/leae. Im great number of formations, elements of Hebrew deri tion have ben combined with non Hebrew peties and salfaes, oF Wie vena. Words of thi) type are BNE [aeons] af Teyee [shoe] fo cht, (FoEwWE [ransaMe] 0 poison. Yiddish hs abo exerced a reciprocal influence on modern Hebrew, For instance, the dininutve sui of Yiddah deivaton has become standard in Hebrew (n such word, fr example, 2 “Paan [waata] Daddy and HOR [Fats] Mommy). In keeping with taditon, mot Yih words of Hebrew ‘Aramaic origin retain their orignal spelling Inthe Soviet Union [poesreey'Pnyp yn] this speling was changed on ieolgial roundsLESSON 6. rary veo Jor TR? gone 1s. pew? eras 1022 D2 vege PEF PEF EHF TON ‘ree? ire eet | aera pew & Pe a og 2 — 72 ap = otpeps gt ems on — 3 = nb or Due Re — a yep ea pope By Pym wp a TI ane or te pe He eel ong i Lamon 6 « tage pens — 8 BD OpED EONS TO BT et PM oy Bye TeN 8 rumbqen ow ie eed pe no 1m well 10 welcome, to cong O vite ‘ulate fend a8 399 when hut Ope 7k things over oD RD Tee 789 EXERCISES ‘A. Tranlte into Yid {Today over half ofall Jews Ive in the United Sexes 2: "The won and the daughier Know Yih. 8. They know that many Jem speak Vidaih all countries. 4. We are ting fr yal ton, Bt td that tis newpaper i Inveresing 6 How does one sy "wo" in era. Vids? 7, What your name? («chil 8. What your name? (Govan adull) 9.1 am 3 home every afternoon (etry {ay inthe aernoon). 1 Plese, Me. Berg 1 Pine, Dovid. 12. The Jews are = people. 18. Many people in Ameria are Jews 1 Tee that you want something ese (Cnosher ing. 1.1, Divide the sentences in ine 110 of lesion 4 nto sentence tunis What ips of uns oxear? 2, What ithe principal rae of Yiddih word order? 5. When docs the subject come ater the verb? 4 Lie cn conjunctions which enay begin a lite bu ae not ‘nated a lee 5 When ean an adjective be a separate sentence unit? 6. Make up Sve pais fsentncs in which the enences within ach par ier only with regard to word order, . Mate up sentences containing the following pairs of word we 4 Trane Php 3 orn nw 2 eRe mn aps pes Masoes 7 Pe TS NPCcourer Voss oo sarees se ‘Se IT . Ghange the singular nouns int the plural and the plural nouns {uo the sngule: make the appropiate changes inthe ate. gma a pean raceme pin em on Ton ow oweh nee pe ope aon wT cheno wae he eT yo wo upon omer me oer owe TT Symon were AO no he a CConjugyte the following verbs in the present tense a ‘imperative: TRS ope RAS PEN. an Ts oy TK OTS ticle omited in Write ve sentences fn which the deine hve of place Supply the endings for he ates and adjcives wherever neo Sony wherever pole, we cntracios of prepositions with awn yom aw Op on 8 aen N 3 ES PE Sen opr fb rare oma 5 sn i ee Spot rs ean ae aa ea BIE Thee sno yu poor We Teo THT A ore Be 9 RR TIN! a 0 a She pag eT aN Ye AD TS MO Make negative statements 0 ofthe following sentences: stron o 8 N8 039) oy 2 ahp es FMD WT Jeb sore ae ebapD EoD TIDE NTS Te penn ya 7 aeimepeT Born 6 aN @ BN PH ON a 8 an 7H 8 av Ye SEED DB MS 73S) wes A Laon 6 a [REVIEW QUESTIONS Anower the following question in English: How lang bis Yih ben the vernal of he Jewish ope ‘What ae some itor contac ofthe Jor tat ae eed Ini om ‘What ave been sme of the infenes of Yih on the ‘haplng of Jovi ele? ‘What role an Yi played in yng ogee he Jews of ‘What ie standard Yio How did it eole? What are the four pencpal dates? ‘Why nave the dats been dicated teeta? Wat language elements consibuted to Ydash before fe remade pent foe? ‘When did Vidi originate? Where did it orga? ow can you account for the Romance elements in Yiddish [Name wo sourcr of enrichment of modern Yiddish in the 19th and 200 centuries Are all Yiddish word derived fom ther Ingunge? Does “a parentehild elaonship” accurately deeribe the felation between German and Yiddet Elaborate [Name thre factors in the development of Yiddih iade- ‘pendently ofthe German dials oes Vidsh difler from German in anything but its sound system? Do all modern German words sppest in Yidaki? Are there any Yiddish words of Germanie derivation which do wot can fa German? How has borrowing ftom modern German been infenced by Jew atts? What is dhe sgncance ofthe doublet yore /o7ept2 2 2%. ‘What i meant by “Hebrew Aramaic? {Hebrew wat not spoken language, how aid Hebrew sword ge into Vit? ‘What fs the maximum proportion of Yiddish words that ae a Hebrew origin? Iu every Hebrew word abo + Yiddih word? 1s every Vid word of Hebrew derivation tobe found in ‘modern Hebrew? Hie Vidaih had any influence on modern Hebrew? 1s the diference between simils words ln Yidih and Hebrew preset in meaning or in promunciaton? Why do Viush words of Hebrew derivation retain dhe gia spelig? Lesson 7 apy? veya cwEys TR PR Mw giro ove x worp AD ee awe pyrea gees theore oy syeyb rye we mms w STE TE yeh rm ae gree Br 7p OPE yo BUN TH NY Ne yr) FAA INC ARBED PH AA TT een PH pO THE NHN PH OHH B BET TH NT 23 yew Wr aw ye Ie Ne BOP ye TT "HEA ETT I BPD TTD TP! Bb 18 PR ON TY Be Bam ee pC EPS Te Tet pmaee JAN PNP ay SIA BP SP ABeee SEW MR SUSAN ESTE VED ip eyes eee To yw Hy SB Spayb WF WRANE BNE PK OPN DT WA og Ew ts TEP PT Ve I anes ie pIpRENNE Te BE ET epayn om yp oy Ae IM BM peo me DPS BP TM wpREa TT DT Ay eT TEU RH TE mT NN NETS ME Ay Ty 73 cemgny yey 9 he pay het were HT Sener Tae pa THE TTS OWE ADT TPE BET OPE ao =e so nee™ ‘cou.zce Yow TeHBENIINN THE JBIMBG PH The TEP 22772 TR BB TK BET EB vk Top BUTT WP WHT PE TUB tT oe BN Det DF IPE oS eRe ay WE YF eA 2 Re NNT DIT OY AED JeU A AEN ‘390 Te son ny 28 8 se VOCABULARY to become pa # ar @) som w+ Mould ur -y) Pe + university) eywONANI IT i om thee arope yore tractor “aspire tHe (aio you. 33) ok ee estas the state of el Sen # work ame * (ramort] organization @) PENS * (er oppored to IT. schieet yeaw "OT Pateting) tohaill pros eeu rage + lovin or sop ap» ee orange Yer 7 oti well OK ma + ba ello! good miogre sunt @) yom" * morning! (Anoce: ro) ys foot byl tp fo + [pmtvoehs-s] ow arava *—(dniwer! go Family elas to give fa well tar) wer ninety or ormee oH this that ogy « ellege stent tohave wo, re 99) land 79 to ead: Sught Pars roe Germany beer Poland ow your Fy fore © 2d rat to understand years © Hebrew orp + from ato of) 6 © te help han vo deve Tb = to gow (att ben = uncle @) yeHb Toy + whom (ac-dat. of) BEMaon 7 * Rusia ae France pant cousin cp) wp OR BF + tn pt Telavirtmany] sae ccopmate fem] 19 ‘questions npent St 3. mee we On 2 OE MEN BP WHIT srs Mages 1 ABW Eg aH SPT EN A ED Sor gam m7 ye mp “WT arava oben than Bon aaron Pe Se OF OH PEN TR EE 3e8 TH HERS Tope mo THM TY WRENN Te I Sen Pa Tm HB WE PMI TH TE NP em TP Der eA EM TAD BAD OFT MTC THT Tepe Me GRAMMAR 1. Indireet Objet ‘syenb a7 aon 9 We help the (out) uncle THe OF7 09 2 WY He ive ietothe (ers) lather tye sp1 ota Bw 7 Do Jou send the (your) aunt ‘money? ‘A noun (withthe preceding ate and adjectives). when wed 1 held object ofa vers ln the dative ee In. ventence containing both a dre and indirect object, one of which = pronoun, the prosoun preciesthe noun If Bot objets ae pronoun the diet objen precedes the indirect on rKo3 wo 1oyo or 2 77 (Other personal pronouns ae treated on p. 82) In trating rom English. cae must be taken to aid any prepostion with the indirect objet after tama fo give (a. 2. Conjugation of y332 "The conjugation of Bp ie iregulr re sme Imperative:6 ‘couzce Youu 3. Infintive “The iniitve of x verb consists ofthe Bate with the added end- Ing (or oil the base ends fa Bo $3 72 lable = ora nzened vows or diphthog) Thu the infinitive sare fe ‘aenscal im form withthe Sint and hid pron plural of he peer Bae: pw Infinkives Pw soserd (ike ww vm) Bae: —o Tnfikve yep *9-come (ike woe 40) Bae: —up Infinitive pip (0 Be able ike winp 40) Bae: ar Infnives art tong (ke wart 70) Infnkive yoo build like yen 70) Bae: 3°00 Infaive yrovaw to smile (ike yr3-wo 0) Beginning with dis eon, verbs willbe led in the voeabur lary ithe inv fom 4: Teregule Iafitives Several frequently ated verb have iepula infotves. The smot important one ae [ur 4 So renon PLURAL NRINITWE Togive cer a Tore rt ae m2 Todo ‘me oe me Tose are se ™ Tower Beno a om Tolnow eno em Tote pa ™ Infinves of 47 7% and HEE TH rn wr aan i 1 There ae hile in shook juny 1 Bry Pe (There should be children in hoo 7 oo rs Pb ft There are no children in shoot. 3 pore (oy (There can be no cldren in schoo! 200 7 ” nthe info, the wordy of the phrase 4 rH Js omit. rile wis ubitted for es 6, Use of 1 wlth the Infinitive ‘ony pa me TL hae fo go home we pw Te py ed Lom able fowrite a leer now ‘nog arma hyn vn We ae elping to build schoo orm iy tek TY BPD 1D Hes lemming to drive a car Alter he verbs apr. fe Boz. and 79 WP, the i nitive fellows inmeiacly In traning frm English, no equ ‘lent of 10" is ne In some other eater 1o" in an English infin ie tanned by 8. 1, Constructions ster Y2 res 1 ha 9m TH Lent go othe park Top 01 ove Sen Ya I dont went lo et tow ‘ye ra ey BIN om ay He went o come to whoo olay Whenever 3 sentence decribes + person wanting 0 do some thing Rims the Infetve wed alter the proper form of Pn to want jon an English woh 12 THT vant you to go two ape bert oer 99 7-7 Jon twat the child wo ext now Jw etm arn Pan re 7159 He wane a to come to ehoo! ‘edsy ‘Whats ene Ulcitesu pern waning sehen cl to do something, the appropriate form of Pm is followed by a Clause containing 4 sje (tominative), dhe proper frm ofthe silary te Ps and then the infinitive 8. Greetings on "et haw jzyo-et Good morning, Shloyme. Good morning, Moyshe S24 a 2H 4 Coatiye,Shlome, Conte, Moye {or wv AMEN Goed evening, Khai. Good crening. oye | for gy ot gon am wm Good might, Khaim. Good night Yor7" Counce Yao “The wal Vidi greetings, exchanged upon meting and pat ing. cam be summarized fll samme yee — Dee se ome Panne 3p) oD EHD HD WED BOA TOO ‘Another greting sven on p 8 |A. Replace the dates by the appropriate secutive and dative endings: ys "1 eae to lowe cna) a © to ESETRE) YE + ‘ay 30 i snderaand (reguler “atacabees” akan) 3 Info: conjugeed (name ofa Jewish athlete the present tone league in meny European i Tike rao 9.58), conti) voceer yoo ‘more (han) (9 290 th een ate fee me ot yet om dub q) ap ar fool 377 i ipa Pur esterday 1p + anyway 29m 20° QUESTIONS ‘ab 3 ros oF7 eH Bar ENE AO OT hak tmp Pk np a BFY app wD TOE wT Spa beran een WS a OFT TEER Pe Be ET re Form Pa era's a en Www "HON I 4 Ta Paap bo 8 sep HETUT ByEs Ben 7 Te TH Tenn oF WE Te oer MO TEAS TION Sr ae iy Hp OveTDD Pm WOH SEN OF LO 22D ames re ye oR DME my ee (WPar moe Wp on TeeRERED et wD ym oN me an 997 a BEAT TORY AB 6 THE BER PD ON IS GRAMMAR 1. Past Pariiples Without —32 ey aee at TH GE Te ewe 22 Tk oouE Te sippwran bes Yaga Te ‘oner aen Te sat Pa In he present tense of 4 momber of vers the ses does not faton the fist allable- In sich verb no ph sade inthe past parleoe ‘coutsce Yess Paniple without 93 arefound in beth the 1~ and the 2 ‘categories: > patil ae indie individually texte) rH a verb i lined in the voesbulay at rye the prevent tense, Soagy tea be inferred comaquenty since the ses ‘des not fl on the ft lable, the ps patcpe some 2. Clames at Sentence Unit mg | 198 | pa @ er oo ogee | gn | ovr | mugs apr wn YN ue | ear | -rimoa 17 e279 we In. complex sentence, 3 subordinate date niente a+ sim ple entence unie If precedes the main claus, the verb of the fain cliuse must follow it inmediatly in order to remain the second unit inthe sentence as = whole Within the wobordinate dnie, of eure, the wal rules for word order apply. 3. To Like “UPS YDRD) FD Mofake kes the Books -y03 "Patna r Fash Mopske liked the Books Expresions of “king” follow this idiomace patern in Yie- lh: the erton who likes i indicate by the niet objec (tive fas) the thing whichis liked s nda by the abject (noma tive ee) he verb i yt, Note the synonym pb dicuwed on p 66, ‘4, Declesion of Personal and Inerrogative Pronouns Lon 9 % IC sentence contains» direct and indirect objec, both of which ae pronouns, the direct object precedes the indiect. If one ‘bjt sa noun and the otra pronoun, the pronoun precedes the ‘noun, See pp 108-110, EXERCISES [A Conjugate in the pst tere aes 8 Phen TH 39 a 2. PIM 3 TL [3 FY AVENE 31 TH AMET FT TSE SEN MS 2, Retell the sory an 8 TC i the pst tent . In the following sentence, replace the aliced nour or phrases, bythe aprons peranl pons ging te word oer where nec ‘SWPP Her Bog 7 2 ow {1B THERE mH {er wr a app an a Pn orn 3. a a wow 8. nn “FP Bra we SPAR SuN7 O51 be OEM TY SHE FT OO OFT . Pat the pronouns in parenthes ino the appropriate case 32s Fe Py OM TTR A ME Ow SORT Ma en wo CH MF CH) TH BP OD fh) DOR Owes SEM aR) 7 aEYRN BS ea 2a mg Bor Ne GP BY 9 TENET TT BP GN) OD Spay OB MME AL BOF BT Pa NE 31 TO ‘See com) top 2p 3 YON yn By Pe BONN 72 Soe 18 (oo Saw ORT Cy) TS DEK EDM aye Ohara BRN PN Ta TH CON) BS {Br (79) DN Soe TH NT PBEM CH) PH 2c) eintes MSEE 0 MPT Co) OF TE BH E. Make complete sentences out of each pir of aus 2.7 BMP PH ONE MEP AT MD OY ND We ENE TDSC Wh) 3 ITE MEMEO eS Tp ear ou en Tw HCD wT Ta TH 4 ah ea) TBS INT BAD ATI Payee 79+ TN Be TO ENT I Ure Ben APN We ee) ITED ET TO Pee HIME HONE Tee EHD wD) 8 PT2 WT Ne EPP EMSp 9 eT Bm 40 CRN SI Om ME)HE WE My 9. oma “QM 1 BH) F, Translate into Yidd 1 Yesterday my unc wat 2 our howe 2. He ex teacher 5. He tld us many inecretng things 4. In America, be ex sine, many children goto Jewsh schools 8. They gO to or tree afternoons a week (—two or three times + trek inthe afternons)& They stadyViddih or Hebvew Trim many schools Jewish history ho studied, 8. (ie ranted thad Jewish den should Snow wht happened {othe Jewish people. 8. But hee sme children go to Eng lish school every sy, anyway. 10 fy uncle said that they have to go to two schol. I. In Poland, the Jewish school were diferent (ondiferendy) 12 People undertod that ‘renthing canbe studied i the ame schoo. 18 Chien ever had o lose ie ogo to two schools 14. They could bere inthe alernonf 1.1m Poland many Jewish cil dren went to Vids cools where al joc were tnght they Teaoed ll subjects) in Yih, except [te] hie tory of Poland 16. They studied inthe language which was spoken st home. 7. The children ke thin 1s Because there were elementary schools, here were a igh schools 19. When a child fosbed an elementary schol he cold eto (in) high col 20 My wae ll haa tagatne frhich ub of Jewish children of Poland seat him blone the wat MODERN YIDDISH LITERATURE ‘Modern Vion lerature x sully conidered to have begun tout 1860 with the works of Sholem-Yankev Abramovich (18 TOI?) who wrote under the pen name of Mendele MoytherStorim (Mfendele the Rooker) 2nd is known a8 "the Grandlather of Modern Yiddish Literature” Mendeleeablited the fundamental rary Iaguage patterns that Rave Ben generally fllowed Cre since Undirted bythe satire which be directed agri he find manner of umalhtown Jewry in old Rasa, Mente dele ‘Escipion constitute Mtr! monuments to bygone era The second dase writer was Sholom Alichem (Sloman RabinovichLaon 9 %5 1858-116), who provided with an insight into the Jewish men tality with al foul and merce His deligtal or revered his understanding of and love forthe men, woren, snd eileen whom he portrayed. Yiuthok Leybuah Peres (1852-1915), the ‘hird cassie weiter, monumenttined many aspects of Jewish his by countering Mendeles resi vith pocllar Knd of romane tics, and became the undisputed lender ofthe younger iterary generation. The "Big Three"-Mendele, Sholom” Aleem. snd Perea-were followed by 3 hos of talented younger writers wh tor eter made the period from 1864 to 1989 the Coden Era of mod: ‘Em Yiddish Iteratue. The novel the short sory, the drama, the le poem. and every other form of feonal and non fiona wt ‘ng was uted to the fullest during this time=no ony to depict Jeo fe the word over, but ao to expen the hopes and a. ings ofthe Jews of al age formation soci. and individ bet terment. Afany hundreds of works of European literature. of a rte as wells acentfe character, were tranated to Ved the best of Shakespeare's dramas can toda) be readin good Vid ih translations While developing sates of general education ‘as prompting a increteof "Western interests among the Jew, Yidlsn erature asumed a more univer character subjects not restricted to Jewish lie ame Into greater prominence. In recent years ids prose and poetry have tos lage extent returned to ‘he specific Jewish experiences and the Jewish tte Inthe modern wend Since the end of World War Hl, North and South Ameria, France, and rae have been centr of Yiddh wrting an pub lushing Literary contacts with Poland and Rumania have been re Adee toa Wiehe by the tron Curtain Inthe Soviet Union Vdc [ublishing was speed in 118. In 195, + fw cai works were epublhed and in 1951 a magasine wat launched which now ape pens asa monthly.LESSON 10 wap yep Tog WWE sin v3 ayndys eo 8 BENT pepsnyen ror Bewe gn AE TB TATE PTT SEEN WAG AMM BT HT NS YH PAN TE NH OF I Foe Bagot —38 Wm WY MP BP 2 Te rege apy Ben Uap BM PA NT TNT feaye gn 6B RINE oyey TT NTH BRS 1 oT Fr op 17 2262 3 HPPEDH OOM EP PH age wT sins INE ANT TaSY PEMA TAC WED TP APE rw ley pM PHT pT Neg To w WT ENT EMIT AN om ye ee re NE MERE HE WT TET APMP TI rms ayote. npr" Oey erm 9 aw EM TM. ‘yn they pare mp WET, "IONE TH EET BTN PI pm 7 BIDE BRN say 0 baer TH OPT TNE 2 MEAD TK, wea Ae Te TTIW UT TH TY MY one 7 baer HE BE TM MEE ITT aE feb Ne Te PAD AUTH WE PED MP BTW IH ne Pp dae BNGB Hn THT Bm TH RG PD Te! PTT NP rae w Bt ND TR RETWT ONT Ub BE PN WD PON Leson 10 ” sree yt ryt pon hee PRO yeesye YM TOIT BAN WH IT, aap TE MT TIM BENE, AT Oy ea Py Im aT ‘hapya So WEE DT yn, seapnby2 TH apenys ox ENE ayn ye IT "tom apenyh paw ey spbenyp om Ben APE, Op AT NE EAE EEE PPT GN EN "Ton sagny3 99 wa TAHT THe am, aa yO PT wae Ie EON EETRE BK oe 1 pT 27 PBN WEIRD Py weep Aha TT BOPP Be RTE TON NT WG OYE Ay HO wD PITA. ‘yan 90 a Ba FEATS Ph wopnnee hese pene ANT NET sv BRE TN BEETS PID ‘VOCABULARY. nme so; hae me (accdats om @) OH TWT * covered IE fannie sir, tain 9) 7° hie or litle yom boa © ness msel yoo prsM + Sos onteque) e939) TS © Soult ee, athe ‘lewel Ce 34 9a Tm ce may be eid eo iver syzbn B+ come now! pa PD + sor in hat case we (imperative of) in the daytime agp 23 + 30 aw won on ned, really 3949 © to think egy = tomeetgtinep>) 7H 1 Iremchon) p= rman’ name (dash ‘equivalent of Ie) ‘oon (event) my or ** Ccousce Yow coapetior @ arp 271 te @ Be ae an 0 to ull le poeywe {uy np = Tight (pore of dark) Pras + wlook ube © ‘Scie pre + ote Miah pore clever, wis 3 + four xs or Mea ain ea) em ‘ch ot non gener a sige m sae 3 (estrasnshousn ame-eoyy Womans name (hoxhe] Ym + geting in some (ia equate of Damar Racha). oreching og + wich poy + total ogra 0 ab © ing) anne Gr vehi totesient pany Baw + ‘dak yom «| Coiteee awe window) 9088 + (Wousemvshi arate + oes ello How do ou a les nent Torus roan + ring (emsvesed ea © eae TS iro 3) 940 97 ‘ro eons, hl quemenam oman on ee) =~ wid she + ‘questions be pen ox 2-nan apy weA my OE WT BH oe Toomey ae 9 Be oy 3 To TEN WT en oon Seb Styne. TY TON MT TT A frm Bn eR pr BEN TN ME PO ssn 9 Pm oen He 8 Me ypaD Pa TIT angen 7 g7 Be eg LO PY BED APNE HBT OF {hens oe Ops 2 MENS TT Sm BON sop: yr 357 BH op BT ene wong ke SSM ME BT TH EEETAD Bp Ta pane WEND Be OTD" at GRAMMAR 1, Use of by as 4 Subjet ‘org Wet re oD won TO HTH OD Lason 10 ° In the above sentences, there no lice subject and the po- noun ap serves athe formal impertonal abject. Noy is nee {ary ianother sentence un begin the sentence: angi we re orn ‘wunrd 1 277 Ne BF Hoeven ung be yoo my v1 70 o9 “The sentence in this group do contain lpia subjects, namely bev. voe etal) ty Yet they are pce afer the verb while oy lakes ther plsce before the ner atthe formal subject” In this function 9g is alld expletive, since fl the normal place ofthe sobject. ‘The meaning ofa senence i for prctial purport, the same eter the normal or the expletive By construction wed (woon ¢ oa0e02 yn Dg 99 — aoe a EDTA BED TED where lived a man br Be °F wmeED = MPD F “The right tne hat come’ ‘ore rans Wr wo — ysis rT BAO ‘Care were driving by ‘Observe that if the log subjet i in the plural che ver is a inthe pra Tepletive gy lr never used when the log 2 pndand yoy muro 29n } subject a pro 20 18 PH ed nage HAN EE MT ann ewes 34n TH € \ ‘30 "ro wr omen awn TH ‘5 og ‘apne means atin the sense of ingure. The noun denoting the ‘penton asked may be ether inthe acruative, sin examples (1) and ‘what ae was ding100 ‘coutece Yona (9): or Inthe dative preceded by the preposition wa, a in examples Band (above pup arto amp err 0 two 741 wea OH CD \ fy eras Soret aeons sa 03 cee) eae wm swoom rsa og 03) Ask (coteque) your ster fr the book ya means hin the ene of request Ihe request i exprned In eae, a in examples (2), (6), (and he person who lied may als be denoted ser bya noun in the accwsatie or in the dative peceded by =a But if an object requested, at the boot in exmple (2), the noun denoting that objec sin de ace Sitive (eithout any feepniton) le the penton of whom the re (quet i made i denoted by 3 construction of vp plus the date 3. The Prepositions ¥p and 1% Trwers 17 THBBS WT T]he went to New York Pree) Pa gg wT 30 Baroy was Tey went aang ‘Poe te and fw to ae wed inerchangerbly before na vey and countrin,but Before orion nouns sch as "acy." "the fines country" "he ober countrien" ete, only the preposition Me meaning ler oor ini se ‘Wich yar aoptrwee 1 the preposition i alvays ye you vop-rany® “(tothe United Sates: in the United sates ‘4 The Pronean 3 ‘yr oro) Hetalbs w himelt dgeaa (1H BF TH see msl in the ior Prun orngy ton One tel about one ‘pr umn (pss Toe Ma We want tll ou about ourselves "Wis. a pronoun wed a the object of ver or preposton when the person i rele to tthe same as the subjet of the air ve, tomy 1-98 99 349 7 have sen it melt apenas re een Man Her wrote the Jeter elt “The adverb hes wed wo emphasize the Weniy ofthe sub- ject. Used in conjunction with He emphases the fact that the ‘object tthe sme perion athe subj: roe ye ow esa pe rre TTT 5 Additional Contractions with 277 “The following prepsitons are ao contracted with following ‘ar ike thse enumerated on 4 re = on at one ‘A. Paraphrase the following sentences ito constructions with expletive bp ‘rm op vim ping °1 2 Zen ye OM TH Sp pan woe BA pe Te TY Pree Way 3 So We eoes Me 6 ay We NT ROE Pes aNEE esses Iw Me A He Pp BET ah Te TTI han oe a Pe pags 10 pene a POM Tee $309 Ee BEE PO 'B, Supply the appropriate form of yb ot yaa. at the meaning equi 71 Be om 2 30r9 opr Det TE — BF i bor or —— Ton Te ee eT Ta oa BPD 7a ek TA OT Serre on — 9a pe en EOD ON SS Seo oe aes ye 8 aes op Ta OF yoy oe pom ——"9 ah OF pap oo mn oe DERE Be 10 DEH Bp 1M — TE Sipe tea ee thon al ree ym OF read han 9 BD TPra Ccouser Yass Supply the preposition oy wherever pomible: in the remain ing sentence supply 1% 8 PR OFT We 2 spo — oo RI ee ie Ties Fee 3 SBIR — rab He Gre Rne 79 CoH EC Ma PEE ere rer eS Ban To 12 Ie — Fre rw ra sponse — ein ne cyaxe 9 6 eT foe — pe Teoh Pe TH 7 9pepsD — a Pith oy Pa Depo 9 Swen —— eve WT aT TRS Spread yam My JO SNE TOE EES — ‘Sora 51 AS EEE , Trandate into Vids 1. am not speaking to sys I am speaking to Dovid 2 The man laughs at (=o!) Nim. Shloyme himselt Said so. 4 Rok read bout Nese in the newepape. 5 ‘We looked at curses sd Inghed. 8. Moysbe most ell ou this story hime. 7. Do you want ifr yourself o for our (the) family My (athe) father wrote his let {er himall 9. He had a Beal child near him. Ge. 0. The United State uel i very interning country. , Tramte into Yiddins 1. This week was le too cold. 2m the daytime it Taine apd a night Kesnowe 3. There was no moon 4. the winter the sun doer not shine woo often. 5. Yesterday T tres downtown (in tbe] ci). 6. In 2 window 1 saw frome] fmeretng beri books, 7. looked 3 them and then {decided to bay them. 8. We are asked o be alle. sch relly gold? 10. No, i only ser. 1. am {pou know) not Feb 12. Today a bright (might) day 1h Give me something to ext, plewe. 1. Hello, Dold 15, Hello, Rok, how are you? 16. How is your (=the) hoe ay? 17, Uline that it can ever be done tit fray (es) 18. (The) pandiather isa very good man; Ine alnay ails 18,1 elev he is to clever for you. 26.1 (eye think 4, too 2 Is Rokhl your sister? 22 Come ow, you know that 1 ve no sister. eso 10 10s OLDER YIDDISH LITERATURE ‘The oldest petites of Vd erature ate of two Kinds. On the one hand there ate preserved materials signed 2 in eahe Ing sacred tet on the other hand, x number of poems have come Alown tus which date bach to the day ofthe traveling Jesh ie Stes ofthe 14th and Sth centuries, who sng and reed poems Aout knights, witches ings and princes aswel as abou beloved Biblical heros The names of mot authors ofthat period are um Town toy, slthough the mame of one ofthe geste ion recor hyo Boker (HGD-158), know among nor Jews as Ela Levit, teava Hebrew aholarot wide repute, as well a «popular Yeh Veter The oldew Yiddah mantcrpt bearing 2 defite date om 180; single Via sentence appears im brew prayer book of 1272 "The oldest pried iddsh texts which have survived are from the beginning of the Ith century, older Books may ave Den lost "The eal printed words in Vids known today are contained in {Latin book on Hebrew spelling polished in 151. ‘The ele Town contimanus printed text in Vidiah 3 poem printed in 2 hngodes pubis tn Prague hn 1526 Te reproduced hee vam of wea FUE va eT OF com os ve owey? va UD ™ va may ba irs on Toy ic ad we Us eRe we oon vn mee oom Pete Tcre were sobyo peter zw ye cata et Yidiah Bible tamltions were made long belore pening wat invented an played an important par in the aol system of TA teak ed dring the Perr si, somctime eer by Sept eve a epee108 Couzce Yor cation. Many Yiddish versions of the Old Testament and of Dryers were pulibed throughout the centuries? "The eocaled middle period, inclading the 170 and 18th cen- turin sn the production of Buncreds of Yiddish books. Among, ‘hore published were great many calving books (maversfrim)> prayer books (hy aetna thon who didnot now Hebrew feliienty, Natori poems community chronicle, et. The bee (inning of the 10h century brought forth a doen or v0 extremely IntreatngIterary Sure, but they aze ow large overshadowed bye thee clas ter ofthe modern perod-Mendele Moyer Sori, Sholom Aleichem, snd Pere Stee tamton ys Wh pon eho ee enh it) oe mn nt et em in om ibe ba te LESSON 11 spy? yebiy Foun stron yt 6 Steon 8 ry op Sey ayes pay 8 ne rou Ding qoery ays phenann gm Py wT ave Bak [Do 18 DO BW JME FONE OVT aD NH BD Te Te BIT Syren) ae me ya awe fad oT NOT aT RS seyrran 8 px ToT ye BIE PIED rman pb 22 cyt TE MphaDy TNE wy BT TN? are Ps yHND YT BAN PTE AW BME TE BS Ne Ben pM TTF TEN Pen kA PH TTS Ts PBS empeepane oy RRM ETP RTT PM OTP TP PT PRT ‘agen pe EMEP: BhylyT TaaM AMET NB TENT Freee perriyn ENE? een TURREGM OT YD OV LTP Sy apoya Tn pT TT ANB we yawe B — ENE Ne Ib 2 9 ner Pe ee oT PANN TT PENT he BPRS YN DegneN TM eT TAS fe iuo ap7 ONE some Bs HP bys erst. PT Dep! ra op owe 26 Ton a7 WE SOND UD TPE Ma HP ise) ope Oy Ae BEyIpyD ByN FOND APT NN cD PET ‘preston pe Bo NS TAF oD oY eypag? my ope Bop Beeman ee A SPT PH ema WS Sip nad moma mee SO 8 TE ‘erg i e2 yom Ww) vee rm Io, cy (pe sina y yay pnp eeenaun “EayeMaw payor yr Tee) moun sab aye eA eT DT OP 09 D6 TaN106 ‘cousee Yoo ym ¥ Steen youn ow aN SWIMS TB MOU ABEND WGC B Fre free Srey fw 8 D8 [1810p SypEN yo po ce may | PEP ENE EYE Oe wn | Whe appeennn BEEN Pw phe NS cpiny opt Stee one 2p 1 ERE TD SSE SS a ren a eit a tne fae VOCABULARY ere ew | sore sto earn pH ma le ro thom out for one day yen 73 CosoAE mE Mw» WEP | Ne o cee yn | Om weome in such 308 to putin Yew | ene + there’ none poe fermion] SoErrR ike i esine (iealy Land Together BEM 1 EE of Ist) he oe to decee ghee) pte co begin gamma fe [2 + ‘liv oll 07 57 [pomvoxhis] eorene (jee porns Ft Antiochus (2nd cen- snr the Tempe tury ne) SUNS te burn pupa © co light rampaey) ree 3 Tien ad psi, el, peed ep tne scm oh er pnmin’ el ee Het, joer att caso a Nae Laos 11 10 ago pova...0 ° oa we + fpouvisat: Gey ta spr > (usually without the aril) scoring) ing iol 7 fbenove:] mass? pan @) TR ceremonial lamp in the faster pao "Temple, sometimes to serve, to worship Ta alle Menorah sping top ca) Fr Be * se arone~ so mina wna eB tirele (| B09 97 © leanne [pts coor. pg me 7&2 brave eran © novoshos] (Hebrew) rewene = oa ene me per arn Syrian ore to sing qa) © eben) moar © Jecith halide, sometimes alld Hanolbsh [shashenone] awreen Maceabees (plied Te = eT round (oe 997 to dance 1390 * dancing) hound Same to rte pate © prveake (@) 9728 jg cop b-7 08 amp 936 77 to mand pin, PO PER © ery pent Civequler infitive, Sere eee onjgatd the 93) ‘candle (9) 7299 O4T * hypoyaines = w.- 39908 candle few (BED OT apa) De © dering) in honor of (sxoves] 8) © QUESTIONS ‘po ome phon Som 2 mau Sean apy ra ae 36m 1a pn gD fag? OF beDD Hh ae TTD OFT ree vores Po 757 Be Om $m Te BLT 78 ng eT HF BN weprenna 7 nen wren en een 4 InwNEET ‘arr 0 9p O68 IO INP 8ST NI OAT Sonep poop an a2 Deevenaan & pM aw BEM OY ‘man rss)108 ‘coutzce Yona CRAMMAR, Complamented Verb ware 18m Tan B19 “7 The eden cease singing {Way 3m OT Kham bepns to elk rose say UD Tea My brother come in Incach ofthese example, the ver con of an inflected verbal prt and an edeerbial complement. Sach verbs are called comple: ended verks “The adverbial complement modes the mesning ofthe verb proper Ths sey "y tea he comer, while Yang ep "Beans hhecomerin Likewise shyop 7p means he put, while oho 7 Yew eam he puts im Sometimes, however the adverbial come Ploment changes te meaning ofthe verb rdaly. ‘Thus in 2179 Juke begins, the see of the complemented verb is considerably ‘Emoved fom the uncomplemented version, since earn 19 ean: Ie lit, For these reasna it mow convenient to treat each com Plemenied verb asa weparte vosbolary unit antl a ater sage then the role of complement wl be studied ytematically. "The complement follows the verb inthe presen ene and inthe imperative wore ag cory Thaw a0 Te Wee ao Meee I won wan w em Tan Ta MTOR yoy i pare wen 29 aTOT TS BDH wepmstew re erra (eae Be TT 1D “To form the pst participle of «complemented ver, the com- lement i attached before the verbal base and’ pi i nsred iter he complement, Theses inal soc participles aon the ‘complement. ‘3, Inflntve of Complemented Verbo Ponte wp TH CA TH ewe Te eT eprrE DP Te aE ER Te Lawow 11 109 In the ininkive, 100, the adverbial complement i attached 0 the verb proper, wih there on the complement Im he vocabulary, where verbs are Tied inthe infinitive, the complement will befeter be set of by 2 vertical Tne, thus {fa [are The past participle wil be indicated only fending in "Therefore a verb ised rm fmplies the presen tee: «

Txingulibed eres Eyes wes B, Tram nto Yidd 1. My (mathe) mother pt the candles info) the Khanike lamp 2 the candle bined pl Wer looked tthe Gnden 4. The candles were Ht tn honor of Khanike 5 iany people Uke Moye, but thers want otrow Bi futel he cb. 61love that he ald renin. 718 tim thre day ago. 8. keds very ch 9. My = ther remained st ome enti to ay agp. 10. (The) ter Came te for one dy. 1. asked Mi to {yer tee dys tbe bad fo go foe. 1. He ely eve 18 Europetn Know (cit i Enown in Europe) that Uhe United stats rch Country. 14 Many people once fetid ta there was (reset tne) gold onthe see 1B.They were tlds In ees which were writen fo Chem ftom Americ 1. Tnever Red hs wry. 17. He swage thinks about others, you know. 18 "Today few Ring are let 1. Tere ae many Yidih books sbout Fw hale day, 20. Can you aketly read then? 21 I don't know wheter I know enough Yuddh 22 But I can sng Wish {longs bees they ae not very fl 3, Who want to ope this song) 21 When they Bniied the song they home 8, Did the money which fave You do (suc)? 28 The lamp never od here 27 vend sary about & Irae child. 28.1 aly a miracle chat he i il living for (obec) he wat very sek, 29.1 wat w know how Seow i lig 9 Pe JEWISH HOLIDAYS “The specif holidays are among the most character features ‘of Jewish fe Fll of symbolic costoms and flkway they are 8 Fiehcxpresion of Jewih comunity fang, Nataly they serve ts the abject mater of many works of Jewish tertare “Tine ofthe holidays ae wo od that they ae deseibed in the Pentaeuch. One is nob (Feat) (Pasoves) an eighty fest ‘narking the liberation of the Jews fom Eaypt. On the fr «wo ight five meal eaten atthe ceremony Elle “(somme Cousce Yass “Throughout the holiday, only foods made with unlenvened dough tre comme; the vnlersened.Pabover bread is called m2 {are} The second holiday i mye ASUS), oignally an 2g fatal fen in ary samme, connected withthe guhering ofthe fst rite inPalentine Is also celebrated a the aniversary ofthe fecepion of the Law ffom the Lord. During Shes bowes are Gecorated ith een lene, The. customary dah is E93 (Gheoe pane). The third holiday are the eight days of 312 [pone nthe end of summer. Observant Jew celebrate i by ea Ing in outdoor tabenaces covered with fir reaches (10 [sehaeh. Sther symbole Both the harvest and the wandering ofthe Jews inthe Snal deer afer their iberation (rom Faypt ‘Two holidays which mark hsorial Jewish vcore are noun [henna described in the Yd reading pasage ofthis eon, And won [rom deserved in tenon 12 "Two eastanding fat days (@rno9n rasa] are yea {vowiren) the Day of Atovesent, when man fate i aid to be fesled forthe coming year, and. srrapen_(rshrsoy), the ninth ‘dyin the mont of Or (cep 214, tbe aniversary ofthe destruc tion ofthe fist Temple by the Babylonians in 587 ne. and ofthe second Temple by the Romans in 70 “Among the remaining holiday are: rage (nshesons, he begining of te Jovi year: mmnere [seo some tines counted a ihe ninth day of Ske, which the annual ye of the ceremonial reading of the Torah is compleeds “225 {lasaovaen, between Peeks and Shvues! celebrated by tings and game. "Fis ble mentee in th cepts ree 6g ise Pou shh: ahha, You Tipp Ne 88 Ro tha ooo BO mn Be pe LESSON 12 vary? yobs Dep Siero WT pene ay rm nt Seren ay BTN ET Pe 8 om te 8M pe Eh Pepe pe gee an bye See at Jor WyeDTD w EATYE BET BEN EMINEM gn BY EMG TT PRE DSO PotD WHE A EDNTED IN yn ap Eryn SN TON ARON mab ENN wT ST RYTEON MAP NAY TMS OTT BITPRIM BA TD Jn PANTER BND yD Boye Me BeN YO TIT pepe SOR SST PF ON Ta Powe PB THe pion eyeesy wyeDND WT PAM MH yon oy Wye as WBE pa We Neawhe, Coe THY hw De eyOe BEN TE phy Ts MEY Ope DE TH Tee waren a Jenene BE neyo YT pen Meee web post oy Dynwe-cna Tye aN PRIN NEE ET pm hae Soyer EpeeyRE age pM Me mn TB SR "BIE OY NT PRE BPMN PAE SOW PX EMD aT MH BE rome Mem Ban me Fe ro ED Dene TSS V5 8 yma ome me om a Soe 9 MH BY Send wa Te8t sn vo 1 PT at promo 8 SSE 2 OF Par WEEPm CCource Yost aan aphyay eon ate pie ae eee eyes BY AE HUE OT yma ome me Sea Suen yt ne Oy yes a eee nn ron pb 7 TR ‘VOCABULARY ‘queen [uae] mabe *7 over ome [Bonoahe] to invent yoo | mas name (Fide soparmonn pase | ‘auiveten of Moréeal) _tohang [beooabets) yar ‘okill yaaa) ow endearing form of More loxtasirana) MEME Purim ure Ainglof Perla alo plan on ot Meow a Abuser Penn ome to pernde Pay | to obey Bs fesead of woot te forget M8 Pari ate 30 9 topecen Pyewi ree snail Polih coin Toga friend) ne ys Pesan intros generations grape alo hnown as Haman Ee Gdsen romp [wodaaerh) eon 7 to ben goo langue Purim pay {ananimont metho “made with apy Pu weenie [powene] 9°00 ot play qy owe *7 holiday (endeoring) player) oyyae yz tosuvive yy yon a Sump pee Tomnalrow ason 1 us EXERCISES A. Tramlate into Vidas 1. Our (othe) tends vite ws week ago, 2. ke the ook, 3 Good morning, Mr. Feldscin. & Good morning, ‘Mer Berg, how are you? 5. Wel god ight 6. Good night. 2 (dof ndeed wane for mysle 8.T the daytime tis tearm (Jou know) 9, At nigh i not very (to) warm. TOL Roth never tile 2 He 11. Everybody Is (all re) fy today in [your] honor (of you). 12. The whole family Pour Nout 15. 14d noe know that there is wo much fold in the work. 14 He always at home except in the vening. 15, This ory is ao wold diferedy. 16.1 have fear already, anyway 17 evo good aro (and) give ime alle ime. 11 ever have enough tine. 18. Hello, Dovid. what happened to you? 20.1 want you t look at me, ple 1.1, Name en Kihip terms in Yiddish Form three setenes with PINE and three with HE. 1, Wite four sentences about the weather 4 Wirte eno semencs each with PyRb and IR. , Make indirect objects out of the nouns, pronouns, or phrates sven in parentheses "BIE (7 MAT we 2 zaUN CTW chats enberaM 96 Me hes er pees ope a ToD (7 TH ae Om Th DB Prem HA OH) TP 3 BEET) Tab Spesaewe ogy sab 7 309 ¥ CO OF TNE DAN TH rrr TH be 9 te Con eT Tse Me A TH CD) So 1 BPH pT HF IO MEPS NTH HE , Write the Viddih equiralent 101 ike the boot you The the ‘ok, aso on forthe other prions. 1, Trance ino Vida 1 Pee fish exting (nfo, 2. My (mathe) mother thane drive car 8: We ave to gets Ile money. 4. We Feed them work, you Know. 5 Has i caved snowing (inrtoe)? Ye, Re har sated raining. 1. The chil tegen to lgh. 8. "They let us go where (exwhere 10) we seamed 0 gous Counce Yan Using as many ofthe fllowing words a posible, write a theme fof 100150 words describing your iy meals dink qppmmeey rm ‘eat yosa' ot ment woe owt lunch (lame) apa 959 soup m7 supper sve trend pina 561 forrest fe PEENOW OE egg OO ‘meal () Beare 71 vegeable (yen ot fork Sop 1 bh 8 salle “yore fed 6h 8 Fer ‘spoon 59 9 ‘canned foods Te? "7 ‘gas we sandwich p wore 351 plate -yh90 79 ‘ecolate PARE TT owner (roden) > cee 377 ull oat ‘ak 99 7 Inongey pr tame ook boll 6, Tram ito Vidas 1, The man worked hard. 2 Afterwards he sng and anced gaily, 3-1 sae how devel You won. 4 You can peak ely He looked ws warmly. 6 He started with ‘Eiealty (cohort be fished we 7, He stated well, bute har not ined ye (=yet not Sinished) 8. He gts eter often 8. The eben pla well but You play ball. 10. Te ining ile (=e mall al Change the saguarnownt into the plural and the plural nouns im the singular; make th appropriate changes inthe article, emg ot wm om mon ca OTT oer wa oT Cl ome yr on wort oor mars sreprere mane TERE BT eo ent Dee mre tReN we 7 ex ma oe 1 Conjugnte inthe pst ane present tenis and in the imperative: PE hwETE SEED 2 em pera Lasow 12 m [REVIEW QUESTIONS Anaver the following questions in Engi 1. When and where did Yih originate? ow did Yiddish spread eastrard? How lar tothe em id Yds pea In Europe? What do the tema Sephardic” and “Ashen” designate? “Where do western Yiddish dislec survive! ‘When wat Yidehbrought othe ater continents? 7. What wat the approximate numberof Yidlih speakers in ‘he word in 1985¢ 1 Where wat the largest concentration? 8, What were the characteris of the anti-Jewish measures (ol the German government pir to World War I? 10, When and where dl the Germans introduce het foe the Joo 11. How was gheuo lle organized? 12 In what way aid Jewish spire! eesbtance manifest islt carly in the ghetto period? 18, In what years and by whom, wat the extermination of sie milion Jews exerted? 14, Where did the Jewish gurls come from? What was thei ole 15, When and where dd the lrg gheto uprising take place? 16. What clement ofthe Jewish population formed the bulk of the survnes ef the catastophe? 17. Why i the second all ofthe nineteenth centry 20 im porn in Yiddah erature? 1%, Why t Mendele Moythe trim comidered a dane writer? 19, What were the main chaaceritics of Sholom Aleichem's wg? 20, What was Pet's contribution to Yd Ueratate? 21, Which period is considered the Golden Bra of modern id ih arcu? 22, In what ways can the subject mater of Vid lterture tbe tk wo have been widened in this pei?ns 23. What wo typer are represented inthe oldest specimens of Yiddish erate? 24 What great author ofthe old period is known to ut by When did Yiddish appear in prin ‘When was the Bible raat into Vidlah? Whe eof Yih ete four in he Wher ero he Jewish aia dite ack Dia ‘What are some cisions connected with Peek? What was the orginal significance of Shvuen! What holiday i cleratd by eating in tabernacle? What are the events celebrated by Khanike and Purim, respectively What do the wo annual days of sorow signify? How are some ofthe minor holidays celebrated? od LESSON 13 pape on DOT TT PT ee a ‘rw Dyn ED 8. “ypmpes PP Epp bo Tn Te Po, ‘rj woh Be TD LE, fos aybng ays phe SMTP WEN PE Tos I nebo Bebe 7yOMT Ne “yap tone abo pe REET THE OPENACS HS nn aap ye on ET DS Se) be Pen aryy Ye me ATEN! wT Sry ayer wo een aneT NEW pA TN ap yay rve an ape pe pT TN oe Pomp Pe BNW EF BIVS ye TO FER SIP BF IM TT TH OTE S33 THE TS TPS TROP THE PS I PHI BN wry: 287 TH Tie JE MOEY? POU TD MH BY TE TITS Spe 1 8 OUP Ye BEN SIN TOE BTS Tow as Day? PMN TS saregerer pb ebyspyme TES BAN TUE TN. 2 bun ye oY peayre BT RE PH eT PH Sem 8 ON TW BNP THC ITY AN ERTESE BoD PTW pM yp PON TH TM edge THE Tw MS TS {ye yous °F spar AST EYIRN FONT SM ITYT TD Bs Det BISSETT Tye 1 mMbeyTe yoereNS TH aM THAN! MN AT “vm "yim pape ws Bog gb we opr Mp Bag BE WDD BY RE Pe BN whee, Ti peMpOBe B BPE NS RY YTS I IMI MP BON FH ETE10 (couzce Yost sbpapyne wo, By Te Pe ewOD NP PT oY PSN BTV Te ewe yon po TI mp Pe PT BO PwEyE Ve TIT Sy yehanps BAM BET TOTEM Ty wrEDTT DIN ya TOTwT PR STEHT PS OP HEMP MAK eT TE TET pe 97 A TANIA VD TT ‘psn yous 297 bre wage TY DET MG MN pe 7 A PIR BD SWCOMEEY [YS TNE, 129? Dey wn Py PBI Boy PM TS Spr new e2pp2 AN VE SPAIN NR TOME oe PT pS ANNA Te PMT TAP 1 BT TH TE ‘rym pm Tanks weowe LeOMMENWE MAP yt ss BIDE Te ANH EET TS IT Ben ay PANTS oT Ne INE DAI BU NC ay TO TN {ye 28 aTaCOH oN PH METEN ¥ Tae TUE 8 EPA 1 pe pepe aN TH PS OPT Ae Te MPN TH COPEyP AR BENE A oy Tye MT Man TE TREATS ig pbspys Te 3am .ehp3 Sow w eITME ae TH DM ITD eye WN [TPE ON ME YP ONT NW TS BHGETT TTP VOCABULARY grandmother @) 8 °7 + abs Me TE PIE ywrain yen agr pm sana 10 leave (by vehicle) to become aco) 7 IAD * ORFS TO PIT | OH quaint (with): Wome” 10 70 Mp mt our sore ewoerne] mrema + Bookbinder pws boy's Ith bisthday, when one “3 he comet of age, scord- wate Ing to tedition to get ahead, waa] EME © “Fatma fowons} wren 1+ tO work one’ way UP [erween eiany pain OpABRE ME NO Ts | ee + ‘cary to teal otomrd to eal yaar omy pasa. around amg * xo the border oor oF © In thncoumery ogy en © (ORENRAYT] peas ‘amborg samen Poverty amon 18 1a Autia qemeop the od eoun- arm oh pogrom og) een wT+ By Peddler) spre apr + wo He around yr pasha toca Bias © WHOS the mate? OT © from. 00 8 to wait (on) ¢700 WT © iow one =m few (oder) oe © vin @ committe (y oyoeey me Williamsborg « syaanmm ‘oa Cp) PeB7 ve foor section of Brooklyn, shop wore ay ary me N.Y) (rane (ae-dat 29939959 © Vienna ‘ens teacher in Bheyder stocking, 100k () 769 hitomi (Rusa) wae [xhevora=xbavo- ("om 997 © ta) rational elementary ‘hook Ra he mot wey sic won a+ Comenary on the Tors, Fetateuch (howe ‘Sele afer the name of sted [kha senses nen {i Suter Ge leon 1) ble @ pe 77+ Comer weeea "91 teuonal pppE saahep hie BR e+ ohn em) Yev oen © sPerenie ay i et oot @) a cp) ym ot + ‘ip @ me m+ ym ship tke prapeore 1 millonite (yr > fetow pen. aEDPTEEE tall 7 Sm" fe" (emale tate (fom) 33 Qpote Dan * tailor @) sywan T+ emigrant) ERIS wT ‘QUESTIONS rwhp 718 BE wT 2 HepIMHON FH OND MM A Serre pn rs Srey Bw Mem A Trg PaO Fe yo 1m UP BE BR Tm Tw TBH TT avom Ne TAPE Ty TH eT AE TENTS Fer 71 BEN BoP" 9 pM PH IMT eB BT RED ON AL EPH RTP B OE E10 PRE PK BSrs Ccoutrer Yeous sre aera EME” NEM 2 ReReNPS {ren apron yy PT Te APF MC IS ‘Bon ays Mn aE WLS PED TY PAE Fey hops 757 DAT Ba TTT PT HERB D9 TORS BF 9B BED 8 PMI TP WPT ene way a PA oy Pk GRAMMAR, 1, Tlomatie Verb with 7 ewe su019 * The eile are plying aera sh foneire 7 The immigrants worked thes way tp ‘pypes yr nun rien “t The girs became acquainted Som yr pa 0 We ae studying Vidi ‘A numberof idiomatic vb ae acompanied by p13 word In tae sap ver in the vocabulary, cst be used a8 such i All tenn Ths the nine 7925p implies the pete ee: 18 PIPE TTA TR the imperative 4B 97e3 79 FIP he pst ene: eF9PES TY BOTT IPD TT TE, ‘Pr eat semtenct nit ad tented ar 2 diretobjet pronoun. upiw> to oudy is wally a yrb ofthis group although in the phraee oe anP.woes MEW) 10 study the Torah the Tab mad, the pronoun is emited 2. Conaeeative Word Order yr wm vp eer v yn TH Thad no mone. so began 0 Toone sane TH work “peep aatyoan) Pe vege 132M father ded so Tf for ‘pang (9 reso Americn “rhe second clewse in each ofthe above examples wes the con secutive word order the consecutive word order dhe infected ‘ecb heft semince unit, The we ofthis word order implies he Trond "i" "therelore” Note the diinton: ne oe BND 2g8 THT waited for him Dw aim ra) TH 3AM Sod waited for him ns toe “4 rom9D1 B69 7. Did you come? ‘pina a0'3 So you came Lasiow 18 ms Wherever 9¢ i ned a the impersonal or expletive subject ofa sentence i dropped inthe coneative order: ten 9 re oF evry warm We ayrw 7 The sn shines, 20 ts warm woo wa op People ae walking wou yr dwar tw ern Today i 3 oliay 0 people are ‘walking Buc where op fonctions a the logical subject where i refers to an amecedent neuter noun, ft Fetaned Sn the consecutive on ow sow Wr op Hei ey ile ‘ww wires Me Pe7a OFT The book dv ic ery ‘ile ni Eoin mal ee enn Conjonton qo acd withthe imperative hen the meat ose imp os = "Ta 967 ¥9 34 Give me the book sing T2 OP TEE Bere won TH Ym? Let w become sequined vwapea 9q7 we So ets beeome sequined ‘amp Pa 9) Who cme? rami snp So who ame? 3. Adjectives in the Predicate ‘wehe 7 wouN ET = obe Nt oe VT 30M eT a In the predate, adjectives are either without an ending (en their bine form), o they are precede by the indeite atcle and Is eal emia ending, rac maline 9 nm nine = But neuer adjective inthe predict, when wed with the indeite aie, hs the ending = ERE TH 0768 OFT = EE 7D OT the bse ofthe adjective ends ino, second b temo add: DU Pa TaD OT — OT FT BET In the plural ofall gender, the predicate adjective ix either without an ending, or asthe unl plural ending >Py CCoutese Yona oe 3 ooe “Y= be we on Foe Din wd t= Be BI Bw Jone 77 = OPE TS PHA 4, Hot nd Gold 9 EBT warms cold “this peo general ater sade in Vda ot in English sn the frm fan impenonal eten. But ‘De 70 re © 6) Tamed oe Fe @) Tamed ve PET an 6) The ide cold In ores wo expres in Yolo that someone fs eld cc warm, an peo corinne With he pr expr ‘Sein the lenge by he net objec. Mow equ’ {Ssintenences of it type, te Ine objet comes stint SSnence sin examples @) and (2) oy is hen omit thre ae 1 Ths oom warm (ube) Tre rarine We are. (fe) warm (nde objet) “The same conatucton wo expres ote aes ‘Pe fel goods Tam wel wrt ero Lee gey “This comtrcion diced frther 0p 71 |A. Conjugate in the present and past emer and impertve: yr asnatine 3 pp we Te PES 2 wT TH TIP -B Make complete sentences out of etch pair of awses: put the ‘econ late ofeach pat into the ensecutve word order. “KN EW HH Bw Pa we Tw) re Pew) HIT AP BT CheSPY FOND VT 2 tn orn T+ PWD PP TS TH 3 CUTE yep VPN FTG I HEN) AOS MT rep 9) He EI SAN wR inp nap) HoT THE BE BEEF Sy 8 ame 73 YO H PT PT) TE Ser woes ry 9 NP 89) FCN Bo TY ANT TAN BA Leow 18 e-FON8 & EN NK FOR) 10.0 HT Oe UE PR THEN) RIED BEN") AL GHEY FP 3 array BEA Ee 94h w DS PR HH) 2 “Sars 8 pn Bes BB ED OF) ae Te PF Ben 18 gD THEN EPTAIT TMP BORN CETDPE Om SET T+ (NEP OPP Put the priate adjectives into the appropriste infected forme Pm 5 WT 3 omm ra Mw m2 he re VIO PET UT Spay Mey BT Sm Ba ya TS S78 TT RY OFF Pe TIT OFT OMe “espPe EN Toms 0 BP a = D, Traralate into Vidi 1. 1am warm now. 2. The boys say that it scold. 8, Dovid Secs good ume contruction). & Dovid 8 good. 8, The ay it warm. 6."The room is warm and the children ae Sram, 7. fel gay Beene i sch a guy holiday. 8, The fe foe bad .Tranlte into Vid 1 We were al tailors i a small town. 2 When we came ‘America me were por 8. (So) we began to wrk. Then ‘ny cle nd aun aio came tothe United Snes. 5. We Sent them mone, they exme oon. 6. (The ies were ‘ery bad. 7. When people could no longer © Pe) come {o the United Sater many went Canada and wo Mexico 1 Many’ people remained in Europe’ 8. Whom are you Sralng fore (For whom.) 10.1 am wating for Rive, Th She has (ready) come. 12, RokM have You met (become seqesinted with) Mr Kuperman? 18 No.1 have teen him, Bot Tid ot Know his name (—how he it failed) Me. Kuperman, meet (get sequsnted with) Iny fiend Roth. 18. How do you do, Rok? 16. Glad 10 now you qsvare opm. Me. Kuperman. Trandate int Vie JEWISH PEDDLERS IN AMERICA 1. Many Jewish immigrants became paddles when they ‘came to America, 2 Many American peddlers were Jew126 ‘couzce Yoox 8. They were very important rear) in the dye ofthe poeers qr 4.‘The peddle followed (went att) fhe pionere and eld hem everything. wie) they ‘needed, 5. Many books tll us that the pioneers Bought thing rom Jewish peddlers when there were no towns yet, land no stores &- Often Jews fad the fs ores ty ot town. 7. Many Jewish peddlers bought stores when they Imad made alle money (=got ahead a litle. 8 In the Inege seaports (2yEDENED) there were many Jewish whole sale tader (ep raymew, 3 Fire they waded @oo) tith other counties TO) Afterwards here were any new ores in the new towne (eles) of this county: (hen) ‘many of the wholeale traders Began to rade in this coun fey Il. Many large cen, a Se Lowi, New Orla, Ci Gnesi, Louie, and. Chicago became Jewish centers (expen. 12 (The) American leraure aE) Sich deal with (copie about) the pioneers lo wre bout Jewish peddlers and bow important they were IS “They often Linked gtze® 7H the pioneers with the world at lrge (athe large word). 1 Afterwards when ‘the great alronds were built the peer was nt needed so much Gao" 15. Now we know how imporeant peddlers were in (lhe) American history. 16. For Jewish Immigrants, beter gryeys tines cme, Beco they had already gtien ahead (pat teae) ite i thi country. JEWISH IMMMGRATION TO THE UNITED STATES Yiddihapeaking Jews from Eastern and Central Europe are nown wate been i his counry as earl 8 colonial tne. But the predominant majority of Vddsh speaker came tothe United ‘State trom Eastern Europe inthe great emigration movement tht ‘began inthe 180 and reached ts peak etre the ist Word Wat "A numberof eaons have been given to count for this steam ‘of migration. In Auwrin Hungary, which included the province of ‘alii with large Jewish population, the poverty and shortage of ‘conoic opportunities song the Jewish population had reached Serious proportion, In Roma, the unfortunate economic pasion ofthe Jews was worsened by bloody pogroms, encouraged by the Laon 1 a gevrnmentn many cies and sown, Pll oppenion, peda Fy eong inthe resctonry pried fhe 180 on ater tab the reottion of 1M, weighed hesnynpon the Jom pray spon the ntehigen tai andthe lender ofthe wowing bor move tent. The inequality of the Jews betore the law, sch rene tion pn pcr of reece, tcanon fom school and ther Intigtien mde she statin cv ore silo endure Not the lent eso for emigration ste the oppenive peste om: ‘cition tw not only war the dak Eno with peutic se Jo bt cl wt» meow hah on tligous Jers since no consideration was given to thet wl fequtencnt. Abowt nee milion Jers immigans came to ‘Americ rom Eater Europe within fy yas 1m 1921, and more severly in T9P, the United Stats restricted immigation by law. The new secs egsaon was degned to clude pecially immigans from Souther and Eastern Europe ‘The anual nimber of inmigents wow Hed by Congres wo sou 1300, with xed quot aloud to each ety in Proper tion tthe number of Usted Str resden of 180 wh were orm in that county. The ence ofthis lw wa infuened by ‘cera hore of he perirtyof "Nore migrant ANHOU thee therin were soon completely dared by acl scent the quot ln with ight mdifetons remained in force fora ‘te erty years Ie Bi the Ent Eeopca Jew pacly hard ‘ine in I the proportion of iemigens fom Earn Barope hud been very small A prvpectvefnmigrant othe US. could er on the quota ofthe country in which be was bon, epee few of his subsequent domicile or ete. Thun, many people the worl! over ware ume to come tothe US. whet Quotas tthe “privged cots wae ing elle fo yas “The legion O15, inl Fort since fly 1 19, eae ed's eling of 170000 immigrate any fom the astern Hensipere with the pultion ta nny given ya the nates at noone county mere to resve more than 20000 vie. Other sie, the maton! origin quoter eliminated and the applicants {re now sled in accordance with a tatherivaed tem aed ‘on family reltiomhip to US. enor sede sino {nd eduction: anon the ata of rege rom plea! penece thon or natural elmerLESSON 14 apy yesrye +1948 “RY ND PERT NB TD w tree rye Ao BOW TH Boy 1 Ww ge Ye BBN yeME Tm, Ser ho Yor WBE ITP TH RET I Te PP MIN Hm Frey Ow [2 pan Ve MM Aw wT Nhe HN BT PY TET YD, IP PR app 1 eben sur TW PUEDEN wT NE Phe JEW Toe MET BON TF “PEEP TD a EP We BW) EPR YEE RO I BD EMME ne AT MeO Te Jee hen pub ea ye ye wap PAVE NP eb Bs PAE een pies 9 pe yeMn eMan apr ATA TNT Nb NE Pa 1 pBetD OMIT TO ME TW Te FHT AAPG TS PW SUNEPON PEA OEM JEEPS jee ANTE Te fy Trg ore TRAE Bey AM PIpTINW AON BNET hewn mg TC TINE yar pb pT PTB Mow BAN, or Ve FH JSP TENT NT FEN MS PS, Toe FR BN TK we OT BE Tet Mw Ne pa A TOU I JET ES TS EN PDE bps DHyIMN Nb payD BME ME TB BS oN Fo Pee Yn OD BEN ME REE 8 MCT xn PA DARE pNNPNNP Ne BYE PT ND AT ‘yeage 127 THB BONS Me PNET TA Teh TT erred Te Teh 12 PH TEENY ab EPPETNE TT Bmp tn wee wT TEE oY wy AD PET EEE oe So mp yA NT I pa MT Jom ENED wD ER sept TH TUININDY TK PARE we EPH MT WOHEP TET mi edad om. 8 UH" ed OG EE ven ey Lowe 129 eet mh ST ye PE TE ape aap TE Je yop wi Tag Te peop teem peg pa ob ro Eps erage Ben a V7 Te, Sepa ee Te BPP PPD TT AM I OD TT rs ope eu? a WT PET Pe EN aE TO DT BL OES Jee Pe MM BRT NTIS TI TT I Se ere Bp PRD PTO DS ONE Ne PMI “ay spend amp vowiee ‘VOCABULARY far oom» mats name (ao) sms © road q)amnagr +” (dich equiclent of "whore viyern = Abraham) ‘heir there 08 women's name [aban] © ete 33r8 © (Qaaish equivalent of ‘to kill wana | + Hannah) er aran tank gx) 2589 9 aes tihowand ex © wae: part) 0 mp7 © to Be, 2 QBN My eane © parcoltheciyepes esp aay Tear UNE Ww) oe Oe even sts) Yee © snnivenay of dexter yy + 4 aborer 37298 me NE to sarvive yp cha aap + te hide gohan) Than © Dekel of esate ‘enon ees ‘mun cyto sagt = thou par 8 aT yrs fom hee or ne aay fd (Cematy emer © Gentile nonJewish erro a errs hdfeor] pw ays Maid servant) oer aes ‘mean amp + olan oe tori prs efor ed © 0 ope for. ei ey © to forget goes wt © TO hope en todlgaie Set 0 PEE WE | Lore xn TENT velo Wars (odo Ieee10 ‘couzce Yost nobody, anybody we 907 * four 46+ (acendats 230") woman: wife gy) ‘m8 *1 © ‘Chrinian ) sory "oT * to be glad 7 rb to sual oe between mong YE © soghe oevery vr pave © twouble tons son) a © man’s nae OO] BE oar yaa (Pid equatent of, concentration camp Samvel) ron rey 9 ‘QUESTIONS v3 manera apy gn 2 FIM IPF MEIN {Boe Bee Ma fa TEP A Hae “WORE WT BEM Mk 2 TW DP eT MS 6 PRINT THD BE DEIN {pra Tp aeawe 78 THE BY RD BP ON AE TE 30 ogy seb 9 Para PE Pee OH Sr yeaes re me rae Mh al Hap) BH eMMSN Te yo oer a 3 noery Yow OP "BA ON 2 TOME, Jerre fe EY pasa a ry me OT {ys og IS na99 FHSS Baer HE ME DRE Me PES ‘ma FRE MB RD GRAMMAR Pomeasive Adjectives Laon i Ponesive adjectives, when preceding 2 noun in the sogulr, ‘remain in their bre form a all gender. Inthe plural, the ending 3 idded vo the base ‘wen re wp 1 Thisroom is mine fn ne ano:2 8) This newspaper yours ronan FT tg7 This Book is ore 1m the predicate, the posesive adjective has che usual gender ‘nding of I sdeciver nthe prediete (ep. 128); When sed in the predicate, i correspond to the Engi “long” orms:"mine’” your” “hers” ete: Nowe! ‘aes 2 my room ‘usm re Buy TUT thisroom i mine 3. Poueuive Form of Names of Pervont woo enn 17 “a eae to emia) wine Bint To obtain the pasesive form of name of «paso, the ending ‘> (without anspourophe) added, rx eyowae peo _azoeTago “wo epg [een] a oes eperiarayy ao" “The ending op ir added to form the poeive of amet end. ingin 0 Yo Bo Bo tos = BI and Ur But fa noun swith nal = asthe sues the aw syllable no farther {ed nsea, in writing, an aposeophe indicates the poset: sn onan 9 ‘4. Pomeasive Form of Common Nouns ‘om owe epr7e et Tao WwT HEP mney 179 & wa BynEA BONE wT “The pouewive of common nouns which denote animate objects Isao lormed by the aditon of the ending ~The form ofthe Artce and adjective i identical with that othe dative ese. "The ponenive form of 3 noun inthe poral Is arly ed “The following nouns have ieregular pomewive form: oo apr — Tor orm ant — yr 97 aves OFY — wunys WSN EDT — FORD OT con ot =se (couse Yost 5. Untaflected Adjective te aparung 1 1 yr NY a — TH APT 9 aprewrwn aFY— 8 iba eT — 8 pTMOTAT sp “aaa uN — IT AP UNE TH ATTN ano pens — aor PETS Some adjectives are formed trom geographical names. IC thelr tauren it op pags they ae noe infected. They retain the same form fall ene sid genders in the singular at wel a the plural 6.773 and TH amg 9 349 1 Tam gong to Europe ‘ong 348 1 Lam going riding) home ‘Do "2-7 Lam going (altng) home ‘72 meant to go om foot ony. rab means to go by vehicle boat, to trae fide, "The to Verb should never be confoed. 1 Adverbs Designating Place inp ra an Where i her fr ra oa Hels ere pow MW Hei there Adverbs indicating. pace are my where. here, ‘here. Its preposition precedes the adverbs Who #9 smotifed none 19 om where? wnt 99 fom here bg tm rough where? WT TIT through here ‘han ta upto where? TBHP upto here Seperate advert ae wed to india plac to which: sro ora 9m Where ihe going? “Yore a0 79 He i coming here Tre 0 0 He going there “The adverts are summarized in the following table: LES A = ‘omer | ony | om | _ cow Taro ect ee a I Laon as EXERCISES ‘A. Supply the poenive adjectives correpning to the prtonal pronouns ven in parenthoes athe beginning of thes \2rn 71 Tw oben — pa AE Be OH CH a Bey Co) 3 AMS — we WON ONT OT 2 Je Me ATR — OPN A IE — YM BOE Pe she aay pe Om 4 hn — Pe BMA we OS {oy 7 pao —— ore nene ° BN fet HOPE mmr "eo Ta (rw 4 aeoyT@ — Dw Bema er A FED — 9 BP 2D OY GH) 9H — TE nape Fe — C7) It fae — FEM BH OY 10S ‘Sopa — red Bes PORE OC) 2 SOE TP rn mem cow Ae PS — Bo Cw AD PT OT OI 1B Make entencss out ofthe following phrases, patting the por senive adjective dato the predict. For example: OP BP EP Ta Wer 3 we) anne 4 ofp rm 3 we oH 2 TO me Shan 9 wo Me PT UE FON IE ‘Shp TomaH 0 Supply the panei form ofthe names given In patentee (9Bee) 1 Hy EEINW 3B 2s GW BN SEN TT ne 7) BNE UTED ME TDP CWO 3 aS BED UY Phe GA") DEVE TaN MEMS ONY atiacithetat ern Be nm oop om TH 8 -SUFED Te DS OT OPS |SPESED QPEPROW ’7/Bw Epes 3H TS PY OT) meme (2areae) BIT Ge OF 1.1. Form adjectives out ofthe following geographical names 2) by adding the sic 9 ren 5 Wey A opbyoraeyy 3 omeT 2 be 1) by dropping fal 3 and adding yanry ‘Coutzce Vows Supply the corsec for ofthe adverb dvgnating pe: Te wo sah om 3 aN wR NY 2 MeOH Cm) MEA Pas gown ere vs TH S MPO oY TOD AT) Sore pe Bos mT sya ed MD € OE) Ne ows 97 9 es WET Oey ENED "2 TTB TOT ID Me EOE GE HIE IN IO SEI TUT TT RE 1312 pve ep (0) LA) TO PrN Ba Hn 1 eo 159 em Tub HH Tu LD MES BY Bw Tee eT Ben CSIC AE THM CET MET I fey re Bon BS DMM Po TS 8 Ne “Transat inte Vidas: 1 We hope for a warm day. 2.1 haven’ received 2 eter fiom anybody day. 8. We hope that Avro wil not lave ttl we are able too with im. 4. Meanwhile we mus live re We recived (apart of the} money, But not slot (=the whole) 6."The men have to fd the women have tog there. 7 els nt fr from hee. We ave glad hat nobody chime 9, Why heed ie ing from ts? 10. ‘Thin child always hides o rons way 1 Thank you forthe gif 12. Rivke, Esher, and their Ihobande visited ux yonerdy. 18. When was ‘er printed? 14. The rouble i that hee elven are ab ‘ray ghting 15. Is this the end ofthe road? 16. T have Terptten the rond fro here 17. Between un Tam glad that they are coming ere. 1. Iu them once, thre eas go. 19. We recive your git ahead of (=before the) ‘ie, 25 1 ited ther very (auc). YIDDISH COMPARED TO ENGLISH ‘Many sinilarides an be observed beeween English and idash exgrate Ia thoroughoing strc stady of the two languages, the common Germanic patents ofthe modern copnates can be traced, Some Yiddah words have slim denial “urn in Eng Tish: ih — en finger — va, ull — 8, ip — w9, and 0 ‘on, Often a ytematic correspondence betwee sound can be etab- lied on the bas of similar word. English & for example ore sponds in many words wo Vid hand — exe, wind —- 20%, fled — 092, door — V9, ee English often coresponds to Yiddish 9, 8 In earth — my, brother — 39, doth — hank por, Inia Eng requ matcher Vidash ¥ (en Sips to vs), wile medial and final orespond to 2: fr Fe () arma, foot ob, great — By, hor BOR ‘There sre outstanding similarities, ton, between Yiddish an English grammar, epecialyincontast to German. The almost ex ‘luv application ofthe pomenive to noune denoting animate ob jects sa ese In point. Likes, construction of Vidsh sentences evemble the English pattern mre than the German, in which the tech fequent far Femoved fom the subject. ‘An interesting dilerence beteeen Vidas and aglsh es inthe ovation of vert, Yidlnh achieves a wealth of diferent meaning by adding verbal pefines and adverbial complement to one verb ‘where Engh resorts to ferent verbs Here re teen vers which Connie of ee pls « pret ot» complement: apie’ fer tie come roimaayn come by, join westnn orue Tomevhat later poy. rive rope seen Ipeib abpreach Iyeoeet Iappen eres aries trooon accede Hops overcome Iroie'ie persk pBowe%e come along ps0 Come tems robin reece In translating thew cen verb English word with elven di ferent tre mut be wed. Some of he foureen Vidash pees and ‘Complements which acompl thsdferentation fm meaning have mila fect on shmont any ve to which they may be attached ‘Thus oe has the meaning of alongwith: yep" tae cong, vaste along (-njoin te oing)foraro eat together (it) tysvects work tgather (collaorte), and soon. There are aay Complements with conta meaning Other complements ave meanings which are not so comtant. Thus poy occurs with the Seep eae ee rete ee ua ae favbe, Tvtoyaibn pul wndomeath but i alo ha the meaning Llighty. nv sing to omer, hums prvrgar inp Aight, and so on ‘A sytematic uudy of Yih prefaes and complement forms par ofa move advanced courseLESSON 15 vary? yess brens pom 9 pr pb rns 2 pay my bom ry nb pret ovr, Peo BO BT yn Bey? hae Bayh) why yas vA BB yA BAND Bn Te JANE AS TAC PK AON wy NBA RYT WS TON SPE Tang] DDN aye ty Ne xe TST BBM OD THe sn pegs Tb ws pT TMB BgM POE ABEND OW TPT WPIGE YN saan Pn Pa YT PPE! BT en TB 3 OFT PUbTN P= LEP "$0 1 es opr ne Th OE aap pap TYP awe Bye avee pe pe Ps tm ye Pe Soy? UENW ay INE NP “mer 18 BNW DERE PH spp yh yer yeeera Bp WY TH ames ra TT rye THe Py wT “SUevaaN Me ae PT Tw Pp SMM BY BT PME WP PR Frente 1p TG BY SPB BPM TD PH Samer we nee 8 ag SY aaNe des pes ayes oe Te Ma ee i 180 PT 8 Be MWe Pe ITN Be EEN I ‘yas RS GDR ESP AB Bhyrys MP aR TN ME VT [BERDE BY BRA EYEE TH FEONP ME WP yen yom sbvpya yrs Mme op Tag sn a pM EB aU Laon 15 a” Sapna oye me ep Tm er. ae yBEM Tae Zprena os 7 PM Mops pep YOMMES PT THRE iy ne ene gy NE Mn PP Php De eT [BBS Tor Fa OF EMP w BDyTSYION NE FTN TN TDD CreNEA PH ERIN MS TNT YE ADB ANH ye Wyn ae Yow 1 ENB pa IN wy Pa Spee [SET TNT TA, Ba ow Fay. PT wt SSrevoya Tro yo Ben ENS for BENE MMe BOM BpT BA fone EaENME wT sng 4 1 SER TY BA PIPED WT Mb BT MH ee 180 YEN Te ASAT BE BEND Op 1 ESTINTS T sored, SC ERT THE SME YT TER ME TAS BST Syne 1ST Pw TY Teg IE TP TV! na pT ey yep BY TEM BW BRE PTT ANE pangs Ber rae te WT RP Ne PE PTPY TTS 2H Sma ta snr or so Wo pw TN PPL TET Ph 1 pionga tie bone Tee TOA WT TPP PANNE De DETT ‘Son Bagh St THINS we SENG 1 pM Te FTE ERIN YT HES oa EIT TT yey Bays fy oY pao PIN YT NTE iby a pees opyt PDS EM BA Ta GT PT rye Teo TON DANY Se PH TONE OPT ANGE To yt ME BNE re ae oy Pe pee weave Fy BANE: BWR fw eagynapa 4 ak sys Ns BBA TA BRM Ea [es Spang TGR Tp TREN YET MY eT SS NT Ne 8 PIUBYE TSUN PETITION PIPE MN BHT 9D pepe we BepD pM Te MO piv pers oy evry Aneya PVTAL TE yw ney “esa Tea PN8 Coutner Vino ‘VOCABULARY Sees horse rrpeiat Team a snmp ck re (fee the n yore con) cre sper fa 99+ eu sr (here furan te Jone eon ama me (Gel geen of sb) Jet fash ey sah vest] ye Tong. + learning anny tore DI someting, once ya t= Be [oxox] yon rm ams to judge: Prsheern] eee + ouy ight opp Bae = lose Be + prophecy [we] ss (owen Ya WE BY proper Fevenge (sexoMe) rapa wltnes foe] =) m9 ‘execution PDE sudden 5 + Pasover[pevexh) na °97 {or Peover neo tar to [eaashrerg Yeon ‘cadena unig © worse ovr ye 0 3 r+ treme ome foe wary out voli gape pa | bow {0 (pepe pape oom + hang innocent prineore direrssware tee [ae "o plant ich (eral sare “ox [etvenvsano'y) wars ‘he prophet El ploware () maar 97 amesee rm 7/2 proceed Goaepery 0 ys bore ‘oancend orignal aS aT ut (nt prison) er] an tose ree pees + mountain O93) 8 9+ beard mya) 7 fai (toxin) 3 ood ha oer =| Ia on aa ring pags + to thank Boner ‘© qonpsyy 7 ns push ones way hough and (oem ea w+ word eaBr9H) Sra oT + ‘oshow gaa + vay ot to a gov * Lason 15 19 to deep every tebe + on (ren) a to forge (Into) (700 TPR to sve pave; © sogive ay (9PAEDD DPE * eset, calm 9m © al) toca gempy en + sper) nae 1 ‘ord q) ra allow Live] m9 ‘lly pr ‘Old rane) BR 5T* rong Fin * ‘Tetanent ath q) 3700 777 prion eis} nino © mee yee ‘QUESTIONS sea hom pb 2 17a 18 PND eee TD BY ON A rs yay ee Bey A eee ee TT Om TB anys BHDW ToT 7 THT OFS Teh TI TBE Iya een gn 2 ny ome Yi BOD apy Ta {evans myo HEN OFT CA TT ET EO ber oon 0 mpm 7 1 apm sob EET OS SnoNY MF Dew IM pM TN ATK faa> aeeegs toe pen wT MN ER aw 2 1B a OFA NS WEG WT OAT BT IB HIN IT Span Ns I BE Og MM ho save Pe EP ‘GRAMMAR, 1. ature Tense er ea Te BH ww He wil eal us soon “The future tenes formed by adding the infaitive ofthe verb te the apyeopriate form of the nly, which conjugated as folows gn pm vo aim aon 1 sn am TH 99 eon ‘sm pun sgn eos var eon 2, Fatare Tents of 1 and yet TH by a epY oD ou TM OD ‘pa 19 pe Ba Bam aD oI TY OH POD Tite fate tee gin expressions meaning "here wil ea omitted, while pa is substituted for yoo.10 CCoxrer Yoo 3, Avoiding Redundant Verbs £9 wa rm aE AT a7 Jn the ae stench und cas cnn ements sn eh andi he nce elev eo In Vdd edandan of spe sled oy rein on the ae ons in the mid Pratsane ar bo 27 Le haw Wilh, at Teter a mt _ Th ihe ven th mca cue teem ain th ft iis norexrenel la Engas ohre hi oon inoue ti ‘en dr toh ninth Tm “ow TK andentadthe yo youd sorauimeyaar pani PE Tied he tok nd eid to mere mn 9 8294 wer 9 8 aN Te {or Uw ng ae THD Way Oe Eo Me ve nthe weed ce the toes ut nt fon, see om tat othe cu, he een otecton ‘ie enrol Soni nthe le camp he eae Sel crccton omit iat ow orb hs rts ceo oni ol a el eon Ths Son Ta enon vox WA yo ep Ye Pol oe ee, “ea 0B He a Ya bv limi rn Ya ey New emt resins ihe Ta Pu my wally cored So sod (isan) ode id ml) Jones ea Fm Te Surym m cored onto do (talon) Lee THT Mea He goon nd dof vw pene Pe) oh Heo rn sne 4 Uncomplted Actin Gnolng nt he Prevent so wy TH L hase been working hued and lta) Lewow 15 “ qo 299 3H ENE T hae ben writing her everyday 7 P1908 37 How log have you been here? Te en g1 13.7 The Been here since yeserdy Incomplete action which continie into the resent (xpreed in English bythe prgresive form “have ben =ing”) ts rendered In Viddihby the preset tems EXERCISES A. Conjugate inthe ftur ene mh A ntpme 3 pore 2 nes 1. Replace the dashes By the suxiary for dhe future tense any yom Bx — TH 2 UY TP RSI — saya — rw aes raw He — Oe ITH ‘yoare pot — ve 5 FER rm — eR A fare — oe Mews We XG) — 8 # nue Be San F be we We Mga ye Ty — ee Dees 2 10.20e Pp poy 2 — 29 9 (. Retell the page.” né mts in your own word, . Transit into Vida 1c Tundertnd Vids, bat my end doesnot. 2. He an driven car Cam ie wie 8.1 wl hep you, and my hus band will too. Should ak my mother for the book? No, don't 5. Everybody is (All ar) coming 0 vit ws In iethok oo) & Plse show me your room: Iwill ptt 1 Sometimes I play scer nd sometimes 1 o not. 8. 1s ‘Philadephia fr fen New York? No, ein @ 1 havent {ken your book. but perhape my ster has. 10. Yesterday Khsim wat at your Howse, but tomorrow he won't be 1 Were you a home when I called you? Yen Tat 12 ‘Sch thing sould not be bought Bu they are yw. 1S. The cil was very peaell yesterday. but now itn 1M, He wants oat you. Doe he indeed? 1.1 ate that yor like rach storie So do I 16, Yanber gave (350) me pit today, bat the oters did’. 17. I cout seep at hight Neither could Dovid. 18. My daughter Rivke wants tout atthe abe snd so oes my ile son, 18 Suen ttndertod everything, butte children dn 20. Why isue (Cousse Youn Your hands whit? 1 dont know why ic. 21. The people there made a geet uproar an they aay do 22. He has ‘beautiful brown eyes but his brother doen 28. Do ou ever (xa ®) wie such sung word? No, never do 24. The ron here (place lo whieh) was very long, bt we are already cow tothe cy. 25.1 ike the mountains. Whe doe Give the Yiaish equivalents of 1 dreamed, you dreamed, he dreamed, ete Translate into Yiddish 1. T have been beating many good things about you 2. Where have you been living? 8. My brother hasbeen sing school New York lr} two years. 4 Has your [Banilather ben inthe United Sater yry lon? Yeu he fas been here [or] Tong time. 6.1 have ben geting newspaper every day. 7.1 have been boing at. (is) thisstore. 8. haven bee sleping enough. 9. How long ‘as this able been standing in the rom? 10.1 have bee ‘rowing out all [the] old magazines 6. Teast int Vie Koo Father, ou teacher told vs today that people are de seended from monkey opus OKoR. Farum Indeed? Maybe (=lt can be that) you ae, but I am 1. Tramlate toto Vidi ROKHLS LETTER ‘we ornen: Robt what are you doing? orm: Tm woting eter tomy fend ‘owe Morin: didnot know you could (rent tem) tel ‘Rowmt Teant, But my fiend can't vend anyway. JEWISH LANGUAGES ‘Until he fal ofthe Fist Tempe, tat unl she 6th century ‘ea the Jews spoke practically pare Hebrew, the language of the Bible. Subsequendy, however, their language became, more. and ‘mote inluenced by Aramaic, «Semi tongue which was extremely ow 15 Ms issue nthe ih etsy A. The ised the Near Ea un 27h Tajo ofthe Jos pad vied to Arama ae mine cenoded inthe Gh cemry aw writen in er arnjnge Inthe meu, the Jee In he Helene weld pete nd wiht rn mse bea he ret Caen of many Jee in Medheranesn coat. fo FEE chew dveoped fh vernon of he eal ec. ‘Thon Jom tat moved Ino Kil and ether Ramanied counties uel no een pags of ee chor langngs pear Jeo verona came nt ce The eon of Spun ented & Joh angnge of ele 0900904 i i & ah = wn, Dihudemo (ao cle Jno Spanish in rec ere {ie an ai rm ofthe atgane edn sce erate Ch tn aon ly yn ep Ssh ad Portage) Jem in the ene Meieranean a SU bytes hte ne ade the Ameri Yha7 (couse Yin ‘was born around the year 1000, when French and Tallan Jews be {en migrating tothe Rhineland. “The phenomenon of Jewish language creation in various parts ofthe world sone of the ost interesting opis in the study of Jew and general cltre. Ici the tank of the linguist a0 the vo. ‘ial acento delinete the common feature in the vari Jew {sh languages: thon be wil be able to oui what i pee Jewish fe and clare, 2 well a to Wace the similarities and eon leas between various Jewish communities. This Bld sof great Inceret to general soci, too fr they can compare the aut iment of exginally smile groupe in various environments aswell ‘stay the functioning of cultural minority in dierent eng (Of a the langunges crested by the Jews in the dispar, Yiddish is mow richly developed and is farther removed from foi {Ke fa the largest lteratre ad the pester number Of speser. yop me 1 72 n aryme pe nN en ye Ts MA fade el ete ‘ayn Toy Bs PH Te BOT eT Re PD So TH Jeen wey, Ww HM TH aS pena Be 39 DEWME TT BD siyme he a en pywe 1a 7g n ‘ayn yee org fp RENN a {yr FEET wr Jp BEY aM 27 29m Yh wD wD = repre pw 39m Powe TH POH a3) ogra 3 Be ae yn ye Tab 1 7 A {yn yoo ne 7H Teghe TEP og FH ‘ayn Tee wns 1H TEBHE TEOPT cA Laon 15 me pm ser ye = vee ex MC EREE BP TH Ms young 23° only (pls init, mg Iie gk opr eer 38 longa stent 752 ety bundle of seam mer 5572 6 ‘o shout bundle ara oe ‘bread 2m Ft to wash Inundey 7 oT sal PrtLESSON 16 apy? yey BREE ee) bby Wy Oye Am AANA BEND Be ane er Ty TANS TZENT 8 IME WE Ny I IT Ba ‘By oy wpm aha apy ae BORE Hy PS By ap MS MTD A [Beye AEM BW AYA YON POF ERR IT BRN BM Te wohgh nbo 3yT 1 eI BOM TMs ZY Te TT aM Bo AMeWD DM IT ea OPT TN ya EM TIA BAA Spbeoe Ne wn TIP wee pho 391 8 opps he ay Bp wu an TFT BAM B71 Ww ounne pw mayne ee evs Tey DI Th ST Inn OFT any a TH DENEONG BUA TEN yn 3 ym Ty ANN pw NYS Be MD THR 3 Ben TM, sa TT op ESE IMME a De mn fepy? yp gm 24 by TW Fer UT WB AN, ST ESAT AEDES ged we epruyys Ime ay BMT “HEPA BIB BMT AM sop o1 anpbey “MYM BET NR, AGEN Ty ENP Me yr NS WT Ne SE eT NY TH em EMS BPR TLE Ty pee Mnaee PT Te 39 BET ‘8 BAR ERM TNE INR PR, THD YT NS Ay RNB PEGE TERY BARyD 39 3p Bh APTN wyP we Ne yo Tew FT TH PNET TUE Ty TPE Me EyyD Me yoyrya yn ap2 Fae oY mys tewaye Me DeMENT sfoy>eD PRT SSPE BB PET I Pang Bo WNP aye BERN TE Ep! Bs yD we OST. Sapome “ymd BP ap 2m PORT Tw Laon 18 ur erry es ee esr YL oe way Ne FS BO ST TE IS ee Bie eae aoa ae ee So tea Py TS MT TH TY ATS spore JnBe WE Tepe? % BY OY rb ub 1789 1 BY ap Po app pa SWE OPT REN IS ‘VOCABULARY eile ors) ya © tame Tread pina OF + qEREHONE Mw 2] EME fobeliew jms togpout small Poh cong) wees “wT GHENT! Mw Mas iacems pr oar ® 108 ‘be supped tong © Wo bathe ea) THE ‘be was up- eo BE" (porhex (793757 * ed to sox] young manry Couzee Yous (uninfected edjectveyposr3 + to (spIneT TH HITT Intabitant of Khelen: be drowned ‘in Yad flsoe, thats pov ogy om + 1 proverbial fot bering 3°88 “9 noodle ) wre yx (plus past artiiple) oe « to love tole pen 3+ woul Tove gah "= water yon eat + leat a9 ot ext 9 ‘oat of bead oma ah 8 een to fear (Worn) gn we + ceria 91 [shu (ay yom sgt toe (aha) ae Fe + surshoromne) (sal or maried prospective relation by to mary ov pa mam mariage) [ahows— (2) wa + fool ari 22 3y1 + xhasewn fact bride ‘dren my groumiobe to faith pray | bride thowwrats] shoe piece ferme} gh) mag 1 * and groom. engaged couple ‘ol avice ‘iver (D0 T+ to dike: to hate yoy eas © apes hllowphy yHROENE TT Jewens especialy ac) BIT # hh (2) Pb BT poy seuimentl, ooneen Troe * lative Jewes, fo count Pa aca to cmt Teegp + etch one everbody OT * oreeeper (9) 9OFT) PT + Banc, fates} gm) to fuahwons} ya roam + brdewobe ‘ake ity tomb we aur S0BF ory wa + Khem (own in Poland 992 tefgare carn ims) (Oficial Polish spling: osvim (yameyy pene + —Cheim) ‘QUESTIONS (Bx Betray “ye 2 EH HD DWT OT SO Bopp TH WM Aye Pa ogy 3 TPN Te Tt sa pm foo spy ss EappS m2 57 ON eg A TD ‘hrsns ap Be 8g 6 ewTD PN ESD wy ON CONS meee Em Lenow 16 10 fn be Be oe DS TM Omn ME AS TT vo ne ‘pray ng pe) 73 - ATOMAD OFT TH STEEN I GRAMMAR moms nhv it ore re wiht m2 mes a m3 mms Woe le m4 pores BES wes 2. One In counting of numbers a uch, ePm swe for one: amon are ‘Bat when one objet is peed, she proper numeral TT laine exncy he + poseive adjective inthe singular (ee 1) Sp Toe 208 pm eo re ame re onan ra Swng 9 ene song Tf FM aH 8, Periphrate Verbo an 03 saan an anon bana? enem Many Vidish verb, calle periph, const ofan invariable clement and an ity which i conjugated in all trex They Gre comparable to wch English vers at "tobe afraid” {hd several thes acura sili in periphratic vert. "Note thatthe invariable element, ike 2 complement. oops the hid fed place in the sentence 237 1 ag TH amen 0 27 3EN TE ray 39 1369-1 ana 9 De 37 38 Te fash 39 Yon aug 0 yn 37 TH10 CCoutece Youn 4 me and wiv and Tava Both mean to Belee. If the emphasis ison the Eoment ofthe opinion, on what is believed a opposed to some: ‘hinge hat might be beieved the verb ava is wed. Thi verb Inalaye followed by an objet cau begining wih te. ass va ew THT elive (hint) that we ought arep re rg 0-7 Televe (Chink) hat cold 1 the emphasis on the frmaes ofthe conviction, a8 opponed to asblicg he verb foe i ed. [p72 BY OD 9 1 Tcannot Believe it {OG 1H 99 WII MY Does he Blew in God? Avoid using the verb pa the cogate of "think" whieh ia ‘Veh denotes thinking only in phlbiophie srs Sornp nd ‘w7B wp OITA WWW Everyone undertands ie at he wr yO Sw! wr TH Tow everyone ofthese gi ‘The pronoun syram, mesning cach one, xerone, everbody, In veering to groupe containing both men and women, the rmuciline form ed “ry pats en wrowa 261 TH T have spoken with everone of WE thee people wip ed before nouns, means cach, every. Itt nok nected! wwe Nd TT um ow everyman, every woman and wy every eld Lesson 16 11 6, Phrames with 96 srvg how many, how muck? yp ee = 77g 50 many, vo much 914 too many, to much yoy were ys ae ery many very ch “Togeier withthe above adverb, the word eis wed instead of PE. 10 denote many, much. With °F. either word may be wed 1. Mathematical Expresions i (PLUS) oe x nm orn + ea re rm yo zy Pao OTP UDT OY BoM 8. Indirect Questons [om7 ep i) 2 10H TH Leannot hear whe & speaking wpe re ay oN 779 af Tell me who came ‘ant bt99 Bg a) On YH don know what wil happen In indirect quetons in which the interrogative pronoun (Le tap of gn tthe subject oy fe Surtd fer the subject. This i fot done, however, when the iterrogtive pronoun functions a 2 Semence unit ther than the subject ‘HP Y 9g WOH we 17 You can take what you want Vary bn oon TH know whom to al EXERCISES [A Conjugate inthe pt (ture, and imperative: “ew Jw hr TAT mn 2 he oT 1, Write our Yih sentences with me and four with yen CC. Write out the following expressions in word Beldel6 847s Nel BT Bedok SSRIS dak Bole W6s2 AEX GIS 1x Eto Mite AT Tm 9: ded Toy ete 22 Cousce Yow . Supply the proper forms of rT oF 7 seat abe marn op — 2 son ye eu Se — 3 nt — ow Fan fon ya cere Do WB ED a po yam bm TS Sw Mra me IP — A I yah — ne 7 ad i eb — oe S20 79 Opn 3 — yn Pet Ye Son HD Ba Son eam a pe we ye — eee ‘OT TT FE — spn 0a TH ‘Soy om apy 2 me — Se 1, Form complete sentenas, making indies quetions of lsu ven In parents bem 2 ave py eon oy o9 ee Pp pT TH BF) a BRT WS Ms OE MEI) PD ‘wn war oom Sm BIN Male A anon wp "yH) BAT TAS mE Imp 3Y oy Ben ANE 3a THA or 7H OSH OMT Ba FIR PUY TT er Ty) bh Peed wry 9 arma Oey eT: BENIN) HRA BEN TC TEND 1S TH IO. BE HS BPD ‘pen. om Transat into Vidi 1, How much are (ost) thee books? 2. Each book it (eons) three dots 81 dont belive 4. ame stad that hey cont mach (money). 5. (That 8) 1 dont have that (co) much money. 61 hate to eat home when ‘ny family ene there. 7” Have yo heard that I will ar 17 his ge? & I love her (jou know) 2 ese sch? 10 No, not too ich. IL i she beni? 12 Well. she He lever IS. When folie lent, te Believed that he it ‘eter. (Prover] 1. Every foot thinks that eis ever, [Proverb] 1S. A foot ve» clever person tes. (Proved) 16. fool has a beau worl. [Proverb] 7. Fools grow without train [Proverb] 18. A fol sis what he Knows {nd lever (one knows what he aye, (Proverb 19, When id this young man become engaged (a bridepoca)? 21 Ie sems that Khone wil become engaged. (= bride) soon. 21 pty these poor people 22. God have pity pon Leow 16 183 ‘a 23, 1hate people who shout 26 But I abo don't ihe Prope who give advice to everybody. 25. The child so Bid. 25. The dent ar supposed wo coun up snl) tweny. 27. When its bot we go sinning (inte) the river 28. The iver i dep 29. We 6h (orbs in the river. 80. What ate you Sgring? $1 ‘When you get married Twill give you agit. 32 He feels [ms] good Gee p12) as» fa in water, YIDDISH PROVERBS Jewith fotlore is of peat interest not only to people studying Jewih elie but ao to udens of comparative fallre. That ihcre we similarities in the folklore of tan. peopls is elk own fact Bat the move the atal proceac of foilre difsion fre sae the ore the active roe Of the Jews ab agents of ifr ‘lon is Brought to light. Beene oftheir wide dperion and thelr parigpation in trade and commerce, bot fternatonal and Teal {he Jews mere for centuries in a positon to cary popula lere fom ‘one Old Werld country 1 anther. Yiddsh folklore contains many elements adopted from other peoples, But even geste is he numberof rial Jewish proverb, Jokes, anecdote igen, and sonpceted inthe Biblical and Tab Imodic tradition ar well an he context of subsequent Jewish cok Tective experience, Much of this sl usecorded. Only small ‘ar ha 0 far Been ranted ino other languages ‘Yiddish proverb deal with many subjects. They concern buh very lie and man’s highest pursuits Many of them are bed ‘on punt some of hem thyme and ae therfore not completely ‘tulatable ito iiomatie Engh, athe examples blow, ad ee wherein this volume, wil show. But ‘even in tanlation these Proverb eain ve of ee original pci aver ‘About human notre, for example, the Jews say: “What cree people now sno vere.” ‘Lack of imagination i ried inthe proverb: “A worm yng ln honersdnn thinks there nothing sweeter nthe word” Lack of ‘loderacon isthe theme of thi "Show pig» Enger and he wll, ‘rant the mle hand" About excenive reine fo extn, the Jews say: "Dont show a fool uninihed work" ‘The following ae4 ‘Coutsee Yous some ctnervations on the wayt of ie “He who dances a ll wed “ing wil weep ater ll deat “One needs uk even in bad ad ‘rte car et in the wine, the Heigh im the summer, the horse ‘About faces the Jem sa: “You can tll fool by hs fae and ite man By his yen About word "Word should be weighed, not Cunt. Regarding the fequentexponie of Jew to expropriation and expulton tere I thie proverb: "Jewish wealth i Ike snow in Mare” ‘Aust ofan alternative wo perseetion, namely conversion 1 Chi ini he Jew sty with thelr tongues In thir chee "A Jew i tester of thts convert he canal be converte, while a convert, yr jenna 7y MH WMS BENE AO PAG ED pie BANE ARE WEY Me OP DE SWayeTWE ws PH DEP NF EN arene skye ahve TRAE TE YE TE oye pure Dae PSHE toy peter ppb 2 are ore ‘ar re Tap BPP BHM Arpnbe en pe ID BP OM rine ne a pe. DP on _syrerme Lamon 16 15 rae weber ayn ona “257 WO oP BPN TEP MEP “rynBnn Bs THD HP ISP S78 1 BE PN WRN tex ve sy = ee fool er to humiliate ope-at one rev vithout 1 aalaika gpobabea 7 to long ra heart Pet OF woay pamLESSON 17 prep pomp preverme pes fo ay ame pa Mas Gh SIAN He) 1540 1 Spb Game STI ANE TMS 78) 4800000 Ty 1 3600 1 ZPMPOR TH ENDD (BME pAb) 59000 ws DE Fensoreiyn yey? a7 wb (ONT ye Te BYE 1M) [BE FY MD PPT) 1672800 Bp AFT ANCA TT Mem mee en vio see * a we roa rte) yd wrap Lasow 17 co (pose pe 12) 67 Da MT NB aT eae pasa Tn Boe Tae Bape (PONT PTT) SF PSTN TH TTI A Sty OPN GT AN IST DI PE ET 1S PH SPIO Sor he 12) 10995 000 WS Ws IM pe ITN TT PHM 3008 3359 Jaap Wa TY (EME pee Ne ANB EAE ve SET) 18500000 7p Tw DN aT WT TT (POET) 9 SPPEN Tw RAW (HEH) 80 THY TS 07 aT ‘eter TH Thee PEIN BD OMT) DASH TH ET neTETYTUN) 15 Fs TH MT CHEN) 18 TPE TM SNe RONN TH ENP TSHR WM WHIM PH PPM TH Sete 1 Expy (PS) 80 pm TIN NN TN Tp 1 YW "EMME yD, PMN FO re PE YTS BY EAE ERB FOPUINMB oT MCT TH AIP? TP 8 MH Songs peesyo ° pres yO SPE IT 2B wT VT seponya gr TR YoWD YT PIP MM ta OND ‘apabpe MH ET ND FONDS ETM BY To, JENeyE POND MT BET APRTT H y yg oma yO ayes PH BAR TOD Ne omy A BOP AY LB BMT IM remy) TT Ben OT .rnpn ben yeas 2 1 Ne — Wem — ma prego — mo pean — me irene tramp Nee — rae reo ty nae — fepenyn ne 37 ye Ber eB bey? MweNT TY — emg yo We Tmry Coutser Yorn VOCABULARY Saturday es rae + ear me om oe ceting European eee inesy puis + oneandahalt HEE seats ooo9 77 perhaps erhea) ob © mainly (oon) Spe AP + ‘athe 3or3 fontheground 79 "FTMTY the watch ovo ya PN ovens] THT working approximately to belong 3m erent (=) orga 351 Thunday PEI + he erentage rm era “Tuesday pore + of Jew thiny em + ofall ytya rw rat = utah! 3 8 fy pee © 3 hundred SF © forty Prw8 + oay pms Friday proms + sunday prem + umber (peso setch, clock 26972 beets of 3 + census B98 7 to etimate 1299 © Monday pene + Saterday hans) 39 © Wednesday era + hour ho)" qm) 98% © more "93 + foshou qe) INE + Friday weg we pemnb =e ening ‘QUESTIONS. badeduechabebenebast shart 1B Spr Pa BD Tm bam 2 ye SEM [yr Te eayENOK ye BEA Tm Sons ow EER her eb orm ie cureee Se A rarhorebgh ae Sen 4 pry Iw oN EM Te EEA HEM BIE TO 18D TD DP ON eT tke Te IT BRIE RIOT WPT yen 91 Fe ago oS Las 17 159 GRAMMAR 1. Larger Numerals ‘wim 100 pres 2 rw owt tot panes yw 121 ‘ny wm 102 pss tt 22 ‘on arora 108 rere tw 2938 fo ow Ht porn pera prngee owen 120 Pus « Penge tw 19 ew 126 rao 5 ‘owt 19 40 rant 70 sm ewan or 6s pape 80 ‘The number: 99 MeO OWT FHT IT Yay ‘The yer rus ie oe rato LaF ‘aries 200 penne wT 8 BI TT M29 prmet 8og TIA NS BMG ST TS ‘or wy 10000 fewimn 1 ware pas i ms 2900 ‘are pene pe ard wun 8 425200 vere rw s2onc0 vera 19 sconc0 vere pws win Moses [Note that hundred ijust wyram. without any atc rm hundred. Simla, pat ¥ means about a thousand. dopo vm — 33 vam ope pie ne ge — 8Saturday (shanes) 1a Day beloe yesterday ORI Yesterday yeast Today son ‘Tomorrow BD Day ater tomorrow BEE WITH ‘Telling Time smart wr rt 9801 What tne ii azn Yeon» BI 8 7B) AC what time (wil you come)? wo & eae 9 7 the 25 ones ROE Tee a ee ee rhe me DEB) oom Lewox 17 18 ce pea EMD HOD Te He HT otdock am (min the morning) ‘am 1 930 UE WH She wil come fa] 9:80 pm. (ein the 1 240 TOI 790° The play warts [st] 240 pm. ows logon 2g) 0-8 1130 11:80am. og) 7212 ago 312 TZ noon: 12 midnight rg Aaw "TH two hours ater pony we ws ove minutes ago [No preposition i ted before expreios of time: “UPt g rm woo MED He came at tree odode vara pvr 1373 7m 7 J wil tay for three sinus Here area few more iioms about watches and clack: a an eT The watch i working roe sya SPT The watch has stopped tv’ api 97 The watch ft (running) amp awe The watch lw (erating) ‘Other ways of denoting time wil be described at more ad. vanced wage hee row oy ang How ol are you? ones rw 1 Twen-one Se pea pe re Pa Te Lam engsone yeas old EXERCISES 'A. On the basis of the following table answer the quetons which are given on p1616 Cour Yoon 961908 ABE BRINE TT TRETOR lejereceeces TMocdasan Matakana Seon stm ras pst me oben 2 1526908 ya Weer D IT PT TIEN Tw A TT tive ona Mears * Yrs Ps eapaewe. Cisse). sno i9is yore ATR PN IG BINT wT Sem 7 usa0 a To we 8 OUD DI On US 1308 Jom TBE FOP TIAL Ne RR TAT Pv YE BN HAO PD ORGS TSE KS ,Subatute the names ofthe dys oF the hours, for the phrser ven In prenthere 1 CeETIMW he Mm BR Ta TH gO MK oI Seb (HMB aM TTD Ba-TH HN (OE) HK AE) 12 BEY (HD) ewTUNT DT Me IH 2 oY TH 98 Pm Fw 3 awe Baw Pa FS ww TM a) A Aa pe mE To TEES ry HT TH 7 Sar 0-1 US nmin and Neeraletion Sve oft De armen of Jie ing wi OH, Jon eing te US Deno oer ieee cra fV0, The Clair eth gn ond {eimpieaiow,New Yo 18 6p.‘ fue fr te fat lowing {nether bl on enim CL Thera Je Yer on os er iit, tn tesa Report of ae Sony, Webi, Be Leow 17 Gene te i pe Sen TH a OT we PI Seve Seb pose 1 SEW 6 ep pH TP {are mye 2 19 We BIN PE . Supply the mising phrases: rm one gn aber pT mw Bm OM BE IE NH ‘Se ase eh es ae — ap wh Pea oF ef Bw 1 BoM BI Pw A Sper py oom oer ge Boe 7 Me Bom IM SB TE nce BSN BE CDE POT A Tae UE Te NE Tw . Wile out the fllowing expresons in Vids 3654+100—465 —877-$00—488 100 x 10-1000 21g lik AGRS—18,002-9852-8.150 fe toenssogen Moo 1100 x 0=0 Translate into Vidi, writing out numerals 1A year hat $05 days 2 1f we (hall) Have (fom) here by tin a 545 poms we will cme home before 12 id fight. 8. But I seems that thre & 90 uain at 548 pm. 41 You wil have to wat fortwo hours, Because the leaves a 7485. Everyday Tea thal pst seven 6. At ‘minutes pat 81g to scoot, sod I rman there for six or seven hours 7, Sometimes (Once) Thave to remain only tivee hour. 8 Inthe event Toten sty fortwo hour 9° finish working round 10 otdock. 10 In the United Stats there are ener two hundred lion people. 11 He iave re $10 co uy (hia) new pars for is old car 12 ‘Fish wae (alendy) spoken thousand years ago 18-1 ‘rant you to vst us onFhurdayagun. If, Pense come at 50, and come on time. 5, You can even come at 8 ‘lock 1. Perhapa Iwill bring my wie and my des ‘rem if tia Friday night. 1. On Monday I have t goto Srork a 740, and the hldren have to go Yo achool a 8:20. Te. Guen how old Lam. 19, I tlie 24.20. No, you havent guened (it. am only 22.21. How old wat you father when he came to Amerie? 22. He was between ‘ity and Kory. 28. But my mother exe to this aunty 1686 Couser Yount when she was three years old 24, The child has been crying for wo hours (alread. 2, What ime isi now? dont ow, my watch as stopped 26. think it 8:17, but perhaps my watch slow 97. Tam aad that my watch ine an 28: The big clock spe (hows) 8/8, while fay watch sayy (shows) $25 (aedy) 29, Four dayt go i ll ft] water, ant I don’ undertad why el ‘orking, 80. A watch that has topped i bewer tha (1) {vateh that works Balyy for even a watch that hat Stopped shows the cocet tne twice» dy [Yiddish prow: ‘) BT wrote my ster yesterdays perapa she wil ge my Teter tomerrow or the day after, 821 cannot talk f0 you vile Tread "THE YIDDISH PRESS “Tiree Yiddish diles were publhed inthe United Suter in 1968: semnernnerane 77 (The Dey Morning Jounal pemnb (The Moming Liber), and scyny6 391. (The. For ‘ard. The fist of thee came abut trough the merger, early in 1988, of two separate newspapers. The oldest daly now in existence Is the Forsard, founded in 1897, The Sse Yodih periodical in the United Stats was the wekly boys "(The Pot) in 167071 ‘The fest Vidih daly in the world seems to have been “Wi ewxiie very (The Jewish Telegraph), which appeared in Bucharest, Rumania, fom 1877 to 1878, Since then the Yiddon tes has developed tremendously. Between 1585 and 1887 thee trere as many a6 250 Yiddish periodicals im Poland alone: incladed im this namber were 27 dacs and 100 mech, ‘In Guar Rusia the birth of «Vidi pres wat delayed for tong tine by heary government reswictione As ary at 1828, a9 sttempt was made to publish a Ydh paper, Phe Obtrocr om the Vistula Between the teenies and sti several unsucental a tempt were made to obtain the government's persion to publish ‘newspaper in Vidih. Not undll 1982 did the ese $9 [kon evan), The Announcing Voice, appear in Odees as Yiddish supplement to a Hebrew weekly. The Announcing Voice vat an ‘important milestone in Yih journalism. It educated the modern eater, eniched and wandardined the language, and introduced ‘Lawow 17 rt Mendele MoytherSlorim and many other important writers. Ine Ciena, the very Sr ate of the ste dele withthe Amer ‘an Gl War ‘As far as we know, the sembwechy called tee (Courant), hich speared i Amsterdam, Holland a 1686, was the ist er tlic newapaper ever tobe publshed in Yiddish; bu the Vidish row never developed exenively in Western Europe unl the be- ining ofthe cath entry. ‘In 1968, Vids dlies were also publsed in Tel Avi, Irae (1); Paris France (8); Buenos Ales, Argatina (8). The mumber of peviodials. ranging fom publications appearing thee times & ‘eek to montis, tied as 119: US.A. and Canada, 44 Central th South Americ, 29; Europe, 2; Irae, 17; South Aiea, 4 A is and New Zesand, 2