86 SOUND POWER LEVEL PREDICTIONS FOR INDUSTRIAL MACHINERY ROBERT D. BRUCE AND CHARLES T. MORITZ 1 INTRODUCTION Procedures for calculating the sound power level or sound pressure level of industrial machinery, such as fans, motors, pumps, and turbines, are presented ‘chapter. These procedures can be used for mod- cling the sound levels in a space or for developing purchase specifications for new equipment. With any project, acoustical data for individual equipment, speciti- cally sound pressure or sound intensity measurements and sound power level calcul ‘accordance with recognized standards, should be obtained. Many man- ufacturers provide the estimated sound power level or the measured sound pressure level at 1m from their equipment as well as offer special low-noise options. If information from the manufacturer is unavailable, efforts should be made to measure a similar unit in operation at an installation. If this is not possible or if an estimate for a preliminary study is required, then the material in this chapter can be used. The equations presented are either entirely based on measured data or are semiempirical and tend to be conservative, usually predicting higher sound levels than are measured in the field. For some equip- ment, a large database has not yet been established so “The information from Ref. 1 is reprinted by permission of the ison Electric Insitute (EED) from BEW's Electric Power Plant Environmental Noise Guide, 2nd ed, Copyright 1984, all rights reserved, Neither BEI nor any member of BEI fa) makes any warranty express or implied, with respect tothe use ofthis information or that such use may not inftinge privately owned rights or (b) assumes any liabity with respect 10 the use of oF for damages resulting from the use of this information eloped of Acoustics, Volume Two. Malolm J. Crocker psig 197 Join Wiley &S estimates of the sound power level for similar equipment are presented. 2 POWER SOURCES 24 Boilers! Main Steam Boilers The sound power level for main steam boilers (between 125 and 800 MWe) can be cal- culated using the equation = 844 15log MWe, a where L,. is the overall sound power level and MWe is the electrical generating rating of the unit ‘The octave band sound power levels can be obtained by subtracting the values shown in Table 1. Auxiliary Boilers The noise produced by auxiliary boilers is often due primarily to the blower and the ‘burner and not the walls of the boiler. An estimate of the sound power level for auxiliary boilers between 50 and 2000 boiler horsepower (bhp) can be calculated using the equation L, = 95 +4 log bhp, 2 where | bhp = 15 kg steam/h. The octave band sound power levels can be obtained by subtracting the values shown in Table 1 2.2 Electric Motors Motors under 750 kW? For totally enclosed fan- cooled (TEFC) motors, the sound power level can be cal- 10491050 TABLE 1 Octave Band and A-Weighted Sound Power Level Adjustments Chapter 86 SOUND POWER LEVEL PREDICTIONS FOR INDUSTRIAL MACHINERY Source 315 63125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 A Main steam boiler 405 0 6 7 1 2 2 2 D2 Auxiliary boiler 6 6 7 9 2 Is we tm oO ‘TEFC motors under 750 kW wow on 8 6 6 7 2 ow Drip-proof motors under 750 kW 9 99 7 7 6 9 2 B WF 4 Gas turbine casing wo 7 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 Gas turbine exhaust 2 8 6 6 7 9 nH ow a 4 Gas turbine intake 9 8 7 17 4 8 3 3 6 Oo Reciprocating engines (<600 rpm) 2 2 6 5 7 9 2 8 w 4 Reciprocating engines (600-1500 pm) Mo9 7 8 7 7 9 3 9 3 Reciprocating einges (600-1500 rpm with blower) 22 16 18 14 3 4 10 15 26 1 Reciprocating engines (>1500 rpm) 2 4 7 7 8 6 7 3B mM 2 Reciprocating engine air inlet (turbocharged) 4 3B B 2 9 8 9 7 3 Reciprocating engine exhaust Oeste oy Steam turbines no7 6 9 © 0 2 B 7 5 ‘Steam turbine generator units 9 3 5 0 wm 2 3s 2 Transformers 3 3 5 0 0 6 - 16 23 0 Centrifugal compressor casing bo wo HW 13 3 m7 8 2 Centrifugal compressor ai inlet BB 1 4 0 8 6 5 W 6 oO Rotary and reciprocating air compressors Ho wm om 3 1 Sas Feed pumps (1000-9000 kW) nos 7 8 9 © HW 2 6 4 Feed pumps (9500-18,000 kW) 9 aes 19 eg 5 ee 11 estes eeceeds eee 7 eepieeee 23s Centrifugal fan uo9 7 8 9 9 B 7 ww # Centrifugal fan casing 306 7 Wo 6 Bw 2 2% 3B @ Gas recirculation fan easing 0 7 4 7 B » 8% HY H vw Axialeflow fan now 9 8 8 8 4 is 3 Generators no8 7 7° 7 9 nw 1 4 ‘Motordriven pumps Bo nN 9 9 6 9 13 9 2 ‘Mechanical-draft cooling towers (full speed) 9 6 6 9 2 6 9 2» 30 10 Mechanical-drat cooling towers (half speed) 9 6 6 Ww OD Hh nu mw mM 5 Chiller with reciprocating compressor =— 8 nu 7 1 4 9 ww = Oo Chiller with rotary-serew compressor 3 1 1 3 6 WM 1 2» 2 5 Centrifugal chillers, internal geared —- 8 5 6 7 8 5$ 8 = 9 Centrifugal chillers, direct drive - § 6 7 3 4 7 2 5 oO Centrifugal chillers, >1000 tons —- uu 8 8 4 6 8B = oO Diesel powered, mobile equipment -— u 6 3 8 » Bb » 8 5 “Dependent on blade passage frequency. culated using the following equations: ‘The octave band sound power levels can be obtained by subtracting the values shown in Table 1. r For drip-proof motors, the sound power level can be apc cease tea calculated using the following equations: + 10log A (under 40 kW), @) Ly = 28+ 10 log kW + 15 log rpm c pee es 5 +10log A (over 40 kW), a) Me acme . Y Ly = 234 10log kW + 15log rpm +10log A (over 40 kW). © where kW is the nameplate motor rating, rpm is the speed at which the motor is operating, and A is the conformal surface area (in square metres) at | m from the motor. For TEFC motors between 300 and 750 kW, use the value 300 kW in Eq. (4). For drip-proof motors between 300 and 750 kW, use the value 300 kW in Eq. (6). The octave band sound power levels can be obtained by subtracting the values shown in Table 1.TABLE 2 Octave Band and A-Weighted Sound Power Levels POWER SOURCES 1051 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 A ‘Source 358 Electric motor 750-4000 kW (1800-3600 rpm) 94—«96 Electric motor 750-4000 kW (1200 rpm) 88 90 Electric motor 750-4000 kW (900 rpm) 88 90 Electric motor 750-4000 kW (<720 pm) 8890. Electric motor 750-4000 kW 8687 (250 and 400 rpm vertical) 1200 kW Triplex mad pump 102 108 Mad reconditioning degasser 7% 83 Drawworks 96 104 ‘Top drive 9897 Natural draft cooling tower, rim noise - = [Natural draft cooting tower, discharge noise - = a rr Oy ii 2 93 93 96 9H RB 9 93 938928375100 8 88 88RD 108 105 1049993868305 82 87 94 94 «95RD 109 112 112 108-105-2961. 100 110 105 100 10096) 108, 105 104 106 «108 11012, 100-99 101103057 tos Motors between 750 and 4000 kW! The sound Power level for large drip-proof electric motors (between 750 and 4000 kW) can be estimated by using Table 2. 2.3 Gas Turbines? Manufacturers of gas turbines will likely have sound ower level data for the exhaust and inlet. Obtaining accurate casing data can be difficult due to contributions from the inlet, exhaust, or other equipment. The over- all sound power level for gas turbines can be estimated using the following expression: Ly = 127+ 15log MW (intake), o Ly = 133+ 10log MW (exhaust), (8) Ly = 120+ Slog MW (casing), 0) ‘where MW is the power rating of the turbine. The octave band sound power level for each of these sources can be obtained by subtracting the values shown in Table 1 2.4 Reciprocating Engines? ‘The major noise sources of natural-gas and diesel recip- rocating engines are the engine casing, exhaust noise, and for turbocharged engines, the air inlet. Engine Casing Noise The sound power level for engine casing nuise can be calculated using the equation Ly = 94+ 10log kW+A+B+C+D, (10) where Ly is the overall sound power level of the cas- ing, KW is the full toad rating of the engine, and A, B, C, and D are correction factors obtained from Table 3. The octave band sound power levels can be obtained by subtracting the values shown in Table 1 Al Inlet For those engines with a turbocharger, the air inlet noise can be calculated using the equation Ly, = 95+ Slog kW ~ * ay where Ly is the overall sound power level of the air inlet, kW is the full-load rating of the engine, and lie is the length of the inlet ducting in metres, For engines under about 340 kW, the calculation for the casing né also takes into account the air inlet noise for both tur bocharged and naturally aspirated engines. The octave band sound power levels can be obtained by subtracting the values shown in Table 1 Engine Exhaust The sound power level for the unmufiled exhaust can be calculated using the equation, Ly = 120+ 10log kW T- Em, (42 where La, is the overall sound power level of the exhaust, KW is the full-load rating of the engine, T is a correction term for engines with turbochargers (T = 6 if the engine has a turbocharger, T = 0 if there is no turbocharger), and Techs is the length of the exhaust in metres. The octave ‘band sound power levels can be obtained by subtracting the values shown in Table 1. 2.5 Steam Turbines? Manufacturers of steam turbines will likely have sound pressure level measurements, but they may not have been,