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    Electrical Machine and Transformer PDF

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    AN INTRODUCTION TO . ELECTRICAL MACHINES AND TRANSFORMERS AN INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRICAL MACHINES AND TRANSFORMERS SECOND EDITION George McPherson University of Missouri—Rolla Robert D. Laramore Purdue University Wiley John Wiley & Sons ew York © Chichester = Brisbane © =~ Toronto. «singapore ——— Dedicated to the coming of our Father's Kingdom Sopyright © 1981, 1990 by John Wiley & Sons, Ine. {Ul rights reserved, Published simultaneously in Canada Reproduction or translation of any part of his work beyond that permitted by Sections 107 and 108 of the 1976 United Ststes Copyright ‘ct without the permission ofthe copyright twner ic nln. Raquests for permission 2 frter information should be dressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Date: MePherson, George, 1921 ‘An introduction to electrical machines and transformers George MePherson, Rober D. Laramore. — 2nd ed pom. ‘Bibliography: p Includes index ISBN 0471-63529-4 1. Electric machinery. 2. Blectrc transformers. 1. Laramore, Rober D, Il Tite, “TK2182.MB2 1990 9.33659 621.31°042—de20 cr Printed inthe United States of America wos 7 654520 PREFACE ‘Much of the preface to the first edition of this book applies to the second edition as, well. The changes found in the present edition reflect the suggestions of people who have used the first edition as @ course text. They usually wanted certain additional topics included, and we have endeavored to satisfy those needs. However, the material in the first edition filled to overflowing the standard three-semester hour course in electrical machinery. As a result, for students and teachers who will be involved in a standard course, the new material enhances the value of the book as a reference rather than as a text. Even so, we believe that the book has been improved as a standard text by the use of better notation, by clearing up some obscurities, and by the substantial revision of the transformer chapter. "he major contribution of the new material to the book, as a text, is that it allows the design of different courses. An emphasis on small machinery is possible, for ‘example, by using the sections on PM alternators and brushless de machines in Chapter 2, PMDC machines in Chapter 5, single-phase induction motors in Chapter 6, and special motors in Chapter 7. ‘The new Chapter 8 presents the “energy conversion” approach to the calculation of magnetically developed forces. It may be used for a machinery course by using the text material in the following order: Chapter 3, “Transformers,” first 10 sections; Chapter 8, “Forces and Torques,” first 6 sections; Chapter 2, “Synchronous Machines,” first 11 sections; Chapter 4, “Asynchronous Machines,” first 12 sections; Chapter 5, “DC Machines,” Sections 5.1 t0 5.8, 5.10, and 5.14.; and finally the remainder of Chapter 8. A similar plan has been used quite successfully in a senior elective machinery course at the University of Missouri-Roll. We express our appreciation to those who helped us in the development of this new edition, particularly Dr. Arthur Miles, now at South Dakota State University, and Dr. Elias Strangas, now at Michigan State University. The section on the isolated asyn- chronous generator is largely based on the thesis of Professor H. Ouazene of INELEC, Boumerdes, Algeria, and we are grateful to Professor Shi, Chuanli, of the North China Institute of Electric Power, Baoding, Hebi, China, for providing us with two of his published volumes of problems, based in part on the first edition of this book. We are appreciative of the assistance given by the reviewers of this book: Professor Harit Majmudar, Worcester Polytechnical Institute; Professor Allen Drake, University of New Hampshire; Professor Richard Hoft, University of Missouri; Professor Arturo Miles, University of Missouri; and Professor Frederic L. Zeigler, Lawrence Institute PREFACE of Technology. We are especially grateful for the secretarial assistance provided by Janice Spurgeon, Krista Fester, and Connie Knowles. Additional thanks are due to for her work on the Instructor's Manual. GeORGE McPHERSON RopeRT D. LaRAMORE PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION | wrote this book because I needed one like it. It has developed out of a quarter century of teaching electrical machinery. More directly, itis the product of nine year's struggle to teach a meaningful course in the subject in only three semester hours. Such an objective may well be impossible of attainment, but this book, I hope, will make it more nearly possible ‘The book contains sufficient material for two courses and some practical information that may be more useful as reference material. The early sections of each chapter form the basis for a three-semester hour, junior-level, electrical engineering course in ma- chines and transformers. The remaining sections may be used for a second or elective course ‘The book has several features designed to conserve class time. First, the figures and text material are quite detailed, and I have attempted to answer questions as they ‘might arise in the mind of the reader. Thus the lecture may be used to confirm what the student has leamed, rather than to break new ground. The so-called “energy conversion” approach to torque has been abandoned because it requires much class time in developing concepts of use primarily to the designer, Instead, torque is taught 4Qualitatively on the basis of attraction and repulsion of magnetic poles and quantitatively fon the basis of conservation of power in the steady state. Finally, each device is discussed in terms of magnetic fields first, voltages second. This sequence makes it unnecessary to backtrack in order to explain the origin of the flux that generated the voltage. Each chapter follows the same general plan. The early sections deal with essentials — information that should be a part of the knowledge of every electrical engineer. The ‘middle parts provide a deeper insight into the characteristics of the devices considered, while the final sections deal with useful information of a more specialized nature. This organization of the material may seem awkward and somewhat illogical at first. 1 believe, however, that this arrangement, together with other features of the book. will enable an instructor to plan a course (or a set of two) that will provide students with considerable insight into the operation and characteristics of electrical machines and transformers. In addition to chapter design, the special features of this book include flexibility, rigorous development of the circuit model of each device, and the occasional insertion of advanced material marked “For Further Study” in places where it should occur logically. Class time devoted to the logical development of each circuit model is well spent. PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION Today's student is impatient and uncomfortable with cookbook approaches to engi- neering. A clear understanding of the physical basis of a model allows him or her to tase it more intelligently in the solution of problems. For ths reason, the development of each model has been made as rigorous and truthful as possible, considering that the book is written on an introductory level. Bli and Blv are not mentioned because they are inappropriate for application to conductors shielded from the air-gap flux by iron teeth From the standpoint of course planning, 1 have tried to make the book extremely flexible. Curricula in which prerequisite courses are weak in magnetic and/or three- phase circuits are accommodated by the inclusion of appendixes on these subjects. ‘The internal organization of each chapter contributes to this flexibility. If an instructor feels that synchronous machines are more important than transformers, he or she may take the class deeply into Chapter 2 and dabble only into the early sections of Chapter 3, The book is designed for hopping, skipping and jumping by making the later sections of each chapter more or less independent of each other. This permits the instructor t0 bee eclectic in presenting the theory and applications of each device. The chapters themselves need not be used in sequence, although synchronous machines should be studied before the others. Even this priority may be avoided (at some cos in clarity) by including Seetion 1.7 as part of the introduction to the course. Essential to what I consider to be an introductory course would be the frst 6 sections ‘of Chapter 1, plus Section 1.8; the first 15 sections of Chapter 2; the first 11 sections ‘of Chapter 3; the frst 12 sections of Chapter 4, and the first 9 sections of Chapter 5 ‘These can be taught in less than three semester hours, leaving time for adding more reat (0 the course here and there Perhaps most important I have tried to make each subject understandable to un-

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