Memory: Chapter 6

● The ability to store/retrieve information over time.

● MNEMONIC: memory trick or device
● ESR: Encoding, Storage, Retrieval
○ Encoding: elaborative, visual, organizational
○ Storage: maintaining info over time
○ Retrieval: bring previous info to mind.
● Encoding: people remember best with meaning and organization
● Confirmation Bias: tend to notice/learn info that agrees with what’s already known.
● 3 STAGES OF MEMORY: SSL
○ Sensory: experiencing something.
○ Short term: working memory -- 7+/-2
○ Long term: relatively permanent.
● Chunking: if something doesn’t fit in short term, group together.
● Rehearsal: can keep re-entering info.
● 3 MEASURES: recall, recognition, re-learn
● 3 kinds of memory: ESP
○ Episodic: personal experienced events
○ Semantic: facts and general knowledge
○ Procedural: skill acquired as a result of practice.
● Collaborative: with a group
● NERVE CELL:
○ Nucleus = brain
○ Dendrite = receive info from other neurons
○ Axon = sends info to other neurons
○ Synapse = space between nerve cells
● Emotional memories: emotions effect ESP
● Flashback/Traumatic: emotionally significant events
● 7 SINS OF MEMORY:
○ Transience: passage of time
○ Absentmindedness: lapse in attention
○ Blocking: ‘tip of tongue’
○ Misattribution
○ Suggestibility: incorporate misleading info
○ Bias: emotional opinions
○ Persistence: recollection that you wish to forget
● Amnesia: inability to remember
○ Infantile
○ Dissociative
○ Anterograde (after)
○ Retrograde (before)
● Memory as we age: slower but not missing