ESSAY WRITING Connectors and useful expressions 1. CONNECTORS Connectors [also called conjunctions) are words or expressions which we use to establish different types of relationships between words or sentences. When we use connectors opproprictely, we ‘organise what we say in a more logical, understandable way. ~ Twpes of connectors BONTEAST but (pero) although/though (aunque) in spite of /despite +noun or -ing /despite the fact that fo pesar de) .. however (sin embargo} nevertheless /nonetheless (no obstante) ‘on the other hand { por otra parte} ‘by contrast {por e! contrario) on the one hand ... on the other hand... (por uno parle... por otra...) In contrast to/ with (en contraste con) As opposed fo (en contraste con, por el contrario) ‘On the contrary (por el contrario) Alternatively (si no, otra posibilidad es que...) Instead of (en lugar de, en vez de...) The former... the latter (el primero... el vitimo...) Conversely (a la inversa} ~ ADDITION Furthermore / moreover / in addition to (noun phrase or -ing form (ademés} ‘As wel os (asi como} ‘Aport from this/that (aparte de esto/eso) Also (también) Besides (ademés) Additionally (ademas) What is more (Es mas) On top of that (ademés de eso) ~ EXARNPKE one such example is (un ejemplo es) SUCH as {to}, tales como} - in other words (en otras palabras) — for example / for instante (por ejemplo} let me exemplify this concept by/with (permitanme ejempiificar este concepto con...) that is / that is to say (es decir) ‘on¢ instance could be (un ejempio de ello podtia ser...) * fist of all (antes de nada) : fist /firsty (en primer lugar, primero) second / secondly (en segundo lugar) {ater / after that / afterwards (luego. después de ave... : then / next (entonces. luego. seguidamente} = finally /in the end (finolmente. al final) ‘once (una vez} alter (después de (que) meanwhile / in the meantime (mientras tanto) before reaching that stage (antes de ese punto, etapa, seccién...)= prior to (antes de) biter thot stage {Hs esa tase /perfodo) | ~~ subsequently (posteriormente) eventually [eventualmente} whenever (siempre que) while (cuando, mientras) ‘25 son as fen cuanto) before (antes de que) = until / til (hasta (que}) now that {ahora que} since (desde) for (durante) all of a sudden / suddenly (de repente) 50 that / in order that #sentence (para que) in order fo / 50 as to / 10 + infinitive (para) ~ RESULT .=05 0 result (of) / consequently (0 consecuencia / como resuttado (de}}) theretore (por consiguiente) _.. for this / that reason {por esta/esa razén) so / that is why / because of this/that (por esto / eso) _ hence (de ahi que) With this in mind (leniendo esto en cuenta) on account of the fact that ... (en vista del hecho de que...) bearing ths in mind (teniendo esto en mente} taking this into account (teniendo esto en cuenta) ~~ thus (porto tanto} + BAUSE because of / on account of (a causa de} = owing to /due to (debido a) Os 0 result of (como resultado de) by virtue of (en virtud de) — thanks fo {gracias o} following (a raiz de) ~ in view of / in the light of (en vista de) in The face of (onte) — for fear of (por miedo o} -- for the simple reason that (por la simple raz6n de} given that (dado que} = caused by /brough! about to {causado por) + 2, SOME USEFUL EXPRESSIONS FOR ESSAY AND REPORT WRITING -TORREBE = Iis offen said / asserted / claimed that... > Se suele decir que... universally acknowledged that... > Todo el mundo reconoce que... a welkknown fact that... > Todo el mundo sabe que.../ Es un hecho muy conocido ave... - For the great majority of people... Para la gran mayoria de fas personas... - A problem that is offen debated nowadays is that of... > Un tema muy debatido hoy en dia es... - One of the most striking features / aspects of this problem / issue / topic / question... > Una de fos caracteristicas / aspectos més relevantes de este problema / tema / pregunta... = Anumber of key isues arise from... > ... plantea cierto numero de cuestiones fundomentoles. - Fist of alll let us try to understand / consider ... > En primer lugar. tratemos de entender... consideremos... - By way of introduction... > A manera de introduccién. - What we are mainly concemed with here is... > El lema principal que nos ocupa en esto ‘ocosién...~ SEQUENGEOf IDEAS IN A PARAGRAPH = This brings up 1o the question of whether... Esto nos leva a pianteamos fa pregunia de si. - On the one hand... on the other... > Por una parte... por otra, ~ As lor... 9 En relacién con... : - Incidentally, we mus! not forget... > A propésito de esto, no debemos olvidar. que.. + AS far Qs ... is concemed... -> Por lo que se refiere a... ~ Added fo that, ... >-Ademds de eso.... / Por afladidura, ~ TO EXPRESSBERSOWAL OPINION =H hink / don't think that... + I Think itis probable that... > Creo que es probable que... -I believe that... > Creo que... -lagree / don't agree thal... > Estoy de acuerdo / en desacuerdo en que... = My own view of thisis that... 3 Mi visién propia del tema es que... + Speaking personally... > Personoimente hablando, ... =I!seems to me that... A mi parecer, . ~My personal opinion pf... > Mi opinion personal sobre. = feel strongly that... % Creo firnemente que In my opinion... > Engin opinién, + In my view... En mi opinién. =For my pat... > Por thi parte... | maintain that... -Mantengo que... ~My point of view is that... > Mi punto de vista es que... - From my point of view... > Bojo mi punto de vista... > Amiparecer.... > Tal y cémo yo lo veo, - Alot of people clainrthat... > Mucha gente opina que. - For me, the gist of th@ matter is that... > En mi opinién. la clave de este asunto esté en que... - TO EXPRESS/POSSIBIUTY AND PROBABILITY It is highly probable that... > Es muy probable que. ~ There is a strong chance that... 3 Hay muchas posibilidades de que... = Itis reasonable to think that... > Es rozonable pensor que... = stands to reason that... > Es I6gico pensar que... - lt would appear.../It would seem that... > Segun parece... - Its within the bounds bf possibility that... > Esté dentro de lo posible que. + There is reason to betieve thal... > Hay razones para pensar que... - There are grounds for believing / for the belief that... > Existen motivos para pensar aque. ~ TO EXPRES.CEMEARISONS = In comparison with/ compared with / when compared with > En comporacién con /comparado con / cuando lo comparamos con... ~ By comparison,.,. > En comporacion, -Ityou compare... >Sise compora. = Wheres / whilst > Mientras que... -in contrast to... > En contraste con. ~ As opposed to... /Unfike... > A diferencio de.. = The former... the latter > El primero... el ultimo... - Thefe is some resemblance / similarity between ... > Existen similitudes / parecidos entr - Itis greatly superior to... > Es infinitamente superior que... a - Itis much inferior to... 9 Es mucho mas inferior que..