Table of Formulas

1) sin(2x) = 2 sin(x) cos(x)

1
2) cos2 (x) = (1 + cos(2x))
2
1
3) sin2 (x) = (1 − cos(2x))
2
Z
4) sec(x) dx = ln | sec(x) + tan(x)| + C
Z
1 1
5) sec3 (x) dx = sec(x) tan(x) + ln | sec(x) + tan(x)| + C
2 2
Z
1
6) dx = arctan(x) + C
1 + x2
7) The Taylor series centered at a for the function f (x) is given by
∞
X 1 (n)
T (x) = f (a)(x − a)n .
n=0
n!

If |f (n+1) (x)| ≤ M for all |x − a| ≤ d, then the nth remainder term satisfies |Rn (x)| ≤
1
M |x − a|n+1 for all |x − a| ≤ d.
(n + 1)!
∞
x
X 1 n
8) e = x ; converges for all x.
n=0
n!
∞
X (−1)n 2n
9) cos(x) = x ; converges for all x.
n=0
(2n)!
∞
X (−1)n 2n+1
10) sin(x) = x ; converges for all x.
n=0
(2n + 1)!
∞
r
X r(r − 1)(r − 2) · · · (r − n + 1) n
11) (1 + x) = 1 + x ; converges for |x| < 1.
n=1
n!