Experiment No:01

Experiment Name: Familiarization with an altimeter.

Objectives:

1. Achieve knowledge about altimeter.

2. To know what’s inside of an altimeter.

3. To know the procedure of disassembly of an altimeter.

Tools/Equipment:

1.screw driver

2.hammer

3.Spanner

4.watch maker screw driver.

Disassembly Procedure:

1. With the help of a screw driver unscrew the top face screws and remove them from the slot.
Open the case by opening the pressure lock of the case at the inner case of the instrument. The
whole system of the altimeter is visible. All parts are joint together with the base and are covered
with an outer case with glass.

2. Remove the outer case by opening two screw. Pull on the pointer and by removing the dial
fixing the screws the graduated scale is opened. Now all parts of the gauge is clearly visible.

Result:
In the inner construction some inspection as follows are being made:

#A pressure sensing capsule is visible which is compensated for changes in ambient temperature
by a U shaped bimetallic bracket; the open ends of which are connected to the top of capsule by
push rods.

#A barometric pressure setting mechanism is in the altimeter. The adjustment can be made by a
knob from the outer side of the altimeter by pulling and rotating a knob. The adjustment device
consists of basically a scale or counter calibrated in millibars / mm in Hg which is interconnected
between a setting knob and the altitude indicating mechanism in such a way that the correct
pressure relation is obtained.

#A dial presentation is evident here with three pointers.

#A hairspring is used here with the pointer assembly for external adjustment of the pointer to the
zero position of scale.
Experiment No:02

Experiment name:

Familiarization to an Air Speed Indicator & observe different parts

Objectives:

1.To get practical knowledge about Air Speed indicator.

2.To know working procedure of Air Speed indicator.

3.To know the disassembly procedure of Air Speed indicator.

Tools/Equipment:

1.screw driver

2.hammer

3.Spanner

Disassembly Procedure:

#Care must me taken when disassembling Air Speed indicator so as not to twist the bimetallic
actuating pin because if so occurs the calibration of the instrument may change. Place the Air
Speed indicator facing down and remove the screws and lockwashers located in the rear of the
case flange.

#Lift the case leaving the front side of the portion having ring, cover glass and rubber gasket.

#Remove the mechanism from the case by removing case to sockets in the back case. Remove
the pointer, remove the dial screws. Remove movement screws which will permit the removal of
complete assembly from socket.

Result:

In the inner construction some inspection as follows are being made:

# pitot connection

# static connection

# rocking shaft

#pointer movement assembly

# Capillary tube

#Square law compensator(rocking lever and sector arm mechanism)

# Temperature compensator

#If pressure is provided to both static and pitot port rocking arm assembly picks up the motion
by means of actuating pin and in turns transmits this motion through bimetal actuating pin to the
gear arrangement to display the airspeed
Experiment No: 03

Experiment Name:

Familiarization with the gyro horizon.

Objectives:

1.To know about the gyro horizon working principle.

2.To observe the pitch and bank indications in gyro horizon.

Equipment:

1.A gyro horizon test table

2.A voltage source

Procedure:

# If a power is fed to the gyro horizon the rotor rotates thus stabilizing the gimble. A caging knob
located at the lower right corner of the instrument provides manual caging of gyro.

#An attitude bar is adjusted by a knob at the lower left hand corner of the instrument to
compensate for a nose up or nose down trim condition in the gyro while it is being given power
and at level parallel to ground.

#If we tilt the gyro down; the bar moves up with respect to the case to indicate a diving
maneuver and down to indicate a climbing maneuver.

#The bank readings are indicated by the pointer of mask assembly and graduations on fixed dial.
Experiment No:04

Experiment Name:

Thermocouple and its operation

Objectives:

1.To know about the working principle of thermocouple.

2.To know its uses in aircraft

Tools/Equipment:

1.thermocouple

2.blow gun

3.galvanometer

Procedure:

1.the thermocouple for the experiment has two terminals. Initially both the terminals are at
ambient room temperature. To see the thermocouple to work the seebeck effect needs to be
achieved. For this one end of the thermocouple is turned to hot junction by placing it in the flame
of a hotgun for a minute.

2.a galvanometer or ammeter is connected with series to the thermocouple to see any deflection
occurs. When one terminal is hot relative to the other due to seebeck effect current flow occurs
around the circuit and visible by deflection on the meter.

Results:
In a thermocouple, the junction at the higher temperature being conventionally termed the hot
or measuring junction, and that at the lower temperature the cold or reference junction. Due to
dissimilar metal conjugation in a thermocouple and putting its different end at two different
temperature a thermo-emf is produced and current flow is evident from the meter.

Experiment No:05
Experiment Name: Synchro operation

Objective:

1.to achieve different synchro operation

Tools/Equipment:

1.Synchro operation Module

2.connecting wires

Procedure:

1.to achieve different synchro operation different connection set up is to be made.For instance to
get torque synchro operation the connection should be made in stator of transmitter and rotor of
receiver. If a movement in transmitter is provided there should be a movement in receiver. The
movement should be linear.

2. for differtial synchro operation an intermediate transformer connection is made and by

changing the transmitter the final change in receiver would be evident with respect to differential
synchro.

3.all the movement can be either CW or CCW and the final movement should be evident from
the displacement of receiver synchro.

Experiment No: 06
Experiment Name:

Dead weight tester operation.

Objective:

1.to calibrate a meter with a dead weight tester.

Tools/Equipment:

1.Dead weight tester which consists of a hand pump,a weight and a indicator which will indicate
the pressure.

Procedure:

1.the amount of pressure need to be achieved in gauge are placed in weight stand .

2.Operate the hand pump to achieve the equivalent pressure according to weight.

3 A transducer connected to the hand pump will indicate the pressure exerted by the hand pump.

Result:

By reading the gauge the amount of pressure exerted on the pump and that of weight can be
compared.

Experiment No: 07
Experiment Name:

Pitot Static system leak test

Objective:

1.to become familiarize with pitot static leak test kit .

2.to carry out leak test of the on board altimeter and airspeed indicator using the kit.

Tools /Equipment:

1.pitot static testing kit

Procedure:

PRELIMINARY OPERATION

1. Open "PRESSURE VENT" valve (24) and "VACUUM VENT" valve (21)fully CCW.

2. Ensure "PRESSURE CONTROL" valve (25), "CROSSBLEED CONTROL" valve (22).

"VACUUM CONTROL" valve (20) and "VERTICAL SPEED" valve (8) are closed, fully
clockwise.

3. To use an external pressure supply, raise "PRESSURE PUMP" handle(26) fully, then
connect a thirty [30] psi max. source to "EXTERNAL PRESSURE" port (1).

4. To use external vacuum source, connect external vacuum source to "EXTERNAL

VACUUM" port (18).

5. To use internal pressure supply, set "INTERNAL PUMP SELECTOR" (23) to

"PRESSURE", connect POWER CORD (16) to an appropriate electrical outlet and place
"INTERNAL PUMP" switch (9) to "ON". (Internal pump is regulated to fifteen [15] psi for
airspeeds above two
hundred [200] kts. and to five [5] psi for airspeeds below two hundred[200] kts. [Factory
installed.])

6. For internal vacuum, rotate "INTERNAL PUMP SELECTOR" valve (23) to "VACUUM".

7. To use hand pressure pump, operate "PRESSURE PUMP" handle (26) to develop fifteen
[15] psi for airspeeds above two hundred [200] kts. or five [5] psi for airspeeds below two
hundred [200] kts. On "PRESSURE TANK" gauge (2).

8. To use hand vacuum pump, operate "VACUUM PUMP" handle (19) to develop twenty
[20] in. Hg on "VACUUM PUMP" gauge (17).

9. Close "PRESSURE VENT" valve (24).

PITOT LEAK TEST:

1. Perform all preceding PRELIMINARY steps first.

2. Observe Airspeed indicator (3) while GENTLY opening "PRESSURE CONTROL" valve
(25) until it reach approximately 200 knots.

3. Close "PRESSURE CONTROL" valve (25) fully. After all instrument have stabilized,
Airspeed indicator (3) must not decrease more than two [2] knots in one minute.

4. Open "CROSSBLEED CONTROL" valve (22) fully and Airspeed indicator (3) should
return to normal rest of fifteen [15] to forty-five [45]knots.

5. To test altimeter Ensure "PRESSURE CONTROL" valve (25), "CROSSBLEED CONTROL"

valve (22). "VACUUM CONTROL" valve (20) and "VERTICAL SPEED" valve (8) are
closed, fully clockwise.
6.Pump the “VACUUM PUMP”(19) with hand and release “VACUUM CONTROL”(20) gently.
As the altitude reaches 20000 ft close “VACUUM CONTROL”(20) fully. After all instrument
have stabilized, Altimeter (3) must not decrease more than two [2] knots in one minute.

RETURNING SYSTEM TO AMBIENT

1. Open "CROSSBLEED CONTROL" valve (22) fully Opera "PRESSURE VENT"

valve (24) so as to lower altitude on the Altimeter (15) at a rate not to exceed full scale of VSI
(14). Also observe Airspeed do not exceed its limits.

2. When system has returned to ambient, open both "PRESSURE VEN valve (24) and
"VACUUM VENT" valve (21) fully. Disconnect lines between test set and aircraft. Close
"VERTICAL SPEED" valve (8) fully.

3. GENTLY open "VACUUM CONTROL" valve (20) and "PRESSUICONTROL" valve

(25) to bleed off supply tanks.

4. When "PRESSURE TANK" and "VACUUM TANK" gauges (2) and (respectively
have returned to zero [0], close "PRESSURE CONTROL valve (25) and "VACUUM
CONTROL" valve (20) fully.