Fillet Welds ‘Shear on effective area or weld ‘Tension or compression parallel to axis of the weld (0,30 classification tosile strength of filler metal ‘except thatthe base metal not section shear area stress shall not exceed 0.40> yield strength ofthe ‘base metal’\© ‘Not a welded joint design consideration Filler metal with a streagth level ‘equal to or less than matching filler ‘metal may be used Plug and Slot Welds ‘Shear parallel tothe faying surface on the effective area ‘For definitions of effective areas, se0 2:3, 0,30 x classification tensile strength of filler metal For matching fille metal to base metal strength for code approved sees, see Table 3.1 and Table 49, ca ld - - oe ad ld a -~ cl - - i] * ‘o a Lal - al tal - al al al a ws al Sereneth denon | Wainy on Follatrinety || 805% ot Tu 3% of fl ed strength wold | strength wold wraee [| oraee (or van, vee wee ae a6" ane ane? ane ans’ ane anes ane anes Ww var wa wae ans wae 318 516° 38 S76" m6 56 42 56. 1 3 one 38 58 716 3, 716, ate 1 718 ane 718 ane : 5 1 5 1 aie i 316 Te Bie Coes a Fig. 2-108. th is the separation between the members to be joined. A root opening is used for electrode accessibility to the base or root of the joint. The smaller the angle of the bevel, the larger the root opening must be to obtain good fusion at the root. If the root opening is too small, root fusion is more difficult to obtain, and smaller electrodes must be used, thus slowing down the welding proce: If the root opening is too large, weld quality does not suffer but more weld metal is required; this increases welding cost and will tend to increase distortion. Figure 2-107 indicates how the root opening must be increased as the included angle of the bevel The Design of Welded Joints 22-5 ry eee 4 oS @ qe Wd We Fig. 2407 is decreased. Backup strips are used on larger root ‘openings. All three preparations are acceptable; all are conducive to good welding procedure and good weld quality. Selection, therefore, is usually based on cost. Root opening and joint preparation will directly affect weld cost (pounds of metal required), and choice should be made with this in mind. Joint preparation involves the work required on plate edges prior to welding and includes beveling and providing a root face. \ | Dowie ¥ Single V Fig. 2-108. Using double-groove jint in place of single-groove joint teduces amount of welding. Using a double-groove joint in preference to a single-groove (Fig. 2-108) cuts in half the amount of welding. This reduces distortion and makes possible alternating the weld passes on each side of the joint, again reducing distortion. In Fig. 2-109(a), if the bevel or gap is too small, the weld will bridge the gap leaving slag at the root. Excessive back-gouging is then required. Figure 2-109(b) shows how proper joint prepa- ration and procedure will produce good root fusion and will minimize back-gouging. In Fig. 2-109(c), a large root opening will result in melt-through. Spacer strip may be used, in which case the joint must be back-gouged. aoe ed Fig. 2-108, (a) If the gap is too small, the weld will bridge the ‘Dap. leaving slag at the root; (b) a proper joint preparation; (c) a foot opening too large wil result'in melt-through