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August 2009
August 2009
Volume - 5 Issue - 2
August, 2009 (Monthly Magazine)
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by Naval Maheshwari, Published & Printed at
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Key Concepts & Problem Solving strategy for IIT-JEE. Regulars ..........
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NEWS ARTICLE 3
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Much more IIT-JEE News.
IIT-JEE stars eye glory in International Physics Olympiad
Xtra Edge Test Series for JEE-2010 & 2011 IITian ON THE PATH OF SUCCESS 6
Abhay K. Bhushan
KNOW IIT-JEE 7
Previous IIT-JEE Question
Study Time........
DYNAMIC PHYSICS 13
S 8-Challenging Problems [Set# 4]
Students’ Forum
Success Tips for the Months Physics Fundamentals
Capacitor - 2
• "All of us are born for a reason, but all of Work, Energy, power & Conserv. law
us don't discover why. Success in life has
nothing to do with what you gain in life or CATALYST CHEMISTRY 26
accomplish for yourself. It's what you do
for others." Key Concept
• "Don't confuse fame with success. Reaction Mechanism
Madonna is one; Helen Keller is the Solid State
other." Understanding : Physical Chemistry
Abhay K. Bhushan
B.Tech. /Electrical Engg. / 1965
Chief Financial Officer of the IITK Foundation,
USA,
Abhay K. Bhushan ( B.Tech. /Electrical Engg. / 1965 ) He was co-founder of YieldUP International, which went
Chairman public on NASDAQ in 1995, and of Portola
A Square and serves on the boards of Point Cross and Communications, which was acquired by Netscape in
Mobile Web Surf 1997. In 1978-79 he worked on Rural Development in
Allahabad, India, and was President of Indians for
He obtained his B. Tech degree in Electrical Engineering
Collective Action, supporting grassroots development
from the Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, in 1965.
projects in India. He received the Community Service
He obtained both his Masters in EE and Masters in
Award from the Indo-American Chamber of Commerce.
Management degrees from the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology. He has been the mentor of a host of start-up He is presently the Chief Financial Officer of the IITK
ventures in USA. He was a major contributor to the Foundation, USA, founding past president of PanIIT USA,
development of the Internet TCP/IP architecture, and was and Coordinator for the PanIIT Global Committee.
the author of FTP and the early versions of email
Mr. Abhay K. Bhushan has been conferred with the
protocols. He is co-holder of 12 US patents on
Distinguished Alumnus Award of IIT Kanpur, for
semiconductor drying and cleaning technologies.
excellence in entrepreneurship and his outstanding
Mr. Bhushan initiated and managed the Environmental contributions to social activities.
Leadership Program at Xerox and authored the widely
acclaimed ‘Business Guide to Waste Reduction and
Recycling'.
Adventure :
• Adventure is not outside man; it is within.
• There are two kinds of adventures : those who go truly hoping to find adventure and those who go secretly.
hoping they won't.
• Life is either a daring adventure or nothing.
• Some people dream of worthy accomplishments while others stay awake and do them.
• Life is an adventure. The greatest pleasure is doing what people say you cannot do.
A2 a x
A +Q
B C D I 60º
r P y v
A3 60º
a
Sol. The angular frequency of the detector = 2πv 60º x
N
Observer Source
1 1 µ I
T T´ B1 = (field dut to circle) = 0
(Accoustic 3 3 2a
Image) µ I 0.16µ 0 I
= 0 (outwards) = (outwards)
Hill 6a a
5 → 0.16µ 0 I
= 2π × = 10 rad/s or B1 = k̂
π a
Magnetic field due to straight wire NM at P :
CH3MgBr H +
HBr The gaseous mixture of SO2 and SO3 explains the
–H2O observation (iv), namely,
(A) (B) (E) 2MnO −4 + 5SO2 + 2H2O → 2Mn 2+ + 5SO 24− + 4H+
pink colour no colour
CH2 O
B+
HC O HC O–
BH+ MATHEMATICS
–BH+ –B
(C) 11. Prove that
tan α + 2 tan 2α + 4 tan 4α + 8 cot 8α = cot α
COCH3 COCH3 COCH3 [IIT-1988]
–
OH +B OH –OH– Sol. We know that
–BH+ 1 − tan 2 θ 1 − tan 2 θ
cot θ – tan θ = = 2 = 2 cot 2θ
tan θ 2 tan θ
(D)
10. A hydrated metallic salt A, light green in colour, ∴ L.H.S. = tan α + 2 tan 2α + 4 tan 4α + 8 cot 8α
gives a white anhydrous residue B after being heated = –{cot α – tan α – 2tan 2α – 4 tan 4α}
gradually. B is soluble in water and its aqueous + 8 cot 8α + cot α
solution reacts with NO to give a dark brown = –{2 cot 2α – 2 tan 2α – 4 tan 4α}
compound C. B on strong heating gives a brown + 8 cot 8α + cot α
residue and a mixture of two gases E and F. The = –{2(2 cot 4α) – 4 tan 4α} + 8 cot 8α + cot α
gaseous mixture, when passed through acidified = – 4 {cot 4α – tan 4α} + 8 cot 8α + cot α
permanganate, discharge the pink colour and when = – 8 cot 8α + 8 cot 8α + cot α
passed through acidified BaCl2 solution, gives a = cot α
white precipitate. Identify A, B, C, D, E and F.
[IIT-1988]
This section is designed to give IIT JEE aspirants a thorough grinding & exposure to variety
of possible twists and turns of problems in physics that would be very helpful in facing IIT
JEE. Each and every problem is well thought of in order to strengthen the concepts and we
hope that this section would prove a rich resource for practicing challenging problems and
enhancing the preparation level of IIT JEE aspirants.
By : Dev Sharma
So l ut i ons wi l l b e pub l i s he d i n ne x t i s s ue Director Academics, Jodhpur Branch
Passage # 1 (Q. 1 & Q. 2) 6. ABC is a fixed incline plane with D mid point of AC.
A battery of 10V/1Ω is connected between the terminals Part AD of incline plane is rough such that when a
of 'a' and 'b' of an infinite planner ladder network of sphere released from A starts rolling, while the part DC
resistances then find the followings. Take r = 10Ω is smooth. The sphere reaches the bottom point C, then
A
r r r
r b D
r
r rr r r rr rough
smooth
r r r r r
r B C
(A) It is in pure rolling in the part DC
r r r r r r (B) Work done by friction on the sphere is negative
when it moves from A to D
r r r r rr (C) Mechanical energy of sphere remains constant
for its motion from A to C
r r r r r rr (D) All of the above
7. A parallel plate capacitor of plate area A and
a separation d is provided with thin insulating spacers
1. What will be the value of terminal voltage of the battery. to keep its plates aligned in an environment of
fluctuating temperature. If the coefficient of thermal
2. Find the heat developed inside the battery in 1sec. expansion of material of plate is α then the
Passage # 2 (Q. 3 & Q. 4) coefficient of thermal expansion (αS) of the spacers
If a non ideal battery of 50V/0.5Ω is connected in order that the capacitance does not vary with
temperature (ignore effect of spacers on capacitance)
between terminals 'a' and 'b' then find the ratio
(A) αS = α/2 (B) αS = 3α (C) αS = 2α (D) αS = α
voltmeter reading to the emf of the battery
10Ω 8. We have an infinite non-conducting sheet of
negligible thickness carrying a uniform surface
5Ω charge density –σ and next to it an infinite parallel
a b slab of thickness D with uniform volume charge
5Ω key-k 5Ω density +ρ. All charges are fixed
–σ
10Ω
3. When key K is open D +ρ
37 Sol. When block C collides with A and get stuck with it,
combined body moves to the right, due to which
N2
m1a spring is compressed. Therefore, the combined body
N1 m3b N1
m2(0.8a – 0.2b)
retards and block B accelerates. In fact, deformation
For horizontal forces on m1, T = m1a ...(1) of spring varies with time and the system continues to
For vertical forces on wedge, move rightwards. In other words, centre of mass of
T – T cos 37º + N2 sin 37º = m3b ...(2) the system moves rightwards and combined body and
For horizontal forces on m2 block B oscillate about the centre of mass of the
N2sin 37º – T cos 37º = m2(0.8a – 0.2b) ...(3) system.
For vertical forces on m2,
b
a
A d B
Sol. Charges q1 and q2 get distributed such that charges
B appearing on inner surfaces of two plates become
numerically equal but opposite in nature. Since
A
charge q1 on plate A is less than charge q2 on plate B,
therefore inner surface of plate. A becomes
+(2 × 10–10 – q)
+(10–10 + q)
–q +q
p 1 6 5
Capacitor-2
KEY CONCEPTS & PROBLEM SOLVING STRATEGY
C=
ε0A ⇒ ∑V = 0
x Conventions followed to apply loop law :
Q 2 Q2 (a) In a loop, across a battery, if we travel from
Also U= ⇒U= x negative terminal of battery to the positive
2C 2ε A
0 terminal then there is a potential rise and a +ve
Let the plates be moved towards each other through sign is applied with voltage of the battery.
dx, such that the new separation between the plates is (b) In a loop, across a battery, if we travel from
(x – dx). If Uf is the final potential energy, then positive terminal of the battery to the negative
terminal then there is a potential fall and a –ve
Q2 Q2
Uf = = (x – dx) sign is applied with voltage of the battery.
2C´ 2ε 0 A
(c) In a loop, across a capacitor, if we go from
If dU is the change in potential energy, then negative plate to the positive plate of the capacitor
dU = Uf – Ui then there is a potential rise and a +ve sign is to
be taken with potential difference across the
Q2 Q2 q
⇒ dU = (x – dx) – x capacitor i.e. ∆V = + .
2ε 0 A 2ε 0 A C
Q2 (d) In a loop, across a capacitor, if we go from
⇒ dU = – dx positive plate to the negative plate of the capacitor
2ε 0 A
then there is a potential fall and a –ve sign is to be
Further since taken with the potential difference across the
dU q
F=– capacitor i.e. ∆V = – .
dx C
(Q2/2)
3 2 5 4
3µF 1µF
Q Q2
V A C B C
OK here is the deal with the space shuttle. It has
three rocket engines in the back, but there's
Sol. Initially the charge on either capacitor, i.e. qA or qB is absolutely no room inside for all the fuel it needs
CV coulomb. to launch itself up into space. All of that fuel is
When dielectric is introduced, the new capacitance of stored outside the shuttle, in the big brown
either capacitor
cylinder, called the external tank.
K
C1 = 1 C = 3C.
K The tank containing all the rocket fuel weighs
After the opening of switch S, the potential across seven times more than the space shuttle itself!
capacitor A is volt. That's a lot of really heavy fuel, and the space
Let the potential across capacitor B is V1
shuttle engines aren't quite strong enough to push
∴ qB = CV = C1V1 or CV = 3CV1
V the combined weight of the shuttle and the big
∴ V1 = volt bloated external tank up off the ground.
3
1 That's what the two long white solid rocket
Initial energy of capacitor A = CV2
2 boosters strapped onto the sides of the external
1 2 tank are for. They lift the tank! Fortunately, it was
energy of capacitor B = CV
2 not necessary to strap an infinite series of smaller
1 1 and smaller rockets to the sides of the solid
∴ Total energy Ei = CV2 + CV2 = CV2
2 2 rocket boosters.
Final energy of capacitor A
1 3 It is not widely known that just behind the main
= × (3C)V2 = CV2 flight deck of the space shuttle is a small Starbucks
2 2
Final energy of capacitor B adapted for use in zero gravity.
Work, Energy and Power : The potential energy of particle in the gravitational
Work is done when a force (F) is displaced. field is given by
U = U0 + mgh
dr
where U0 = potential energy of the body at the
ground level.
θ This is true only for objects near the surface of the
F earth because g is uniform only near the surface of
The work done is the earth.
The strain potential energy of a spring is given by U
dW = F dr cos θ
1
Using vector notation = kx2, where k is the force constant of the spring
rr 2
dW = F.dr and x is the charge in length of the spring. This
When the force and the displacement are in the same change in length may be either a compression or on
direction, θ = 0, cos θ = +1, work done is positive. extension.
When the force and the displacement are in opposite Potential Energy and force
directions, θ = 180º, cos θ = –1, work done is ∂U
Fx = –
negative. ∂x
When the displacement is perpendicular to the
Principle of Conservation of energy :
direction of the force, θ = 90º, cos θ = 0, no work is
done. Conservative and Non-conservative Force : If the
r r work done by a force in moving a body from one
∫
For a system of particles the quantity F.dx cm is point to another depends only on the positions of the
body and not on the process or the path taken, the
called pseudo work. At times actual work may be
force is said to be conservative. Gravitational force,
zero but not pseudo work.
spring force, elastic forces, electric and magnetic
Work is a scalar quantity. Its unit is joule. Power is forces are examples of conservative forces. If the
the rate of doing work. Thus work done depends on the paths taken, the force is
work done said to be non-conservative. Frictional force is a non-
Power = conservative force.
time taken
The unit of power is the watt (= joules/second). Work-energy Theorem : The work by external
rr forces on a body is equal to the change of kinetic
The power of an agent is given by P = F.v energy of the body. This is true for both constant
where F is the force applied by the agent and v is the forces and variable forces (variable in both
velocity of the body on which the agent applies the magnitude and direction).
force. For a particle W = ∆K. For a system of particles Wnet
The energy of a system is its capacity of doing work. = Wreal + Wpseudo = ∆Kcm
Mechanical energy may be of two types : Principle of Conservation of Energy : Energy can
(i) kinetic energy and (ii) potential energy. neither be created nor destroyed by any process.
Organic REACTION
Chemistry
Fundamentals MECHANISM
Anti 1,2-Dihydroxylation of Alkenes via Epoxides : If only the first product (3-chloro-1-butene) were
Epoxidation of cyclopentene produces 1,2- formed, we would conclude that hydrogen chloride
epoxycyclopentane : had added to one double bond of 1,3-butadiene in the
O O usual way :
H
(1) + RCOOH 1 2 4
O + RCOH
3
CH2 = CH – CH = CH2 1,2-addition CH2 – CH – CH = CH2
H
Cyclopentene 1,2-Epoxycyclopentane + H Cl
Acid –catalyzed hydrolysis of 1, 2-epoycyclopentane H – Cl 3-Chloro-1-butene
yields a trans diol, trans-1, 2-cy-clopentanediol. It is the second product , 1-chloro-2-butene, that is
Water acting as a nucleophile attacks the protonated unusual. Its double bond is between the central
epoxide from the side opposite the epoxide group. atoms, and the elements of hydrogen chloride have
The carbon atom being attacked undergoes an added to the Cl and C4 atoms :
inversion of configuration. We show here only one
1 2 3 4
carbon atom being attacked. Attack at the other
CH2 = CH – CH = CH2 1,4-addition CH2 – CH = CH – CH2
carbon atom of this symmetrical system is equally
likely and produces the enantiomeric form of trans-1, + H Cl
2-cyclopentanediol : H – Cl 1-Chloro-2-butene
H H
H + H O This unusual behavior of 1, 3-butadine can be
O attributed directly to the stability and the delocalized
H H
(2) +H + nature of an allylic cation . In order to see this ,
:O: OH consider a mechanism for the addition of hydrogen
H H chloride :
H
O Step 1
H H
:O + H :OH+ :Cl – H + CH2 = CH – CH = CH2
+
H H CH3 – CH – CH = CH2 CH3 – CH = CH – CH2 + :Cl:–
+ enantiomer
OH OH
H H An allylic cation equivalent to
trans-1,2-Cyclopentanediol
CH3 — CH — CH — CH2
Epoxidation followed by acid-catalyzed hydrolysis δ+ δ+
gives us, therefore, a method for anti 1,2-
Step 2
dihydroxylation of a double bond. (a)
CH3CH – CH = CH2
δ+ δ+
Electrophilic Attack on Conjugated Dines: 1, 4 CH3CH — CH — CH2 + :Cl: –
Addition : (a) Cl
(b) 1,2 Addition
Not only are conjugated dienes somewhat more
stable than nonconjugated dienes, they also display (b)
CH3CH = CHCH2Cl
special behavior when they react with electrophilic 1,4 Addition
reagents. For example, 1, 3-butadiene reacts with one
molar equivalent of hydrogen chloride to produce In step 1 a proton adds to one of the terminal carbon
two products, 3-chloro-1-butene and 1-chloro-2- atoms of 1, 3-butadiene to form, as usual, the more
butene: stable carbocation, in this case a resonance-stabilized
allylic cation. Addition to one of the inner carbon
CH2 = CH – CH = CH2 HCl atoms would have produced a much less stable
1,3-Butadiene 25ºC primary cation, one that could not be stabilized by
CH3 – CH – CH = CH2 + CH3 – CH = CH – CH2Cl resonance :
CH2=CH–CH=CH2 → +CH2–CH2–CH=CH2 + Cl–
Cl
3-Chloro-1-butene (78%) 1-Chloro-2-butene (22%) H – Cl A1º carbocation
Solid State
Physical
Chemistry
Fundamentals
Density of Cubic Crystals : In this structure, each sphere is in contact with six
The density based on the structure can be calculated nearest neighbours (four in the same base, one above
from the mass contained in a unit cell and its volume. and one below). The percentage of occupied volume
If N is the number of molecules per unit cubic cell of in this structure can be calculate as follows:
edge length a, then the mass and volume per unit cell are The edge length a of the cube will be twice the radius
M of the sphere, i.e. a = 2r. Since in the primitive cubic
Mass = N Volume = a3 lattice, there is only one sphere present in the unit
NA lattice, the volume occupied by the sphere is
mass NM 4 3 4 a
3
Therefore, Density = = 3 V= πr or V= π
volume a NA 3 3 2
The value of N for the three cubic cells can be The fraction of the total volume occupied by the
calculated as follows : sphere is
Primitive cubic cell : In a primitive cubic cell, atoms 3
are present at the corners of the cube. There are eight 4 a
π
corners of a cube and thus eight atoms are present at 3 2 π
these corners. Now, any particular corner of the cube φ= 3
= = 0.5236
a 6
is actually shared amongst eight such cubic unit cells
placed adjacent to one another. Thus, the contribution or 52.36 percent
of the atom placed at one of the corners to the single Thus, the structure is relatively open since only
cubic unit cell is 1/8. Since there are eight corners of 52.36% (π/6) of the total volume is occupied by the
a cube, the number of atoms associated with a single spheres. The remainder, i.e. 0.4764 of the total
primitive unit cell is 8/8 = 1. volume is empty space or void volume.
Body-centred cubic cell : In a body-centred cubic No crystalline element has been found to have this
unit cell, besides atoms being present at the corners, structure.
there is one atom in the centre of the cube which Closest Packing :
belongs exclusively to this cubic unit cell. Therefore,
number of atoms per unit cell are two. In closest packing arrangements, each sphere is in
contact with the maximum possible number of
Face-centred cubic cell : Here, atoms, besides being nearest neighbours. Fig. shows a closest packed layer
at the corners, are also present at the centre of the six of spheres. Each sphere is surrounded by six nearest
faces. Each of these atoms is shared between two neighbours lying in the plane, three spheres Just
such unit cells. Thus, their contribution to the unit above it and three below it, thus making the total
cell is 6/2 = 3 atoms, making a total of 4 atoms per number of nearest neighbours equal to twelve.
cubic unit cell
If the spheres are packed in the same plane, then just
Packing in a simple Cubic Lattice :
above these spheres
In a lattice of this type, the spheres are packed in the
form of a square array by laying down a base of
spheres and then piling upon the base other layers in
such a way that each sphere is immediately above the A
A
other sphere, as shown in fig. A A
B B B
C C C C
A A A A A
B B B B
C C C C
A A A A A
Packing in a body-centred • A man who won't die for something is not fit
cubic lattice
to live.
The third layer then rests on these in arrangement
which corresponds exactly to that in the first layer. In
1 1 11.4 g
G= – = 0.00627 Ω–1 Sol. (a) Amount of alum = = 0.024 mol
122 Ω 520 Ω 474.38 g mol −1
Conductivity of 0.1 M NaCl solution
0.024 mol
k = Λmc = (126 Ω–1 cm2 mol–1)(0.1 mol dm–3) Molarity of the prepared solution =
= 12.6 Ω–1cm2 dm–3 = 12.6 Ω–1 cm2(10 cm)–3 0.1 dm 3
= 0.0126 Ω–1 cm–1 = 0.24 M
Cell constant, Hydrolysis of Al3+ is
`tà{xÅtà|vtÄ V{tÄÄxÇzxá 4
This section is designed to give IIT JEE aspirants a thorough grinding & exposure to variety
of possible twists and turns of problems in mathematics that would be very helpful in facing
IIT JEE. Each and every problem is well thought of in order to strengthen the concepts and
we hope that this section would prove a rich resource for practicing challenging problems and
enhancing the preparation level of IIT JEE aspirants.
By : Shailendra Maheshwari
S ol ut i o ns wi l l be p ubl i s he d i n ne x t i s s ue Joint Director Academics, Career Point, Kota
1. If two circles cut orthogonally, prove that the polar of differentiable ∀ x ∈ R except zero. Also find f(x) for
any point P on the first circle with respect to the all x ≠ 0.
second passes through the other end of diameter of
the first circle which goes through P. 9. Let there be n straight lines in a plane, no two of
which being parallel or coincident and no three of
2. Let ABCD be a tetrahedron. If perpendiculars from B them meet at a point, then show that they divide the
and C to the opposite faces intersect, then show that plane in
BC is perpendicular to AD and the perpendiculars 1 2
from A and D to the opposite faces will also intersect. (n + n + 2) parts.
2
3. For a real number u ;
π
10. Prove that
sin x sin 3x sin 9x
∫
2
I(u) = ln (1 − 2 u cos x + u ) dx; + +
0
cos 3x cos 9x cos 27 x
1 2 1
prove that I (u) = I (– u) = I(u ). = [tan 27 x – tan x]
2 2
1 n
Generalize the result as I( u 2 ) .
2n
Puzzle : Farmer Crosses
4. Let f(x) = x2 + ax + b be a quadratic polynomial
where a and b are integers. Let n be an integer, show River
that f(n). f(n + 1) = f(m) for some integer m.
6. Solve :
• A farmer wants to cross a river and
1 y2 x2 1 take with him a wolf, a goat, and a
− 2 dx + 2
− dy = 0
x ( x − y) ( x − y) y cabbage. There is a boat that can fit
himself plus either the wolf, the goat,
7. Through a focus of an ellipse two chords are drawn or the cabbage. If the wolf and the
and a conic is described to pass through their goat are alone on one shore, the wolf
extremities, and also through the center of the ellipse.
will eat the goat. If the goat and the
Prove that it cuts the major axis in another fixed
point. cabbage are alone on the shore, the
goat will eat the cabbage.
xy f ( x ).f ( y) • How can the farmer bring the wolf,
8. Let f = for all real x & y. If
2 2 the goat, and the cabbage across the
f ′(1) = f(1) ≠ 0 then show that f(x) is
dy 1 3 3 1
1. – y ln 2 = 2sin x(cos x – 1) ln 2 =− a − + i− a+
dx 2 2 2
2
I.F. = e ∫
− ln 2 dx
= 2–x 1 3
–1 = – a–
so y2–x = ∫ 2 sin x −x . (cos x – 1). ln 2 dx 2 2
y2–x = 2sin x – x + c ⇒ a=2– 3
y = 2sin x + c.2x Ans (B) 3 1
y . 2–x = 2sin x – x + c b=– a+
2 2
Now if x → ∞ and y is bounded (finite) then c = 0 3 1
Ans (C) ⇒ b = – 3 + + = 12 – 3
2 2
For option (D) : f(x) = 2sin x Hence correct answer is (B)
c.2x = 0,
so c = 0 but in this case y is bounded so this is not
4. c1 ≡ x2 + y2 = a2
correct option.
c2 ≡ (x – h)2 + (y – k)2 = r2
Hence correct answers are (B, C)
2. AC = 4p
A
P c2
c1
D
p
α Director circle x2 + y2 = 2a2 ...(1)
α
B C ah + r.0 ak + r.0
p AD Pt. P ;
tan α = = =4 a+r a+r
DC p it lies on eqn. (1)
DC AD a2h2+ a2k2 = (a + r)2 2a2
cot α + tan α = + =4
p p h2 + k2 = 2(a + r)2
tan2α – 4 tan α + 1 = 0 x3 + y3 = 2(a + r)2
Hence correct answer is (A)
4 ± 16 − 4
tan α = =2± 3
2 5 − 36 + 17
α = 15º & 75º 5. 4a = 2(2a) = 2 .
13
Hence correct answer is (D)
14 28
=2. =
3. z2 = z1iπ/3 13 13
z1(–a + i) Hence correct answer is (C)
9x x
z2 2 cos cos . sin 3x
(–1+bi) 6. ∫ 2 2
sin 3x − sin 6x
O z3
9x x
2 cos cos . sin 3x
1
–1 + bi = (–a + i) +
3
i
2 2
= ∫ 2
9x
− 2 cos sin
2
3x
2 2
f´(x) = ( x + 3) x 2 + sin x −1
{x + sin x 2
+
2 ∫
0
f ´(x ) dx
Mathematics Fundamentals
A A a B
Types of Vector: Parallelogram law of addition : If in a
Zero or null vector : A vector whose magnitude parallelogram OACB, OA = a, OB = b and
is zero is called zero or null vector and it is
OC = c
represented by O .
B C
Unit vector : A vector whose modulus is unity, is
called a unit vector. The unit vector in the c=a+b
b
direction of a vector a is denoted by â , read as “a
cap”. Thus, | â | = 1.
A
a Vector a O a
â = =
a
| | Magnitude of a
Then OA + OB = OC i.e., a + b = c, where OC
Like and unlike vectors : Vectors are said to be is a diagonal of the parallelogram OABC.
like when they have the same sense of direction
and unlike when they have opposite directions. Addition in component form : If the vectors are
defined in terms of i, j, and k, i.e.,
Collinear or parallel vectors : Vectors having
the same or parallel supports are called collinear if a = a1i + a2j + a3k and b = b1i + b2j + b3k, then
or parallel vectors. their sum is defined as
Co-initial vectors : Vectors having the same a + b = (a1 + b1)i + (a2 + b2)j + (a3 + b3)k.
initial point are called co-initial vectors. Properties of vector addition :
Coplanar vectors : A system of vectors is said to Vector addition has the following properties.
be coplanar, if their supports are parallel to the Binary operation : The sum of two vectors is
same plane. always a vector.
Two vectors having the same initial point are Commutativity : For any two vectors a and b,
always coplanar but such three or more vectors a + b = b + a.
may or may not be coplanar. Associativity : For any three vectors a, b and c,
Negative of a vector : The vector which has the a + ( b + c ) = ( a + b) + c
same magnitude as the vector a but opposite Identity : Zero vector is the identity for addition.
direction, is called the negative of a and is For any vector a, 0 + a = a = a + 0
denoted by –a. Thus, if PQ = a, then QP = –a. Additive inverse : For every vector a its negative
vector –a exits such that a + (–a) = (–a) + a = 0
i.e., (–a) is the additive inverse of the vector a.
COMBINATION
Mathematics Fundamentals
IIT-JEE 2010
XtraEdge Test Series # 4
Time : 3 Hours
Syllabus : Physics : Essential Mathematics, Vector, Units & Dimension, Motion in One dimension, Projectile
motion, Circular motion, Electrostatics & Gauss's Law, Capacitance, Current electricity, Alternating Current,
Magnetic Field, E.M.I. Chemistry : Mole Concept, Chemical Bonding, Atomic Structure, Periodic Table, Chemical
Kinetics, Electro Chemistry, Solid state, Solutions, Surface Chemistry, Nuclear Chemistry. Mathematics:
Trigonometric Ratios, Trigonmetrical Equation, Inverse Trigonmetrical Functions, Properties of Triangle, Radii of
Circle, Function, Limit, Continiuty, Differentiation, Apllication of Differentiation (Tangent & Normal,
Monotonicity, Maxima & Minima).
Instructions :
Section - I
• Question 1 to 6 are multiple choice questions with only one correct answer. +3 marks will be awarded for correct
answer and -1 mark for wrong answer.
• Question 7 to 10 are Multiple choice questions with multiple correct option. 4 marks will be awarded for each correct
answer and –1 mark for each wrong answer.
• Question 11 to 16 are Passage based multiple correct type questions. 5 marks will be awarded for each correct answer
and –1 mark for each wrong answer.
Section - II
• Question 17 to 19 are numerical response questions. Each question carries +6 marks. There is no negative marking
in this section.
conducting bar
Y
conducting rails
X
L v B (A) θ = –π/4 (B) θ = + 3π/4
mean position (C) θ = + π/4 (D) θ = –3π/4
11. For any instantaneous position of the object P, the 15. Which of the following is correct ?
radial unit vector r̂r can be expressed as (A) Motion of the particle is non-periodic but y and
z-position co-ordinates vary in a periodic manner
(A) r̂r = î sin θ + ĵ cos θ
(B) Motion of the particle is non-periodic but x and
(B) r̂ = î cos θ + ĵ sin θ y-position co-ordinates vary in a periodic manner
(C) Motion of the particle is non-periodic but x and
(C) r̂ = î sin θ – ĵ cos θ z-position co-ordinates vary in a periodic manner
(D) r̂r = – î cos θ – ĵ sin θ (D) Motion of the particle is periodic and all the
position co-ordinates vary in a periodic manner
12. For any position of the object P, the tangential unit
16. If the co-ordinates of the particle at t = 0 are (2m, 1m,
vector can be expressed as
0), co-ordinate at a time t = 3T, where T is a time
(A) r̂t = î cos θ – ĵ sin θ period of circular component of motion, will be
(A) (2m, 1m, 400 m)
(B) r̂t = î sin θ – ĵ cos θ
(B) (0.142 m, 130 m, 0)
(C) r̂t = – î cos + ĵ sin θ (C) (2m, 1m, 1.884 m)
(D) (142 m, 130m, 628 m)
(D) r̂t = – î sin θ + ĵ cos θ
Numerical response questions (Q. 17 to 19). Answers to
13. In terms of r̂r , r̂t and θ, î can be expressed as this Section are to be given in the form of nearest
integer-in four digits. Please follow as per example :
(A) î = r̂r cos θ − r̂t sin θ (i.e. for answer : 1492.2 write 1492; 491.8 write 0492;
(B) î = – r̂r sin θ + r̂t cos θ 92.5 write 0092; 2.1 write 0002)
19. A ball of mass 100 g is projected vertically upwards (A) 4 × 10–3 Ms–1 (B) 8 × 10–2 Ms–1
from the ground with a velocity of 49 m/s. At the (C) 2 × 10–2 Ms–1 (D) 7 × 10–3 Ms–1
same lime another identical ball is dropped from a
height of 98 metre to fall freely along the same path 5. The potential of the Daniell cell,
as that followed by the first ball. After some time the ZnSO 4 CuSO 4
two balls collide and stick together and finally fall to Zn Cu was reported by Buckbee,
(1M ) (1M )
ground. Find the time of flight of the masses. (g = 9.8
m/s2) Surdzial, and Metz as
Eº = 1.1028 – 0.641 × 10–3 T + 0.72 × 10–5 T2, where
T is the celcius temperature. Calculate ∆Sº for the
CHEMISTRY cell reaction at 25º C -
(A) – 45.32 (B) – 34.52
Questions 1 to 6 are multiple choice questions. Each (C) – 25.43 (D) – 54.23
question has four choices (A), (B), (C) and (D), out of
which ONLY ONE is correct. 6. In a hypothetical solid C atoms form CCP lattice with
A atoms occupying all the Tetrahedral voids and B
atoms occupying all the octahedral voids. A and B
1. A mixture of CO and CO2 having a volume of 20 ml
atoms are of the appropriate size such that there is no
is mixed with x ml of oxygen and electrically distortion in the CCP lattice. Now if a plane is
sparked. The volume after explosion is (16 + x) ml cut (as shown) then the cross section would like –
under the same conditions. What would be the
residual volume if 30 ml of the original mixture is
treated with aqueous NaOH ? Plane
(A) 12 ml (B) 10 ml
(C) 9 ml (D) 8 ml
CCP unit cell
2. Rutherford’s experiment, which estabilished the
nuclear model of the atom, used a beam of -
(A) β–particles, which impinged on a metal foil and C B C C C CC
got absorbed A
17. The specific rate constant of the decomposition of 5. A differentiable function f is defined for all x > 0 and
N2O5 is 0.008 min-1. The volume of O2 collected satisfies f(x2) = x4 for all x > 0, then f´(16) is equal to
after 20 minutes is 16 ml. Find the volume (in ml) (A) 64 (B) 16
that would be collected at the end of reaction. NO2 (C) 8 (D) None of these
formed is dissolved in CCl4.
6. Let f(x) = xex(1 – x), then f(x) is
(A) increasing on [–1/2, 1]
18. Graph between log x/m and log p is straight line (B) decreasing on R
inclined at an angle of 45. When pressure is
(C) increasing on R
0.5 atm and ln k = 0.693, what will be the amount of (D) decreasing on [–1/2, 1]
solute adsorbed per gm of adsorbent ?
Questions 7 to 10 are multiple choice questions. Each
19. A current of dry air was passed through a series of
questions has four choices (A), (B), (C) and (D), out of
bulbs containing 1.25 g of a solute A2B in 50 g of
which MULTIPLE (ONE OR MORE) is correct.
water and then through pure water. The loss in
weight of the former series of bulbs was 0.98 g and in
1
the later series 0.01 g. If the molecular weight of A2B 7. The lim x 8 3 (where [x] is greatest integer
is 80 calculate degree of dissociation of A2B.
x →0 x
function) is
(A) a nonzero real number
MATHEMATICS (B) a rational number
(C) an integer
(D) zero
Questions 1 to 6 are multiple choice questions. Each
question has four choices (A), (B), (C) and (D), out of
which ONLY ONE is correct. e1/ x − e −1/ x
8. Let f(x) = g´(x) where g´ is the
e1 / x + e −1 / x
1. The value of derivative of g and is a continuous function then
π 3π 5π 7π 9π 11π 13π lim f ( x ) exist if
x→0
sin sin .sin .sin .sin .sin .sin
14 14 14 14 14 14 14 (A) g(x) is polynomial
is equal to : (B) g(x) = x
(A) 1 (B) 1/16 (C) g(x) = x2
(C) 1/64 (D) None of these (D) g(x) = x3 h(x) where h(x) is a polynomial
1
13. ∫ f (x) dx is equal to
0 • The Andromeda Galaxy is 2.3 million light
(A) 1/2n (B) 2n years away.
(C) 1/2 (D) 2
• Pluto lies at the outer edge of the planetary
Passage : II (Q. No. 14 to 16) system of our sun, and at the inner edge of
Among several applications of maxima and minima the Kuiper Belt, a belt of icy comets that are
is finding the largest term of a sequence. Let <an> be the remnants of the formation of the solar
a sequence. Consider f(x) obtained by replacing x by system.
n x
n e.g. let an = consider f(x) = on [1, ∞]
n +1 x +1 • On June 8 2004, Venus passed directly
x between the Earth and the Sun, appearing as
f´(x) = > 0 for all x.
( x + 1) 2 a large black dot travelling across the Sun's
Hence max f(x) = lim f ( x ) = 1. disk. This event is known as a "transit of
x →∞ Venus" and is very rare: the last one was in
1882, the next one is in 2012.
14. The largest term of an = n2/(n3 + 200) is
(A) 29/453 (B) 49/543 • A sunbeam setting out through space at the
(C) 43/543 (D) 41/451 rate of 186,000 miles a second would
describe a gigantic circle and return to its
15. The largest term of the sequence origins after about 200 billion years.
an = n/(n2 + 10) is
(A) 3/19 (B) 2/13 • Mercury can only be seen from the Earth at
(C) 1 (D) 1/7 twilight.
IIT-JEE 2011
XtraEdge Test Series # 4
Time : 3 Hours
Syllabus : Physics : Essential Mathematics, Vector, Units & Dimension, Motion in One dimension, Projectile
motion, Circular motion. Chemistry : Mole Concept, Chemical Bonding, Atomic Structure, Periodic Table .
Mathematics: Trigonometric Ratios, Trigonmetrical Equation, Inverse Trigonmetrical Functions, Properties of
Triangle, Radii of Circle.
Instructions :
Section - I
• Question 1 to 6 are multiple choice questions with only one correct answer. +3 marks will be awarded for correct
answer and -1 mark for wrong answer.
• Question 7 to 10 are Multiple choice questions with multiple correct option. 4 marks will be awarded for each correct
answer and –1 mark for each wrong answer.
• Question 11 to 16 are Passage based multiple correct type questions. 5 marks will be awarded for each correct answer
and –1 mark for each wrong answer.
Section - II
• Question 17 to 19 are numerical response questions. Each question carries +6 marks. There is no negative marking
in this section.
velocity (v)
questions has four choices (A), (B), (C) and (D), out of
which MULTIPLE (ONE OR MORE) is correct.
(A) (B)
r r r
7. For the three vectors d , d1 and d 2 , suppose
time (t) time (t) r r r
d = d1 + d 2 then
velocity (v)
velocity (v)
60º (A) d must be greater than d1, d2
(C) (D) (B) d may be greater than d1, d2
(C) d must be smaller than d1, d2
45º (D) d may be smaller than d1, d2
time (t) time (t)
8. A jumbo jet needs to reach a speed of 360 km/h on
5. A particle A moves along the line y = 30 m with a the runway for takeoff. If we assume constant
constant velocity v = 3.0 m/s directed parallel to the acceleration and a runway of length 1.8 km, then –
x-axis. A second particle B starts at the origin with (A) the minimum acceleration required from rest is
zero speed and constant acceleration a = 0.4 m/s2 at
2.8 m/s2
the same instant that the particle A passes the y-axis.
(B) the minimum time from rest to takeoff is 36
If B makes an angle θ with the x-axis, then the value
second
of θ for collision to occur between A and B should
(C) the minimum acceleration required is 9.8 m/s2
be–
(D) the minimum time for takeoff is 72 second
Y
9. The engineer of a train moving at a speed v1 sights a
A freight train a distance d ahead of him on the same
v
track moving in the same direction with a slower
speed v2. The puts on the brakes and gives his train a
a constant deceleration a. Then –
B θ (A) if d > (v1 – v2)2/2a, there will be no collision
X
(A) 30º (B) 45º (C) 60º (D) 72º (B) if d < (v1 – v2)2/2a, there will be a collision
(C) The x versus t graph of the two trains if no
collision occurs, may be as shown here in fig.
6. An object moves in a straight line as described by the
velocity time graph in fig.
20
Velocity (m/s)
15 x
10
5 O time
(D) All of these
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
10. A body is dropped from rest and falls freely. The
Times (s) position (y), the velocity (v) and the acceleration (a)
Then the graph that represent the acceleration of the of the body at t = 0, 1, 2, 3, (second) are given in the
object as a function of time is – table. Then the correct statements are –
t y v a
a a (s) (m) (m/s) (m/s2)
(A) (B) 0 0 0 g
0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 1 y1 v1 a1
times (s) times (s) 2 y2 v2 a2
3 y3 v3 a3
a a
(A) y1 : y2 : y3 = 1 : 3 : 5
(C) (D) (B) y1 : y2 : y3 = 1 : 4 : 9
0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 (C) v1 : v2 : v3 = 1 : 2 : 3
times (s) times (s) (D) a1 : a2 : a3 = 1 : 3 : 5
11. Coordinates of point P (measured in metre) are 16. Effective length of the pendulum, i.e., distance
between the point of suspension and the centre of
(A) (1, 0, –1) (B) (2, 1, –1)
mass of the object, can be written as
(C) (1, 1, –1) (D) (2, 2, –1)
(A) (20.5 ± 0.6) cm (B) (20.125 ± 0.446) cm
(C) (20.125 ± 0.669) cm (D) (20.25 ± 0.54) cm
12. At Q, torque acting on the mass can be expressed as
(A) –5 ĵ – 5 k̂ newton-metre Numerical response questions (Q. 17 to 19). Answers to
this Section are to be given in the form of nearest
(B) –8 ĵ – 8 k̂ newton-metre integer-in four digits. Please follow as per example :
(i.e. for answer : 1492.2 write 1492; 491.8 write 0492;
(C) – 10 ĵ – 10 k̂ newton-metre
92.5 write 0092; 2.1 write 0002)
(D) –12 ĵ – 12 k̂ newton-metre 17. The width of a river is 25 m and in it water is flowing
with a velocity of 4 m/min. A boatman is standing on
13. Coordinates of point Q(measured in metre) are the bank of the river. He wants to sail the boat to a
(A) (4, 3, –3) (B) (2, –1, 1) point at the other bank which is directly opposite to
(C) (3, –2, 2) (D) (2, 4, –2) him. In what time will he cross the river, if he can
sail the boat at 8 m/min. relative to the water ?
Questions 1 to 6 are multiple choice questions. Each Questions 7 to 10 are multiple choice questions. Each
question has four choices (A), (B), (C) and (D), out of questions has four choices (A), (B), (C) and (D), out of
which ONLY ONE is correct. which MULTIPLE (ONE OR MORE) is correct.
1. Iron forms two oxides, in first oxide 56 gram. Iron is 7. Which of the following statements is/are
found to be combined with 16 gram oxygen and in correct ?
second oxide 112 gram . Iron is found to be (A) Group 12(IIB) elements do not show
combined with 48 gram oxygen. This data satisfy the characteristic properties of transition metals
law of - (B) Among transition elements, tungsten has the
(A) Conservation of mass highest melting point
(B) Reciprocal proportion (C) Among transition elements, group 3 (IIIB)
(C) Multiple proportion elements have lowest densities
(D) Combining volume (D) Transition metals are more electropositive than
alkaline earth metals.
2. A carbon compound containing carbon and oxygen
has molar mass equal to 288. On analysis it is found 8. 11.2 g of mixture of MCl (volatile) and NaCl gave
to contain 50% by mass of each element. Therefore 28.7 g of white ppt with excess of AgNO3 solution.
molecular formula of the compound is- 11.2 g of same mixture on heating gave a gas that on
(A) C12O9 (B) C4O3 passing into AgNO3 solution gave 14.35 g of white
ppt. Hence ?
(C) C3O4 (D) C9O12
(A) Ionic mass of M+ is 18
(B) Mixture has equal mol fraction of MCl and NaCl
3. Lattice energy of BeCO3 (I) , MgCO3 (II) and CaCO3
(C) MCl and NaCl are in 1 : 2 molar ratio
(III) are in the order -
(D) Ionic mass of M+ is 10
(A) I > II > III (B) I < II < III
(C) I < III < II (D) II < I < III
9. Specify the coordination geometry around the
4. Which of the following conditions is not correct for hybridization of N and B atoms in a 1 : 1 complex of
resonating structures ? - BF3 and NH3 - [IIT- 2002]
(A) The contributing structures must have the same (A) N : tetrahedral, sp3 ;B : tetrahedral, sp3
number of unpaired electrons (B) N : pyramidal, sp3 ; B : pyramidal, sp3
(B) The contributing structures should have similar (C) N : pyramidal, sp3 ; B : planar, sp2
energies
(D) N : pyramidal, sp3 ; B : tetrahedral, sp3
(C) The contributing structures should be so written
that unlike charges reside on atoms that are far
apart
17. The vapour density of a mixture containing NO2 and 7. If A and B are acute angles such that A + B and
N2O4 is 38.3 at 27ºC. Calculate the millimoles of NO2 A – B satisfy the equation tan2θ – 4 tan θ + 1 = 0,
in 100 g mixture. then
(A) A = π/4 (B) A = π/6
18. A sample of a mixture of CaCl2 and NaCl weighing (C) B = π/4 (D) B = π/6
4.22 g was treated with sodium carbonate to
precipitate all the calcium ion as CaCO3 which was 8. If the numerical value of tan (cos–1(4/5) + tan–1(2/3)
heated and quantitatively converted to 0.959 g of is a/b then
CaO. Calculate % of CaCl2 in the mixture.
(A) a + b = 23 (B) a – b = 11
(C) 3b = a + 1 (D) 2a = 3b
19. The line at 434 nm in the Balmer series of the
hydrogen spectrum corresponds to a transition of an
electron from the nth to second Bohr orbit. What is 9. A solution of the equation
2
the value of n ? (1 – tan θ) (1 + tan θ) sec2θ + 2 tan θ = 0
where θ lies in the interval (–π/2, π/2) is given by
MATHEMATICS (A) θ = 0
(C) θ = –π/3
(B) θ = π/3
(D) θ = π/6
Questions 1 to 6 are multiple choice questions. Each 10. Given an isosceles triangle with equal sides of length
question has four choices (A), (B), (C) and (D), out of b, base angle α < π/4, R, r the radii and O, I the
which ONLY ONE is correct. centres of the circumcircle and incircle, respectively.
Then
π 5π 7π 1
1. The numerical value of sin .sin .sin is equal
18 18 18 (A) R = b cosec α (B) ∆ = 2b2 sin 2α
2
to
b sin 2α b cos(3α / 2)
1 1 1 (C) r = (D) OI =
(A) 1 (B) (C) (D) 2(1 + cos α ) 2 sin α cos(α / 2)
8 4 2
(A) 1 +
69
(B) 1 –
69 Chemistry Facts
6 6
1. The element with the lowest boiling point is
− 3 + 69 − 3 − 69
(C) (D) also helium at -452.07 degrees Fahrenheit (-
6 3 268.93 degrees Celsius.
12. If tan α, tan β satisfy (1) and cos γ, cos δ satisfy (2) 2. The word "atom" comes from the Greek word
then tan α tan β + cos γ + cos δ can be equal to atomos, meaning "uncut."
5 2
(A) –1 (B) – + 3. In 1964, scientists in Russia discovered
3 13
element 104, and suggested the name
5 2 5 2
(C) − (D) – − Kurchatovium and symbol Ku in honor of Igor
3 13 3 13
Vasilevich Kurchatov. Then in 1969, scientists
13. The number of solutions common to (1) and (2) is in the U.S. also found element 104, and
(A) 0 (B) 1 propsed the name Rutherfordium (symbol Rf),
(C) finite (D) infinite in the honor of the New Zealand physicist
Ernest R. Rutherford. To get the names past
Passage : II (Q. No. 14 to 16) the I.U.P.A.C., it won with rutherfordium.
α = cos–1(4/5), β = tan–1(2/3), 0 < α, β < π/2
4. The first and relatively pure atom of tantalum
14. α + β is equal to was produced by von Bolton in 1907.
(A) tan–1(17/6) (B) sin–1(17/ 5 13 ) 5. Andres Manual del Rio discovered what we call
–1
(C) sin (3/5) –1
(D) cos (3/ 13 ) today vanadium. He called it panchromium,
and then changed it to erythronium (red), after
15. α – β is equal to noting that upon heating it turned red. In 1831,
(A) cos–1(18/ 5 13 ) (B) sin–12/ 13 ) Nils Gabriel Sefström (a Swedish chemist) was
working with some iron ores and this matter
(C) tan–1(1/18) (D) cos–1(3/ 13 )
was lead to honor the Northern Germanic
tribes' goddess Vanadis due to its inspiration in
16. cos–1(44/125) is equal to
multi-colors. In the same year, Friedrich
(A) 2α (B) 3α
Wöhler came into posession of del Rio's
(C) π – 3α (D) π – 2α
erythronium, and confirmed it to be vanadium,
Numerical response questions (Q. 17 to 19). Answers to after Vanadis. The name Vanadium is now
this Section are to be given in the form of nearest being used instead of del Rio's erythronium.
integer-in four digits. Please follow as per example :
(i.e. for answer : 1492.2 write 1492; 491.8 write 0492; 6. Hafnium was named after the city of
92.5 write 0092; 2.1 write 0002) Copenhagen, Denmark.
17. In a triangle ABC, if r1 = 2r2 = 3r3 then 7. The heaviest type of lepton is the tau.
[100 – (4a/5b)]2 is equal to
Ques 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ans C B B D D C B , C ,D A ,B A ,B A ,D
Ques 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
Ans B D A B B C 0017 0001 0007
C H E MI S T R Y
Ques 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ans A D A D D C A ,D B , C ,D A ,B B,C
Ques 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
Ans C D A B A B 0108 0001 0041
MATHEMATICS
Ques 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ans C C C C D A B , C ,D C,D A,B,D A ,B
Ques 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
Ans A D C B A C 2485 0162 0192
PHYSICS
Ques 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ans C A D C A D B,D A ,B D B,C
Ques 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
Ans B C A C A C 0004 0027 0004
C H E MI S T R Y
Ques 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ans C A A C D C A , B ,C A ,B A B
Ques 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
Ans A D C C D D 0437 0045 0005
MATHEMATICS
Ques 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ans B D C B B A A ,D A , B ,C B,C A .C . D
Ques 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
Ans A,B B,D A ,C A ,B A ,C C 9801 9802 1553