os and some components. It ical characteristics wever, itis. a multi- d at each stage. est suited where ‘orm the aperture of a photographic which this process to produce curved 11 to 1.7 mm thick is usually used-for jd to the highest ation. It produces f collimated beam. ntly but is making for microdrilling it fficiency and high rission of radtation > is made of laser ochromatic light) ‘to give extremely any material m Production. an atom and each fom is excited, ce. either by heat, or nic cell will be in jump up to next rbit to next one. ‘gy from external ssible. remains at same nergy, and shoot | the excited con- vy it. This emis- De spontaneous. 1 at the excited vill emit the ex- erally use Ruby ient, chromium to 5000 atoms. for laser beam t there then no 1m receives any htphotons, and kes place. This stantaneous as ¢ of Ruby rods, after some time cht can be seen, N TECHNOLOGY coming out of it. For production ion of laser } beam it that the energy be pumped in, and se i: come out instantaneously, of coy: o™Ped ener, intensity 0. will pe houlg us we Song Thus we find that, laser beam teats (1) Pumping of energy, and @ Pe involves stimulation effect. Toduction of Fig. 10.34 shows them Flash lamps continuously bombard the chro duction omiu Ruby rod. These emit laser beam, The eugg miu atoms wy made flat and parallel within limits of Ruby rod are ethod of laser bea o that laser be, out with optical phenomena (i.e. way ape . Wavelengt mes beam eonsists of photons having reddish gence) Laser rance Flash lamps (pum green light e P— Light shield Coolant —=3 Out) = ne —— for laser Ruby rod | | Lah Flat ana Coolant Fig. 10.34 For stimulation effect, the major portion of atoms must be at higher energy level so that the energy can be harnesse At normal condition, most of atoms will be at ground level and not at excited energy level as shown in Fig, 10.35, Ifenergy is pumped continuously they will emit energy at their sweet will and energy will not be harnessed & 5 2 a No, of atoms Fig. 10.35 Higher energy level Intermediate level Ground level Fig. 10.36 When atoms are excited to higher energy level ae emit energy, at one stage these come to metastable state an!