Coac An ISO solelen ‘Main Centre 704, Above Big Apple, Near Batra Cinema, Mukherjee Nagar - Delhi - 09 Web: paramountcoachingcenter.com Email : paramount.no1@gmail.com 4; 011-27607854, 88608-22222, 88603-33333, 88608-33333PHYSICSica expressed in terms of laws of Quan physica are called physical quantities. The tities like length, mass, time, temperature, volume and density etc, which can be Teawured are known as physical quantities. ‘A physical quantity is represented by a number followed by # unit, The ‘number plus unit! is known as the ‘magnitude’ of the physical quantity PHYSICAL QUANTITIES ARE OF TWO TYPES: (i) Basic physical quantities, (ii) Derived physical quantities. BASIC PHYSICAL QUANTITIES: Physical quantity expressed in terms of standard units which are independent of each other are called Basic Physical Quantities. There are a total of 7 basic physical quantities. Length, mass, time, inten quantities of physics can be expressed in tefmns of these physical quantities. Basic Physical Qual are also Known as Fundamental ‘physical Quantities. R DERIVED PHYSICAL Q1 oe A Physical Quantity expreg AN term of 2or more fundamental units ha independent qu area existence are called Derived ‘al Quantitites. It is obtained by multiplyi iding one basic physical quantity with @fgtNer basic physical quantity. Aunitis aq Pay dimension used asa standard of meas t () There shogttd We a standard unit of measugéifien (ii) A com ison should be made between the standard of measurement and the quantity to be measured. NI uNr St units in short. PHYSICAL QUAN IES THE SEVEN BASIC INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM OF MEASUREMENTS, Ny Basic Physical Nanfe SS Symbol of| quantity unit TTength etre ™m 2. Mass (-|Sefeerom | te 3. Time '& second s 4. Electric curre! ampere A 5. Temperatur’} kelvin K 6. Luminou: it candela ca 6. Lami Meee| “onote | ret They Med of light in vacuum is 299,792,458 m/s fry MEFRE 'Y e ctre is the SI unit of length. A metre is the 6B of path travelled by light in vacuum during ectric Current, temperatur huey 1¢ interval of y and amount of substance.All gtheM) 299,792,458 of a second T kilometre = 1000 metres] T 1 centimetre =—— metre 100 2. KILOGRAM Kilogram is the SI unit of mass. 7 1 millimetre =~— metre 1 quintal = 100 ke T tonne = 1000 kg_ 1 gram = kg 1000 1 milligram = 1000 T —— gram ; Kilogram is denoted by the symbol kg, gram The international system of units is called py g and milligram by mg.ND ‘Second is the SI unit of time. seconds = T minute [24 hours ‘day ‘Ampere is the SI unit of electric current The ampere is the constant current which, if maintained in two straight parallel conductors of infinite length and of negligible circular cross- section placed 1 metre apart in vacuum, would produce between them a force of 2x 10’ newtons Ber metre of length, Kelvin is the SI unit of temperature. The triple point of water is temperature at which all the three phases of water (ice, liquid and water vapour) co-exist in dynamic equilibrium. The triple point of water hav been assigned a temperature of 273.16 kelvin. The Kelvin is 1/273.16 of the thermodynamic temperature of the Triple Point of water. 6. Mole is the SI unit of the amount of substance. A mole is the amount of substance which contains as many elementary particles {atoms, molecules or ions) as there are in 12 grams of carbon-12. % ‘CANDELA Candela is the SI unit of Luminous ingensity™ (Luminous intensity means brightness of Nght) IP any monochromatic source of light product frequency of 540x 10"? Hz in a definitgirection and if its intensity be 1/683 watt/ ster; then Luminous intensity is of 1 Candela. PREF) ‘Value Prefix ibol 10" exa- 10° peta- P 107 ter T 10° G 10° et u_| 10° - K 107 1ecto- h : ‘deca- da deci- d ‘centi- 5 10 milli- m™m 10° micro 7 10° Tano- an 10" Pico- P 10°" Temto- T C10 atto- a DERIVED UNITS (OR DERIVED SI UNITS) ‘A unit obtained by multiplying or dividing one base unit by another base unit is called derived unit. The derived physical quantities like area volume, density, pressure, force, eneggy, spr velocity, acceleration, power, momenth7h ge, all ary ‘ined derived'SI units which have been from the base SI units. The base SI unit of di: (which is 5 length) is metre (m) and tha le is second (s) So unitof di Preis) 1 speed = Unitof distaneforsceth) - m/sorms Unitof spec es Z The SI unit epost is m/s of ms". NITS: Wame ofthe (| pHame of the [Symbol of the Derived qu: ‘ved SI Unit|Derived 81 unit ‘Arca ® juare metre | _m* Vel cubic metre | m Talogrma per — cube metre _|_e/m’or ke metres per m/sorms | velocity) _| second | ceeleration | metre per m/s oF me" second square jomentum ———Ticlogram meter} km/s or kems! per second Force (and weight] newton n Work (and energy] joule F Power watt W 4 Pressure pascal PaMOTION, DISTANCE. A body is said to be in motion (or moving) when its position changes continuousl with respect to a stationary object taken asa reference point. _ ‘The distance travelled by a body is the aci length of the path covered by a moving body respective of the direction in which the body travels, . When a body moves from one posi another, the shortest (straight line) distance between the initial position and final position of the body, along with direction, is known as its displacement A Nok . c ¢ When a body travels from A to B and tndeae the distance travelled = p + b and displacement = h Distance is a scalar quantity magnitude only) but displace: magnity because it has MOE direction. 8 UNIFORM MOTION A body has a ul equal distances in eq i how small these distance-time gra] for line. Ye ise it has. ‘a vector ‘s well as a notion if it travels vals of time, no matter fAtervals may be. The fniform motion is a straight ND DISPLACEMENT NON - UNIFORM MOTION A body has a non-uniform ‘ unequal distances in equal intervalsgPuyne KS ~~ >> ® Distance x Time AS [Phe motion of a freely falling body is an gxulnple of non uniform motion. The distance-time Bh for a body having non-uniform motion is a Nirved line. Non-Uniform accelerated motion, SPEED, VELOCITY AND ACCELERATION The motion of a body can be described by three terms: speed, velocity and acceleration SPEED ‘Speed of a body is the distance travelled by it per unit time motion is also called ncetravelled, Time taken! Speed = If a body travels a distance 's’ in time 't then its speed 'v is given by: ¥= | Where v = Speed s = Distance travelled {= Time taken (to travel that distance) ‘The SI unit of distance is metre (m) and that of time is second (s), therefore, the SI unit of speed js metres per second which is written as m/s or ms".__ Speed has magnitude only, it has no Specified direction, therefore, speed is a scalar quantity AVERAGE SPEED The average speed of a body is the total distance travelled divided by the total time te to cover this distance. Total distance travelled Average speed verse Total time taken UNIFORM SPEED (OR CONSTANT SPEED} A body has a uniform speed ifit travels equal distances in equal intervals of time. VELOCITY Velocity of a body is the distance travelled by it per unit time in a given direction. Velocity of a body is its speed in a specified direction. Velocity = Distance travelled in a given direction/Time taken ves/t v= velocity of the body 8 = distance travelled {in the giv direction) t = time taken (to travel that di tance) The unit of velocity is the same as thaeéf 1 % speed (m/s or ms") AS Velocity has magnitude as welasdirection. Velocity is a vector quantity. vas/t Q. savxt velocity if it travels in Distance travelled velocity « time over equal distances in VE! (ii) By keeping the speed constant but by changing the direction. AVERAGE VELOCITY: init 1al velocity + final velocity 2 Average Velocity ACCELERATION Acceleration of a body in defined an the ray, of change of velocity of a moving body with ure Acceleration = change in velocity/ time take, for change > Change in velocity = final velo — ining, velocity ws Acceleration ~ nal velocaty, Wahi velocity ‘tune taken Accele A € , a= Acceleratlu.pf the body v= Final yglocity of the body u = Initidl Polarity of the body t= Tigfitaen) for the change in velocity Phe SMyunit of acceleration is m/s? or ms Ax prcclleration is a vector quantity and when a beak fs moving with uniform velocity, it acgéteration will be zero. @NIPORM ACCELERATION A body is said to be accelerated if it tr straight line and its velocity increases by equal ‘amounts in equal intervals of time. A body has a uniform acceleration if its velocity changes at a uniform rate. Here are some examples of the uniformly accelerated motion () The motion of a freely falling body is an example of uniformly accelerated motion. The motion of a bicycle going down the slope of a road when the rider is not pedalling and wind resistance is negligible, is also an example of uniformly accelerated motion. The motion of a ball rolling down an inclined plane is an example of uniformly accelerated motion (ii) (i) A body has a non-uniform acceleration if its, velocity increases by unequal amounts in equal intervals of time. In other words, a body has non: uniform acceleration if its velocity changes at a non. uniform rate. RETARDATION (OR DECELE! NEGATIVE ACCELERATION) When the velocity of a moving object TION,