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hoGtL zdf{ x/fe/f t'NofpFb,} To;}sf] dfWodaf6 g]kfnL hgdfg;df r]tgfsf] lrGtg /
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cfnf]rgfnfO{ lgikIf ptfg'{ g} jf:tljs ;dfnf]rgf jf ;dLIff xf], t/ cfhsn
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efef zdf{ ljåfg\ kf7ss} Gofofnodf 5fl8Psf] 5 .
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dxfsfJo–@)%* sf] n]vgkl5 dfq b]vf k/]sf] xf] k|:t't …z[ªu\ f/–;'wfÚ
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j6f sljtf ;d]l6Psf 5g\ . sljtfsf zLif{s /flvg] 7fpFdf …k'ik !–@Ú eg]/
gfds/0f ul/Psf] 5 eg] @* cf}F sljtfdf …ltd|f] x[boÚ eGg] zLif{s /flvPsf]
b]lvG5 .
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sljnfO{ /ª\uL–lj/ª\uL k"mnx¿, kftx¿, ntf–s'~h, d'gf–d~h/L, dgk5{ .
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t pgL sljtf n]V5g\ . hLjg–hut\k|ltsf] df]x -k|d] _af6 k|fKt cfgGbn]
lgs} cfglGbt x'Fb} slj slxn] k"mnnfO{ cfFvf lemDSofpg k'us ] f 5g\ t
slxn] h"gnfO{ lh:sfpg . oxL ;]/f]km]/f]df slj Ps k|d] Lsf] ¿kdf hlGdg
klg k'us ] f 5g\ . log} cg'el" tnfO{ cfkm\gf sljtfdf ;d]6/] kf7ssf] dg /
dl:tisleq ;/f]a/L 5fpg ;kmn ePsf 5g\–slj g/]Gb| k/fz/ o; …z[ªu\ f/
;'wfÚ sljtf;ª\ux| leq .
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uxg efj, ;/n k|:t'lt, t/n k|jfx g} sljtfsf] clåtLo ;f}Gbo{ ag]sf] 5 .
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lng] lyof] eGg] nflu/xG5 . x'g t @% b]lv @( cf}F k'ikdf cfPsf] …ltdL zAb
s]jn ;Daf]lwt k|l] dsfsf nflu dfq} geP/ st} dft[el" dsf] nflu, st}
k|s[ltsf nflu, st} k|s[lt–k'?if b'js } f nflu, st} hGd lbg] hggLsf nflu
/ st} cGo ljleGg efj jf j:t'sf nflu k|of]u x'g'n] eg] kf7snfO{
tflg/xG5 .
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sljtfdf leGgleGg ljifo / leGgleGg /;sf] cfzf kf7sn] /fVb5g\ t/
oxfF eg] Pp6} :j/, Pp6} Wjlg / p:t} p:t} k|;ª\u / ;Gbe{d} kf7sn] lrQ
a'emfpg'kg]{ afWotf b]vf k/]sf] klg 5 . st}st} slj x[boleq pln{Psf]
efjk|jfxsf] e]nn] hjh{:tL 5GbnfO{ ;d]t aufpF5 ls eGg] qf; b]lvP klg
slj ;r]ttfsf] sf/0f o:tf] sdhf]/L gu0o g} kg{ uPsf] b]lvG5 .
kmf6\6k'm6\6 b]vf k/]sf o:tf ;fdfGo sdhf]/L /x] tfklg sljn]
5fg]sf] k':tssf] gfd …z[ªu\ f/–;'wfÚ eg] cToGt ;fy{s 5 . dof{lbt 9ª\udf
wf/fk|jfx ¿kn] z[ª\ufl/s cleJolQmdf kf]lvPsf] nfUg] k|:t't ;ª\u|xsf
sljtfx¿ jf:tjd} z[ª\uf/–/;sf] ;'wf kfg u/fpg ;dy{ b]lvG5g\ . To;}n]
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;fy{stf / ;sf/fTds efj af]ss ] f], ;fgf] cfsf/leq 7"nf] pknlAw lbg
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cToGt ;/n sljtf s[lt xf] …z[ªu\ f/–;'wfÚ .
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l;nl;nfdf :jb]z jf ljb]z e|d0f ubf{ ofqflgaGw n]Vg] ;of}F g]kfnL
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l;h{gf u'7Ln] @)^& ;fndf k|sflzt u/]sf] e'jgxl/ l;Ub]nsf] …ofqf
lsl;dlsl;dsfÚ gfds ofqflgaGw;ª\u|x klg Ps xf] .
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klxnf] k':ts eg] xf]Og . @))& ;fn h]7 % ut] af8e~Hofª, bxrf]s
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klxnf] s[lt xf] . tt\kZrft\ g]kfnL ;flxTo e08f/n] pgsf v08sfJo ^,
dxfsfJo #, gJosfJo !, sljtf;ª\u|x !, gLltsfJo -;xn]vg_ !,
syf;ª\ u | x !, pkGof; @, vuf] n ofqfsfJo !, ofqflgaGw !,
cf}kGofl;s]ltxf; ! / kB;+jfb -;xn]vg_ ! ;d]t !( j6f s[lt k|fKt
ul/;s]sf] 5 . xFl;nf], ;/n :jefj clg 5Gb sljtfsf] cfsif{s jfrgz}nLn]
ubf{ pgL ;|i6fx¿aLr cToGt lk|o / ;'kl/lrt klg 5g\ .
;dLlIft s[lt hDdf ( j6f lgaGwx¿sf] ;Fufnf] xf] . o;df @)#)
;fnb]lv @)^& ;fn;Ddsf] Pp6f nfdf] sfnv08df g]kfn / ef/tsf
ljleGg 7fpFdf ul/Psf e|d0fx¿nfO{ g} n]vgsf] ljifoj:t' agfOPsf] 5 .
lgaGwx¿ eg] @)^% r}qb]lv @)^& ebf};Ddsf] 5f]6f] cjlwdf n]lvPsf /
s]xL kqklqsfx¿df k|sflzt eO;s]sf klg 5g\ . cfVofg / sfJo ljwfsf
cg]sf}F u|Gyx¿ n]Vbfn]Vbf vfl/Psf] ljrf/åf/f n]lvPsf oL lgaGwx¿
;b[z / dg 5'g] lsl;dsf 5g\ . z}nL cToGt cfsif{s 5 . hlt;'s} k'/fgf
eP klg kfq, 7fpFx¿sf gfpF, ltlyldlt–;do;d]t pNn]v ugf{n] lgaGwx¿
lgaGwsf/n] pko'St 7fpFdf pko'St pvfg–6'Ssf ;dfj]z u/]sfn] /rgfx¿
cfe"if0fo'St ag]sf 5g\ . jf:tjdf o;nfO{ e'jghLn] g]kfnL ;flxTo–e08f/df
;dk{0f u/]sf] gf} y'uF f k"mnsf] dfnf jf ;'gsf] gf}u8] L eGbf cTo'lSt gxf]nf .
d'VotM cfk\mgf ldqx¿sf] cfu|xnfO{ xfg{ / cfk\mgf] cfsfª\IffnfO{
6fg{ g;Sg] :jefjsf sf/0f o; s[ltsf] hGd ePsf] xf] . af]Nof] ls kf]Nof]
eg]em} F s'g} s'/f ;f]Rof] ls sfof{Gjog ul/xfNg] hfFu/ / To;df cfOkg]{
r'gf}tLsf] b[9tfk"j{s ;fdgf ug]{ ;fx;n] pgnfO{ e|d0fdf dfq xf]Og,
;flxlTos ofqfdf ;d]t ;kmntfsf] lzv/df k'¥ofPsf] 5 .
10÷;dLIff–cª\s
j} h oGtL–!#
g]kfnL zAbsf]zx¿n] …ofqf lgaGwsf] cf}kGofl;s jf pkfVofgfTds
¿kÚ cyjf …ofqf–j0f{gaf/] syfTds z}nLdf n]lvPsf] lgaGwÚ nfO{ lgofqfsf]
¿kdf kl/eflift u/]sf] 5 . o; cfwf/df ;dLlIft s[ltnfO{ lgZro klg
…lgofqfÚ dfGg ;lsG5 . o;df /x]sf ljifoqmd dfq k9\bd} f klg kf7sn]
ofqfsf] uGtJo cg'dfg ug{ t ;Snf, t/ lgaGwnfO{ cfBf]kfGt gk9L o;sf]
/;f:jfbg ug{ eg] ;St}g . k|:t't ;a} lgaGw cToGt /l;nf / xf:ok|b 5g\ .
;'? u/]kl5 g;sL 5f]8\g dg} nfUb}g sf/0f cgfof; xfF;f] p7]sf] / cfF;' au]sf]
kQ} x'bF g} / s[ltn] ;kmn lgofqfsf/sf] ¿kdf k|:t't u/]sf] 5 e'jghLnfO{ .
lgaGwsf zLif{s / To;df pNn]v ul/Psf :yfggfd cjnf]sg ubf{
;dLlIft s[lt wfld{s lgaGw;ª\u|x xf] ls eGg] klg kg{ ;S5 . oyfy{df
o;df wfld{s kIf cToGt uf}0f / b]zsf] ef}lts k"jf{wf/, k|fs[lts ;|ft] /
;fwg, k|sl[ tsf] nLnf, ;+:s[lt, ;fdflhs Jojxf/, dgf]/~hg, dflg;sf] lrGtg,
hLjg:t/ cflb k|fwfGo ag]sf 5g\ . k|s[ltsf] nLnfnfO{ O{Zj/sf] nLnf eGg
?rfpg] cr]tg wd{eL?x¿nfO{ l;Ub]nhLn] lj1fgsf] cfwf/df oyfy{af]w
u/fPsf 5g\ . k|s[ltsf dgf]/d jf eLif0f v]n jf dflg;sf ;'Mvb'Mv h];s ' }
xf];\ ltgnfO{ j:t'k/s 9Ën] lrq0f / cfTdk/s 9Ën] JofVof ul/Psf 5g\ .
k':tssf] klxnf] lgaGw xf] – …%^*, e';lt3|] / uf];fOFyfgofqfÚ .
e'jghL / lj1fghL uf];fOFyfg uP, kms],{ of] ;fdfGo s'/f xf] . t/ ;+:yfgsf]
%^* g+= sf] df]6/;fOsndf 3'OlF sPsf ldqåoåf/f lqz"nLb]lv g} vf; u/L
j]qfjtLsf] ;}lgs u]6sf] kfn];dIf ;kmntfk"js { d~rg ul/Psf] gSsnL
gf6s o; lgaGwsf] /dfOnf] kIf xf] . d]/f lktfhLn] ;w}F eGg] egfO …rf/
ljBf rf}w rt'¥ofOFÚsf] cy{ of] lgaGw k9]kl5 dfq 5n{Ë a'em] F . bf];|f] lgaGw
sf7df8f}Faf6 Ps} lbgdf dgsfdgf k'u/] kms{g] l;Ub]naGw'åo afnuf]kfn /
e'jghLsf] x'6x'6Lsf] syf xf] . Tolt a]nf b/f}FbLsf] k]mbLaf6 dgsfdgf k'Ug
psfnf] r9\g} kYof]{ . :yfgLojf;LnfO{ ;d]t 8]9306f nfUg] Tof] psfnf]nfO{
l;Ub]n aGw'n] $% ld6gdf kf/ u/] . s] of] :ofn–lxF8fO xf]Og t < ToxL
:ofn–lxF8fOn] pgLx¿nfO{ kf]v/faf6 sf7df8f}F hfg] a; ;dfTg ;kmn klg
agfof] . ToxL ;kmntfn] xf]nf n]vssf] efjgf Gof}5fj/ ePsf] – …afnL
leœofPkl5 ls;fgn] cfk"m df6f]df df6f] ag]sf] b'Mv ;a} lal;{G5 . cfdfn]
aRrfsf] hGd ePkl5 k|;jkL8f e'lN5g\ . ljBfyL{ kf; ePkl5 p;n] k9fOsf
Joyf e'N5 .Ú
t];|f] lgaGw …o:tf] eof] bflh{lnª ofqfÚ rf/ k};fsf] ;funfO{ …cf7
cfgfsf] d;nfÚ eGg] pvfg;Fu ldNbf]hN' bf] syf xf] . jiff{bsf] ;dodf
:yfgLo dflg;x¿;d]t glxF8\g] af6f]af6 ghfg …y]jÚ] ;/n] lbPsf] ;Nnfx
gdfGbf em08} efn'n] rkfPsf] lyof], l;lSsddf l;kfxLn] emG8} uf]nLn]
p8fOlbPsf lyP . s]jn l;g]df x]g{ lkmlbdb]lv Rofªyfk' / 3]Dtfª x'Fb}
bflh{lnª k'Ug] ldqåo ljhohL / e'jghLsf] ofqf ;kmn / /f]df~rs t
eof], t/ Hofg xTs]nfdf /fv]/ eof] . ctL{ t 3tL{sf] klg dfGg'k5{ eGg]
pvfg o;} ag]sf] t xf]Og lg Û
;dLIff–cª\s÷ 11
j} h oGtL–!#
rf}yf] lgaGwsf] zLif{s xf] – …sflnGrf]s bz{g M ofF6] / sf7]efn'sf]
k|;ËÚ . …ofF6Ú] dflg;nfO{ 7x/} kfg]{ Pp6f sfNklgs k|f0fLsf] gfd xf] .
sf7]efn' tfs k/] dflg;sf] cfFvf vfg], gk/] To;} hfg] Hofb|f] / ;f]emf]
hgfj/ xf] . uf}/LzÍ/ lxdfn;Fu} 7l8Psf] kxf8l:yt sflnGrf]s eujtLsf]
bz{g ug{ hfFbf rn]sf k|;Ë x'g\ oL . eujtLsf] bz{g ug]{ Pp6f kIf t 5Fb5 }
t/ Tof] eGbf cufl8 d'9a] f6 uf}/LzÍ/ lxdfnsf] b[Zo b]v/] nl¶Psf k|s[lt–
k|d] L lgaGwsf/sf] cleJolQm o:tf] 5– …kufn]sf] gDa/L ;'gsf] ;f]nL 3f]K6\ofPsf]
lyof] hf]8/] . uf}/L / zÍ/ Û b'Oj{ 6f ;'gsf ;f]nL b]Vof}F . klZrdtk{m afbnsf
/ftf t'ndf n'ss ] fh:tf b]lvGy] 3fd . uf}/LzÍ/sf] k/fjlt{t kx]Fnf] k|sfz
d'9] cf;kf;sf rp/ / jg–ag]FnLdf ;'gs} hnk bn]h:t} u/]/ rlDsPsf]
lyof] . xl/of kftdfly ;'gsf] kfOg r9fPsf] cg'kd b[Zo aGof] Tof] .Ú
efiffsf] km/sn] ubf{ ofq'n] ;]kf{sf] alxgLnfO{ e]6]F eGbf ;]kf{n] v's'/L
lgsfn]sf] Pp6f /f]df~rsf/L 36gf klg o; lgaGwleq n'ss ] f] 5 .
kfFrf}F lgaGwsf] ¿kdf …wflbªsf] uËfhd'gf hfFbfÚ zLif{snfO{ cufl8
;fl/Psf] 5 . uf]=kdf k|sflzt ePsf] Pp6f n]vn] e'jghLnfO{ uËfhd'gfh:tf]
k|sl[ tsf] cb\et' agfj6nfO{ cjnf]sg ug{ nfnflot kf¥of] / pgL bnan;lxt
Totflt/ xflgP . afx| xhf/ lkm6 dflyaf6 v;]sf uËfhd'gf gfdsf tL
em/gfsf cnf}lss ¿k b]lvP, t/ jfkmsf] ¿kdf k]mbLdf ahfl/Psf em/gfsf]
kfgL au]sf] eg] b]lvPg . dflg;x¿n] uËfhd'gfnfO{ lzjn] cfk\mgf] h6fdf
cndNofPsf] sNkgf u/]/ wfld{s syf;Fu hf]8,] t/ em/gf k5fl/Psf]
u]u¥ofgaf6 kfgL l5/]/ tn d"n ag]sf] tYo eg] phfu/ u/]gg\ . wd{le?x¿n]
uËfhd'gfsf k|fs[lts 56fnfO{ O{Zj/sf] nLnf;Fu cfaWb ug{ vf]h]sf]
k|of;tk{m s6fIf ub}{ n]vsn] u/]sf] j}1flgs ljZn]if0f oxfF k7gLo nfUb5 .
…kl5 hfpFnf tftf]kfgLÚ zLif{ssf] lgaGwn] n]vs–bDktLsf] Pp6f
/f]rs ofqf j[QfGt k|:t't u/]sf] 5 . sf7df8f}Faf6 tftf]kfgL hfg lg:s]sf
bDktLnfO{ kl/jGbn] rl/sf]6 bf]nvf x'Fb} sflnGrf]s k'¥ofof], …kl5 hfpFnf
tftf]kfgLÚ eGg afWo u/fof] / v'?v'? 3/ kmsf{of] . s] ug'{ < cfk"mn] cfF6s ] f
;a} s'/f k'Ug] eP t Û
…afO{afO{ /fdbfOÚ dflg;nfO{ cToGt b|jLe"t agfpg] lgaGw xf] .
/fdbfO cyf{t\ /fd ef/tLsf lktfsf] gfd an/fd xf] . d'lvofsf] if8\oGqdf
kg{ nfu]sf] Pp6f bldt kl/jf/sf] pWbf/ ug{ vf]Hbf an/fdn] d[To' j/0f
ug'{k¥of] . /fdbfOsL lg/Lx cfdfn] pgnfO{ kfngkf]if0f ug{ e'jghLsf]
kl/jf/sf] sfvdf ;'lDkg\ . l;Ub]n kl/jf/n] klg p;nfO{ k'qjt\ Jojxf/
u¥of] . /fd ef/tL s'zfu| a'lWbsf] afns lyof] . 3/]n' sfddf dfq xf]Og,
k9fOdf klg pm lgk'0f b]lvFb} uof] . o;}aLr stfaf6 xf], /fdbfOsf] dflxnf]
bfh' 6'Kn'Ss b]vfk¥of] / p;n] /fdnfO{ ef/tlt/ nfg] ljrf/ u¥of] . l;Ub]n
kl/jf/df ?jfjf;L rNof] . cxf], /fdbfOsf] Tof] labfOsf] If0f Û /fdbfO
labf eP . ;dosf] nfdf] cGt/fnkl5 e'jghLnfO{ /fdbfOsf] lr7L cfof] .
e'jghL lr7Lsf] 7]ufgf k5\ofpFb} ef/tsf] klZrd aËfn k'u] . cfk"m ;fgf]
12÷;dLIff–cª\s
j} h oGtL–!#
5Fbf vfOv]n]sf] afn;vf k|yd >]0fLsf] c6f]df]afOn OlGhlgo/ ePsf]
b]Vtf e'jghLsf] x[bo slt ub\ub\ eof] xf]nf < b'O{ ;vfaLr enfs';f/L
rNof] . s]xL ;dosf] a;fOkl5 /fdbfOnfO{ afO{afO{ ub}{ e'jghL 3/ kms]{ .
…g'xfpg hfg'ePsf] /] xf]Og <Ú of] jfSo lgaGwsf] Pp6f zLif{s t x'bF }
xf], yfªsf]6 k|x/L rf}sLsf OG:k]S6/n] e'jghLnfO{ ;f]ws ] f] k|Zg klg xf] . @)$#
;fn ebf} !) ut] clkm; hfg lxF8s ] f e'jghL a]ns ' f u]66'ub] /df ;fd]n
eP, ca]/ ePsfn] ;fyLnfO{ k'¥ofpg afnfh' uP / /ftL ToxLF a;] . !! ut]
laxfg csf]{ ;fyLsf] 3/df k'u] . vf]kf;Ldf g'xfpg eg]/ ;fyL;d]t lnP/
df]6/;fOsndf lg:s]sf e'jghL w'nLv]n, kfFrvfn, bf]nfn3f6 x'Fb} afx|aL;]
k'u] / ToxLF a;] . !@ ut] laxfg} afx|aL;]af6 lxF8s ] f t lyP t/ /fte/sf]
jiff{n] af6f] lalu|;s]sf] lyof] . sxLF df]6/;fOsndf r9\b} / sxL p;}nfO{
l3;fb},{ cg]sf}F b'Mvsi6sf ;fy a]ns ' f % ah] yfgsf]6 k'u] . df]6/;fOsn;lxt
b'O{ hgf sd{rf/L a]kQf ePsf] ph'/L k|x/L rf}sLdf kl/;s]sf] lyof] . ph'/L
k/]kl5 k|x/Ln] ;f]wk'5 ub}g{ t <
…kz'kltsf] hfqf l;b|fsf] Jofkf/Ú eg]em} F lhK;dsf] vf]hL ug]{ lgx'Fdf
d'lStgfy k'Ug] cj;/ ldn]sf] j0f{g …lhK;dsf] vf]hL – d'lStgfysf] rfFhf]Ú
zLif{sdf pNn]v 5 . ofqfsf qmddf k/LIf0fsf nflu sf7df8f}F NofOPsf]
lhK;dsf] gd'gf gSsnL 7xl/P/ s] eof] t < d'lStgfysf] ofqf t ;kmn}
eof] lg Û af6f]df cln xflsdsf] x}sdjfbL k|jl[ Q vKg'k¥of], s'/f TolQ g xf] .
5fgf]dfly nufOPsf] bfp/fsf] xf/sf] kl/df0fnfO{ ;DkGgtf / ljkGgtf
dfkgsf] cfwf/ agfpg] d':tfªsf] rng eg] xfd|f] nflu cln gf}nf] s'/f xf] .
oL t eP lgaGwx¿sf ;f/;ª\If]k . s[ltsf ;DaGwdf oxfF pNn]v
ug}k{ g]{ c¿ s]xL a'Fbf klg 5g\ . n]vsLo OdfGbf/L ofqf;flxTosf] dxŒjk"0f{
kf6f] xf] . ;dLlIft k':tssf lgaGwsf/ Pp6f OdfGbf/ n]vssf ¿kdf
k|:t't ePsf 5g\ . ofqfsfndf kfqx¿aLr obfsbf l;h{gf ePsf] åGånfO{
Go"gLs/0f ug{ n]vsdf b]lvPsf] ljgd|tf / ;xgzLntf lgZro klg
cg's/0fLo ljifo x'g\ .
ofqfsfnsf tl:a/x¿ ofqflgaGwsf ;'Gb/ kIf x'g\ . lgaGwx¿df
kmf]6f]x¿ lvlrPsf cg]sf}F k|;Ëx¿ b]lvG5g\ t/ s[ltdf eg] Pp6f tl:a/
klg ;dfj]z ePsf] b]lvFbg} . lsl;dlsl;dsf ofqfsf lsl;dlsl;dsf
tl:a/x¿ ;hfpg ;lsPsf] eP of] ;'Gb/ s[lt ce}m slt ;'Gb/ aGbf] xf] <
ofqf ldlt jf n]vg ldltsf qmdn] lgaGwx¿ /flvPsf] eP ce}m /fd|f] x'GYof]
ls < lsg xf] s'lGg, lgaGwsf] Pp6f zLif{ssf cfwf/df k':tssf] gfds/0f
ug]{ rng oxfF sfod u/]sf] b]lvPg .
s[ltdf s;}af6 e"ldsf n]vfOPsf] kfOPg . …ofqfÚ sf ;DaGwdf
n]vsf] ;"qjt\ dGtJo k7gLo / dggLo klg 5 . g]kfnL ;flxTo–e08f/df
o:tf] ;'Gb/ s[lt lbg] lgofqfsf/ awfO{sf kfq 5g\ . o'Wb:t/df rln/x]sf]
pgsf] ;flxlTos ofqfn] lg/Gt/tf kfO/xf];\, xflb{s z'esfdgf .
9 ¿kdf v8f ePsf] 5 . jt{dfg ljZjdf h/f uf8]/ a;]sf cg]sf}+ ljs[lt /
;dLIff–cª\s÷ 13
j} h oGtL–!#
…ljeflht ljZjÚ dxfsfJoLo clejfbg
8f= s[i0fk|;fb bfxfn
snflglw bfxfn dfq slj x]fOgg\ . ;dLIfs / lgaGwsf/ klg x'g\ .
k]6kfnf] ug]{ b[li6n] Ps ;kmn lzIfs klg x'g\ . cWoog, cEof; / cgj/tsf]
gfd g} snflglw bfxfn xf] . w]/} dlRrg klg hfGb}gg\ / y]lRrP/ a:g klg
rfxFbg} g\ . g s;}sf] c]fsfnt u/]/ lx+8\5g\, g cfkm" s;}sf] c]fsfntsf]
ljifo ag]/ 5fkfx¿df 5l/g hfGb5g\ . a;, cfˆg} :jefjdf kfplnG5g\ /
a:gfbf/ km"n ag]/ kmqmGg\ . slj bfxfns]f l;·f] kl/ro eGg' oxL g} xf] .
Pp6} jfSodf eGg'kbf{ d"ntM snflglw bfxfn slj g} x'g\ . pgL
cfkm}F sljtfljwfdf hlt hd]sf 5g\, cGo ljwfdf Tolt hDg g;s]sf]
:jLsf/ ub{5g\M
;Demgfdf eP hlt ;f]xf]/L a'lgB"F snf
lz/dfly 3'dfP/ k'¥ofpmF d ynfynf .
o;d} lrlKnpmg\ d]/f ;dosf ;a} knf
sNkgf k'tnL aGb} grfpg ;s"F snf . -ljeflht ljZj, k[=&_
cfkm"n] cWoog / cg'et" u/]sf s'/f sljtfsf dfWodaf6 k|:t't ug]{
snf snflglwn] hGdhft kfPsf] u'0f xf] . To;}n] pgL sljtf;ª\u|x /
v08sfJo x'Fb} dxfsfJo;Ddsf] ofqfdf cfOk'us ] f 5g\ .
…ljeflht ljZjÚ slj snflglw bfxfnsf] @)^^ ;fndf k|sflzt
dxfsfJo xf] . of] dxfsfJo pgGtL; ;u{df ljeflht 5 . …dÚ / …x]dfÚ o;
dxfsfJosf d'Vo dfq x'g\ . of] dxfsfJo dxfslj snflglw bfxfnsf]
dgf]nf] ssf] Ps lj/f6\ ofqf xf] . o; dxfsfJosf af/]df ;dfnf]rs k|ofu/fh
jflzi7n] ;f·f]kf· k|:t'lt lbPsf 5g\M æk|:t't …ljeflht ljZjÚ dxfsfJosf
dxfslj leqsf låwf gf/L / k'?ifsf] lqwf e"t, eljio / jt{dfg -;do_,
;Tj,/h / td -u'0f_ sf] / rt'wf{ dg, a'l4 lrQ / cxª\sf/ ¿k cGtMs/0f
rt'i6osf] dfWodaf6 ;f+;fl/s k|j[lQ dfu{sf], k|k~rsf] ofqfdf /xFbf b]v]
a'em]sf], ;f]r–] ;Dem]sf], k9]–u'gs
] f] / dgdf nfu]–hfu]sf] ;fdflhs ;f+:s[lts
u|fdL0f, ;x/L, /fli6«o cGt/f{li6«o dfgjLo ;Gbe{nfO{ o; dxfsfJon] d'Vo
ljifoj:t'sf ¿k cFufn]sf] b]lvG5 . cyf{t\ slj snflglw bfxfnsf] hfu|t
dg / jt{dfg ;dfhaLrsf] cGtå{Gå g} o; dxfsfJosf] d"n ljifoj:t' xf] .
o;}sf cfwf/df cGo cfsL0f{, ljsL0f{ cg]s s'/fx¿ / cGttM / afXotM
cfa4 x'g cfpg] k|ToIffk|ToIf cg]s nf]s / nf]sftLt JolQm / ljifonfO{
k|sf/fGt/n] hf]8\g, df]8\g, tf]8\g, ;lsg] ;Defjgf klg o; dxdfsfJoleq
oqtq /x]sf 5g\ . ljifoj:t'sf] oxL ljGof;af6 …ljeflht ljZjÚ ;f]nf]8f]nf]
14÷;dLIff–cª\s
j} h oGtL–!#
lj;·ltx¿nfO{ dgf]nf] sLoofqfsf dfWodaf6 lr/kmf/ u/]/ x]g{ dxfsfJosf/
;kmn ePsf 5g\ . pgL eG5g\M ædfgj hLjgsf] clxn]sf] ofqfdf st} ;·lt
5}g . lj;·t hLjgofqfdf syfj:t'sf] z[ª\vnfa4 cf/f]xfj/f]xsf] cfu|x
casf hLjgofqfdf d ;Dej b]lVbgF . o;y{ o; s[ltsL gflosf–x]df
u|fdafnf eP/ k/Dk/fut lx;fan] ufpFd} /xg rfx]/ klg pgsf] OlR5t …dÚ
kfqk|ltsf] k|d] fsif{0fsf sf/0f b'O{ jif{sf] cjlwel/ aflx/L ljZjsf] e|d0f ug{
ljjz x'lG5g\ . olt dfq geP/ gflosf x]dfnfO{ gfos …dÚ n] ljZjsf s]xL
efusf] e|d0fdf lg:s]kl5 aLr af6fdf b]vf k/]sf ljljw si6, kL8fnfO{
;xh ¿kdf lng] / hxfF k'luG5, ToxLF al;G5, hf] e]l6G5, ToxL vfOG5,
To;df cfklQ ghgfpg] ;t{ l:jsfg{ nufpF5g\ . o; ofqfsf qmddf b]vf
k/]sf 36gf k|lt36gfk|lt d x]df cd's kfqsf ¿kdf ;'Gg] ;'lg/xg] d rflxF
cfˆg} x}l;otn] b]v]sf] :yfgljz]if, k|s[ltljz]if, /Lltl/jfh, rfnrng,
z[ª\vnf, pR5[ª\vntf, lx+;f–clx+;fh:tf s'/fsf] Psf]xf]/f] j0f{g ub{5g\ .
o;/L x]bf{ of] s[lt PsfnfkLo cGtk|j{ fxdf r"0f{ syfj:t'nfO{ dfq lnP/
bf}8s] f] b]lvG5 . t}klg efjgfTds cGtk|j{ fxsf] cljlR5Gg ¿k rflxF 5 g} .Æ
log} k|flKtx¿sf lk/fld8af6 of] s[ltn] :jsLo j}lzi6\o sfod u/]sf] 5 .
dxfslj snflglw bfxfn o; dxfsfJodf b]jsf]6fsf] h:t} lemgf]
syfj:t'nfO{ lnP/ sfNklgs p8fgdf /dfPsf 5g\ . :jR5GbtfjfbL z}nLnfO{
cfTd;ft\ ub}{ hfFbf kl/isf/sf] cfu|xnfO{ TofUb5g\ . n]vgsf] ld7f;n]
d'v ld7\ofpFb} cufl8 a9\bf kf7ssf] efudf tLtf], 6/f]{ kl/sf/ kl:sPsf]
kQ} kfpFbg} g\ . To;}n] o; dxfsfJosf] ;dfnf]rsLo l6Kk0fL ug]{ qmddf
k|f=8f= s'nk|;fb sf]O/fnf slj bfxfnsf] dxfsfJosfl/tfdf v';f{gLsf] w"k
xfNg kl5 kb}g{ g\– æeflifs :yfkTosnfsf b[li6n] bfxfnsf sljtf ?lrs/
5}gg\ . cV8\ofª\–aV8\ofª k/]sf jfSo / efjk|lts"n eflifs ljsNksf]
rogh:tf sfJo d'v0' 8Lkg klg e]l6G5g\ .Æ sf]O/fnfsf s'/fdf ;Tosf] c+z
cjZo g} 5, t/ klg hª\unL km"nsf] ;f}Gbo{n] eg] dxfsfJo l;+ufl/Ps} 5 .
sljsf sflJos snfsf afGsLx¿ o; k|sf/ 5g\M
emLgf tf/x¿ aG5g\ syfsf cª\u e} st}
gb]lvg] u/L 6'6\5g\ km]l/ h'6\5g\ htftt} .
h'6\g' 6'6\g' oxL g} xf] lhGbuLsf] snf egL
sNkgfsfzsf /ª\u cª\u aG5g\ ynfd'lg . -k[= $_
sljn] lhGbuLs]f kl/efiff ;fx|} dL7f] u/]sf 5g\ . zAbsf] ljGof;b]lv
lnP/ cg'k|f;sf] ;·lt ldnfpg pgL lgk'0f b]lvPsf 5g\ .
Pstf/] 5 of] k[YjL oxfF o:t} ;a}lt/
kl;gf lkpg] ?G5g\ /Qm Ko"Fg] 5 ;'Gb/ .
lha|f] /ftf] x'gs
] f] g} ePsf] 5 ;':jfut
v'On]sf kL7sf dfG5] v'On]s} 5g\ ;w}F–;w}F . -k[= !%_
juL{o c;dfgtfn] pAhfPsf] ljs[ltk|lt sljn] Joª\Uo u/]sf 5g\ .
zf]if0fsf] k/fsfi7fnfO{ oxfF b]vfOPsf] 5 .
;dLIff–cª\s÷ 15
j} h oGtL–!#
lu4n] df;'sf] rf]S6f] e]6\bf v';L eP;/L
c:jfefljs k|flKtdf dfG5] xfF:5 d/Ld/L . -k[= @^_
dfgjtfjfbdfly wfjf af]Ng]x¿nfO{ Joª\Uosf afF0f xfG5g\ slj oxfF –
lagf d':sfgsf] x'Gg hndf gedf yn
bb{ /f]kL sxfF kfS5 lhGbuLleq sfkmn . -k[= ##_
dfwj l3ld/]n] h:t} sfJosnfsf] lgdf{0f ug{ slj oxfF Psbd} ;kmn
ePsf 5g\ . zflGt, ;b\efj / :g]xdf g} lhGbuL ;'vdf x'g] s'/f sljn]
atfPsf 5g\ .
hxfF dfgjtf 3'D5 3'D5 l;ª\uf] r/fr/
h;sf] x]/km]/Ldf ;[li6 of] x'G5 ;'Gb/ . -k[= &$_
dfgjtfeGbf 7"nf] s'/f s]xL gx'g] dfGotfnfO{ sljn] oxfF snfTds
afGsLåf/f cleJolQm lbPsf 5g\ .
Pn\ km/\ nfb]gsf] ;f6f] Pn km/\ lnnL lnP Wjlg
;a} cftª\ssf 7fpF 3'Dy] k/fu kmGkmgL . -!#(_
slj snflglwn] o; dxfsfJoleq cftª\ssf/Lx¿sf] lgw{Ss eO{
eT;{gf u/]sf 5g\ . cftª\sjfbsf gfddf cfˆgf] dfq} :jfy{k"lt{ ug{
klNsPsfnfO{ sljn] rf]l6nf] emfk8 xfGg kl5 k/]sf 5}gg\ .
hxfF cufw cf:yfsf ;'jf; dUdufpF5g\
;j{;f}Gbo{sf kq ToxL kmqmg kfpF5g\ .
hxfF x'Gg st}af6 r'8\g] n'l5g'sf] eo
ToxfF lhGbuLsf x'G5g\ eJodf eJo cfno . -k[=!(^_
jf:tjdf o; dxfsfJosf] d"n lgisif{ oxL g} xf] . ljeflht ljZjnfO{
hf]8g\ ] d'Vo s8L :g]x ;b\efj / zflGt g} xf] . o;}sf] lglDt g} sljsf] sflJos
k|ltef 5rlNsPsf] 5 . To;}n] dxfsfJosf/k|lt dxfsfJoLo clejfbg hfx]/
ug'{ d cfˆgf] k/d st{Jo 7fGb5' . pgn] dfgjtfjfbsf] lhpFbf] clen]vsf]
¿kdf of] dxfsfJo k|sfzgdf NofPsf 5g\ . pgsf] of] dxfsfJosf] ljifon]
b]zLo ;Ldf/]vf gf3]/ ljZjJofkL ¿k wf/0f u/]sf] 5 . sljn] ;d;fdlos
ljifo p7fP/ ljZjnfO{ g} 7"nf] u'g nufPsf 5g\ . …;j{hg lxtfoÚ / …;j{hg
;'vfoÚ sf] d"n dGqnfO{ sflJos efjwf/faf6 tof/ u/]/ slj bfxfnn] g]kfnL
dxfsfJosf] ljsf;df pknlAwk"0f{ sfo{ u/]sf 5g\ . lj:tfl/t n]vgdf xft
xfn]sfn] s]xL s;/d;/ x'g' t :jfefljs} xf] . To;}n] k|f=8f= jf;'bj] lqkf7Ln]
eg]sf s'/f ;fef/ ub}{ d klg eGb5'M æslj snflglw bfxfnnfO{ cfpFbf
k':tsfsf/ k|sfzgdf kof{Kt ;+oldt, cfTdlgolGqt / kl/is[t eO{ cfˆgf]
cljsf}znnfO{ ;Sbf] vfg{ / plhNofpg cfdlGqt ub{5' .Æ
9
cfFtsf] lgb{oL eGbf aflx/}sf] s8f lgsf]
u'bL ao/sf] x]/f}F / bfFhf}F gl/a]nsf]
–gLltljrf/af6
16÷;dLIff–cª\s
j} h oGtL–!#
zAbl;Gw' M dxfslj b]jsf]6f ztjflif{sL ljz]iff°
k|f= uf]kLs[i0f zdf{
dxfslj nIdLk|;fb b]jsf]6f ztjflif{s ;df/f]x @)^^ ;fnsf]
jif{el/ g} ljljw sfo{qmd u/]/ dgfOPsf] 5 . :jb]z / ljb]zdf klg ljleGg
uf]i7L / ;]ldgf/x¿ ePsf 5g\ . klqsfx¿n] a[xt\ cfofddf ztjflif{sL
ljz]iff°x¿ k|sfzgdf NofPsf 5g\ . dw'ks{, /rgf, ul/df, sf}lzsL,
cflbsf ztjflif{sL ljz]iff°x¿ o;} jif{df ljz]if ;fh;Hhfsf ;fy k|sflzt
ePsf 5g\ . o;} z[ª\vnfdf zAbl;Gw' klqsfn] a[xt\ u|Gys} ¿kdf ædxfslj
b]jsf]6f ztjflif{sL ljz]iff° -!(^^–@)^^_Æ k|sfzgdf NofPsf] 5 .
;flxlTos q}dfl;s …zAbl;Gw'Ú klqsfsf] jif{ ! c° @ sf ¿kdf @)^^
;fpg–ebf}–c;f]hsf] b]jsf]6f–hGdsf] ;of}+ jif{ k|jz ] sf] cj;/ kf/]/ of] u|Gy
;fj{hlgs ePsf] xf] . afns[i0f e§/fO{sf] ;+/IfsTj / ofbj e§/fO{sf]
;DkfbsTj tyf k|sfzgdf k|sflzt ePsf] of] ljz]iff° dxfslj nIdLk||;fb
b]jsf]6fnfO{ ljleGg sf]0faf6 lrgfpg] zAbdo cnad xf], ;flxlTos
of]ubfgsf] dxŒjk"0f{ b:tfj]h xf] .
…zAbl;Gw' dxfslj b]jsf]6f ztjflif{sL ljz]iffª\s -!(^^–@)^^_Ú
lj:t[t sn]j/df k|sflzt ePs]f dxÎjk"0f{ u|Gy xf] . l8dfO{ ;fOhdf #@)
k[i7;Dd nlDaPsf] of] u|Gy cGo ljz]iff°x¿sf ;fk]Iftfdf klg a[xt\ cfsf/s}
dfGg'k5{ . o;df ;flxToIf]qdf gfd sdfPsf ljlzi6 ;flxTosf/x¿sf
n]v/rgf, ;+:d/0f–pb\uf/ / s[ltut ljj]rgfx¿ ;flDdlnt 5g\ . o;
u|Gysf] ljd]frg @)^& ;fn h]7 ! ut] ls:6 sn]hdf ePsf] lyof] / g]kfn
k|1f k|lti7fgsf s'nklt, >L j}/fuL sfOFnfaf6 u|Gysf] ljdf]rg ePsf]
lyof] . ¿kGb]xL lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nodf !)*÷)^%–)^^ g+ df btf{ eO{
k|sflzt x'g] o; klqsfsf] vf; dxÎj 5, Tof] s] eg] of] klqsfn] w]/} gfd
sdfPsf k|Voft n]vs–;flxTosf/x¿sf] dfof kfPsf] 5 . o;df ;Dkfbs
ofbj e§/fO{sf] ;flxlTos hg;Dks{, nfdf] ;flxlTos kqklqsfsf] cg'ej
/ g]kfnL ;flxTosf] >Lj[l4df b]lvg] ;dk{0fefjn] 7"nf] sfd u/]sf] 5 .
ofbj e§/fO{ :jo+ klg slj tyf ;dLIfs x'g\ . ;flxlTos sfo{qmdx¿sf
;~rfngdf klg pgsf] ?lrk"0f{ ;+nUgtf /xG5 . o;/L ;flxTosf/x¿;Fusf]
cfTdLo ;x;Dks{n] ubf{ klg w]/} ;flxlTos dxf/yLx¿sf n]v /rgfx¿
o; u|Gydf ;dflji6 ePsf x'g\ . of] s[lt klqsfsf] gfdaf6 b]lvP klg of]
cfkm}d+ f Pp6f k"0f{ s[lt xf] / ;ª\u|x0fLo u|Gy klg xf] . klqsfsf z[ª\vnfdf
cfP klg o; s[ltn] dxfslj b]jsf]6fnfO{ ljz]if ¿kdf lrgfpg] ul/dfzfnL
u|Gysf] :yfg lnPsf] 5 .
;dLIff–cª\s÷ 17
j} h oGtL–!#
…zAbl;Gw' b]jsf]6f ztjflif{sL ljz]iff°Údf b'O{ efu 5g\– -!_
s[ltd"Nof°g / -@_ JolQmTj÷;+:d/0f . cf/Dedf …nIdLk|;fb b]jsf]6fsf]
tf;sGb jQmJoÚ g]kfnL efiffdf lbOPs]f 5 . ;fy;fy} tf;sGb jQmJosf]
d"n cª\uh ]| L efiff k|lt b]jsf]6fs]f …tashkeut Speech klg /flvPsf] 5 .
o;df elgPsf] …Delegation la Alro–Asion WriterÚs Conference Tashheut,
Oct. !(%*= tf;sGb jStJosf] of] cª\u|h ] L k|lt lgs} b'ne{ / ;Dkfbsn]
ljz]if vf]hL u/]/ ;dfj]z ul/lbgfn] zAbl;Gw'sf] uf}/j a9]sf] :ki6} 5 .
s[ltd"Nof°g cGtu{t afO{; hgf ;dLIfs ljåfg\x¿sf n]v–/rgf
5g\ eg] JolQmTj÷;+:d/0ftkm{ PstL; ;flxTosf/x¿sf cg'el" tx¿ 5g\ .
o;/L lqkGg hgf n]vs ljåfg\x¿sf /rgf / dxfslj b]jsf]6fsf tf;sGb
jQmJosf b'O{ yfg;d]t u/]/ hDdfhDdL krkGg /rgfx¿sf] ;Fufnf]sf
¿kdf of] zAbl;Gw' cfPs]f 5 . dxfslj b]jsf]6fnfO{ o'u–o'u;Dd hLljt
t'Nofpg] ;~hLjgL u|Gysf ¿kdf o;s]f dlxdf 5, of] o; s[ltsf] pNn]Vo
kIf klg xf] .
s[lt d"Nof°gdf cfPsf n]vsx¿sf] gfd csf/flb qmddf 5 /
tbg';f/ klxnf] /rgf ;dLIfs tyf slj Clif/fd e';fnsf] …b]jsf]6fsf
sljtfsf] s]Gb|ljGb' kfunÚ /x]sf] 5 . …kfunÚ sljtfsf] d"Nofª\sg ub{{}
lgisif{df ;dLIfs e';fnn] eg]sf 5g\– ædxfslj b]jsf]6fn] /rgf u/]sf em08}
;f9] 5 ;o km'6' s/ sljtfx¿dWo] efj'stf, tLj|t/ cg'el" t, tLvf] Joª\Uo,
wfl/nf] k|ltjfb, ljs[lt–lj;ª\ult;Fusf] ljb|fx] , hgkIfLotf / ;f}Gbo{rt]
el/Ps]f of] -kfun_ clåtLo sljtf xf] .Æ
8f= s' d f/axfb' / hf] z Lsf] ‘sf] ; ] 9' ª \ u f 7xl/g] b] j sf] 6 fsf
zf/bfsfnLg sljtfs[lt’ zLif{sdf ;dLIff 5flkPsf] 5 . 8f= hf]zLsf]
l6Kk0fL 5–æb]jsf]6fsf zf/bfsfnLg jf levf/LsfnLg oL sljtfx¿ -u/La,
j[If, 3fF;L, ;GWof, dfu{, levf/L, afbn, ofqL, ;'Gb/Lhn cflb_ jf:tjdf
g]kfnL ;flxTosf sf];] 9'ª\uf 7xl/G5g\, lsgeg] oL sljtfn] g]kfnL
;flxTodf n]vgfy, ;d k|e[ltsf] Snfl;sn jf kl/isf/jfbL sfJowf/f
ljk/Lt gofF ?dfgL jf :jR5GbtfjfbL sfJowf/fsf] k|jt{g–k|lti7fkgdf /
cem ljsf;–lj:tf/df ;d]t cu|0fL e"ldsf lgjf{x u/]sf 5g\ .Æ
t];|f] s[ltsf ¿kdf s[i0fk|;fb l3ld/]s]f …b]jsf]6fsf syfdf
;dfhzf:qLo lrGtgÚ k|sflzt 5 . ;dLIfs l3ld/]n] eg]sf 5g\– æb]jsf]6fn]
n]vs ] f syfx¿df ;fdflhs hLjgsf lrq syfleq ;d]l6P/ k|:t't ePsf
5g\ . pgsf lemª\us ' f] emf]k8L -@))$_, gk';+ s k|hf -@))%_ / /fhf / u'?
-@))&_ syfx¿n] cfly{s ljjztf, /fhgLlts b[li6ljxLgtf / k|zf;gsf]
ultnfO{ ;ª\st] u/]sf 5g\ .
rf}yf] /rgf rflxF …b]jsf]6fsf] ;Demgf / pgsf b'O{ afnsljtfs[ltÚ
zLif{sdf /x]sf] 5 . ;dLIfs s[i0fk|;fb k/fh'nLn] o; /rgfdf eg]sf 5g\–
ædxfslj b]jsf]6fsf afnsljtf afnefiff l6k]/ afndg 5'g] u/L n]lvPsf
5g\ . pgsf afnsljtf lrl6Ss 5g\, r'6S' s 5g\, em/f{ ld7f zAbn] 7fpF
18÷;dLIff–cª\s
j} h oGtL–!#
kfPsf 5g\ / cg's/0ffTds zAb gfr]sf 5g\ .Æ
kfFrf} /rgf k|f= 8f= ufdL{ zdf{sf] …kª\u' k|d] Laf6 hLjg ;~rflnt
x'GgÚ eGg] zLif{sdf /x]sf] 5 . k|d] e]fUo x'gk' b{5, cflTds k|d] n] dfq hLjg
;~rflnt x'Fbg} eGb} o; ;dLIffdf cgª\unfO{ kª\u' k|d] L elgPsf] 5 .
5}6f}+ /rgf rflx …dxfslj nIdLk|;fb b]jsf]6f / zfs'Gtn dxfsfJoÚ
zLif{sdf /x]sf] 5 . o;df ;dLIfs k|f= uf]kLs[i0f zdf{af6 …zfs'Gtn dxfsfJo
nfO{ cVofgeGbf efj'stfsf] jr{:j a9L ePsf] eGg] l6Kk0fL ul/Psf] 5 .
;ftf} + /rgf 8f= 3gZofd Gof} k fg] kl/>dLsf] …b] j sf] 6 fsf
dxfsfJox¿df gfossf] k|of]uM Ps cWoogÚ zLif{sdf /x]sf] 5 . o;df
;dLIfs Gof}kfg]sf] dxfslj b]jsf]6fsf dxfsfJox¿df b]vf kg]{ gfosx¿
b'ioGt, cg·, dxf/f0ff k|tfk, g/]Gb| jf pQd, k|ldy; / k[YjL/fh rf}xfgnfO{
gfossf ¿kdf ljj]rgf u/]sf 5g\ .
cf7f}+ /rgf l8NnL/fh e§/fO{sf] …slj b]jsf]6f / pgsf sfJok|j[lQÚ
zLif{sdf ;dflji6 5 . ;dLIfs e§/fO{n] ljleGg k|df0fx¿ h'6fpFb} dxfslj
nIdLk|;fb b]jsf]6fnfO{ :jR5GbtfjfbL dfgjtfjfbL sfJok|j[lQ ePsf
sljsf ¿kdf k|:t't u/]sf 5g\ .
gjf}+ /rgf lqe'jg a/O{sf] …syfsf/ nIdLk|;fb b]jsf]6fsf] d:o{fª\bL
syfdf /rgfljwfgÚ zLif{sdf /x]sf] 5 . sf7df8f}+ zx/df a]lrPsL x]nDa'sL
tfdfª\ s]6L d:of{ªbL dflnsaf6 g} anfTs[t x'G5] . ToxfFaf6 klg cGoq
k'us
] f] cj:yfdf aRrf hGd]sf] / ;doqmddf cfdf 5f]/f b'js } f] d[To' ePsf]
syfj:t'nfO{ ;dLIfs a/O{n] ?lr If]q, /LltIf]q, ;f/j:t', cy{;fk]If, b[li6
ljGb', syfgs 9fFrf / ¿kljGof;sf syftŒjx¿af6 ljj]rgf u/]sf 5g\ .
b;f}+ /rgf 8f= bfdf]b/ 9sfnsf] …dxfslj b]jsf]6fsf] sfJoofqf
/ jg sljtfsf] ljZn]if0fÚ zLif{sdf /x]sf] 5 . o; /rgfdf b]jsf]6fsf]
sfJoofqfnfO{ rf/ r/0fdf ljeflht ul/Ps]f 5 . o;kl5 z}nL, efj;+of]hg,
cnª\sf/ / sygk4ltsf cfwf/df …jgÚ sljtfsf] ljZn]if0f ul/Psf] 5 .
P3f/f}+ /rgf …lu|s ldy, k|ldy; afpG8, k|ldy; cgafpG8 /
b]jsf]6fsf], k|ldy; dxfsfJoÚ zLif{sdf /x]sf] 5 . ;dLIfs lbn ;fxgLn]
o; /rgfdf ;j{k|yd k|dl] yo;af/] u|Ls k'/fsyfsf] 5f]6f] syfj:t' lbPsf
5g\ . To;kl5 u|L;sf dxfg\ gf6ssf/ Pl:sn;sf]] …k|ldy; afpG8Ú eGg]
gf6ssf] j:t' / s]xL cª\u|]hL c+z;lxt syfj:t' lbOPs]f 5 . oxL
k[i7e"lddf dxfslj b]jsf]6fsf] k|ldy; dxfsfJo cfPs]f pNn]v 5 .
;dLIfs lbn ;fxgLn] k|ldy; dxfsfJonfO{ ljleGg s]f0faf6 ljj]rgf u/]sf
5g\ . lbn ;fxgLsf] ;dfnf]rgfTds sf}zn o; /rgfaf6 :ki6 kl/nlIft
x'G5 .
afx|f+} /rgf 8f= b'uf{k|;fb cof{nsf] …lgaGwsf/ b]jsf]6fsf b[li6df
cnª\sf/, 5Gb / z}nLÚ zLif{sdf /x]sf] 5 . lgaGwsf/ b]jsf]6fsf] nIdL
lgaGw ;ª\u|xdf plNnlvt sltko ;Gbe{af6 cn°f/, 5Gb / z}nL af/]
pgsf dfGotfx¿nfO{ o; /rgfdf ljzb ¿kn] ljj]rgf ul/Ps]f 5 .
;dLIff–cª\s÷ 19
j} h oGtL–!#
t]xf| +} /rgf b]jLk|;fb Gof}kfg] …wL/Úsf] …slj b]jsf]6fsf] u/La sljtfsf]
ljZn]if0fÚ zLif{sdf /x]sf] 5 . o; /rgfdf b]jsf]6fsf] d"n k|j[lQ 7DofpFb}
u/La sljtfsf] ljZn]if0fsf ;Gbe{df efj tyf ;Gb]z kIf, zLif{sljwfg,
sygk4lt, noljwfg cflbnfO{ ljj]rgfsf] cfwf/ agfOPsf] 5 .
rf}wf}+ /rgf afns[i0f e§/fO{sf] …b]jsf]6fs]f dfofljgL ;;L{M Ps
cWooogÚ zLif{sdf /x]sf] 5 . xf]d/sf] …c]fl8;LÚ dxfsfJodf rlr{t gfos
dxfjL/ o'lnl;; / ;d'b|L ofqfdf uPs]f avt Pp6f 6fk'sL, dfofljgL
;;L{n] o'lnl;;sf jL/x¿nfO{ tGqdGqåf/f kz' agfO{ y'gfdf /fv]sf] /
kl5 o'lnl;;s} k|of;n] k'gM k"jj{ t\ g/ ag]/ kms]s { f] syfnfO{ o; /rgfn]
ljj]Ro j:t' agfPsf] 5 . b]jsf]6fsf] pQm j:t'df lgld{t v08sfJo dfofljgL
;;L{’nfO{ ;dLIfs e§/fO{n] rl/q, kl/j]z, k|j[lQ, /;ljwfg, noljwfg
åGå, z}nL cflb ljleGg sf]0faf6 ljj]rgf u/]sf 5g\ . v08sfJosf,
ax'cfoflds kIfnfO{ o; ljj]rgfn] ;k|df0f k|:t't u/]sf] 5 .
kGw|f}+ /rgf …jL/x¿sf] lgaGwdf 3f]lTnFbfÚ zLif{sdf /x]sf] 5 .
;dLIfs efujt 9sfnn] o; /rgfdf nIdLk|;fb b]jsf]6fsf] nIdL lgaGw
;ª\ux| df /x]sf] …jL/x¿Ú eGg] lgaGwdf kfOg] j:t'kIfsf] ljj]rgf u/]sf 5g\ .
;f]x|f} /rgf …b]jsf]6f / /f]dflG6s sljÚ zLif{sdf 5 . ;dLIfs
dl0f/fh e§/fO{n] o; /rgfdf /f]dflG6s slj j8{:jy{sf] k|efj dxfslj
b]jsf]6fdf k/]sf] tYonfO{ pbfx/0f;lxt k|:t't u/]sf 5g\ . j8{:jy{sf]
Solitary Reaper sljtfsf] k|efj b]jsf]6fsf] 3Fl;of uLtdf / the Rain-
bow sf] k|efj b]jsf]6fsf] …OGb|wg'Ú sljtfdf k/]sf] pNn]v ub}{ cª\u|h ] L
sljtf c+zsf] p4/0f;d]t lbb} k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . o;} u/L z]nL, h]fg
ls6\; / jfN6/ :s6sf sljtfsf k|efjx¿ klg pNn]v ul/Psf 5g\ .
;qf}+ /rgf o'j/fh gofF3/]sf] …dxfsljnfO{ Ps kqÚ zLif{sdf
/x]sf] 5 . n]vs gofF3/]n] d'gfsf] ck/flht rl/q / dbgsf] cd/
k|d] fg'el" tsf] rrf{ ub}{ …d'gfdbgÚ v08sfJon] g} cfkm"nfO{ b'Mv s] xf] eg]/
lrGg ;3fp k'¥ofPsf] l6Kk0fL u/]sf 5g\ .
c7f/f}+ /rgf k|f= /fh]Gb| ;'jb] Lsf] …sfJos]Gb|sf b]jsf]6f kfZrfTo
ldyssf lsgf/af6 ;[hfdftf v08sfJosf] ;dLIffTds cWoogÚ zLif{sdf
/x]sf] 5 . ;dLIfs ;'jb] Ln] o; /rgfdf …;[hfdftfÚ v08sfJosf] ljleGg
kIfaf6 ljj]rgf u/]sf 5g\ . syfj:t', kfqljwfg, kl/j]z, efjljGof;,
;u{of]hgf, noljwfg, ljDa–cnª\sf/ / efiffz}nL h:tf kIfx¿af6 o;
/rgfdf …;[hfdftfÚ v08sfJosf] uxg ljj]rgf ul/Psf] 5 .
pGgfO;f}+ /rgf zflns/fd kf}8\ofnsf] b]jsf]6fsf] nIdL sljtf–
;ª\u|xsf sljtfsf] cWoog zLif{sdf /x]sf] 5 . ;dLIfsn] nIdLsljtf
;ª\u|xdf k|sflzt em~emfk|lt, xfdL g]kfnL, x'/Lsf] uLt, bfn–eft–8's,'
kfun, zfxhxfFsf] OR5f, Hj/zdgf k|sl[ t cflb sljtfx¿sf] ljj]rgf u/]sf
5g\ . ;fy} dxfsljsf sljtfdf kfOg] d"ne"t k|jl[ Qsf] klg rrf{ ul/Ps]f 5 .
aL;f}+ /rgf lzjk|;fb 1jfnLsf] …nIdLk|;fb b]jsf]6f / pgsf]
20÷;dLIff–cª\s
j} h oGtL–!#
levf/L sljtfÚ zLif{sdf /x]sf] 5 . o;df ;dLIfs 1jfnLn] levf/L
sljtfnfO{ efj, noljwfg / efiffz}nLsf sf]0faf6 ljZn]if0f u/]sf 5g\ .
PSsfO;f}+ /rgf 8f= lzjk|;fb kf}8ofnsf] …b]jsf]6fsf] dxfsfJout
k|jl[ QÚ zLif{ssf] 5 . pgsf dxfsfJodf kfOg] b|t' n]vg, efjsf] tLj|td cfj]u,
;ª\uLtfTdstf, :jR5Gbtfjfb cflb k|jl[ Qsf] ljj]rgf n]vsn] u/]sf 5g\ .
afO;f}+ /rgf ;/f]h zdf{ l3ld/]sf] …pQ/ cfw'lgs ;dfnf]rgf
l;4fGtsf s;Ldf dxfslj …b]jsf]6fÚ zLif{sdf /x]sf] 5 . k|rlnt ;flxTo–
dfGotfnfO{ r'gf}tL lb+b} gofF dfGotfsf] :yfkgf ug]{ k|j[lQn] ubf{ b]jsf]6fsf
zfs'Gtn dxfsfJo / kfun cflb sljtfx¿nfO{ pQ/ cfw'lgs sf]0faf6
;d]t ljj]rgf ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] ;dLIfs ;/f]h zdf{sf] wf/0ff 5 .
dfly pNn]lvt @@ ;dLIffTds /rgfdWo] ;ft /rgf dxfslj
b]jsf]6fsf km'6s/ sljtf;Fu ;DalGwt 5g\ . kfun, jg, levf/L, u/La
zLif{s sljtfsf ;fy} nIdL sljtf;ª\u|xsf sljtf, zf/bfsfnLg sljtf
/ b'O{ afnsljtfsf] ljj]rgf–ljZn]if0f o; u|Gydf ul/Ps]f 5 . tLg /rgf
dxfsfJo;Fu ;DalGwt 5g\ . dxfsljsf zfs'Gtn, ;'nf]rgf / k|ldy;
dxfsfJox¿ o; u|Gydf ax'njfbL ;dLIff k4ltaf6 ljj]lrt 5g\ / st}
k|efjk/stfsf] k|ltlaDa klg kfOG5 . v08sfJotkm{ dfofljgL ;;L{ /
;[hfdftf u/L b'O{ v08sfJosf] ljj]rgf ul/Psf] 5 . lgaGwtkm{ @ /rgf
5g\ . ltgdf …jL/x¿Ú lgaGwsf] ljj]rgf ePs]f 5 eg] csf]{ tkm{ b]jsf]6fsf
lgaGwn] cf}N+ ofPsf cn°f/, 5Gb / z}nLsf] ljZn]if0f ul/Psf] 5 . syftkm{
@ /rgf 5g\ . o;df Ps /rgf b]jsf]6fsf] d:of{ª\bL syfdf s]lGb|t 5 eg]
csf]{ /rgf b]jsf]6fsf syfdf kfOg] ;dfhzf:qLo lrGtgdf cfwfl/t 5 .
dxfsljsf sfJok|j[lQaf/] $ /rgfn] ljj]rgf u/]sf 5g\ . b]jsf]6fsf
sfJok|j[lQ, /f]dflG6s k|j[lQ, dxfsfJout k|j[lQ / pQ/ cfw'lgstf h:tf
zLif{sdf oL /rgfwdL{ k|j[lQx¿ ljZn]if0f 5g\ . d'gfdbgnfO{ ljifo agfP/
Pp6f kq ;flxTo;d]t u|Gydf ;dfj]z ul/Ps]f 5 . o;/L hDdf afO{;
/rgfx¿ s[ltd"Nof°g efudf ;dflji6 5g\ / logn] b]jsf]6fsf] ;flxTo–
sfl/tfnfO{ /fd|f; ] uF lrgfpg] sfd u/]sf 5g\ .
zAbl;Gw'M b]jsf]6f ztjflif{sL ljz]if°df bf];f| ] efu JolQmTj÷;+:d/0f
cGtu{t PstL; /rgfx¿ 5g\ . b]jsf]6f;Fu e]63f6, cyfx ;fu/, s]xL
:d[ltlaDa, dfgjtfjfb, ztjflif{sLdf ;'emfj, ;flxnf afh], cd/ gIfq,
;Bf]Bt k|:km'6 slj, b]jsf]6fsf] klxn]f sljtf ‘;Demgfdf b]jsf]6f, ;flxFnf
afh]sf] ;Demgf, klAns k':tsfnosf] ;Gbe{, g]kfnL dxfslj b]jsf]6f,
hLjgsf] no, b]jsf]6fsf] gf6\oljBf, b]jsf]6f / pgsf lk|o legfh',
c;fdfGo b]jsf]6f cflb ljifo jf zLif{sx¿df oL ;:d/0fx¿ /x]sf 5g\ .
Pn cfuflgdf, sdn bLlIft, s[i0frGb| l;+x k|wfg, uf]ljGb e§, k|f= 3gZofd
sF8n ] , 7fs'/ zdf{, 8f= t'n;L, e§/fO{, 8f= r"8fdl0f aGw', g/]Gb|/fh k|;fO{,+
lgTo/fh kf08], dbgdl0f bLlIft, /fi6«slj dfwj l3ld/], df]bgfy k|l>t,
/Tgzdz]/ yfkf, /fdk|;fb kGt, /3' l3ld/], /fdk|;fb bfxfn, /fd]Zj/
;dLIff–cª\s÷ 21
j} h oGtL–!#
/fpt dft[bf;, /fx'n ;f+:s[Tofofg, j;Gts'df/ zDdf{ g]kfn, 8f= lji0f'/fh
cfq]o, lji0f' k|eft, 8f= z}nG] b'ks
| fz g]kfn, Zofdk|;fb zdf{, afns[i0f ;d .
k'0ok|;fb cfrfo{ …afl56fÚ, Zofdbf; j}i0fj, ;f]dgfy l3ld/] Jof;sf
;+:d/0ffTds tyf JolQmTjsf kl/rfos /rgfx¿ oxfF ;ª\slnt 5g\ .
oLdWo] Pn cfuflggf, sdn bLlIft, /fx'n ;f+:s[Tofog, df]bgfy k|l>t / lzj
/]UdLsf ;+:d/0fx¿ ljz]if pNn]vgLo 5g\ . u|Gysf] cGtdf kl/lzi6 :j¿k
n]vssf] lrgf/L zLif{s lbP/ ;a} n]vs tyf ;flxTosf/x¿sf] ;ª\lIfKt
kl/rox¿ lbOPsf 5g\ / o;af6 s[ltsf/nfO{ lrGg cem ;xh ePs]f 5 .
zAbl;Gw' b]jsf]6f ztjflif{sL ljz]iff° l;·f] u|Gysf ¿kdf cfPs]f
5 . dxfslj nIdLk|;fb b]jsf]6fsf] ;flxlTos kl/j]z / pgsf sltko
sfnhoL s[lt tyf sljtfsf] ;dLIff–;dfn]frgf ul/Psf ljljw /rgfx¿
oxfF ;ª\slnt 5g\ . ;+:d/0fsf /dfOnf c'ge"lt klg 5g\ . /fx'n
;f+:s[Tofogn] b]jsf]6fsf] JolQmTjaf/]] eg]sf 5g\–æb]jsf]6f kGt–k|;fb–
lg/fnf tLg} x'g\, o;df cltzof]lQm 5}g . lg/fnfsf s]xL c? u'0f klg
pgdf 5g\ t/ Tolt dfqfdf rflxF xf]Og . lg/fnfnfO{ /fFrL n}hfg] s'/f dfq}
s}of}+ kN6 rNof] . ha b]jsf]6fnfO{ 3/sf dfG5]x¿n] ljlIfKt 7fg]/ /fFrL
n}h+ fg] s'/f p7fP, t/ pgn] slQ klg gfOFgfl:t u/]gg\, clg /fFrLsf]
kfunvfgfdf klg s]xL lbg a;]/ cfP, t/ pgL kfun rflxF xf]Ogg\ .
lgisif{df dxfsljsf sltko s[lt / JolQmTj tyf ;+:d/0fnfO{
;d]6/] tof/ kl/Psf] of] …zAbl;Gw'Ú ;dLIffIf]qsf] pNn]Vo pknlAw xf] .
tf;sGb jQmJo ;dfj]z x'gfn] klg klqsfsf] ul/df a9]sf] 5 . ;f]dgfy
l3ld/] Jof;sf] /rgf …;flxnf afh] d]/f ;DemgfdfÚ zLif{s ;+:d/0fdf Jof;n]
cf}ifwL ug{ ef= ?= %)).– lbPsf] ;Gbe{ klg pNn]vgLo 5 . pQm /sd g]kfn
;/sf/n] lt/]/ C0fdf]rg u/fOlbPsf] lyof] . o; vfnsf cGo ;+:d/0f klg
5g\ . o;/L ;dLIff ;+:d/0f / JolQmTjdf s]lGb|t …zAbl;Gw'Ú M dxfslj
b]jsf]6f ztjflif{sL ljz]iff°Ú g]kfnL ;flxTos]f ljlzi6 u|Gy x'g k'us ] f] 5 .
o; vfnsf] dfxŒjk"0f{ u|Gy tof/ u/]/ k|sfzgdf ;d]t NofOlbg] slj tyf
;flxlTos kqsf/ ofbj e§/fO{sf] ;dk{0fefjs]f ÅbotM k|z; + f ub{5' .
;/:jtL;]jfsf] of] ofqf lg/Gt/ sfod /xf];\ .
9
s] tkfO{+n]
zAbfy{ k|sfzgsf
zAbsf]zx? x]g{' ePsf] 5 ‡
22÷;dLIff–cª\s ;dLIff–cª\s÷ 23
j} h oGtL–!# j} h oGtL–!#
;+;f/ ul0ft}leq d]l6G5 ;adf ToxL
ltdL ul0ft s] k9\5f} qmd e]l6Gg Tof] ;xL .%.
nf}lssb]lv kf/nf}lss;Ddsf] oyfy{ slj cfqmf]zdf af]Nbf ;+;f/ g} lj/St 5 .
dfG5]sf] eF8j' f zlQm km}ln+bf jfSs–lbSs 5 .^.
7fs'/ zdf{ …e|dÚn] dfq afFrs ] f b]lvG5g\ hgtf ;a
s'/Llt TofUg'sf] ;§f cfkm} ?U0f / z"Go 5 .&.
ædnfO{ nfU5, cl:tTjsf] s0f–s0fdf sljTj wf/f 5 . vf]nfdf x]/, :jKg–pGdfbtf dfq lnG5 dflg; s]jn
;fu/df x]/, ;fFem–laxfg ;"od{ f x]/, rGb|df x]/, h·ndf x]/, ufpFdf x]/, dg z"Go lnO{ afFR5 ;kgfleq cNdn .*.
;x/df x]/, dfG5]df k|d] , efj, ljrf/, sfo{, clego, gf/L xf];\ jf k'?ifsf] l;gf]h:tf] eO{ afFRg' Joy{ hLjg aGb5
ToxfF sljt} sljtf 5Æ . of] sljtfTds egfO slj ljgos'df/ zdf{ k|d] df alnbfgL e} afFRg'df ;To–cy{ 5 .(.
g]kfnsf] xf] . ;+;f/sf ofjt\ lqmof–snfk ;a} sljtfdo 5g\ . ljgosf] r]tgf geP k|d] , k|d] s] c6\g ;S5 / <
efjgfn] ;+;f/} sljtfdo b]Vof] . nf}lss Jojxf/ dfq a'‰g ;s] klg of] k|d] ljZjf;df x'G5 kf/nf}lss ;f/ 5 .!).
a|Xdf08sf] s]xL c+z a'‰g ;lsGYof] ls eGg] efjgf ljgos]f ljgoLefjn] k|d] la5f]8df efj ;Ldf, aGwg 5g\ oxfF
b]vfpF5 . /Demd åf/sf] b]V5', b]V5' ltdL / d} hxfF .!!.
Ps lbg s'/} s'/fdf pxfFn] dnfO{ eGg'ef] …tkfO{n + ] nf}lssb]lv kf/ t'ngf gu/f}+ eGb} ;To g} k|f0f–tŒj xf]
nf}lss;DdÚ k9\ge' f] < If0fe/ t d 6f]nfPF . lsgls Tof] jfSof+zsf] cy{ g} pknlAw 5 cfkm}df ;Demf}tf x'g ;S5 Tof] .!@.
a[xt\ 5, h;n] nf}lss Jojxf/ g} a'em]sf] 5}g, To;n] kf/nf}lsssf s'/f s] e'Ng ;lsGg, b]lvG5 a;\ ddf lk|ob]jdf
a'‰g] < o:tf] nfUo]f . s]xL af]lng, af]Ng' g} Joy{ x'GYof] / kl5 cfpg] k|Zgn] st} cfXjfg e]l6G5 k|d] –cf:yf ;dfhdf .!#.
klg 8/fPsf] lyPF ls Û km]l/ ToxL k|Zg ug'e{ f]– lsg gaf]ns ] f] < d}n] eg]sf] …5Ú sf] < /x:o e]l6G5 :jefj hgleqsf]
d}n] Pp6f sljtfsf] lstfj kf7s;dIf NofPsf] 5', Tof] k9\ge' Ps]f 5}g eg] nf}lssL Jojxf/}df efjgf 5 ;'wf/sf] .!$.
x]g;{' \ g, d]/f] k|of; of] sljtf xf] ls xf]Og . lbg'ef], lnPF o;f] ToxL kN6fPF, jt'n { fs[lt e]f k|Zg k|tLIff x7sf s'/f
pSt s'/f pxfFsf] …v';S' s ÚzLif{sdf n]vs ] f] kfPF . ToxL af]nfOdf g} sljtf ;To gsfg{ sf] ;S5 cg'ejL 5 cfFs/' f .!%.
5, /dfOnf] nfUof], d k9\5' / k|ltlqmof lbpFnf eg]/ ToxfFaf6 pDs]F . 3/ :j¿k dgs]f x]5{' ;lqmotf lg/Gt/
NofP/ w]/} lbg;Dd yGSofPF . kl5 b]Vbf emNofF:; ePF / lems]/ k9\g yfn]F . ;'v–b'Mv ;a} a'‰bf k|d] sf] cy{ x'Gg / < .!^.
zAbfy{ k|sfzgåf/f @)^@ df k|sflzt u/]sf] of] k':tsleq k:bf crDd dgsf] km"n e]§fP :jKg–ofqf cgGt 5
nfUof] . …:jfy{Úaf6 k|f/De eP/ …l/SttfÚ;Dd k'Ubf %# zLif{ssf sljtfx¿ a'emfOleq kfOG5 oyfy{ ¿k lglZrt .!&.
*^ k[i7df c6fPsf /x]5g\ . o; ;+;f/df cfO;s]kl5 dflg;n] ;f]Rg], …dÚ k"0f{ tŒjsf] emNsf] qmflGt / l/Sttf klg
a]xf]g,{] OR5fsfª\Iff / :jfy{sf] cg'ej ub}{ cGTodf l/Q} cfPsf] l/Q} hfg] ;+;f/} leq b]lvG5 sljsf] ;Tj g} sxLF .!*.
s'/fnfO{ oyfy{¿kdf k|:t't ug'e{ Ps]f cg'ej u/]F . k|To]s sljtf zLif{snfO{ kf/nf}lss ;Gb]z nf}lssL Jojxf/df
cfwf/ agfP/ 5Gbdf k|:t't ug]{ k|of; u/]sf] 5'– b]lvg] u5{ lh1f;f dfG5]sf] kbrfkdf .!(.
dfG5]df cgluGtL 5g\ u'0ffju'0f aLr tL ljgoL efjgf NofpmF eGg] efj ;a}lt/
/f]Sg sl7g ef] :jfy{ …dÚ af6} hlGdof] /lt .!. k|d] d} el/Psf] 5 ;Dk"0f{ ;[li6 ;'Gb/ .@).
ljZjf;df ;a} ldN5 k|d] sf] ;f/ a'l‰bP sljsf] rfxgf x'G5 ;[li6sf] ;"Id–tŒjdf
;kgf To;leq} 5 afFRg'sf] cy{ cly{P .@. k'uF," k'¥ofpg] sfd u?F d ;a ;fydf .@!.
;a}sf] ¿k xf] Ps u/f}+ gfKg] ;w}e+ l/ :jfy{n] ufFlhPsf] 5 dfG5]sf] ;dj]bgf
jfb–jfbLx¿ ;f]R+ bf leGg x'Ggg\ s;} u/L .#. To;}df c8\lsg] u5{ ;flŒjsL sd{–;fwgf .@@.
Ps laGb' eP Hof]lt td of] x6\5 cflv/ ;dk{0f /x] efj ;[li6sf] ¿k v'Nb5
k|s[lt eG5 k|d] } xf] k|d] ;ª\sNkn] e/ .$. k/dfgGbsf] ;fy ;fwgf–k'ik km'Nb5 .@#.
24÷;dLIff–cª\s ;dLIff–cª\s÷ 25
j} h oGtL–!# j} h oGtL–!#
/fu, å]if lnO{ afFRg] dfG5]sf] x'Gg vflt/ laGb'e/ cx°f/n] ;dk{0f x/fpF5
g oxfF, g ToxfF x'G5 oyfy{ ld6\5 ;Tj/ .@$. s] oxL k/nf}lss k|d] sf] klg dfu{ xf] < ==========-k|d] eG5, k[i7 @&_
;hfpFm lhGbuL cfˆg} k|To]s JolQm–JolQmn] Ps ;f+“´
;lhG5 k"0f{ of] wtL{ cGtx[b{ o zlStn] .@%. au}r+ fsf] Ps u'nfkmn] dnfO{ tfGof]
;dtf v]fHgs} nflu nflukb{5 dflg; Tof] u'nfkm geP/ s'g} klg km"n x'g ;SYof]
;j{q e]6\g kfOG5 sljtf–tŒj ;fy{s .@^. ;xh} To;nfO{ lgofn]/ d lj:d[t ag]+
;dfhleqs} xfdL cfˆgf] g} xf] ;dfh of] df}gtfd} p;n] ;f]Wof] æhLjg sxfF 5==<Æ======================
h] k5{ o;d} k5{ sd{ v} Tof] ;'wf/sf] < .@&. 5]js } f] lxnf]df Eofu'tf] 6\jf/–6\jf/ s/fO/x]sf] lyof]
To;nfO{ b]Vb} d]/f] ult /f]lsof]
o;/L ljgos'df/ zdf{åf/f /lrPsf] nf}lssb]lv kf/nf}lss;Dd ckns To;n] dnfO{ 3'/\of] / ;f]Wof] æ;ª\uLt s] xf]==<Æ
-sljtf;ª\u|x_ sljsf] pn{b+ f] efjgfsf] cleJolSt xf] . dfG5] eP/ hGd]kl5 xfjfsf] ;';fx6\ / 6\jf/–6\jf/n] s'g} 5Gb /lr/x]sf] lyof]
oyfy{ ¿k a'‰g'k5{, k|d] g} oyfy{ xf], t/ gfªlug' k|d] sf] oyfy{¿k xf]Og, 5]pd} au]sf] kfgLsf] snsnn] Pp6f sljtf agfO/x]sf] lyof]
Ifl0fs j:t' / Ifl0fs cfgGbdf cfˆgf] cl:tTj u'dfPsf] 5 dflg;n] . To; dnfO{ vn{ªu} kf/\of]
lsl;dsf] a'emfOaf6 k/ x6L …dÚsf] cl:tTj a'‰g cfu|x ul/Psf] 5 . hLjg / ;ª\uLtdf
x'g] s'/fdfq x'G5 gx'g] s'/f of] ;[li6–a|Xdf08df x'Fb} x'Fbg} eGg] ;ª\uLt / sljtfdf s]xL t ;fdLKo 5==========
l;4fGt v8f ul/Psf] 5 . o; Oxnf}lss ;+;f/sf] nf}lss k|d] af6 cf/De hLjg;+“u df}gtf / z"Gotfsf] s]xL t tf/tDo 5
ePsf] sljtfsf] p8fgn] kf/nf}lss åf/af6 O{Zj/Lo zlQmsf] ljljw ¿kL ;ª\uLt / sljtfdf df}gtfsf] sxL“+ t ;]t' 5
emNsf];Dd x]g{ k'us ] f] 5, Ps cy{df eGg'kbf{ sljn] O{Zj/Lo zlQmsf] emNsf] v'6\6fn] Pp6f 9'ª\uf 5'“+bf – 3'/+]
kfP/, cg'et" eP/ kf7snfO{ lbPh:tf] nfU5 . k|To]s sljtf zLif{s;Fu} df}g, zfGt, lgd{n dfgf} p;df s'g} efj g} 5}g
sljtfn] af]Ng] lrq ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 . st} cfqmf]z, st} ljgd|tf, st} uxgtfdf p;n] ;f]Wof] æk|f0f sxfF 5==<Æ
cg'ej, st} cfXjfg JoSt ePs]f 5 eg] w]/h } ;f] sljtfdf k|d] sf] g} JofVof If0fe/ 56k6fPF
} f] ckl/xfo{ dfu{ xf] eGg] efjgf oxfF
u/]sf] kfOG5 . k|d] g} elQm / zlQm b'js ofjt\ ef}lts zf:q kN6fP“+
kfOG5 . k|d] sf] nt al;;s]kl5 k|d] nfO{ kf/nf}lss Wofg;/x agfP/ O{Zj/Lo o'uf}b+ l] vsf] cWofTdbz{gx¿ pN6fP“+
zlQm a'em\g jf k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] o;sf] dt /x]sf] b]lvG5 . ;a} sljtf hLjg;+“u df}gtf / z"Gotfsf] s]xL t tf/tDo 5
;/n z}nLdf cleJoSt 5g\ . o; ;ª\u|xleqsf sljtf s:tf 5g\ eGg] 9'ª\ufleqsf c0f'–c0f' d]/f ;fd' rndnfP
;Gbe{df uB z}nLdf n]lvPsf sljtfsf] ljifoj:t' oxL ;dfh / hLjg k|f0f d]/} ;fd' dnfO{ xl//x]sf] lyof] -5 sf] ‡ k[i7 %(_
bz{g xf], b]v–] ef]us] f] efjgfTds cg'el" t xf] . h:t}– t/ ltd|f] dgsf] km"n slxn] km'N5===<
hLjgb]lv lj/St ag]sf / d]/f] dgdf a;]/ slxn] d':s'/fp“5===<
d[To'bl] v lbSs ePsf dgeGbf pj{/ e"ld 5}g km"n km'Ngsf]nflu -dgsf]km"n, k[i7 &*_
:ju{ / g/ss]f syfdf e'tS' s ePsf Pp6f cGtxLg o'4
oL b'j} 5}g egL s'ln{Psf Pp6f cGtxLg qmflGt
cfˆgf] / csf{sf] ef}ltstf / cl:tTj dg / cfTdfaLrsf]
:jLsf/ ug{ g;Sg] g rfxg] rln/xG5,rln/x]5===================
cx°f/ jf xLgtfn] v'Dr]sf ofjt\ kfv08L af]wsf] nflu s'g} u'?,s'g} lzIffno,
gfgf ljlw ¿ksf / :j¿ksf s'g} 1fg,kb,zlQm,rflxGg
cg'xf/df d'vf}6f] n]ks ] f dfG5] jf af]wsf] nflu s'g} Wofg, of]u, tk,
/fF8–efF8–;fF9x¿b]lv ;fjwfg ========== -/fF8 efF8 ;fF9, k[i7 @)_ sLt{g, k"hf, k|rf/ rflxGg
=========nf}lss k|d] df o:tf] zAb ;To 7flgG5 af]w laGb'e/ ltd|f] r]tgf
lsgls ;dk{0f k|d] sf] klxnf] l;+9L xf] af]w laGb'e/ ltd|f] efjgf
26÷;dLIff–cª\s ;dLIff–cª\s÷ 27
j} h oGtL–!# j} h oGtL–!#
af]w laGb'e/ ltd|f] w}od{ f x'G5
OR5fdfq x'gk' 5{ ltdLdf kl/j]zleqsf kL8fx¿df kxf/L
af]w :jo+af6 :jo+df k|s6 x'G5 . -qmflGt, k[i7 *%_ l8NnL/fh co{fn
t/ d]/f] cflTds cg'el" tdf Pp6f ´Nsf] a;]sf] 5
h'g cgGttfaf6 ædÆ vl08t eof], Toxf“ kSs} k"0f{tf 5 kf]v/fyf]s @ -cd/fO{_ kfNkfdf hGd]sf s[i0f kxf/L ToxL ;]/f]km]/f]af6}
ef]u, of]u, tk cyf{t\ uhnsf/sf ¿kdf b]vfk/]sf x'g\ . uhn n]vgsf] k|f/Deb]lv g} ;fdflhs
hLjg, k|of]u, Wofgaf6 cfkm"nfO{ vf]Hg] ceLK;fn] ljs[lt / lj;ËltnfO{ k|xf/sf] d'Vo ljifo agfpFb} cfPsf kxf/L… …kl/j]zleqsf
tÎj cyf{t\ ædÆ slDkt eof], ljrlnt eof] kL8fx¿Æsf dfWodaf6 d'Qms n]vgdf ;d]t b]vf k/]sf 5g\ . ;flxTo;Ëd
sDkgleq ´Nsf] 5 / ´Nsf]leq Tof] lj/f6tf kfNkf k|sfzs /x]sf] of] k':ts kxf/Lsf] bf];|f] k':tfsfsf/ s[lt xf] .
h'g kfpg /fd, s[i0f, a'4, qmfO{:6, d'xDdb, dxfjL/ k];fn] :jf:YosdL{ eP/ klg Jojxf/n] ;~rf/sdL{, ;flxTosdL{;d]t
h:tf cg]s tÎjn] k|of; u/] /x]sf kxf/L zf/Ll/s / ;fdflhs b'j} cj:yfsf] Vofn u5{g\ / pkrf/df
To;}n] d]/f] cfGtl/s cg'el" tdf nfU5g\ . k|:t't d'Qms;ª\u|x To;}sf] Pp6f pbfx/0f xf] .
Pp6f ´Nsf] a;]sf] 5 g]kfnL ;flxTodf d'Qms n]vgsf] k/Dk/f nfdf] 5 / w]/s } f] ;+nUgtf
/ Toxf“ kSs} ædÆ k"0f{ 5 . -emNsf], k[i7 *$_ klg 5, t/ k|sflzt ;ª\u|x TolQ w]/} x'g ;s]sf 5}gg\ . tLdWo] klg k|d] sf],
Pp6f cflTds ofqfsf] af6f] of}jgsf], zf/Ll/s ;'Gb/tfsf] cf8df /lrPsf, PsfsL cfgGb lngsf
k|d] sf] af6f] nflu, jfxjfxLsf nflu n]lvPsf, /lrPsfsf] afx'No 5 . o:tf] kl/j]zdf
nf]sb]lv k/nf]s;Ddsf] ofqf b]z, ;dfh / hgtfsf oyfy{ cj:yf, ltgn] ef]Ug'k/]sf kL8f, Joyf, u/LaL,
;"Id, ;/n / ;xh tŒj, cfFvf aGb u/]/
dw'/ d':sfg 5f8]/ xToflx+;fsf sxfnLnfUbf 36gf, ;Ldf ldlrPsf, cGofo cTofrf/af6
lbG5'===== Pp6f km"n====== Hof]ltk'~h===============-l/Sttf k[i7 *^_ kLl8t hgtfsf dd{ klxNofpFb} n]lvPsf d'Qms / ltgsf ;ª\u|x emg} sd
9 5g\ . kxf/Lsf d'Qmsdf o:t} ljifoj:t' / kl/j]z kfOG5 . ;dfhsf] oyfy{
5foflrq b]lvg] n]vg kxf/Lsf n]vgdf kfOg] ljz]iftf xf], :jfefljstf xf] .
/rgfsf d'Vo b'O{ kIf b]lvG5g\ — kL8faf]wsf] cg'el" taf6 n]lvg] /
tfnL kfpg] rfxgfaf6 n]lvg] . ltgsf] klxrfg gx'bF f;Dd /rgf / /rgfsf/sf]
c;Dej s'g} 5}g /fd|} oTg eof] eg] d"No yfxf kfpg ;lsGg . ;dfhdf ljleGg k|sf/sf /fhgLltsdL{, /ËsdL{,
;flxTosdL{ ePh:t} ltgsf gLlt, Jojxf/ / rl/q klg km/skm/s x'G5g\ .
dfG5]n] rGb|df 6]S5 a'l4 ;fx; ef] eg] To:t} u/L /rgfsf/sf /rgfdf klg ljljwtf x'G5 . klxrfg gx'Fbf;Dd ;a} Ps}
x'G5g\, p:t} nfU5g\ . klxrfgkl5 aNn ltgsf] sf]l6 lgw{f/0f x'g ;S5 .
kxf/Lsf /rgfn] hgtf;Fusf] lgs6tf, ltgsf ;'vb'vk|ltsf] rf;f],
cfˆgf] cl:tTj cfkm}nF ] ;bf k5{ arfpg unt ljifoj:t'k|ltsf] wf/0ff /fd|/L :ki6 kf/]sf 5g\ / cGtd{gsf] efjgf
anf];\ jf ganf];\ cfuf] ;lsFbg} ;dfOg .
k|s6 u/]sf 5g\ . kxf/Lsf /rgf rfx] km'6s/ x'g\, rfx] ;ª\u|x, uhn x'g\
jf sljtf, d'Qms x'g\ jf c? s]xL of}jgsf] pR5[ª\vntf, dbdQtf,
5f8fjfb, cTofw'lgs k|]dsf] gf6sLo k|bz{g / tbg'¿ksf efje"ldaf6
pksf/L ;w}F h'65\ g\ k|fy{gf gu/] klg
k[ys\ /x]sf b]lvG5g\ . l56f] 5l/tf]kg, ;/ntf, ;xof]u / lj/f]wsf] laGb'
klxrfg ub}{ k|:t't x'g' pgsf n]vgsf / Jojxf/sf k|jl[Q b]lvG5g\ . pgsf
al;{b} c?sf nflu 3'Db5g\ d]3 kmGkmgL . /rgfdf ljrf/ / efjgfsf] k|r/" k|ltljDa kfOG5 .
–gLltljrf/af6
5f]6f, wfl/nf / lvl/nf pgsf /rgfx¿ ;dfhsf] oyfy{ l6Kg,
ljj]rgf ug{ / ;xhtf;fy JolQmg vf]H5g\, lgeL{stf;fy k|:t't x'G5g\ /
28÷;dLIff–cª\s
j} h oGtL–!#
Joª\Uo, pkb]z / cfb]zsf] dfWod ckgfpF5g\ . vf; u/L pgsf] n]vgdf
leGgleGg dfgjk|jl[Q / k|s[ltsf] ;+of]hg ePsf] b]lvG5 .
ljrf/ / snfsf] ;+of]hgdf k|of;/t /xFb} n]vgnfO{ lg/Gt/tf
lbO/x]sf kxf/Ln] b]zsf] kl/j]znfO{ cGtd{gaf6} x]g{] / To;nfO{ cfTd;ft\
ug]{ sf]l;; u/]sf 5g\ . To;}n] klg pgsf] n]vg åGå, cu|udg, k|ltudg,
;Ldfljjfb, dxFuL, c;'/Iff, ckx/0f, n'6, anfTsf/, :jfy{, ljrng, ljv08g,
hftLo, If]qLo, eflifs, nl}Ëstf cflb cfjZos–cgfjZos s'/fsf] aofg,
ljj]rgdf s]l] Gb|t 5 / cfh xfd|f] ;dfhsf] 3/3/–6f]n6f]ndf log} s'/fdf
s]lGb|t ax; rn]sf 5g\, h;sf] k|efj htf;'s,} h'g;'s} If]qdf k/]sf]] 5 .
/fhgLltsf] d"n r'/f] dfq ;Qfk|flKt ePsf] cg'el" t 5 / u'gf;f] 5 hgtfsf] .
kxf/L klg of] u'gf;f]df w]/y
} f]/} ;fd]n 5g\, /rgfx¿n] o:t} b]vfpF5g\ .
kxf/Lsf d'Qms ;+/rgfsf lx;fan] rf/ kfpsf b]lvG5g\ t/ klg
a'gf]6df uhn k|efljt 5g\ . pgsf w]/}h;f] d'Qmsdf, uhndf kfOg]
sflkmofs} xf/fxf/Lsf zAb–;+of]hg ePsfn] d'Qmsdf uhnsf] 5fk b]Vg jf
a'‰g ;lsG5 . k|:t't 5g\ s]xL pbfx/0f—
cfkm}nfO{ of] lhGbuL hx/ eof] cfh
;Demgfn] t8\kfpFbf sx/ eof] cfh . k[= #
cfk;df cem} klg kmf6f] afFsL g} 5
g;'s/] /utsf] 6f6f] afFsL g} 5 . k[= #(
u/Lasf] 5ftLdfly l;of] /f]ks ] } 5g\
d'6l' eq r:sfpg] lkmof] /f]ks] } 5g\ . k[= $!
ljwjfsf] l;Gb'/, kf]t,] r'/f vf]lh/fÚ5'
nf]stGq s:tf] x'G5 k"/f vf]lh/fÚ5' . k[= $!
/f]P/ d a:bfv]l/ xfFl;lbP x'G5 ltdL
;hfpg k|d] sf] dfnf ufFl;lbP x'G5 ltdL . k[= $%
ufpF p:t} 7fpF p:t} kfvf p:t} p:t}
emfd|] 3f6" ;f]/7Lsf] efsf p:t} p:t} . k[= %!
oL t k|of]usf s]xL pbfx/0f dfq x'g\ . d'QmsnfO{ uhns} glhs
k'¥ofPsf o:tf kª\lQm ;ª\ux| leq k|z:t} e]l6G5g\ . kxf/Lsf uhndf gf/Lsf
ljljw :j¿k 5g\ . k|ultsf lglDt hfu[t eP/ p7\g cfXjfg ul/Psf gf/L,
k|d] k|;Ësf z[Ëf/df ;lhPsf gf/L, ;xgzLnf / kL/Joyf af]ss ] f gf/Lx¿
vf; u/L pgL Psflt/ –
lgbfpg] a]nf 5}g h'6 gf/Lx¿,
ufpFaf6} d;fn af]sL 5'6 gf/Lx¿ . k[= @$
gf/Lx¿nfO{ ;'¥ofpFb} eGb5g\ eg] csf{lt/– qmLd kfp8/ nfP klg
sfnL b]lvg yfn] . k[=!( eGb} ¿kj0f{gsf cfwf/df xNsf Joª\Uodf klg
pq]sf 5g\ . To;} u/L — wGo wGo wtL{ agL tU5g\ :jf:gL dfG5] . k[=## df
pgL gf/Lsf] ;xgzLntfsf] kIfnfO{ p7fpFb} x'G5g\ eg]— kL/ Joyfx¿ ;w}F
;'G5g\ gf/Lx¿ . k[= #$ df pgLx¿sf] kL8faf]w ug{ tlD;Psf e]l6G5g\ kxf/Lsf]
;dLIff–cª\s÷ 29
j} h oGtL–!#
n]vgdf g]kfnLkgk|ltsf] emNsf] kfOG5 . pgL g]kfnLsf ufpF7fpF, k/Dk/f /
;+:s[ltsf] ;Demgf u5{g\, cfkmGtsf af/]df ;f]wk'5 u5{g\ .
tNnf 3/] h]7f] dfOnf] afpsf] xfnva/ . k[=!) cfˆg} ufpFsf] cfF6f]kL7f]
vfpmg\ g]kfnLn] . -k[=#&_ kfvfel/ nfn'kft] km'ln/xf];\ ;w}F . -k[=%)_ d:of}/f
/ l;GsL tfdf cfF6f] la;]5 { ls < -k[=$*_ h:tf d'Qms pbfx/0fsf ¿kdf
b]vf k/]sf 5g\ . pgsf d'Qmsdf o:tf ljifoj:t'sf] k|:t'lt cnUu} z}nLsf
¿kdf b]vf k/]sf 5g\ . o;f] eP/ klg 5'jf5't, e]befjsf lj/f]wdf, b]zsf]
pGglt–k|ultsf ljifodf, ;ª\3if{ / zflGtsf kIfdf af]Ng vf]hs ] f 5g\ .
cem} klg 7"nf] ;fgf] e]b x6\of 5}g
u/La / ;fdGtLsf] lje]b x6\of 5}g . k[= @)
hfltkftL 5'jf5'tsf s'/f] x6\of 5}g
cjz]if afFsL g} 5 k"/f x6\of 5}g . k[=@!
u/La wgL aLrsf] /f]n rfF8} x6fg'k5{ . k[=@*
/fi6«kl| t ;r]t kxf/Lsf] n]vgsf] Pp6f kIf /fli6«o lrGtg klg xf] .
oxfF o;sf] k|efj klg b]lvG5 . b]zsf] nflu ca ;':tfpg] a]nf 5}g . -k[=!#_,
cftª\sdf dfG5]x¿ dg{ yfn]kl5 Ps};fy kxf8 / dw]z b'Vg'k5{ . -k[=!*_,
cfˆg} b]zsf] elQm uLt ufpmg\ g]kfnLn] . -k[=#&_, hGd e"ld lrgfpg] 7fd
n]Vg'xf]nf . -k[=$$_ cflb d'Qms o;sf pbfx/0f ag]sf 5g\ . kxf/L u'gf;f]
u5{g\, va/bf/L u5{g\ / r'gf}tLsf efiff af]N5g\ . oL ;a}sf dfWod ag]sf
5g\ k|:t't d'Qmsx¿ .
;dLIffdf klg ;dy{g / lj/f]wsf :j/x¿, cleJoQm ug]{ tl/sf /
dfWodx¿, kIf–ljkIfdf n]lvg] / ;txd} b]lvg] u/] klg n]vg Tolt ;xh
sfd xf]Og . of] k"0f{tf kfpg ;lsg] ljifo klg xf]Og . dfqfTds ¿kdf km/s eP
klg ;a}sf cfcfˆgf sdhf]/ / ;an kIf x'G5g\ . kxf/L klg ckjfbdf
kb}g{ g\ . zAb;+of]hgdf, eflifs k|of]udf, Jofs/0fut dfGotfdf Wofg k'Ug
;s]sf] 5}g . To;s} kl/0ffd xf]nf— @, !$, #!, #&, $@, %), %@, cflb
k[i7x¿df zAbut, jfSout / cy{ut q'l6x¿ k|z:t} e]l6G5g\ .
pgsf /rgfn], Jojxf/n] pgL cln ctfl:;Psf] xf] jf l56f] 5l/tf]
vf]hs ] f] a'‰g d'l:sn x'G5 . l56f] 5l/tf] xf] eg] t /fd|} xf] t/ dfq cTofx6
xf] eg] To;df kl/jt{g x'g' /fd|} x'G5 . x'g t cTofx6sf] sf/0f b]zsf]
b'bz{ f, hgtfsf] kL/, Joyf / g]tfx¿sf] rfnf klg x'g;S5, t/ klg uDeL/tfsf]
Pp6f kf6f]nfO{ ;dft]/ klg s]xL ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] s'/fnfO{ eg] n]vsn]
gla;{g' >]o:s/ x'G5 . o;nfO{ a'‰g' / snd rnfpg' /rgfsf/sf] bfloTj
xf] . d'Qmssf/ kxf/Lsf] n]vgn] kl/is[t aGb} hfg] qmddf o;nfO{ ;xh¿kdf
cËLsf/ ug{ ;Sg] ck]Iff ug{ ;lsG5 .
9
30÷;dLIff–cª\s
j} h oGtL–!#
tLy{ clwsf/Lsf] ;kgfdf x/fPsf] ljkgf
wg/fh e§/fO{
lktf Psgfy clwsf/L / dftf aflnsfb]jL clwsf/L ;Gtfgsf] ¿kdf
?;k'/ # nK;Laf]6, uf]/vf lhNnfdf @)!$ j}zfv $ ut] hlGdPsf tLy{/fh
clwsf/Ln] :gftsf]Q/;Ddsf] cWoog k"/f u/]sf 5g\ . k|fWofkg sfo{df
;dlk{t /xL ljleGg ;flxlTos l;h{g sd{df ;ls|o clwsf/L ljleGg :s'n
tyf sn]hdf k|fWofkg/t 5g\ . lzIf0fsd{ / k|fWofkgsd{sf] cltl/Qm
ljleGg ;ª\3–;+:yfdf ;ls|o ;+nUgtf /fVg] slj clwsf/L ljleGg k':ts
tyf kqklqsfsf] ;Dkfbg sfo{;d]t ul//x]sf 5g\ . lg/Gt/ ¿kdf ;flxTo
l;h{gsd{df nflu /xFbf slj clwsf/L ljleGg k'/:sf/ tyf ;Ddfgx¿ ;d]t
k|fKt u/]sf 5g\ . d"ntM g]kfnL ;flxlTos, If]qdf / o;df klg vf; u/L
g]kfnL sljtfsf kmfF6df nfdf] ;dob]lv nflu k/]sf slj clwsf/Lsf] …s]xL
slj s]xL sljtfÚ s[lt o;clw g} k|sflzt eO;s]sf] 5 . ;flxlTos If]qdf
:yflkt kq–klqsfx¿df cfˆgf s}og km'6s/ sljtf /rgf k|sflzt u/L
g]kfnL sfJo hut\df k|l;l4 sdfO;s]sf clwsf/L kl5Nnf] k6s ;ª\u|xsf
¿kdf k|sflzt sfJos[lt xf]– …;kgfdf x/fPs]f ljkgfÚ .
JolQmsf] ;a}eGbf dxŒjk"0f{ / ;zQm ;fwg efiff xf] . oxL efiffsf
dfWodaf6} ;flxTos]f l;h{gf ul/G5 . d"ntM cleJolQmsf qmddf x'g] eflifs
ljt/0fs} cfwf/df ;flxTonfO{ uB / kB u/L b'O{ d'Vo efudf afFl8G5 .
;flxTosf uB / kB b'j} k|jflxt efiffdf cjZo} klg s]xL g s]xL leGgtf
/x]sf] x'G5 . z'4 uBdf efiffsf] :y"n / Go"g nofTds ¿ksf] k|of]u ul/G5
eg] kBdf rflxF efiffsf] ;"Id / nofTds ¿ksf] k|of]u ul/G5 eg] kBdf
k|oQ' m efiff qmda4¿kn] x'G5 eg] kBdf k|oQ' m efiff k|foM ljrngo'Qm
9ª\un] k|jflxt x'g] ub{5 hxfF ljzi6 cleJolQm / ljrngo'Qm eflifs
k|o]funfO{ ;RofOG5 . o; cGtu{t 5Gbf]a4 jf 5Gbo'Qm ¿kdf /lrt
dxfsfJo, v08sfJo, km'6s/ sljtf cflb kb{5g\ . 5Gbf]a4 sljtfnfO{ g}
k|efjzfnL eflifs ljGof;sf ¿kdf /lrPsf] x'G5 . hxfF no pTkfbg ug]{
sfo{ d'VotM To;sf] 5Gb, cnª\sf/ cflbn] 5Gbsf] ;Gbe{df lgofNbf
g]kfnL efiffdf sljtf n]vgsf nout 9fFrfx¿dWo] zf:qLo no ;+:s[t
k/Dk/faf6 g]kfnL lelqPsf] Pp6f 9fFrf xf] . zf:qLo nonfO{ j0f{dflqs /
dflqs 5Gbsf cg]s e]bx¿n] hLjGt t'NofO/x]sf 5g\ . ;+:s[t efiffdf
hlt 5Gb tyf nox¿ 5g\ . tL ;a}sf] k|of]u g]kfnLdf x'g ;s]sf] b]lvFbg} .
o; qmddf 5Gb k|of]usf] P]ltxfl;s ;Gbe{tkm{ 3f]l/g] xf] eg] pbofgGb
cof{n, efg'eQm cfrfo{ cflbn] ;+:s[tsf 5Gb tyf nonfO{ g]kfnL hglha|fd] f
leœofpg] :t'To sfo{ u/], h;nfO{ u|x0f ub}{ yk ;xh, :jfefljs lsl;daf6
;dLIff–cª\s÷ 31
j} h oGtL–!#
sfJolzNkdf 9fNg] sfo{df n]vgfy, b]jsf]6f, l;l4r/0f cflb ;|i6fx¿n]
dxŒjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x u/] . cfh ;+:s[t k/Dk/fsf] zf:qLo 5Gbsf ljljw
e]bx¿ g]kfnL efiffdf k|oQ' m eO/x]sf 5g\ . slj–sjloqLx¿n] :km'6 sljtf,
v08sfJo, dxfsfJo n]vgsf] cfwf/ zf:qLo 5GbnfO{ agfpFb} cfPsf 5g\ .
g]kfnL sljtf n]vgtkm{ kms]/{ lgofNbf d"ntM g]kfnL sljtf n]vg
k/Dk/f :jR5Gb clg ljljwtfdo 5 . h'g pTsif{tkm{sf] ofqfdf lg/Gt/
k|j[Q klg 5 . o; kl/k|I] odf zf:qLo 5GbnfO{ g} cfˆgf] d'Vo klxrfg tyf
sljtf;fwgfsf] d"n dfWod agfP/ lgs} nfdf] ;dob]lv sljtf n]vgdf
;ls|o /x]sf slj tLy{/fh clwsf/L g]kfnL sljtf–kmfF6df Pp6f k[ys\
klxrfgsf ;fy b]lvPsf 5g\ . l;h{gfTds r]tn] c]ftk|ft] eO{ sljtfl;h{g
sd{af6 g} cfhsf] o'unfO{ ljlzi6tf k|bfg ug]{ ;h{s slj clwsf/L
kl5Nn]f ;dodf …;kgfdf x/fPsf] ljkgfÚ zLif{ssf] 5Gb sljtf;ª\u|x
lnP/ xfdLdfem b]lvPsf 5g\ .
sljtfsf] Oltxf;tkm{ lgofNbf g]kfnL sljtfsf] Oltxf;df o;n]
kfPs]f ;+:sf/ / o;sf] gfd ufl;Psf] ;|ft] w]/} nfdf] / w]/} k|frLg 5 .
CUj]b xfd|f] ;Dkbfn] kfPsf] ;j{k|frLg sljtf xf] h;df /x]sf sljtfx¿
;a} 5Gbdf g} cfl>t 5g\ . To;}n] t j]bx¿ dfq xf]Og jfª\dosf] ;d:t
;Dkbf g} 5Gbsf] ;'/Iffsjrleq hLljt /x]sf] xfdL kfpF5f}F . To;}n] g]kfnL
sljtfn] 5Gbsf] s;/t ug{k' /]g . hGdhft g} 5Gbf]a4 sljtf cfOlbP .
cem o;f] egf}+ oyfy{df 5Gb g]kfnLn] ;+:sf/sf ¿kdf kfPsf] lyof] . To;}n]
ufpFufpF / a:tLa:tLleq 5Gb ;xh} k:of] xfdLsxfF / Tof] n]fsdf leh]/
a:of] klg . cfh nf]s eGHofª / rf}tf/Ldf ufpg] nf]sefsf, j]b / /fdfo0f
x'Fb} a9\b} cfPs]f 5Gbsf] nonfO{ g]kfnL hgdfg;n] Tolt cGt/ ub}g{ .
oyfy{df 5Gb jf no g]kfnL hgdfg;sf] df}lns /fu alg;s]sf] 5 tyflk
g]kfnL sfJoIf]qdf 5Gbdf sljtf /Rg] sljx¿sf] Ps k|sf/n] v8]/L g}
k/]sf] l:ylt 5 . cfw'lgstf / pQ/ cfw'lgstfsf gfddf ;of}+ sljtf
lbgfg'lbg k|sflzt eO{ g} /x]sf x'g\ t/ tL clwsf+ztM 5Gbdf b]lvFbg} .
o:tf] cefj} cefjsf] ;dfodf k"0f{tM 5GbnfO{ cjnDag ub}{ lg/Gt/ sfJo
;fwgfdf ;dlk{t slj clwsf/Lsf] sfJo;ª\u|x …;kgfdf x/fPs]f ljkgfÚ
:jfutof]Uo pTs[i6 5Gbsljtf ;ª\u|xsf ¿kdf xfdLdfem pbfPsf] 5 .
o;/L sflJos l;h{g wd{sf b[li6n] lgofNbf ;a}h;f] 5Gbdf ;xh,
;/n / ;Dk|i] o sljtfsf] /rgf ug{ ;Sg] slj tLy{ clwsf/L 5Gbsf dd{1
x'g\ . o;}n] t cfhsf] ;dfhdf Psflt/ 5Gbk|lt /x]sf] g]kfnL hgdfg;sf]
cfsif{0f / csf{lt/ 5GbnfO{ g} afws 7fGg]x¿df aLrdf /x]/ 5Gb aGwg jf
sljtfsf] cj/f]ws x}g x}, a? of] t xfd|f] /fufTds cleJolQmsf] bl/nf]
cfwf/ xf] eGg] kf7 l;sfpg slj clwsf/L lgs} ;'/f] ag]/ b]vf k/]sf 5g\ .
k|:t't ;dfn]frsLo s[lt o;}sf] gd'gf x]f eGg ;lsG5 hxfF sljn] cg'i6'k\,
dGbfs|fGtf, zfb"n
{ ljs|Ll8t, pkhflt, j+z:y, j;Gtltnsf, lzvl/0fL cflb
5Gbx¿sf] pkof]u u/L ;/n clg ;/; sfJosf] /rgf u/]sf 5g\ .
32÷;dLIff–cª\s
j} h oGtL–!#
k|:t't ;dfn]frsLo s[lt ;kgfdf x/fPsf] ljkgfleq hDdf ;}tF L;j6f
sljtfx¿ ;d]l6Psf 5g\ . oL sljtfx¿ ljljw zf:qLo j0f{dflqs 5Gbnodf
;[lht 5 . o; ;ª\u|xdf /x]sf sljtfnfO{ PsPs u/]/ lgofNbf cg'i6'k\
5Gbsf @# j6f dGbfqmfGtf 5Gbsf $ j6f, zfb"n { ljs|Ll8t 5Gbsf # j6f
pkhflt 5Gbsf # j6f j+z:y, j;Gtltnsf / lzvl/0fL 5Gbsf !–! j6f
u/L #^ j6f sljtf / dGbfqmfGtf / zfb"n { ljqmLl8t 5Gb ldl>t Pp6f
sljtf u/L hDdf #& j6f sljtfx¿ /x]sf 5g\ . oL sljtfx¿dWo] b'Oj{ 6f
5Gb ld;fP/ …dfnLx¿Ú zLif{ssf] Pp6f sljtf /lrPsf] 5 eg] cGo afFsL
sljtfx¿df eg] Ps–Ps 5Gbsf] dfq k|of]u ul/Psf] 5 . h] xf];\ ;ft–
;ftj6f zf:qLo 5Gbno k|of]u ul/Psf] k|:t't sljtf;ª\u|xnfO{ ulxl/P/
lgofNbf logdf cg'i6'k\ 5Gbs} ax'ntf /x]sf] e]l6G5 . oxfF ;d]l6Psf]
sljtfx¿sf] ;+/rgfut kIfnfO{ x]bf{ rf/b]lv pGgfO; Znf]s;Ddsf]
sljtfx¿sf] ;+/rgfut cj:yf eg] pko'Qm g} b]vfk5{ . logdf nfdf–5f]6f
b'j} vfn] no 5Gbs]f k|of]u ePsf] 5 . h] xf];\ 5Gbsf k|of]usf b[li6n]
;dfn]frsLo k|:t't sfJos[ltsf sljtfx¿ :jLsfo{ 5g\ eg] efj tyf
ljifoj:t'ut ¿kdf ;d]t l;h{gsd{df Ps ;lqmo, ;zQm / hLjGt sljtf
/rgf ug]{ ;kmn slj x'g\ eGbf cTo'lQm g7xnf{ .
tLy{/fh clwsf/L dfq sljtf n]Vb}gg\ pgL sljtf n]vgdf lgs}
g} ;r]t 5g\ . n]vgLo ;r]ttfaf6 ;[lht ePsf o; ;ª\u|xsf sljtfx¿
ljleGg kq–klqsfdf k|sflzt eO;s]sf x'g\ . o; ;ª\u|xsf sljtfx¿n]
u|x0f u/]sf efjn] logs]f pTs[i6tf kf7sju{df /fd|; } Fu b;f{pF5g\ .
o; ;ª\u|xleq ;d]l6Psf sljtfx¿nfO{ cem ;"Id¿kdf lgofNbf
slj clwsf/Ln] z/b\Ct'sf] jf:tljstfnfO{ ljleGg k|tLs / laDax¿åf/f
rrf{ u/]/sf 5g\ . hxfF slj Pp6f Ct'sf] dfq jofg gu/L dfq To;nfO{
dfWod agfpF5g\ / /fi6«rt] gf tyf /fi6«efjaf6 kf7snfO{ cfsif{0f ug{
k'U5g\ . …z/b\sf l;h{gfx¿Ú egL zLif{snfO{ g} af]nfpg] k|of; u/]/ /flvPsf]
o; ;ª\u|xsf] k|yd sljtf k9\b} kf7s sljsf] ;[hgsd{ / pgsf] cfsif{0f
5Gbof]hgfaf6 lgs6 aGg k'U5 . o;} u/L slj cfkm"eGbf cu|hx¿sf]
;Ddfg k|s6 ub}{ tyf /fi6«lgdf{0fdf dxÎjk"0f{ of]ubfg k'¥ofPsf jL/x¿k|lt
>4f ;'dg cleJoQm ub}{ …;lxbÚ, …jf0fLk'qÚ …jL/k|ltÚh:tf pTs[i6 sljtfsf]
/rgf ug{ k'Ub5g\ . hxfF pgn] l;ª\uf] g]kfnL ;flxTosf] hu a;fNb}
ljZj;fd' g]kfnL ;flxTosf] klxrfg u/fpg] dxfsljk|lt ;dlk{t x'Fb} …jf0fLk'qÚ
sljtfsf] /rgf u/]sf 5g\ . o;} u/L /fi6«lgdf0f{df cfkm"nfO{ la;}/{ /fi6«–
/fli6«otf g} ;j];{ jf{ xf] egL hLjgf]T;u{ ug{ ;b}j tDtof/ /xg]–/x]sf jL/
x¿sf] ;fx;, zf}o{ / pRrtfsf] sb/ ub}{ sljn] …jL/k|ltÚ sljtfsf] /rgf
u/]sf 5g\ .
o;/L slj clwsf/Lsf o; ;ª\u|xdf ;d]l6Psf k|To]s sljtf s'g}
g s'g} p2]Zosf ;fy /rgf ul/Psf clg tL sljtfx¿ ;+/rgfb]lv efj kIf
cflb ;a} b[li6af6 sljn] rfx]sf] nIodf k'¥ofP/} 5f8]sf 5g\ . ;ª\u|xsf
;dLIff–cª\s÷ 33
j} h oGtL–!#
yk sljtfx¿nfO{ lgofNbf pgL cfˆgf] b]z, cu|hx¿, jL/x¿nfO{ ;DemFb}
ltgsf] ;Demgf ub}{ cfˆgf] hGde"ld klg ;Demg k'U5g\, hxfF pgn] cfkm"
hGd]sf] 7fpF tyf cfˆgf] hGdynf]sf] k|fs[lts ;f}Gbo{sf] a8f] dgf]/d j0f{g
u/]sf 5g\–
k|eft v'Nbf /ljsf snf;Fu} ÷ v'n/] cfFvf dg k'U5 z}nd} .
u'/fF; /ª\uLg d'xf/ d[lQsf ÷ 5 ;fg ;f}Gbo{ ;'uGw jfl6sf .
o;/L slj cfˆgf] b]z, ;dfh / cfkm" hGd]sf] ufpFnfO{;d]t ;DeFmb}
ToxfFsf] oyfl:yltsf] a8f] ;'Gb/ 9ª\un] lrq0f ug{ k'U5g\ .
o;} u/L slj clwsf/Lsf sljtfx¿df dflg;n] lng'kg]{ ;'ljrf/x¿,
;'sd{ tyf ;'dfu{x¿sf] ;xh lrq0f u/]sf 5g\ eg] pgn] sljtfs} dfWodaf6
cflTds lrGtg tyf hLjgsf] jf:tljstf af]w u/fO{ ;du| hLjgs} klg
dfld{s lrq0f u/]sf 5g\ . sljtfd} pgn] jL/ cf/f]xLx¿sf] jL/tfsf] sb/
ub}{ pgLx¿sf] zf}o{ / ;fx;sf] /fd|f] lrq0f u/]sf 5g\ pgL jL/x¿n] cfˆgf]
;kgfx¿nfO{ k"/f ug{, b[9tf k"/f ug{, cf/f]xLsf] dgl:ylt s:tf] x'g' k' 5{
eGg] s'/fsf] ;'Gb/ lrq0f u/]sf 5g\–
;kgf l;h{gf dL7f] lbndf 6fFl;Pkl5 .
cj/f]xx¿ uN5g\ b[9tf Jo'FlemPkl5 ..
s'g} ;ª\u|fdsf] v]nljgf aGb}g lhGbuL .
cf/f]xL p7\g ;Sb}g d[To'nfO{ hkL–hkL ..
o;} u/L dflg;n] dflg; eP/ hGd]kl5 ug'k{ g]{ st{JonfO{ klg slj
clwsf/Ln] ;'Gb/ 9ª\un] lrq0f u/]sf 5g\ . dflg; ;fdflhs k|f0fL x]f .
;dfhdf ;DkGgb]lv ljkGg;Ddsf dflg;x¿ a;f]af; ug]{ / ltgLx¿df x/]s
dflg;sf] Psn] csf{nfO{ ug'k{ g]{ st{Jo s]–s:tf] x'gk' 5{ eGg] jf:tljstfsf]
af]w u/fpFb} pgn] cfˆgf sljtfx¿sf] /rgf u/]sf 5g\ .
o;} u/L dxfslj b]jsf]6fsf] ;Demgfdf sljn] >4f;'dg ck{0f u/L
…jf0fLk'qÚ sljtfsf] /rgf u/]em}+ cflbslj efg'eQm cfrfo{k|lt >4f;'dg
ck{0f ub}{ tyf cflbsljsf] /rgf u/]sf 5g\ . o;/L g} hLjg ufog u/L
…chDd/L efg'Ú sljtfsf] /rgf u/]sf 5g\ . o;/L g} hLjg ;Tosf
jf:tljstfsf] dxQf b;f{pFb} k|fs[lts lrq0fdf k|kmNn clwsf/L h'gn ] L
ck"j{ ;f}Gbo{sf] JofVof ug{ klg r'Sb}gg\ . sljtf;ª\u|xsf] zLif{s;d]t
rog x'g ;Ifd sljtf …;kgfdf x/fPsf] ljkgfleqÚ sljn] sltslt sNkgf
ug]{ dflg;sf jf:tljsx¿ cg]sf}+ ljjztfx¿n] s;/L ;kgfdf x/fpg
k'u]sf x'g\–p;s} ljkgfx¿ klg eGg] s'/fnfO{ laDa / k|tLssf] ;xh
k|of] uaf6 b]vfPsf 5g\ . dfgj Åbodf ;b}j 5rlNs/xg] lhhLljiff /
ljhLuLiffx¿nfO{ sljn] :j:km"t¿ { kdf 5Gbleq afFw/] cf]/fn]sf 5g\ .
æ========= lg/Gt/ xfd|f cufl8 ;'sfOPsf ;kgfsf la:s'gx¿n] g st}
;f/·L k]6 psf:g ;s], g t l/·6faf6 d'Qm ub}{ s'g} cfFvf v'nfpg g} ;s] <
t/ klg htftt} ;kgfsf] Jofkf/ rln/x]5 / b[i6fGtn] cem} xfd|f] b[li6
gv'Ng' s:tf] lj8Dagf < xfdLdfly ;kgfsf Jofkf/Lsf] s:tf] /hfOF < slt
34÷;dLIff–cª\s
j} h oGtL–!#
/hfO{+ d]/f] snd ckxl/t lakgfsf] v]fhLdf k|of;/t 5 .Æ eGg] :jod\
sljsf] egfOaf6 g} pgsf] o; sljtf ;ª\u|xleq sljtfx¿sf] ult klxrfg
ug{ ;lsG5, ;kgfleq /x]sf] ljkgf a'‰g olt g} sfkmL 5 .
o;} u/L k|:t't s[ltn] kl7t JolQmx¿k|lt Joª\Uo efj b;f{pg]
sljtf k|tLsfTds ¿kdf v/fa cfr/0f ePsf x¿k|lt ljZjf; ug{ g;lsg]
clg ljZjfl;nf] ag]/ cfpFbf klg km'sLkm'sL kfOnf rfNg'kg]{ oyfy{tf,
wtL{k|lt cf:yf clg ljZjf; el/Psf] wtL{sf] syf, lgn{Hh ;Qf nf]nk' tf
ug]x{ ¿k|ltsf] tLvf] clg rf]l6nf] Joª\Uo k|xf/, :jod\ sljtfdf kf7sx¿sf]
jf:tljstfnfO{ ;d]t pb\3f6g sljtfx¿nfO{ cfkm"df ;d]6s ] f] 5 .
o;} u/L zAb k|of]udf w]/} efjx¿ slj tLy{ clwsf/L k|:t't
s[ltleqsf sljtfx¿nfO{ g]kfnL ;dfh, /fi6«df dfq ;Lldt g/fvL
cGt/f{li6«o r]t;d]t ug]{ k|of; u/]sf 5g\ . pgL sljtfaf6} ljZj eft[Tjsf]
vfFrf] dx;'; u/L ljZjeft[Tjk|d] sf] sfdgf ub}{ o;]f ug{ lzIff–bLIff cyf{t\
1fgrIf' v]flng'kg]{ s'/fdf hf]8 lbG5g\ . cGttM lzIffs} pHofnf]af6 xfdL
ljZj;fd' lrlgg ;Sg] / o;n] xfdLdf eft[Tjk|d] b;f{pg] ljZjf; klg
/fVb5g\ . ;a} dflg;nfO{ ;b}j ;Tsfo{sf lglDt k|/] 0ff;d]t lbg kl5 gkg]{
slj …clenfiffÚ zLif{ssf] sljtfaf6 ljZjdfgj–;d'bfonfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{
k'U5g\ eg] hLjg s;/L ;ls|o t'Nofpg] clg ;+;f/} pHofnf] kfg{sf nflu
cfn:onfO{ Tofu]/ pBdL clg l;h{gzLn /xg'kg]{ dfgj ;Gb]z ;Dk|i] f0f ub}{
…km"nsf] cfFvfdf km"n} ;+;f/Ú eGg] d"n efjnfO{ cfTd;ft u/L ;+;f/df
cfkm"n] s'g af6f] /f]Hg] xf] ;f]sf] k"0f{ :jtGqtf :jod\ dflg;df g} /x]sf]
dd{nfO{ klg cleJoQm ug{ 5'6fpFbg} g\ …ofqfsf ljwfx¿Ú sljtfdf .
o;} klg Pp6f slj /fi6«kd]| L x'G5 . slj ;xLb, ;xLbn] k'¥ofPsf
of]ubfg, ;f]xL sf/0f /fi6«df /x]sfn] ef]us ] f :jtGqtf h:tf s'/fx¿nfO{
/fi6«n] slxNo} la;{g g;Sg] ljrf/ /fVb}, s[lifk|wfg xfd|f] b]zsf nflu v]tLkftLsf]
;Gbe{;d]t p7fpg r'ss ] f 5}gg\ . o;} u/L dflg;sf] hLjgdf cWoog
cWofkgsf] dxŒj, l;h{gfsf] dxŒj, ;fF:s[lts kIfsf] dxŒj, kl/jlt{t df};dsf]
dxŒj nfufot lzIff bfg ug]{ lzIfssf] dxŒj, p;sf] jf:tljstf clg p;n]
ug'k{ g]{ st{Jo, 1fg, a'l4, ljj]s / cfˆgf]kgsf] cfef;nfO{ klg sljn] k|:t't
k':tssf sljtfx¿df ;xh 9ª\un] c6fPsf 5g\ .
o;/L ;du|df k|:t''t sfJou|GynfO{ lgofNbf oxfFsf sljtfx¿
d"ntM tLg ljifoIf]qsf] ;]/f]km]/f]leq cfa4 /x]sf 5g\ h;df slj cfˆgf
>å]o cu|h jL/x¿, ;h{sx¿k|lt cfufw >4f ck{0f ug{ pBt b]lvg'
k|z; + gLo kIf xf] eg] /fi6«, cfˆgf] ufpF, cfkm"n] b]vs ] f] ef]us
] f] k|s[ltsf]
/d0fLotfs]f ;xh lrq0f csf]{ pNn]Vo ;Gbe{ xf] . To;} u/L jt{dfgsf]
;fdflhs, /fhgLlts ;Gbe{df b]vfk/]sf lj;·lt / ljs[ltk|lt tLj| Joª\Uo
k|xf/ ug'{ sljsf] csf]{ ceLi6 b]lvG5 . o;/L k"jh { k|ltsf] >4faf6 JoQm,
/fi6«kd|] , k|s[ltk|d] / lj;ª\ultk|ltsf] Joª\Uosf lqj]0ffLdf k|:t't ;ª\u|xsf
sljtfx¿ 3'ds ] f 5g\ eg] 8f= z}nG] b'k|sfz g]kfn;Fu k"0f{tM ;xdt x'g
;dLIff–cª\s÷ 35
j} h oGtL–!#
;lsG5 . o; s[ltleqsf sljtfdf sljn] hLjgsf] /x:onfO{ k|s[lt;Dd
k'¥ofO{ tfbfTdLs/0f ug'{, k|s[ltnfO{ cfTd;ft ug'{, cu|h, jL/ clg
;xLbx¿k|lt gtd:ts, gdg ck{0f ug',{ tLj| /fi6«k|d] h:tf ljz]iftfx¿nfO{
cfTd;ft u/]sf 5g\, h;s]f ;d'lrt k|of]u ePaf6 oxfFsf sljtfx¿
cfFl6nf t 5Fb5 } g\ Tolts} /l;nf klg 5g\ clg dd{:kzL{ klg .
;'Gb/ cfj/0fn] ;kgfdf x/fPs]f ljkgf nf]enfUbf] aGg k'us
] f] 5 .
;fdfGo e]63f6df tLy{ clwsf/L hlt ;/n, ;x[boL b]lvG5g\ . jf:tjdf
pgsf sljtfx¿ klg TolQs} ;/n, ;'Gb/ / ;/; 5g\ . ;'gdf ;'uGw eg]em}+
pgsf oL ljljw kIfx¿nfO{ 5Gbf]a4¿kdf ptfl/Psf] x'Fbf sltko
kª\lQmu'R5fx¿ t kf7sn] k6sk6s k'g/fj[lQ u/L s07 kfg}{ kg]{ aGg
k'us] f] 5 . sljtf k9\bf o;sf] jf:tljstf af]w x'G5–oxfF sltko sljtfdf
slj clwsf/L :jod\ v';Ln] /dfPsf clg st}st} l/;n] cfu]f ag]sf /
sltko cj:yfdf cfGtl/s åGån] slj b]lvG5g\ eg] dfgjsfo{ b"/b[li6df
ul/g'kg]{ ljZjf;df slj /lQe/ rndnfPsf 5}gg\ . cfˆgf ;/n–;/;
efiffz}nL tyf zAb rog clg To;leq ;f/ule{t ljifoj:t'nfO{ 5Gbdf
;Dk|i] o u/]sn} ] ;ª\u|xsf sljtfx¿ hLjGt aGg k'us ] f 5g\ eGg ;lsG5 .
sljtf cfkm} af]N5 . jf:tjdf /fli6«otf, ;b\efj, ;defj, k|d] ,
cfTdLotf, lgi7f, Joyf, c;Gtf]if, ljb|fx] , cfzf e/f];fh:tf x/]s kIfnfO{
;d]6/] cfPsf ljljw ljifosf sljtfx¿sf] ;ª\ufn]f …;kgf x/fPs]f ljkgfÚ
zLif{ssf] k|:t't sfJos[ltn] g]kfnL sfJoIf]qdf 5Gbsf u'0ffTds l;h{gfsf]
cefjnfO{ s]xL dfqfdf eP klg eg]{ sfd cjZo} u/]sf] 5 . sljn] kl5Nnf]
b'O{ bzs otf cfkm"n] cg'et" u/]sf ;kgf, cg'el" t, b[li6sf] ;+Zn]lift
¿knfO{ oxfFsf sljtfdf af]nfPsf 5g\ . h] xf];\ km'6s/ sljtf n]vgaf6}
g]kfnL sfJoIf]qdf :yflkt slj tLy{/fh clwsf/L ;b}j /rgfsd{df dfq
tNnLg /x] h;nfO{ ;ª\u|xLt ¿kdf Nofpg] s[i0f dgf]/y k|lti7fg g]kfnsf]
sfo{df g]kfnL ;flxTosf kf7sx¿ ;bf;bf C0fL /xg]5g\ .
9
cfkm"nfO{ lhTof] hNn] b'lgofF p;sf] eof]
a'4sf gfd 5g\ 7"nf sLlt{ufyf ;bf /Xof] .
cfˆg} cfTdf ge} z'4 s] e]l6GYof] ;'ef;g
gvf]nL k]d| sf] 9f]sf e]l6Gg O{z–cf;g
–gLltljrf/af6
36÷;dLIff–cª\s
j} h oGtL–!#
…ko{Gtb]zÚ s[lt;Fu} rLgofqf
efujt 9sfn
!= ljifo–k|jz
] ofqf lgaGws]f cf}kGofl;s jf pkfVofgfTds ¿k, ofqf j0f{gaf/]
hLjg offqf xf] egL JolQmx¿ ;xh} kl/efiff ul/lbG5g\, t/
ofqfleq n'ss ] f ;'vb'Mv psfnL–cf]/fnL, eHofª–rf}tf/Lsf af/]df dfgjLo
;f]Fr hfFbg} , k'Ub}g . eGg hlt ;lhnf] 5, u/L k'¥ofpg cToGt ufx|f] 5 .
sltko JolQm cfly{s nfedf nflu e|d0f u5{g\, sltko k|fs[lts, ;fdflhs,
;+f:s[lts 1fgsf nflu ofqf u5{g\ xf], o;} bf];|f] >]0fLs]f ofqf xf] …ko{Gtb]zÚ
hxfF pRrkb:y ;/sf/L sd{rf/Ln] Ps dlxg] rLg a;fOdf kfPsf cg'ej,
cg'e"lt / ToxfFsf] ef}uf]lns / ;f+:s[lts pTvgg, To;sf] g]kfn /
g]kfnL;Fusf] t'ngf To;af6 k|fKt ug'k{ g]{ r]tgf / lzIff;Dd k'u/] s[ltnfO{
uxg uDeL/ af}l4s pTvggsf] dfWod agfOPsf] / cfˆgf] 1fg/flz / k|fKt
1fg lIflthnfO{ ;dGjo u/L snfTds /ª/f]ug u/L n]lvPs]f /rgf xf]
…ko{Gtb]zÚ .
@= sf] x'g\ t lgofqfsf/ <
/fdk|;fb kGt g]kfnL ;flxTodf kl/lrt gfpF xf] . b'Oj{ 6f pkGof;
-la/fgf] a:tLdf, tLg cfdfsf] 5f]/f_ b'O{j6f syf;ª\u|x -?SdL lbbL,
;G‰ofn_ s]xL sfJo, v08 sfJox¿ -j]bgfsf nx/x¿, tLtfdL7f s'/f_ s]xL
;+:d/0f / :d[ltu|Gy -/fdrGb| zdf{ M :d[ltu|Gy, pTs[i6 ;QfO{; JolQmTj_n]
rf/j6f s[ltsf] ;Dkfbg, ul/;s]sf kGtsf em08} cfwfbh{g lgofqf;ª\u|x
k|sflzt 5g\ . hfkfg e|d0fsf s]xL ;Demgfx¿, ofqf / cg'el" t, k]6«fg] f;
6fj/sf] ;]/f]km]/f], afx| ;"o{ ;f]x| kmGsf], ko{Gtb]zh:tf lgofqfn] /fdk|;fb
kGtsf] klxrfg lbO/x]sf 5g\ . ;ª\VofTds b[li6n] dfq xf]Og, s[ltsf]
u'0ffTds s;Ldf klg pgL kl/lrt 5g\, :yflkt 5g\ . lgTo lg/Gt/ ;flxTo
;fwgfdf /dfpg' pgsf] ;f]v xf], ;/sf/L hflu/x¿ km';b{df If0f ef]u–
ljnf; / df]hd:tLlt/ vr{g] u/]sf k|z:t pbfx/0f 5g\ . ljb]z e|d0f klg
pgL / pgLh:tf xflsdx¿ uO/xG5g\, t/ pgLx¿sf] ToxfFsf] a;fO ljb]zL
d'b|f cfh{g ug]{ / cfkm"n] cfgGb lng] p2]Zodf a9L s]lGb|t x'G5, t/ kGt
;+of]ujz hxfF k'U5g\ ToxfFsf] hLjgk4lt, efiff, ;Eotf, ;+:s[lt, Oltxf;
cflb cg]s kIfsf]] ;"Id pTvggdf ?lr lnG5g\ / kms]k{ l5 ef}lts ;DklteGbf
ch/cd/ /rgf lbP/ kf7sx¿nfO{ 7"nf] u'g nfpF5g\ . pgL e|d0f t PSn}
jf cfˆg} ;d"xdf ubf{ x'g\ t/ s[lt k9\g] kf7s ;lhn} pgsf jl/kl/ g} 5
ls jf ;Fu} 8'ln/x]sf] 5' eGg] agfpg pgL vlKk; eO;s]sf 5g\ . pgsf]
n]vgL ca Joli6 /x]g, ;dli6 ag]/ s'b\5, pgsf efjgf ca j}olQms /x]gg\
tL ;fdflhs / ;fd"lxs ag]/ cg'ej x'G5g\, pgn] ofqfdf k|z:t dfg
;dLIff–cª\s÷ 37
j} h oGtL–!#
ckdfg ;x] xf]nfg\ si6 / ljiffb ef]u] xf]nfg\, ef]s / Kof;;Fu ;ª\3if{ u/]
xf]nfg\ t/ xfdLnfO{ ljz'4 ;f}Gbo{ / ;'vsf] k|tLs cfgGbfg'el" t dfq lbG5g\ .
cfˆgf] ofqf;Fu kf7s dgsf] ofqfnfO{ 8f]¥ofpg ;Sg' g} lgofqfsf/sf] v'aL
/ kl/rfg xf], o; snfdf pgn] lg/Gt/ kl/isf/ / ;kmntf kfPsf 5g\ .
#= lgofqf s] xf] t <
syfTds z}nLdf n]lvPsf] lgaGw -kf]v/]n cGo @)$)M&#$_ egL kl/eflift
ul/Psf] 5 . ofqf ljz'4 ofqf xf] t/ To;df ha ;|i6fn] hLjgfg'el" tsf
tLtfdL7f Jo~hgx¿ ld;fpF5 clg Tof] ;flxTolgs6 aGg k'U5 . lgofqfsf/
cfkm"n] ofqf u/]sf] 7fpFsf] sf]/f j0f{g dfq ug]{ xf]Og, ToxfFsf] :yfgLo ¿k,
/ª\, Wjlg, :kz{sf] OlGb|o ;+jB ] tfnfO{ 5'g ;Sg'k5{ . cfkm";Fu} kf7ssf
efjgf / dgf]bzfs]f klg ofqf u/fpg'k5{ . 36gfdf ljZj;gLotf / sygdf
Odfgbf/L Pj+ j0f{gsf] qmda4tf geO{ ldlrPs]f x'g' x'Fbg} . cfˆgf efjgf,
ljrf/ / wf/0ff ld;fOP klg Tof] >f]tf kf7snfO{ af]l] emnf] pkb]zfTds x'g'
x'Fbg} , ofqfdf b]v] ef]us
] f ;dfhsf JolQm rl/q / k|j[lQeGbf ;fdflhs
;fwf/0fLs[t u'0f / k|j[lQnfO{ dfq cfTdf;ft\ ug{ ;Sg'k5{ . ofqfnfO{ Pp6}
syfVofgeGbf k|;ª\ucg';f/ pkzLif{sdf afF8\g' pko'Qm x'G5, efiff cToGt
sfJofTds b'af]W{ o jf cToGt ;/n x'g' x'bF g} , nf]sf]lQm, 6'Ssf, lgkft, lj:doaf]ws
ePs]f cj:ydf g} pTs[i6 lgofqf aGg ;Sb5 . log} ;Gbe{df lgofqfsf/
/fdk|;fb kGt / pgsf] s[lt …ko{Gtb]zÚ o; n]vdf cWoog ul/g]5 .
$= lgofqfsf/ kGtsf] lgofqf–k|jl[ Q
x'g t ;|i6fn] ;'lgof]lht n]vg ub}g{ , k|fKt jf ;ª\slnt ;fdu|LnfO{
qmdzM cl3 a9fpFb} hfG5, clg kf7s b|i6fn] oxfFg/] of] /fd|f] jf g/fd|f] egL
l6Kk0fL ul/lbG5, kGtsf] kfFrf} s[lt xf] lgofqftkm{ …ko{Gtb]zÚ . ctM
n]vsLo kl/kSjtf oxfFg/] cfOk'Ubf cjZo e]6\g ;lsG5 . j0f{g sf}zn,
ljifoj:t'nfO{ ;fwf/0fLs[t ug]{ ;fdYo{, o;kl5 s] eP xf]nf eGg] sf}tx" nsf]
l;h{gf u'0fn] …ko{Gob]zÚ s[lt /fdk|;fbsf /rgfx¿df dfq xf]Og, lgofqftkm{
snd rnfpg] ;dsfnLg s}og k|ltefsf] eGbf k[ys\ / leGg prfOdf /x]sf]
;xh} yfxf kfpg ;lsG5 . 36gf / ofqfleq cfˆgf y'k|} s'/f ld;fpg
EofpF5g\ pgL / kf7sn] ;xh} krfpF5, Tof] st} klg chL0f{ nfUb}g,
c:jfefljs dx;'; x'Fbg} . k/b]znfO{ :jb]z;Fu x/]s ljifo jf k|;ª\udf
bfFH5g\ pgL / xfdL pgsf efj;Fu} :jb]z / ljb]z 8f]¥ofOG5f} . sxLF st}
s[lqdtf / a]:jfb nfUb}g . efiff pgL;Fu ;Fu} af]np7 jf lxF88'n ug]{
;xsdL{ ldqsf] h:tf] 5, t/ To;} ;/ntfleq klg y'k|} efjufDeLo{ ld;fpg
EofO;s]sf x'G5g\ pgL . ljb]zL ldq, ljb]zL efiff, ljb]zL hLjgk4ltdf
s;/L 3'nldn eP xf]nfg\, zAbt:jL/ lvRg EofP xf]nfg\ h:tf] nfU5, t/
pgn] cfˆgf] 5f]6f] jf nfdf] h:tf];s ' } ofqfdf klg cfkm"n] rflxg] tYo xf];\
of vfg]s/' fsf k|sf/ x/]slt/ pgsf] b[li6 k'us ] f] x'G5 . k|s[ltdf /dfpg
EofpF5g\, hfb"do 36gf x]g{ pgnfO{ km';b{ 5, cfˆgf] cf}ifwL ;dod} lgNg
38÷;dLIff–cª\s
j} h oGtL–!#
klg la;{b+ g} g\, lglZrt ;dodf sfo{qmddf pkl:yt eP/ af}l4s ts{k0" f{
pkl:ylt lbg klg kl5 kb}g{ g\ kGt . sltko ;xefuL pkl:yltsf nflu
pkl:yt ePsf x'G5g\, lglZrt eQf, ;'v–;'lawf / ljb]z ;o/ d'Vo nIo
/fVg]x¿sf] eL8df kGt lh1f;' ljBfyL{ ag]/ l55{g\ clg y'k|} y'k|} 1fg/flz
lnP/ kmls{G5g\ h'g 1fg/flz cfkm"df dfq ;Lldt 5}g, ;d:t kf7s;dIf
;xh} ;/n efiffdf pvfg6'Ssfldl>t t'NofP/ k|:t't u5{g\ . o;y{ :yfgLo
/ª hLjgk4ltleq leh]/ To;af6 lgM;[t u"9 /;nfO{ ;/n 9ª\\un] hLjGt
k|:t'lt lbg] snfdf lgofqfsf/ kGt 5g\ . lgofqfdf x'g' k' g]{ tbf?stf
-;fdu|L ;ª\sng_ pgdf 5, cfkm"nfO{ zª\sf nfu]sf ljifodf ;fyL;FuLaf6
:ki6 x'G5g\ clg aNn kf7sdfem /fVb5g\ . h]xf];\ lgofqfdf lgofqfsf/
n] kf7ssf] dg dl:tisnfO{ ;Fu} 8'nfpg ;Sg'k5{, Tof] sfo{df kGt ztk|ltzt
;kmn 5g\, pgsf egfO / ljrf/ pkb]zfTds geP/ ldqjt\ k|of]u x/]s
b[li6af6 lgofqfdf x'g] ofjt\ pTs[i6 k|j[lQ pgn] cfTd;ft\ u/]sf 5g\ .
%= …ko{Gtb]zÚ s[ltsf] cWoog
%=! s[ltsf] ;+/rgfkIf
…ko{Gtb]zÚ s[ltsf] afXo cfj/0f lrlgofF k|s[lt ;+:s[lt / ef}lts
;DkbfnfO{ cf}FNofpFg] k|s[ltsf] 5 . afXo cfj/0fdf n]vgLo JolQmTjsf]
s]xL 5gs lbOPsf] 5 . j;Gts'df/ zDdf{ g]kfnsf] …/fdk|;fb kGt / of]
lgofqf;ª\u|xÚ Pj+ 8f= 3gZofd g]kfn …kl/>dLÚsf] …ko{Gtb]zleq k|jz ] ubf{Ú
zLif{s e"ldsf cfn]vkl5 n]vssf] k|fSsyg 5, hxfF rLgsf] agf]6,
hg;ª\Vof, cfly{s, j[l4b/, ljZj cy{tGq;Fusf] p;sf] k|lt:kwf{h:tf
rLg hfg] jf rLgnfO{ hfGg rfxg]x¿sf nflu pgLx¿sf] ;f]Fr, Jojxf/,
ldq/fi6«;uF sf] ;DaGw nufot ofjt\ zAblrq o;} k|fSsygdf ptfl/Psf] 5 .
To;kl5 ljifoqmddf !% j6f pkzLif{s / ltgsf] qmda4tfnfO{ …cGof]nk"0f{
ofqfMlj:dosf/L :jfutÚ af6 ;'? u/L æTof] lbg gcfPsf] eP x'GYof]Æ;Dd
k'¥ofP/ 6'ª\UofOPsf] 5 . !!$ k[i7 / cGo s]xL ;xof]uL k[i7sf ;fy dWod
cfsf/df kfZj{lrqdf rLgdf n]vsn] lvr]sf] km]f6f];lxtsf] ;k|df0f k|:t'ltn]
o;sf] afXo ;+/rgfnfO{ cfa4 u/]sf 5g\ .
%=@ …ko{Gtb]zÚ s[ltsf pkzLif{sleqsf] ;ª\lIfKt hfgsf/L
s[lt leqsf] klxn]f pkzLif{s xf]M …cGof]nk"0f{ ofqfM lj:dosf/L
:jfutÚ zLif{s n]vdf rLg ofqfdf hfg cfˆgf] /f]un] 5]Sg] xf] ls eGg]
cfzª\sf JoQm ul/Psf] 5 . 6fOkmfO8sf] cf}ifwL vfg nfu]sfn] dgf]gogdf
k/] klg rLg hfg kfOFbg} ls eGg] cfzª\sfnfO{ cGof]nk"0f{ ofqf elgPsf]
xf] . lrlgofF ;/sf/sf] lgDtf]df …Osf]gf]dL PG8 l8km]G; ;]So'l/6LÚ ljifos
;]ldgf/df efu lng n]vs kGt / pgsf ;fyL /fh]z kf}8n ] n] dlxgfJofkL
ofqfsf nflu sf7df8f}+ Po/kf]6{ kf/ ub}{ uf]Ghfp k|fGtsf] jfo'g Po/k]f6{sf]
6«flGh6 a;fO, ToxfFsf] pGgltsf] emns / rf/306fkl5 …gfglhªÚ p8fg
ToxfF …lnlhª\Ú gfds cfdL{sL d]h/af6 :jfut ;Tsf/ ub}{ af6f]df vfhf
v'jfpFb} ;Fu} cfPsL g]kfnL s]6L zfGtf kf08]nfO{ af6fdf 5f8\b} pgLx¿ Po/
;dLIff–cª\s÷ 39
j} h oGtL–!#
kf]6{af6 sDtLdf ;o lsnf]ld6/ 6f9f cfdL{ sn]hdf k'u]/ cf]n]{;Ddsf
36gfnfO{ ToxfFsf] k|fs[lts ;f}Gbo{sf cfn]fsdf ef}lts pGgltsf] k/fsfi7fsf]
lrq0f lgoffqfsf/n] g]kfn / g]kfnLkg;Fu t'ngf ub}{ cl3 a9fPsf 306f
…Pp6} ;kgfM Pp6} ljZjÚ zLif{s l8:Kn] af]8d{ f n]lvPsf] zLif{s xf], o;af6
lrlgofFx¿sf] ;fd|fHojfbnfO{ xf]Og, dfgjtfnfO{ ljZj Pstfsf] cfwf/
dfG5g\ eGg] s'/fsf] lgisif{df lgofqfsf/ k'us ] f 5g\ .
…;goft;]gsf] ;dflw / sGkm\o; ' ; 6]DknÚ n]vdf kf}g] 306fsf]
ofqf ofª\hL gbL kf/ u/L k'us ] f] / ToxfF s'Oª /fhfx¿sf] tfgfzfxL
/fHoJoj:yflj?4 b]znfO{ k|hftflGqs af6f]df n}hfg] ;gofT;]gsf] d"lt{nfO{
>4fefj k|s6 u/]sf] k|;ª\u 5 . gjLg wd{kr| f/s geP/ ljs[t / ljz[ªv \ lnt
aGb} uPsf] cflb wd{nfO{ k'ghL{jg lbg] k|ltef sGk\mo';; 6]Dkn lgdf{0f u/]
lrgLofFx¿n] / a'4 / ncf]T;];uF } pgsf] klg k"hf ug{ yfn] . …gfglhª j/k/Ú
zLif{s n]vdf cfO/g P08 l:6n sDkgL x]g{ hfg] k|;ª\u 5 . hxfF n]vss}
efiffdf bz xhf/ ljZjsdf{sf ;Gtfgx¿ sfo{/t 5g\ . …df;]s/ Do'lhodM
bb{gfs sxfgLÚ gfglhªsf] dWo ;x/df /x]sf] k|l;4 x}lG8qmfˆ6 sDkgL /
d;]s/ Do'lhod x]g{ uPsf] k|;ª\u 5 b'O{ tnfd'lg /x]sf] xndf x]l/Psf]
8s'dG] 6«Ld{ f hfkfgn] rLgdfly cfqmd0f / To; qmddf dfl/Psf em08} tLg
nfv lrlgofFsf] d[To' ePs]f b'MvfGt b[Zo lyof] Tof] . To; ejgsf leQfx¿df
klg ljleGg t:jL/x¿ lyP, hxfF ToxL !(#& df ePsf] cfqmd0fsf lrq
lyP . …ne / /f]dfG;sf] /fhwfgL xfGh'Ú gfglhª\af6 #%) lsnf]ld6/sf]
ofqf k"/f u/L …xfGh'Ú zx/ k'us ] f] / ToxfFsf] …xfGh'Ú OG6/g];gn xf]6n ] df
dgdflkms vfgf vfP/ …af; n]sÚ x]g{ k'us ] f] k|;ª\u 5 . To; af; n]s
-tfn_ sf] ;f}Gbo{ / ToxfFsf] k|fs[lts ;f}Gbo{nfO{ s}og o'jfo'jtLn] k|d] fnfk
;f6\g] :ynsf ¿kdf k|of]u ug'{ :jfefljs} xf] . ToxL ;f}Gbo{sf] avfg o;
n]vdf 5 . …xfGh'sf s]xL b[Zo kl/b[Zox¿Ú zLif{s n]vdf xf]Ghf8 OG6/
g];gn xf]6n ] sf] ^@@ gDa/ sf]7faf6 aflx/ x]g{ n]vsn] kfPsf] dgdf]xs
b[Zoaf6 k|efljt 5g\ . Oltxf; alg;s]sf k'/fgf Jofkf/L x' ;' ofgsf] 3/
x]g{ hfg] qmddf pgsf ljnfl;tf;Fu kl/lrt ag]sf 5g\ . To;kl5 ahf/
k'Ubf ToxfF b]jgfu/Ldf …g]kfnL ahf/Údf k'u/] pd]z >]i7 ;~rflnt To;
k;nsL s]6L;Fusf s'/fsfgL oxfF 5g\ . …lrof aufg, afF;sf] jg / ;ª8\fOg]i6L
;f]Ú n]vdf …d]Olhª 6L KnfG6Ú sf] e|d0fdf lg:s]sf] s'/f 5 . lu|g 6L vfg] tl/
sf To;sf] k|of]u / kmfObf Pj+ d"No cflb s'/f oxfF jl0f{t 5g\ . …r'MlrÚ
cyf{t\ afF;sf] jg To;af6 pTkflbt cg]sg j:t'sf] j0f{g;Fu} lrlgofF efiff,
;+:s[lt / Oltxf;sf s}og kIfsf] pTvgg oxfF ul/Psf] 5 . afF;sf] ;xo]fudf
r6s]n] b]vfPsf] b[Zo Pj+ :6]hdf kbf{ v'nk] l5 ljleGg wfld{s ;lxi0f'tfsf
b[Zo;Fu} Oltxf;sf dxŒjk"0f{ 36gfsf] b[Zo ToxfF x]g{ kfPsf] k|;ª\u pNn]v
5 . …uugr'DaL 3/ / csf;]dfu{x¿Ú n]vdf ;fª\3fO{ hfFbf …d]knÚ sf ?vx¿sf]
;f}Gbo{ j0f{g 5 . sf7df8f}+ l5g]{ gfsfx¿sf] b'bz { fsf] lrq0f 5, ToxfF /
oxfFsf ;8ssf] t'ngf 5 . dxfgu/ kflnsfsf] :jefj / :j¿ksf] j0f{g 5,
40÷;dLIff–cª\s
j} h oGtL–!#
uugr'DaL 3/x¿ / cfsfz]dfu{n] rLg a;fOdf cfkm"nfO{ kf/]sf k|efjsf]
cleJolQm 5 . c]fl/oG6n 6fj/ / kfgLhxfhsf] ofqfÚ zLif{s n]vdf
;fª\3fO{ ;x/sf] xfª\k' gbLsf] 5]psf] cf]l/oG6n 6fj/sf] j0f{g 5 / ToxL
6fj/nfO{ s[ltsf] kfZj{k[i7df cl·t ul/Psf] 5 . …Pqmf]afl6s ;f]Ú x]bf{sf
pQ]hs b[Zox¿ 5g\ / kfgLhxfh r9], l;dl;d kfgL k/] klg cb\et' Pjd\
ck"j{ b[Zo x]g{ / tl:j/ lvRgdf pgL tNnLg /x] . …;o" { n'sfO/Xof] ;fª\3fO{nÚ]
zLif{s n]vdf lrlgofF sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf] clkm; ;fª3fO{ ;x/ sG:6«S;g
sDkgLsf] clkm; x]g{] / of]ofg ;x/ 3'Dg] / Ps ah] gfglhª kmls{g]
sfo{qmd /x]sf]df laxfg}bl] v k/]sf] kfgLn] ;"on { fO{ n'sfO/Xof] eGg] cfzo
JoQm 5 . Tof] Rofgn x]/s ] f]df cltl/Qm @** o'cfg vfgsf nflu lbOP klg
n]vs / pgsf ldqn] :ofp vfP/ k};f arfPsf] k|;ª\u klg oxfF 5 .
…cf]nlDks u|fdb]lv d]6«f] /]n;DdÚ n]vdf ^=^ xf]S6/ hldgdf lgld{t @$)*
sf] c]flnlDks v]n ePsf kfFrj6f :6]l8odsf] eJotfsf] j0f{g 5 . ToxfFsf]
;f}Gbo{, d]xgt / ljljwtfnfO{ g]kfnL v]ns'bsf] ;ª\\sr' g;Fu t'ngf;d]t
ul/Psf] 5 . @ o'cfg lt/]/ 3'Dg ;lsg] d]6f« /] n
] af6 klg n]vs k|efljt 5g\ . tLg
tnfdfly k'Ubf aNn hldg ;tx e]l6g] Tof] e"ldut /]nn] ToxfFsf] ljsf; /
;d[l4sf] lrgf/L lbO/x]sf] 5 . cl86f]l/od xnaf6 b]vfOPsf gfglhª
;x/sf P]ltxfl;s, dxŒjsf b[Zox¿ x]bf{ n]vsn] cfkm"nfO{ gf/b Clif /
xg'dfg\;Fu t'ngf u/]sf 5g\ hf] cfsfzdfu{df lxF8\g] uy]{ . o;} n]vdf ;fyL
/fh]znfO{ dgkg]{ vfgf lemSg 6]an 3'dfpFbf vfgfsf] afpg:d]n l/;fPsf]
k|;ª\u klg 5 . …:n]G8/ n]ssf] pTs[i6tf / ef]hsf] eJotfÚ rfdn /
s'sLhsf nflu dfq geP/ ofGh' o'lgjl;{6Lsf sf/0f klg k|l;4 /x]sf]
ofGh'gbLsf] d'xfgsf] tfnnfO{ g} …:n]G8/ n]sÚ elg+bf] /x]5 . rf}aL;j6f k'n
/x]sf] / lsnf]ld6/ nfdf] To; tfnsf] ;f}Gbo{ j0f{g oxfF 5 . To;} tfndf
kfls:tfgL hg]n { tfGjL/sf] xftaf6 df]jfOn v;]sf] b'Mvb 36gf klg
jl0f{t 5 . k"j{ cd]l/sL /fi6«klt lan lSnG6nn] cToGt dg kf/fPs]f Tof]
tfn / To; jl/kl/ /x]sf] lu|ga]N6sf] rqmky;Fu t'ngf ul/Psf] 5 .
ofGh'sf] dWoefudf /x]sf] …ltj]ltg xf]ln8] xf]6nÚsf] eJo e]fhsf] ;+:d/0f
ul/Psf] 5 . …5f]/LnfO{ lr7LÚ cfˆgf] ofqfsf] ;f/;ª\If]k xf], hxfF dfgjLo
;+jb] gfnfO{ k|:t't ub}{ cfkm"n] rfOgf a;fOdf s;};Fu klg ;Dks{ gu/]sf]
k|;ª\u 5, /];d lkml/l/======= sf] nosf] lrlgofF uLt;d]t oxfF lbOPsf] 5 .
…nIdLk"hfÚ cfkm"n] xf]6n ] d} dgfPsf], tf; v]ns ] f] Pj+ d]h/ ;fyL ;'efif
yfkfn] u/]sf] cfltYosf] ;Demgf 5 . …Tof] lbg gcfPsf] eP x'GYof]Ú zLif{saf6}
:ki6 x'G5 Tof] clGtd lbg xf] . cf}krfl/s sfo{qmd ;lsPsf] / ;xefuLx¿
:jb]z kmls{g yfn]sf] cj:yfdf ;fyLx¿sf ;fdfg /fVbf a9L x'g] 8/
s;sf] n}hfpmF, s;sf] lems"F eGbf ;fyLx¿ Pscfk;df emu8f u/]sf] k|;ª\un]
g]kfnLkg b]vfPsf] 5 . xtf/df jfl;ª ldl;gdf sk8f xfNbf cfˆgf]
k]g8«fOe klg k/]sf] kL8f oxfF 5 . cfˆgf] pkrf/sf nflu b]fefif] lagfsf]
k|;
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;dLIff–cª\s÷ 41
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5 . l;lgo/ sg]n { åo / c? ;xof]uLx¿n] u/]sf] labfO sf?l0fs 5 .
kmls{b+ f Kn]gdf gofF Jofkf/Lx¿ e]6 ePsf], t]nsf] l;;L gfz ul/Psf], /S;L
jf cGo k]o kbfy{sf] Jofkf/Ls/0f ul/Ps]f /f]rs k|;ª\un] n]vnfO{ /f]rs
agfPsf] 5, ;fy} lrlgofF / g]kfnL zAbfg'jfb s]xL a9L k|rlnt zAbsf]
lbP/ n]v / ofqfnfO{ cem a9L ljZj;gLo agfOPsf] 5 .
%=# …ko{Gtb]zÚ s[ltdf k|s[ltlrq0f
…lgofqfÚ b]zsfn kl/j]zsf] zAblrq xf], o;y{ n]vsn] h'gh'g'
7fpFdf k'U5g\ tt\tt\ :ynsf] b[Zo–t:jL/ k|:t't ug{ ;Sg' p;s]f ;kmntf
xf] . …ko{Gtb]zÚ s[ltsf lgofqfsf/ /fdk|;fb kGtn] klg cfkm" 3'ds ] f] rLgsf]
ljleGg k|fGt / ;x/sf] To; cf;kf;sf k|s[lthGo / dfgjlgld{t k|s[ltsf]
snfTds lrq0f oxfF u/]sf 5g\ . …b]Vb} 5, slt ;kmf / km/flsnf] af6f] Û
af6f] 5f]p5fpsf] xl/ofnL Û k|foM h;f] b]lvGy] /ftf] kft ePsf bz–kGw|
lkm6 cUnf ?v / aLraLrdf nufOPsf w'kL tyf km]fSsf] km]fSsf] k/]sf cGo
k|hfltsf ?vx¿ / 7fpF7fpFdf km'ns ] f jGos';
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lrlgofF u|fdL0f a:tLsf] t:jL/ n]vs o;/L ptf{5g\ bfofFafofF u|fdL0f a:tL
b]lvFb5 } . lrlgofF z}nLsf, sfnf] /ªsf 6fon / lemFu6Ln] 5fPsf tLgrf/
tnf;Ddsf lrgL u|fdL0f 3/x¿ b]lvFb} 5g\, st} u'hK' k k/]sf, st} 5l/P/
/x]sf tL 3/x¿ k'/fgf z}nLsf k|tLt x'G5g\ . st} v]tsf] kmfF6 b]lv+b} 5,
5f]6f af]6 ePsf kx]Fnk'/ wfgsf] kmfF6 dg} nf]Eofpg] vfnsf]======= -k[= ##_
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;'Gb/ b]lv+b} 5 tfnlsgf/sf] jfl6sf . ntfs'~h, xl/t jg:klt / ;'jfl;t
x'Fb} 5 k'ikds/Gb . -k[= #^_ lrlgof ;dfh, ;Eotf, ;+:s[lt, k]zf, Joj;fo
emlNsg] b[Zox¿nfO{ ;'Gb/ / df]xs z}nLn] ptfg''{ pgs]f j0f{g sf}zntf xf] .
%=$ …ko{Gtb]zÚ s[ltdf Oltxf;
x'g t …ko{Gtb]zÚ s[lt ljz'4 lgofqf xf], t/ klg n]vsn] rLgsf]
P]ltxfl;s b:tfa]hnfO{ o;/L 3'nldn u/]/ k|:t't kf/]sf 5g\, Tof] ;fFlRrs}
pgs]f 1fg/flzsf] lj/f6tf / j0f{gsf s'zntf g} xf] . sxLF klg nfUb}g xfdL
sf]/f Oltxf;df cNem]sf 5f}F, ;flxlTos k|:t'ltleq ;xh Oltxf; s;/L
cfpF5 eGg] s'/f oxfF 5 . e"ldsfd} n]vsn] rLgaf/]sf ofjt\ dxÎjk"0f{
tYof° k|:t't u/]sf ;Gbe{df leqL pkzLif{sx¿df k|;ª\ujz cfPsf tL
P]ltxfl;s b:tfa]hsf Psb'O{ gd'gf k|:t't gug'{ s[ltk|lt a]OdfgL x'g5 ] .
…;g\ !($* df hfkfgnfO{ Rofn]Gh lbg] u/L To; sn]hsf] lgdf{0f
ePsf] /x]5 / ;g\ !(%# df dfcf]T;]tª ' af6 pb\3f6g ePsf] /x]5 . -k[= !#_
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k4ltaf6 rnfpg'k5{ eGg] kIfdf -;gofT;]g_ lyP=========k[= !&
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cIf/ x'G5g\ lrlgofF efiffdf .========k[ $&
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P]ltxfl;s 1fgsf b[li6n] klg glhs / pkof]uL /x]sf] 5 .
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lgofqfsf/ h'g b]z :yfg jf ;dfhdf k'U5, Tof] ;dfhn] cfkm" /
cfkm"h:t} cGo b]zsf ofq', cfdlGqtx¿nfO{ s;/L x]5,{ ljZjk|ltsf] To;
/fi6«sf] b[li6sf]0f s:tf] 5 cflb s"6g}lts kIfdf klg n]vs 3f]lTnPsf 5g\ .
cfˆgf] tflnd x'g] sDkfp08sf l8:Kn] af]8d{ f n]lvPsf] one dream one
world -Pp6} ;kgf Pp6} ljZj_ nfO{ lgofqfsf/n] ljleGg sf]0faf6 d"Nofª\sg
u/]sf 5g\ . o;sf] Pp6f cy{ ljZjdf ;fd|fHo ug]{ rfx klg x'g ;S5, t/
s'/fsfgL / Jojxf/af6 n]vsn] s] yfxf kfP eg] lrlgofFx¿ dfgjtf /
ljZjaGw'Tjdf ljZjf; u5{g\ .
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ldqefj xf]pmg\ . ;Dk"0f{ ljZjnfO{ xfdL ldqjt\ Jojxf/ u/f}F . d}qL Jojxf/
ug]n{ fO{ ;w} :jfut u/f]F} . xfd|f] sfd ug]{ z}nL ;w} cu|ufdL x'gk' 5{ . xfdL
Pscsf{df cfwfl/t 5f}F====== -k[= !#_ o:tf dfgjtfjfbL hLjg–bz{gaf6 lrlgofF
hgtf k|efljt /x]sf] ;Tof]b3\ f6g lgofqfsf/n] s[ltdf u/]sf 5g\ .
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t'ngf ug{ k'U5g\M …xfd|f] e[s6' Ld08kdf a;]sf] xªsª dfs]6{ h:tf] v'Nnf
dfs]6{ /x]5 Tof]==== t/ xfd|f] 7d]nh:tf] af6f] ;fF3/' f] rflxF xf]Og -k[= $!_ …dfgf}F
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;dLIff–cª\s÷ 43
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5 . ;;fgf s'/fdf x:tIf]k ug{ ?rfpg] sltko 7"nf /fi6«sf ;Gbe{af6
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b]lvG5, t/ lgofqfsf/ eg] rLg;Fusf] ;DaGwnfO{ k|frLgt;Dd k'u/] x]5g{ \ –
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c+zj' df{n] cfˆgL 5f]/L e[s6' Lsf] ljjfx ul/lbPsf lyP ;|ªrªuDkf]l;t=======
c/lgsf] s;/L lx+8/] k'u] xf]nfg\ s'tL x'Fb} xfN;f / s'jnofvfFsf] lgDtf]df
a]Olhª <========-k[= !!!_
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klg rLgn] pTkfbg u/]sf ;:tf ;fdfgsf sf/0f s}og g]kfnLsf] z/L/
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gfdof]uL …ko{GtÚ cufl8 /fv]/ zAb;f}Gbo{nfO{ snfTds t'NofOPs]f 5 .
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5g\ . Jofsf/l0fs lgod pNnª\3g ul/Psf jfSou7g klg cToGt ;xh /
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k|of]usf b[li6n] .
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dfof s] xf] < / ljsf; eg]sf] s] xf], lrGg ;s"g\, cfkm" / cfˆgf] ;dfh–
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x'g] u/]sf x'g\ . g]kfnsf] klg xljut o:t} g} lyof]] . g]kfnn] cfkm\gf] efiffdf
7"nf zf:q jf u|Gyx¿ lgdf{0f ug{ ;s]sf] lyPg . g]kfnL efiffdf P]gsfg'g
tyf lgodx¿;d]t aGg d'l:sn k/]sf] cj:yfdf cflb slj efg'eQm
cfrfo{n] cfkm\gf] efiffdf n]Vg yfn]kl5 g]kfnL efiffdf s]xL k|ult ePsf] eP
klg zf:qsf 7"nf u|Gyx¿ g]kfnLdf cg'jfb eP/ cfpg ;s]sf lyPgg\ .
g]kfnL ;flxTosf/ jf n]vsx¿sf lgldQ of] b'vb ljifo ag]s} xf] . clxn];Dd
klg Hofb} yf]/} ljåfg\ n]vsx¿ of] dfu{df cfpg yfn]sf] cj:yf hu hfx]/
5 . o;} qmddf oxfF Pp6f ljåfg\ b]vf k/]sf 5g\, pgsf] gfd xf] j;Gts'df/
zDdf{ g]kfn . h;n] ;flxTosf] lzv/ r'ds ] f 5g\ . pgn] Pp6f a[xbfsf/ u|Gy
k|sfzdf NofPsf 5g\ . To;sf] gfd xf] g]kfnL uB dxfef/t . ;+:s[t efiffdf
ePsf] dxfef/tnfO{ g]kfnLdf cg'jfb ul/Psf] u|Gy xf] uB dxfef/t .
;+:s[t efiffsf ;j{>i] 7 n]vssf ¿kdf eujfg\ j]bJof;nfO{ dflgPsf]
5 . Jof;b]jn] w]/} u|Gyx¿sf] lgdf{0f u/]sf 5g\ . >Ldb\efujtsf lgdf{tf
Jof;b]j g} x'g\ . pgn] efujt\ åfbz:sGwsf] t]/f}+ cWofodf ljleGg k'/f0fx¿sf]
Znf]s;ª\Vof atfPsf 5g\ . ;f]cg';f/ a|x\dk'/f0fdf !)))), Znf]s /x]sf
5g\ / To;} u/L kb\dk'/f0fdf %%))), lji0f'k/' f0fdf @#))), lzjk'/f0fdf
@%))), dfs{0o]ok'/f0fdf ())), clUgk'/f0fdf !%$)), eljiok'/f0fdf !$%)),
a|Xdj}jTo{k'/f0fdf !*))) lnª\uk'/f0fdf !!))), j/fxk'/f0fdf @$))),
:sGbk'/f0fdf *!!)), jfdgk'/f0fdf !)))), s"dk{ /' f0fdf !&))), dT:o–
k'/f0fdf !$))), u?8k'/f0fdf !@))) Znf]s;ª\Vof ePsf] j0f{g 5 . o:tf
k'/f0f dxfk'/f0fx¿ c? klg 5g\ . tL ;a} ubf{ $))))) -rf/ nfv _ eGbf
a9L 5g\ egL efujt\n] g} hgfPsf] 5 . o;/L x]bf{ ;+:s[t ;flxTo ;f/} wgL
;flxTo xf] eGg] a'em\g ;lsG5 . km]l/ a'em\g kg]{ csf]{ Pp6f s'/f klg 5, Tof]
s] eg] dxfef/t oL k'/f0fdWo] ;f/} 7"nf] u|Gy xf] . o;df !@%))) -Psnfv
46÷;dLIff–cª\s
j} h oGtL–!#
klRr; xhf/_eGbf klg a9L Znf]s /x]sf 5g\ . o:tf] dxfsfJo jf dxfk'/f0fsf]
g]kfnLdf cg'jfb xfd|f dxlif{ j;Gts'df/ zDdf{ g]kfnn] u/]sf] b]lvG5 .
dxfef/t cfo{ ;+:s[ltsf] Pp6f dxfg\ u|Gy xf] elg;lsPsf] 5 . of]
clxn];Dd b]lvPsf u|Gyx¿df ;j{>]i7 u|Gy eGg] k|df0f o;sf Znf]s
;ª\Vofn] atfO;s]sf 5g\ . of] dxfg\ u|Gysf ;DaGwdf ljrf/ ubf{ s]
b]lvG5 eg] ;To o'usf] ;j{>i] 7 u|Gy jf zf:q j]b xf] eg] q]tf o'usf] dxfg\
u|Gy /fdfo0f xf] . lsgeg] /fd/fHosf] Oltxf; /fdfo0fn] JoSt ub{5 .
Tolt a]nfsf dxfk'?if dof{bfk'?iff]Qd >L/fd x'g' \ . /fdfo0f pg}sf] ufyf
ufpg] u|Gy jf P]ltxfl;s b:tfa]h xf] eGg ;lsG5 . To;} u/L cGbfh ub},{
x]b{} ubf{ a'em\g ;lsG5 dxfef/t åfk/o'usf] k|dv ' u|Gy xf] . of] o'usf
;j{>i] 7 gfos eujfg\ b]jsLgGbg >Ls[i0f x'g\ . dxfef/t pg}sf o'udf
ePu/]sf sfds'/fx¿sf] lj:t[t aofg xf] . o; u|Gydf vf; u/]/ ef/tLo
d'ns ' sf ef}uf]lns j0f{g tyf ToxfFsf gbL gfnf afl;Gbf cflb ;a} ljifosf]
j0f{g 5 . Tolt a]nfsf /fHo, /fhf, /hf}6f tyf ;dfGo hgtfsf] ;d]t lrq
k|:t't u/]sf] 5 dxfef/tn] . To;}n] eGg} kb{5 o;sf] dlxdf ckf/ 5 .
dxfef/t lxGbLdf klg cg'jflbt 5 of] kfFrf} j]b¿kL dxfef/t k|foMh;f]
uLtfk]|;n] k|sfzgdf NofPsf] kfOPsf] 5 . g]kfndf eg] cfBf]kfGt cg'jfb
ul/Psf] u|Gy j;Gts'df/ zDdf{ g]kfnsf] g} xf] . o; cl3 o;/L ;Dk"0f{
dxfef/tsf] cg'jfb cGoaf6 eP u/]sf] b]lvGg, uBdf t emg\ 5Fb} 5}g
eGbf x'G5 . uBdf cg'jflbt of] u|Gy g]kfnhLsf lgldQ klg ;f/} dxŒjsf]
x'g;S5 sf/0f pxfFs} klg olt a[xbfsf/ u|Gy c? b]lvPsf 5}gg\ .
dxfef/t dxfk'/f0f jf dxfu|Gysf] af/]df xfn} k|f= d's'Gbz/0f
pkfWofon] ædxfef/t ;"lSt;'wfÆ gfdsf] Pp6f u|Gy k|sfzdf Nofpg'ePsf]
5, t/ To;df k"/fk"/ cg'jfb 5}g . dxfef/tdf /x]sf s]xL Znf]sx¿ 5fg]/
dxŒjk"0f{ Znf]sx¿nfO{ ;"lQmsf ¿kdf dL7f kB agfOPsf] 5, / g]kfnn]
h:tf] ;Dk"0f{ ¿kdf cyf{t\ oyf¿kdf cg'jfb u/L NofOPsf] xf]Og . o;/L x]bf{
j;Gts'df/ zDdf{ g]kfnnfO{ ;Dk"0f{ dxfef/t g]kfnL uBdf cg'jfb u/L
g]kfnL ;flxTo e08f/df lbg] k|yd k'?if g} dfGg ;lsg] xf] ls eg]/ eGbf
klg cltzof]lSt gx'g] ePsf] 5 .
dxfef/tsf] d"n hf] ;+:s[t efiffdf 5, ;f] ;n{Ss /fvL ;Fu;Fu}
lxGbLdf cy{ nufOPsf] u|GynfO{ uLtfk|; ] n] k|sflzt u/]sf]] a[xbfsf/sf]
s[ltsf] s'/f ubf{ Psb]lv ^ v08;Dd agfPsf] kfOPsf] 5 eg] j;Gts'df/
zDdf{ g]kfnn] uBdf cg'jfb u/]sf] u|Gysf rf/ efu ePsf] kfOPsf] 5 . of]
u|Gysf rf/} efusf k[i7;ª\Vof lx;fa u/]/ x]bf{ hDdf $*#^ k[i7 ePsf]
b]lvPsf] 5 . o:tf] u|Gy Ps hgf dflg;n] PSn} s;/L tof/ ug{ ;lsof]
of] ljifo klg sd dxŒjsf] 5}g . of] ;fgf] tk:ofn] x'g] s'/f klg xf]Og .
of] ;dLIfs oxL s'/fsf] cGbfh ug{ k6s k6s dxfg\ ;fws j;Gts'df/
zDdf{ g]kfnsf] lgjf;df k'us] f] lyof] . pxfFn] cfkm\gf] ;fwgfsIfdf nUg'eof] .
ToxfF b]lvPsf k':tsx¿ n]Vg] n]vgL nufotsf ;fdu|L b]Vbf o;nfO{
;dLIff–cª\s÷ 47
j} h oGtL–!#
nfu]sf] lyof] g]kfn ;fFRr}sf Jof; x'g\ . Tof] ;fwgfsIf ;fIfft\ Jof;b]js}
xf] . dgdg} o:tf] ljrf/ ul//x]sf] of] ;dLIfsnfO{ g]kfnhLn] h;/L cfkm\gf]
efO jf ;fyLh:tf] Jojxf/ ug'e{ of], Tof] klg o;nfO{ kRg g;Sg]h:t} ePsf]
lyof] . clxn] klg dnfO{ nflu/x]sf] 5 of] ;f/} 7"nf] / dxŒjk"0f{ sfd xf] .
dxfef/t s] xf] ‡ tT;DaGwdf s]xL rrf{ ug}{ kg]{ x'G5 . of] rrf{
ubf{ eGg} kb{5 dxfef/t Tof] o'usf] ;ª\u|fdL Oltxf; xf], hf] ;fwf/0f o'4
geP/ dxfo'4 xf] . To:tf] dxfo'4 To;cl3 ePsf] lyPg / To;kl5 klg
slxNo} x'g] 5}g . gxf]cf];\ klg eGg} kb{5, lsgeg] of] dxfo'4df slt
dflg;sf] Hofg uof] To;sf] s'g} n]vf]kfvf] 5}g, x'g ;Sb}g . /yL dxf/yL g}
klg w]/n} ] jL/ult kfPsf x'g\ . ;+;f/ jL/ k'?ifljxLg ePh:t} ePsf] xf]
eGg];d]t ePsf] xf] . of] o:tf] tLtf];To n'ss ] f] dxfo'4 lyof] . Oltxf; jf
o'4sf] sd{el" d ;Dk"0f{ ef/tLo d'ns ' g} x'g\ . Tolt a]nfsf dxfg\ gfos
eujfg\ b]jsLgGbg jf;'bj] >Ls[i0f g} x'g\ . o; ljifodf ljåfg\x¿ eGb5g\
dxfef/t o'4cl3 k[YjLn] wfGg d'l:sn x'g] u/L dfgj–;fu/ ag]sf] lyof] .
dxfef/t o'4kl5 k[YjLsf] af]em x6]sf] xf] . clg ;+;f/df slno'un] cfkm\gf]
cflwkTo hdfPsf] klg xf] . clxn] xfdL slno'udf afFlr/x]sf 5f}+ . clxn]
Tolt a]nfsf h:tf dxfg\ of]4fsf] cefj g} 5 . To;} u/L dxfg\ zf:qj]Qf
tyf a'l4hLjL;d]tsf] cefjdf ;+;f/ /x]sf] 5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf Tolt
a]nfsf dxfg\ u|Gyx¿sf] cWoog ul/g' clt h?/L lyof] / 5 . t;y{ tL
u|Gyx¿ g]kfnL efiffdf cg'jfb ul/g' clt h?/L ePs} sf/0f of] u|Gy
cg'jfb ug{ k/]sf] cj:yf lyof] . Tof] o'usf] cfjZostfsf] dx;'; u/L of]
sfddf ljåfg\x¿ nfUg k/]sf] x'Fbf g]kfnhL nfUg k/]sf] xf] eGg ;lsG5 .
;flxTo ;dfhsf] P]gf eg] h:t} ;flxTosf/ ;dfhsf cu'jf x'g\ .
pgLx¿ ;j{k|yd ;dfh k9\5g\ . ;dfhsf] cfjZostf kQf nufP/ ;dfh
lxtsf sfd s'/fdf cfk"mnfO{ nufpF5g\ . s;/L ;dfh ljsl;t x'G5 /
;dfhn] ;j{;fwf/0fsf] lxt s;/L ug{ ;S5 eGg] ljifodf uDeL/ x'g] ub{5g\ .
To;}n] ;flxTosf/af6 l;h{gf ul/Psf] c;n ;flxTodf ;fdflhs cfTdfsf]
af; x'G5 . of] cyf{t\ ;flxTolagfsf] ;dfh cfTdflagfsf] x'G5 / vNnf] x'G5
t;y{ o;n] ;do ;dodf ug{ kg]{ ;fdflhs ljsf;sf sfo{ cl3 a9fpg
;Sb}g . g]kfndf sl/a sl/a To:t} cj:yf clxn] 5 . Tof] cj:yfaf6
g]kfnnfO{ p4f/ gu/L gx'g] eP/ clxn] g]kfnL ;flxTosf/x¿ o; sfo{df
v6\g yfn]sf 5g\ . sf]xL df}lns ;flxTo lgdf{0fdf v6]sf 5g\ eg] sf]xL k'/fgf
dxŒjk"0f{ u|Gyx¿sf] cg'jfbdf nfu]sf 5g\ . sf]xL gofF gofF s'/fsf] cg';Gwfgdf
klg h'6s ] } cj:yf 5 . xfd|f jof]j[4 jl/i7 ;flxTosf/ j;Gts'df/ zDdf{
g]kfn df}lns ;flxTo tyf cg'jfb ;flxTo b'jt} km{ v6]/ nfUg] dxfk'?if x'g\
eGg ;lsG5 . pgsf df}lns tyf cg'jfb ;flxTo cfpg' / cfO/xg' o;s}
kmn xf] . of] uB dxfef/t o;s} pbfx/0f xf] .
dxfef/t Pp6f /fhkl/jf/af6 ;'? eP/ /fHo / To;sf] cf;kf;sf
/fHox¿ tyf ToxfFsf ljåfg\;lxt ;j{;fwf/0f hgtf;Dd k'us ] f] ljifo xf] .
48÷;dLIff–cª\s
j} h oGtL–!#
dxlif{ k/fz/ cfkm\gf] ofqfdf lyP . Pp6f gbL kf/ x'g kg]{ lyof] pgnfO{ .
gbL kf/ u/fpg] 8'Fuf rfns ;+of]un] Pp6L lszf]/L lyOg\ . 8'Fufdf ClifnfO{
tfg]{ sfd x'Fbfx'Fb} Clifdf sfdf]Qh ] gfn] ;tfof] . pgn] lszf]/L;Fu sfdjf;gf
k"lt{ ug]{ k|:tfj /fv] . sGofn] cfkm\gf] cj:yfsf] Vofn u/fOg\ . sfdf]Qh ] gfdf
/x]sf Clif h;/L klg sfdjf;gf k"/f ug]{ cj:yfdf k'us ] f x'Fbf sGofnfO{
s'g} ;d:of gx'g] u/fpg jrga4 ePkl5 sfdf]Qh ] gf k"0f{ ug]{ ;xdtL eof] . of]
lqmofaf6 hGdg] lzz'nfO{ cfdf cyf{t\ sGofn] kfngtfng;d]t ug{ gkg],{
afns :jo+ x'sg{ ] / 7"nf] ljåfg\ x'g] s'/f atfP/ Clif cfkm\gf] af6f] nfu] .
sGofn] k'q k}bf u/]/ ao/sf] em\ofªdf kmflnlbOg\ . Tof] aRrf cfkm}+ x'Sof]{ .
p;sf] cfk\mg} tk:of / ldxg]tn] Tof] aRrf dxlif{ Jof; x'g k'Uof] .
/fhf ;fGtg' / ;fGtg'sL kTgL uª\ufn] Pp6f 5f]/f];lxt /fhf
;fGtg'nfO{ Tofu]sL lyOg\ . Ps lbg l;sf/df hfFbf tL sGof -hf] klxn] g}
ClifkTgL eP/ Jof;nfO{ hGd lbO;s]sL lyOg\_;Fu /fhfsf] e]6 eof] . /fhf
tL sGof;Fu df]lxt eP, t/ ljjfx ug{ ;s]sf lyPgg\, lsgeg] pgsf Pp6f
5f]/f lyP . /fhf lrGtfn] u|:t ePsf] s'/f ;fj{hlgs ePkl5 pgsf 5f]/fn]
/fhf lrGtfdf x'gfsf] sf/0f kQf nufpb} hfFbf ljifo :ki6 ePkl5 tL s]6L
dfuL cfkm\gf lktfsf] ljjfx u/fpg 5f]/f nfu] . /fhfsL /fgL x'g,] t/ pgsf
5f]/fn] /fhf x'g gkfpg] cj:yfdf cfk"mn] /fhf;Fu ljjfx gug]{ s'/f
sGofkIfn] u/]kl5 /fhs'df/n] pgs} 5f]/fnfO{ /fhf agfpg] ljZjf; lbnfpFbf
klg pgsf z]ifkl5sf] s'/f cfof] . cfkm\gf lktfsf lgldQ /fhs'df/ b]jj|tn]
cfk"m cfhLjg cljjflxt /xg] s7f]/ k|lt1f;d]t u/]kl5 /fhfsf] ljjfx
eof] . Tof] k|lt1f ug]{ /fhs'df/ b]jj|t kl5 eLid ag] / cem kl5 eLidlktfdx
ag] . ;fGtg';Fu ljjfx ug]{ gf/L x'g\ ;TojtL .
;fGtg' tyf ;TojtLsf 5f]/fsf ;Gtfg ePgg\ . pgLx¿sf 5f]/fsf
;Gtfg gePkl5 dxf/fgL ;TojtLn] cfk"mn] hGdgf;fy Tofu]sf 5f]/f hf]
dxlif{ e} ;s]sf lyP, pgnfO{ af]nfO{ ;d:of atfOg\ . dxlif{n] cfkm}n]
;TojtLsf a'xf/Laf6 ;Gtfgf]Tkfbg u/fP . dxlif{sf] jLo{af6 h]7f ;Gtfg
eP/ w[t/fi6«sf] hGd eof] . pgL eg] cGwf lyP . bf];|f] k'qsf ¿kdf kf08'sf]
hGd eof] . w[t/fi6«sf ;o 5f]/f eP . kl5 tL ;o efO sf}/j elgP . kf08'sf
kfFr k'q eP, hf] kf08j eg]/ k'sfl/P . kl5 kf08j / sf}/jsf aLr /fHosf]
xfgfyfk eof] . x'bF fx'bF f /fHos} lgx'dF f dxfef/t o'4 ePsf] xf] . of] o'4 ;f/}
eofjx ePsf] x'Fbf To;sf] P]ltxfl;s j0f{g klg rfgr'g] gx'g] g} eof] . ToxL
j0f{g xf] dxfef/t . dxfef/t o'4sf k|dv ' kfqx¿sf] gfd lng] ul/G5 –
w[t/fi6«, kf08', eujfg\ >Ls[i0f, s0f{, ljb'/, kfFr kf08j, sf}/jx¿, dxlif{
j]bJof;, zs'gL, u'? b|f0] ffrfo{, s'nu'? s[kfrfo{, cZjTyfdf cflb . oxfF
plNnlvt dxfk'?ifsf cnfjf Tolt a]nfsf cf;kf;sf /fhf dxf/fhf ;]gf
a'l4hLjL ;f/fsf ;f/f of] o'4df ;fd]n ePsf / jL/ult kfPsf x'g\ . Tolt
a]nfsf gf/Lkfqx¿df u0fgf ubf{ dxf/fgL ;TojtL, dxf/fgL s'GtL, dxf/fgL
ufGwf/L, s'njw' b|fk} bL cflbsf] gfd lng'kb{5 . logLx¿sf] ;d]t sf/0f of]
;dLIff–cª\s÷ 49
j} h oGtL–!#
o'4 ePsf] xf] eg] klg km/s kb}g{ t;y{ logLx¿sf] gfd cfpF5, cfpg}
kb{5 . oL ;a} / ;a}sf lqmofsnfkdf dxfef/tsf] syfj:t' 3'ds ] f] 5 . of] olt
Jofks 5, h;sf] h/f w]/} 6f9f 6f9f;Dd km}lnPsf 5g\ . ;a} j0f{g
dxfef/tdf ePsf] x'Fbf of] u|Gy ljzfnsfosf] ePsf] xf] .
dxfef/t a[xt\ 5 / of] ;f/} dxŒjk"0f{ 5 . o;leq lj1fg 5,
Oltxf; 5 / wd{ /x]sf] 5 . o;s]} d'6' >Ldbeujb\uLtf xf] . uLtfnfO{
clxn]sf] ljZjn] Pp6f ;f/} 7"nf] dxŒj af]ss ] f] u|Gysf ¿kdf l:jsf/]sf] 5 .
elgG5 oxfFleq ;+;f/ 5 cyjf ;+;f/leq /x]/ klg of] u|Gy cem} dfly 5 .
of] u|Gy clxn] ;+;f/e/ k'us ] f] / ;+;f/n] dfg]sf] cj:yfdf /x]sf] 5 . j}lbs
wdf{jnDaLx¿ o;sf] k"hf u5{g\ . kf7 u5{g\ / hfGg]x¿ ;j{ ;fwf/0f
hgtfdf o;nfO{ k'¥ofpg k|jrg cflb ug]{ ub{5g\ . uLtf–;d'bfo g} ag]sf]
5 . uLtfsf] cg'jfb ;+;f/sf k|fo ;a} efiffdf ePsf] 5 . elgG5, o;sf]
cg'jfb dfq ^))) -5 xhf/_ eGbf a9L ePsf] 5 . o;nfO{ huHhggL;Dd
eGg] ljåfg\ klg e]l6Psf 5g\ . of] uLtfsf] pbo o'4zf:qsf ¿kdf ePsf]
xf] eGg ;lsG5 . uB dxfef/tdf uLtfsf] ;d]t cg'jfb x'g k'us ] f] kfOG5 .
dxfef/t dxfsfJo ;f/} 7"nf] u|Gy x'gfsf sf/0f o;sf ljifo klg
w]/} x'g] g} eP . w]/} ljifonfO{ ;f/f+z dfq lgsfNg kbf{ klg w]/} g} x'G5 . oxfF
;lj:tf/ cyf{t\ h:tfsf] t:t} cg'jfb ePsf] x'Fbf ljefhgsf] s'g} tl/sf
ckgfpg kg]{ eP/ ljefhgsf] gofF tl/sfsf] cjnDag ul/Psf] b]lvg
cfPsf] 5 . o;sf] ljefhg ubf{ kj{, cWofo / Znf]sdf ljefhg u/]sf]
kfOPsf] 5 . j;Gts'df/ zDdf{ g]kfnsf] k':ts hf] dxlif{ Jof;/lrt dxfef/tsf]
uB dxfef/t egL gfds/0f ul/Psf] 5 . ;Dk"0f{ dxfef/tnfO{ uB dxfef/t
!, @, #, $ u/L rf/ v08df ljefhg ul/Psf] b]lvG5 . oL rf/cf]6} 7]nL
a[xbfsf/sf 5g\ . rf/dWo]sf] klxnf] 7]nLdf hDdf # -tLg_ efu agfOPsf]
5 . oL tLg efudf klxnf] efu hf] 5 To;nfO{ cflbkj{ elgPsf] 5 . o;df
dxfef/tsf] e"ldsf, clwsf+z ljifo;"rL, kf7sf] dlxdfaf6 ;'? u/]/ OGb|sf]
s[i0ffh'g{ nfO{ j/bfg;Dd ;hfOPsf] 5 . o;leq @## cWofo c6fOPsf 5g\ .
$$^ k[i7 o;df /x]sf 5g\ . bf];|f] qmddf /x]sf] 5 æ;efkj{Æ . ;efkj{df
;eflqmof kj{, >Ls[i0fsf] cf1fn] don] ;efejg lgdf{0f ;'? ug'{b]lv
w[t/fi6«sf] lrGtf / ;~hol;t s'/fsfgL;Dd *! -Psf;L_ cWofo;Dd
;hfOPsf] 5 . oxfF hDdf !&( k[i7 ;hfOPsf] kfOPsf] 5 . t];|f] kj{ jgkj{
xf] . jgkj{df kf08j–jgudg, k|df0fsf]6L tLy{df /fqLaf;af6 c1ft -u'Kt_
af; lgldQ cg'dlt lnFbf zf]sfs'n ag]sf o'lwli7/nfO{ dxlif{ wf}Don] ;Demfpg',
eLd;]gn] pT;fx lbg' / cf>ddf k/ 5]plt/ uP/ kf08jx¿ ;Nnfx ug{
a:g';Dd #!%-tLg;o kGw|_ cWofo /flvPsf] 5 . of] efun] hDdf ^)% k[i7
cf]u6]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 .
dxfef/t sfn gf/fo0fflb b]jb]jLx¿sf] dfGotfdf /xg] sfn xf] . of]
;dodf h'g;'s} sfo{sf] klg yfngL ubf{ klxn] gf/fo0fflb b]jtfx¿sf]
k|fy{gf u/]/ ug]{ ul/GYof] . o;f] ubf{ cfkm\g' sfd ;DkGg x'G5 eGg] dfGotf
50÷;dLIff–cª\s
j} h oGtL–!#
lyof] . wd{df 7"nf] ljZjf; lyof] eg] klg x'G5 . To;}n] Jof;b]j/lrt
dxfef/tsf] ;'?d} o:tf] Pp6f kB /x]sf] 5 –
gf/fo0f+ gd:s[To g/+ r}j g/f]Qdd\
b]jL+, ;/:jtL+, Jof;+ ttf] ho d'bL/o]t\ .Æ
o;sf] cg'jfb j;Gts'df/ zDdf{ g]kfnn] o;/L ug'e{ Psf] 5 –
;j{k|yd gf/fo0fnfO{ clg g/f]Qd g/nfO{ clgkl5 b]jL ;/:jtLnfO{
/ Jof;b]jnfO{ gd:sf/ u/]kl5 ho -dxfef/tk'/f0f_ k9\g yfNg'k5{ .
cflbkj{sf] @* cf}+ Znf]s –
Jof; – cnª\s[t+ z'eM} zAb}M ;do}lb{Jodfg'if}M
5Gbf]j[QZ} r ljljw}/lGjt+ ljb'iff+ k|od\ .. -uLtf k|;
] _
ox z'e -nlnt Pj+ dËndo_ zAbljGof;;] cnª\s[t x} tyf j}lbs
nf}lss of ;+:s[t k|fs[t ;ª\st] f]; + ] ;'zf]let x} . cg'i6'k\, OGb|ah|f cflb
gfgf k|sf/s] 5Gb eL O;d] k|oQ' m x'P x}+ . ctM ox u|Gy ljåfgf]s + f] ax't xL
lk|o x} .
d'sG' bz/0f – sljtf 5g\ oxfF 5Gb cnª\sf/ ;'zf]let
clg zAb k/]sf 5g\ lbJo, nf}lss ;+:s[t .
j;Gts'df/ M a|fXd0f -a|Xd1fg x'gx] ¿_ låh -;+:sf/ kfpg]_x¿
o;sf] cWoog cWofkg ug]{ u/fpg]5g\, dgdf /fVg]5g\ . z'esf/L
zAbljGof;n] ubf{, j}lbs / nf}lss jf ;+:s[t / k|fs[t ;ª\st] / ;Gb]zn]
ubf{ clg ljleGg 5Gb k|of]un] ubf{ of] u|Gy cnª\s[t ;'zf]let / ax'lk|o
aGg cfPsf] 5 . cflbkj{ ^@ cf}+ cWofosf] lqkGgf}+ Znf]s Ps k6s x]/f}+ –
Jof;b]j wd]r{ fy]{ r sfd] r df]If] r e/tif{e
olbxfl:t tbGoq oGg]xfl:t g tt\ Sjlrt\ .
d's'Gbz/0f wdf{y{ sfd cf} df]If oL rf/ tŒjdf klg
oxfF h] 5 5 To} cGt h] 5}g 5}g Tof] sxLF .
j;Gts'df/ M o; u|Gydf wd{, cy{, sfd, df]Ifaf/] h] hlt s'/f 5g\,
tL ;a cGo u|Gydf klg 5g\, t/ o;df h] 5}g Tof] cGoq sxLF klg 5}g .
cyf{t\ dxfef/t u|Gydf wdf{y{ sfd df]If;DaGwL ;a} yf]s 5g\ . &$ cf}+
cWofosf] kltkTgL;DaGwL Pp6f k|;Ë –
;';D/Jwf]lk /fdf0ff+ g s'of{blk|o+ g/M
/lt+ k|Llt+r wd{+ r tf:jfo]Qdj]If lx ..%!..
-cfTdgf]wl{ dlt >f}t+ ;f/Ifltwg+k|hf
z/L/+ nf]sofqf+ j} wd{+ :ju{d[ifLg\lkt\b[g\_
cfTdgf] hGdgM If]q+ k'0o+ /fdfM ;gftgd\
CifL0ffdlk sf zlQmM ;|i6'+ /fdfd[t] k|hfd\ ..%@..
oL Znf]sx¿sf] lxGbL cg'jfb 5 æ/lt, k|Llt tyf wd{ kTgLs] xL cwLg
x}, P];f ;f]rs/ k'?ifsf] rflxP ls jx s'lkt xf]gk] / eL kTgLs] ;fy sf]O{
clk|o at{fj g s/] . kTgL ckgf cfwf c+u x}, ox >'ltsf jrg x} . jx wg, k|hf,
z/L/, nf]sofqf, wd{, :ju{, Clif tyf lkt/ Og ;asL /Iff s/tL x} . l:qofF
;dLIff–cª\s÷ 51
j} h oGtL–!#
klts] cfTdfs] hGd n]gs ] f ;gftg k'0o If]q x} . Clifof]d+ ] eL Sof zlSt x}
ls lagf :qL ;Gtfg pTkGg s/ ;s] .
j;Gts'df/sf] g]kfnL cg'jfb o:tf] 5 æk'?ifn] kTgL l/;fPd} klg
p;k|lt s'g} clk|o Jojxf/ ug'x{ G' g eGg] ;f]Rg'k5{ k'?if x'F eGg rfxg]
dflg;n] . kTgL cfkm\g} cfwf cª\u xf] . of] t >'lts} jrg xf], :d[lts}
jfSof+z xf] . kTgL wgsf], k|hfsf], z/L/sf], nf]sofqfsf], wd{sf], :ju{sf],
Clifsf] / lkt[u0f ;a}sL /lIfsf aGb5] . kltsf cfTdfn] hGd lng] ;gftg
k'0oIf]q xf] kTgL g} . Clifx¿df klg s'g zlSt To:tf] 5 / < hf] :qL -kf]yL_
If]q -ynf]_ geO{sg ;Gtfg pTkGg ug{ u/fpg ;s"g\ .Æ
dxfef/tdf Jojxf/f]kof]uL ctL{ pkb]zx¿ klg 7fpF 7fpFdf /x]sf
5g\ . pgf;Lof}+ cWofosf] kGw|f+} Znf]s o:tf] 5 –
cjdfgdjfKgf]lt zg}gL{ri] f' ;ª\utM
jfS;fosf jbgflGgiktlGt
o} /fxtMzf]rlt /fq\oxflg
zg}bv {' + z:q ljifflUg hftd\
tfg\ kl08tf] gfj;[hT] k/]if' ..
;+/f]xlt z/}lj{4+ jg+ k/z'gfxtd\
jfrf b'?Qm+ aLeT;+ g ;+/f]xlt jfSIftd\ .
lxGbL cg'jfbn] eg]sf] 5, gLr k'?if]f+ s] ;+u;] dg'io lw/] lw/]
ckdflgt xf] hftf x} . d'v;] hf] s6' jrg¿kL af0f 5'6t] x},+ pg;] cfxt
xf]s/ dg'io /ftlbg zf]sd] 8'jf /xtf x} . z:q ljif cf} clUg;] k|fKt
xf]gj] fnf b'Mv zg}M zg}M cg'ejf]d+ +] cftf x} . ctM ljåfg\ k'?ifsf] rflxP sL
jx b';/f]k+ / jfuafF0f g 5f]8] . afF0f;] aLwfx'cf j[If cf}/ km/;];] sf6f x'cf
hª\un lkm/ kgk hftf x}, jf0fLåf/f hf] eofgs s6'jrg lgsntf x}, p;]
3fon x'P x[bosf 3fj lkm/ gxL+ e/tf .
j;Gts'df/ zDdf{ g]kfnsf] cg'jfbn] eg]sf] 5 – glrsf] ;ª\ut
ugf{n] dflg; la:tf/la:tf/} ckdflgt x'Fb} hfG5 . d'vaf6 s6' jrg¿kL
hf] afF0f 5'65\ g\, tL afF0faf6 3fOt] ePsf] dflg; /ftf] lbg zf]sdf 8'la/xG5 .
xltof/, ljZj / cfuf]af6 ldNg] b'Mv la:tf/ la:tf/} cg'ej u5{g\ . o;}n]
ljåfg\ JolStn] c?nfO{ s6' jrg af]Ng} x'Gg . afF0f ufl8Psf] ?v / aGr/f]n]
sfl6Psf] ?v km]l/ knfpg ;S5, lsGt' arg¿kL afF0f hf] eofgs s6'jrg
jf afUafF0fn] 3fOt] dfG5]sf] vf8n -3fp_ km]l/ el/g jf k'l/g jf 6flng jf
knfpg ;St}g . of] s'/f] d'sG' bz/0fn] Pp6f kBdf o;/L JoSt u/]sf 5g\
a~r/f] af0f nfu]sf] knfpnf a? ag
af]nLsf] af0f nfu]sf] knfpGg s;} dg .
uB dxfef/tsf] cg'jfbdf cg'jfbsn] ;efkj{ / jgkj{sf] cem
uDeL/tfk"js
{ cg'jfb u/]sf] b]lvg cfPsf] 5 . x]/f}+ zDdf{sf cg'jfb snf –
j}zDkfogn] eg] ædxf/fh, k/dk"hgLo eujfg\ >Ls[i0fk]d| L kf08jåf/f
lgTo ;Ddflgt eP/ cfgGb;fy a;] . lgSs} ;dokl5 lktfsf] ;Demgf eP/
52÷;dLIff–cª\s
j} h oGtL–!#
sdngog eujfg\n] wd{/fh o'lwli7/ / /fhdftf s'GtL;Fu labf eO{
vf08jk|:yaf6 åf/sf hfg] ljrf/ u/] . hub\aGw' s[i0fn] km'k" s'GtLb]jLsf
r/0f–jGbgf u/] / s'GtLn] lz/ ;'F3/] cª\sdfn ul/g\ clg alxgL ;'eb|f;Fu
e]6\g uP . dfofn] ubf{ pgsf cfFvf /;fpg yfn] clg dª\undo / lxt;To
af]nL af]Ng] alxgL ;'eb|f;Fu eujfg\n] o'lQmo'Qm csf6\o k|of]hgjfnf jrgn]
cfk"m åf/sf hfg'kg]{ s'/f atfP . ;'eb|fn] k6sk6s bfh'nfO{ ;Ddfg /
k|0ffd ub}{ :jhgx¿nfO{ eGg'kg]{ ;Gb]z ;'gfOg\ . o;/L ;'eb|fnfO{ k|;Gg
kf/L labf lnP/ hgfb{g b|fk} bL / wf}Do d'lg;Fu e]6 u/L cg'dlt lnO{
ch'g{ ;lxt cGo bfh'efO ePsf 7fpFdf k'u] . kfFrefO kf08jsf dfemdf x'Fbf
ljBfjfg\ Pj+ anjfg\ >Ls[i0f b]jtfx¿sf dfemsf OGb|em} + zf]let x'Gy] clg
u?8Wjh s[i0fn] ofqfsfnsf lglDt :gfg u/]/ cnª\sf/ klxl/Pkl5
zf]8iff]krf/n] b]jtf / a|fXd0fsf] k"hf u/] . ;a 7Ls ePkl5 cGtMk'/af6
lg:s]/ /fhejgaf6 aflx/ lg:s]kl5 a|fXd0fx¿n] :jl:tjfrg u/] / a|fXd0fnfO{
k"hf, ;Ddfg, blIf0ff lbO{ kl/qmdf u/] . -;efkj{ bf];|f] cWofo !,!# _
j}zDkfogn] eg] æ/fhg\, o; lsl;dn] dGqLx¿;d]tsf b'/fTdf
w[t/fi6«k'qåf/f h"jfdf x/fP/ qm'4 kfl/Psf s'GtLs'df/ xl:tgfk'/af6
lg:s] . aw{dfgk'/kl6\6sf] gu/åf/af6 lg:s]/ z:qwf/L kf08jx¿n] b|f} kbL;d]t
pQ/d'vL eP/ ofqf cf/De u/] . OGb|;g] cflb rf}weGbf a9\tf ;]jsx¿
cfkm\gf :qLx¿nfO{ ;d]t /y/ydf a;fO{ kf08jsf kl5kl5 lx8] . kf08j
jglt/ nfu]sf 5g\ eGg] hfg]kl5 xl:tgfk'/jf;Lx¿ zf]sk"0f{ eO{ slQ klg
8/e/ glnO{ eLid, ljb'/, b|f0] f, s[kfrfo{sf] af/Daf/ lgGbf ub}{ cfk"m cfk"mdf
e]63f6 ub}{ o;/L eGg yfn] -jgkj{ klxnf] cWofo (==!@ Znf]s_
sf]zsf/ g]kfnsf] uB dxfef/t !–$ sf] e"ldsf k|f=8f= j]0fLdfwj
9sfn, 8f= xl/eQm Gof}kfg], /fh]Zj/ b]jsf]6f, ljb'/ kf}8n ] , k|f= lzjuf]kfn
l/;fn cflb ljåfg\x¿n] n]vs ] f 5g\, o; qmddf ljåfg\ k|f=8f= j]0fLdfwj
9sfnn] cfkmgf] e"ldsfdf n]v]sf 5g\ æj]bJof;sf ;f/:jt ;fwgfsf]
k'0okmnsf ¿kdf ;+;f/n] k|fKt u/]sf] u|Gy/Tg dxfef/tsf] ef/tLo
pkdxfåLksf cg]s efiffx¿df cg'jfb ePsf] 5 . dxfef/tleqsf] cfTdtŒj
dflgg] >Ldb\eujb\uLtfsf] eg] ljZjsf cg]s efiffx¿df cg'jfb ul/Psf]
kfOG5 . g]kfnL efiffdf dxfef/tsf] cg'jfb ug]{ k|of; gePsf] xf]Og . ;'Aaf
xf]dgfy Pj+ s]bf/gfysf dxfef/tsf] g]kfnLdf kBfg'jfbdf 5Gbsf lgod
/ cGTofg'k|f;sf] cfu|xsf sf/0f ck]lIft sltko ljifo 5'6g\ ' / cgk]lIft
sltko ljifo h'6g\ ' :jfefljs} g} xf] . rqmkfl0f rfln;]åf/f /lrt ;ª\lIfKt
dxfef/t g]kfnL efiff–e08f/df lelqPsf] ;'Gb/ / ;f/ule{t s[lt xf] . Tof]
klg gfdcg';f/ cToGt ;ª\lIfKt ePsfn] ;du| dxfef/tnfO{ h:tfsf]
t:t} k|ltlalDjt u/fpg ;dy{ ePg . ljhofgGb, ejfgLbQ kf08], s[i0fk|;fb
/]UdL, xl/ljqmd yfkf, /fdk|;fb ;Tofn / d'sG' bz/0f pkfWofosf dxfef/
t;Fu ;Da4 g]kfnL efiffdf n]lvPsf s[ltx¿df d"NojQf / dxQf /x] klg
dxfef/tLo k"0f{tf eg] kfOFbg} . xfn} cfP/ slj d'sG' b zdf{ rfln;]sf]
;dLIff–cª\s÷
53
j} h oGtL–!#
dxfef/t rDk" k|sflzt ePsf] 5 . To;n] dxfef/tsf dxgLo ljifox¿;Fu
kf7snfO{ ;'kl/lrt u/fpF5, t/ ;a} ljifo;Fu eg] xf]Og . cg'jfbs >L
j;Gts'df/ zDdf{ g]kfnsf] k|:t't uB dxfef/t ;Dk"0f{ ;+:s[t dxfef/tsf]
zAbfg'jfbsf ¿kdf cfPsfn] ;jf{Ë ;DkGg 5 . g]kfnL efiffsf kf7s /
g]kfnL efiff–u|Gysf/sf nflu of] dxQd pknlAw xf] .
7Ls} eGg'ePsf] 5 9sfnhLn] of] uB dxfef/t ;f/} pkof]uL eP/
cfPsf] 5 . o;sf] csf]{ sf/0f s] klg 5 eg] uLtf k|; ] af6 lxGbL cg'jfb;lxt
cfPsf] u|Gy ;+:s[t / lxGbL Ps} 7fpFdf ePsf]n] k9\g cK7]/} nfUbYof] .
o;df ;/// g]kfnL dfq ax]sf]n] Tof]eGbf of] u|Gy ;/n / ;lhnf] eP/
cf}kGofl;s z}nLdf cfPsf] 5 . km]l/ o;df cg'jfbs dxf]bon] Znf]s
Znf]ssf] cg'jfb gu/]/ ljifo klxrfg ub}{ PseGbf a9L klg rf/ kfFr
Znf]s / ;f]eGbf a9L agfP/ klg uB agfPsf 5g\ . o;af6 k9\g ;lhnf]
/ :jfb ePsf] cg'ej x'G5 . ToxLF ;+:s[t, ToxLF lxGbL, ToxLF ;+:s[t, ToxLF
g]kfnL x'Fbf cK7]/f] k/]s} x'GYof] . oxfF t ;/// k9\g kfOg] ePsf] 5 . s;}nfO{
k|df0f rflxP d"n dxfef/t vf]h/] k9\] x'G5 cGoyf oxL k9\bf x'G5 .
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54÷;dLIff–cª\s
j} h oGtL–!#
clwsf/ cfjZostfsf] ofqf sxfFaf6 cf/De x'G5 <
/fh]Gb| ;'jb] L
clwsf/sf gfddf ukm ug]{ / clwsf/sf] ;xh ;+j]bgfsf s'/f
ug]x{ ¿sf] nfdf] nx/sf] Oltxf; ljBdfg 5 . t/ dfgj hLjgsf lglDt
ef}lts ;+;f/sf cg]sfg]s ;Eotfsf Oltxf; / ltgsf cg]sf}F kIfx¿sf,
;f+:s[lts / ;fdflhs kIfx¿sf ljifosf cfotgdf l;ª\u} kIfx¿sf
d"Nosf] cGj]if0f ubf{ s] s'/fsf] lgisif{ lgl:sG5 eg] dfgj ;Eotfsf]
Oltxf;sf] nfdf] z[ª\vnfdf k|s[lt hut\sf] ;[li6 ;+/rgfsf] Jojl:yt
lgod /x]sf] 5 . dfG5] k|f0fLsf] hLjg / hut\sf ultsf kIfsf] k|lqmofsnfO{
;+:ff/sf] Pp6f k/Dk/f cfkm}df ;dfof]lht ePsf] s'/f klg k|fs[lts
lgodsf cg'aGw leq g} ;+;f/ kl/rflnt /x]sf] oyfy{ klg o; ;Gbe{df
ljBdfg /x]sf] s'/f cfhsf] ef}lts ;+;f/sf] lgodn] k'li6 ul/;s]sf] 5 .
k|ljlwsf] ljsf; cfh Jofks ¿kdf ePsf] 5 . k|s[ltsf zfZjt
lgodsf qmdnfO{ dfG5]n] clts|d0f ug{ yfn]kl5 eg] dfG5]s} k|fs[lts
hLjg / o;sf] ;~rfngsf] k|lqmofnfO{ ¿kdf sd zlStzfnL ePsf
ljutsf dfG5]df dfgl;s ;f]rsf] ;ª\sL0f{tfsf] cj:yf /x]sf] ljutsf]
k/Dk/fnfO{ cWoog ubf{ s] s'/fsf] cfsng ug{ ;lsG5 eg] dfgjLo
ljZjsf ef}lts hLjgsf ;+/rgfdf cfPsf lj1fg / k|ljlwsf k|efj /
ltgsf] pkof]usf sf/0faf6 dfG5]n] cfkm"nfO{ cfa4 ul/;s]kl5sf
l:yltx¿df k|f0fL hLjgut ljZjsf] ultdf b]lvg] ljsl;t ¿kdf b]lvg
cfPsf] k|;ª\u cfhsf] k|j[lQ ag]/ b]vf k/]sf] 5 . clwsf/sf k|Zgx¿sf
;Gbe{nfO{ Oltxf;sf sfn v08df eGbf klg cfw'lgs k|ljlwsf] ljsf;
eO;s]sf sfn v08d} a9L ljsf/u|:t ag]/ cfPsf] s'/f cfhsf] ljZjn]
a]xf]g{' k/]sf] 5 .
k|f0fLsf z/L/ leqsf sf]0f sf]0f / s0f s0fx¿ b]vfpg ;Sg] b[Zo
oGqx¿ cfh cflj:sf/ ePsf 5g\ . cfbz{ lIflth kf/Lsf / cGo u|x;Ddsf,
k[YjL / cGtl/If;Ddsf cg]sf}F tŒjx¿sf] cb[li6 :t/sf klg klxrfg u/L
kf/bzL{ b[ZoLs/0f ug]{ j}1flgs pks/0fx¿sf] ;d]t cfljisf/ eO;s]sf
cfhsf ljZjdf dfgjLo ;+j]bgsf cfGtl/s afXo kIfx¿sf :j¿ksf
;+oGqx¿sf s/fdtn] dfG5]nfO{ cToGt vt/gfs k|f0fLsf ¿kdf l;4 u/]sf]
5 . l/;OaL / k|ltzf]wsf b[li6n] dfgj]t/ k|f0fLdf cfTd/Iffsf] lglDt ul/g]
k|oTgeGbf afx]s k|ltzf]wsf ug]{ cfqmd0fsf/L rl/q x'Gg . dfG5] ;a}
k|f0fLdf k|ltzf]wsf b[li6n] vt/gfs k|f0fL l;4 ePsf] 5 . ;+;f/ s'g}
s'gfsf] dfG5]nfO{ lh:sofP/ s'g} gof / c1ft :yndf uP/ n'Sg] k|oTg u/]
;dLIff–cª\s÷ 55
j} h oGtL–!#
klg p;n] cfkm" hf]lug u/]sf k|oTgx¿ ;a} ljkmn x'g k'U' b5g\ . clxn] st}
s;}nfO{ cf3ft k'¥ofOof] eg] To;sf] k|ltzf]wdf Ps} l5gkl5 cfkm\gf]
sGr6df k8\lsg cfPsf] uf]nL vfg tof/ x'gk' 5{ . dfgj cltl/St cGo
hLjx¿ k|ltzf]wfTds cj:yfdf plqg] k|f0fL xf]Ogg\ eGg] s'/fx¿df xfdL
ljZjf; ub{5f}F . ljZjf;df pgLx¿ afFrs ] f x'G' 5g\ . dfG5] dfq Pp6f To:tf]
k|f0fL xf] h'g;'s} cj:yf cflbsf kIfx¿;Fu klg t ljifsf] 38f k|ltkfng
u/]sf] /x]sf] b]lvG5 . k|ltzf]w dfG5]n] afXo tŒj;Fu lng] ul/G5 / cfGtl/s
tŒj;Fu klg ul/G5 . cfkm\gf] ;'ljwf / :jfy{sf] lglDt k|s[ltsf zf:jt
lgod;Fu klg dfG5] k|ltzf]wsf lglDt tof/ ePsf] b]lvG5 . gbLsf k|jfx
/f]s/] cffˆgf] cg'sn " :jfy{sf ljifodf h'6\b5 . k[YjL / cGtl/Ifsf ;du|
sf]0f k|ltsf]0fsf ljifox¿ rxf5{ . u|x / pku|xsf] ;+;f/ 5fK5fKtL ljr/0f
ub{5, ANofsxf]nsf] /x:o klxNofpg ;dlk{t /xG5 .
dfG5] k|f0fLsf z/L/ ;+/rgfsf ef}lts / dfgl;s :gfoljs kIfx¿sf]
cGj]if0f ug]{ sfo{df lg/Gt/ h'l6/x]sf] x'G5 . ef}lts txsf ;a} l5b|x¿sf]
cg';Gwfgaf6 c;Gt'i6 ePkl5 dfgjLo ;+j]bgfsf cfGtl/s kIfx¿df
p;sf] Wofg s]lGb|t aGg k'Uof] . dfG5] cfkm}dF f Ps aa{/ / bfgjLo cfr/0fsf]
;To ag]/ cfkm} dfly vlgg] s'/f klg cfh dfG5]n] g} cGj]if0f u/]/ p;sf]
sdhf]/Lsf] lj:yfkg klg u/]sf] 5 . d'6' / ls8\gLsf] l:yltsf] cWoog, /ut
/ lk;fasf] l:yltsf] cWoog, lbdfu / dgfM:gfo'sf] cWoog, :jKg /
lj:d[ltsf] cWoog, lgb|f / tGb|fsf] cWoog, b[li6 / >'ltsf] cWoog, 3|f0f
/ :kz{sf] cWoog, Wjlg / cg'el" tsf] cWoog ub}{ uP/ d cfhsf] cj:yfdf
cfOk'us ] f] 5' eGg] af]wsf] ;Ldf klg pk:yfkg ePsf] 5 . dfG5]sf] cfGtl/s
;+jb] gfsf ljifosf] c;Lldt cWoogaf6 pm :jo+n] k|fKt u/]sf ljlzi6
k|flKtx¿sf] pkof]u / b'?kof]u u/]/ cfh :jfy{sf] lnK;fdf ?dlng k'us ] f]
5 . clwsf/ /Iffsf] slyt gf/fsf] cf8df nfvf}F dfG5]sf] xTof u/]/ Ps
hgfsf] /Iff ul/g' dfgj clwsf/sf] gfddf JofVof x'g yfn]sf] 5 . Ps
s'gfsf] ;du| k|fs[lts / ;f+:s[lts d"No Wj:t u/]/ csf]{ s'gfdf Pp6f
SofS6; pdfl/g' klg cfh clwsf/sf] JofVofdf /fVg yflNfPsf] 5 .
k|fs[ltsf] ;Gt'ngdf a]lylt cfO;Sbf klg dfG5]n] clwsf/sf] /6fgsf]
cf8df cfˆgf b'/frf/sf] af]w ul//x]sf] 5}g . o; caf]wtfleq hGd]sf
cgGt c;ª\ult / c;Gt'ngn] dfG5]nfO{ sd dfG5] / a9L hLjsf ¿kdf
:yflkt u/]sf] 5 . hGdeGbf klxn] g} e|0" f cj:yfdf dfG5]n] hGdg] To;
e|0" fn] eofgs b08sf] ;fdg ug'k{ g]{ cj:yfsf] kDk/fnfO{ cfhsf k|ljlwn]
ljs/fn / ljWj+;fTds cj:yfnfO{ k|fT] ;fxg u/]sf] 5 .
lj1fgsf] ljsf;n] dfG5]nfO{ j:t'sf] ¿k k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . dfG5]sf
cª\ux¿ k|s[ltn] pm :jo+sf] cl:tTj /Iffsf lglDt dfq pkxf/ :j¿k
k|bfg u/]sf] xf] . p;sf ;du| cª\ux¿df ;+of]hgx¿s} dfG5] cyjf s'g}
klg k|f0fLsf] cl:tTj cg'/lIft ePsf] 5 . d'6' / sn]hf] Psflt/ dfq 5,
56÷;dLIff–cª\s
j} h oGtL–!#
Tof] Pp6f dfq 5 hf]ufP/ /fv dfq eg]/ k|s[ltn] k|bfg u/]sf] xf]Og . b'O{
xft, b'O{ v'§f, b'O{ c08sf]z, b'O{ d[uf}nf, gfssf b'O{ Kjfn, b'O{ sfgsf
Kjfn, cfFvf cfª\lus ;Gt'ngsf lglDt dfq k|s[ltn] k|bfg u/]sf] xf] .
k|s[ltn] bfFt, xft uf]8fsf cf}Fnfx¿ lgs} a9L ;ª\Vofdf k|bfg u/]sf] 5 .
z/L/df /ut df;' / :gfo'sf cg]s dfqf k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . oL cª\ux¿
clgsfn nfUof] / cefj eof] eg] ;'qmL laqmL u/]/ cefj d]6\g ldN5 eg]/
dfG5]nfO{ lbPsf] xf]Og . of] t k|s[ltn] cfª\lus ;Gt'ngsf lglDt k|bfg
u/]sf] pkxf/ dfq xf] . of] ;Dk"0f{tfsf] l:ylt, cfª\lus ljGof;sf kIfx¿
k|ljlwsf] ljsf;sf sf/0f e|0" f cj:yfsf kIfx¿sf] d"Nofª\sg u/]/ dfG5]nfO{
cfh dfG5]n] g} hlGdg kfpg] ls gkfpg] af/]df lg0f{o ub{5 . uef{j:yfd}
dfG5]nfO{ dfG5] aGg glbP/ 5f]/f / 5f]/L agfpF5 . nf]Ug] / :jf:gL agfpF5,
clg dlxnf / k'?if agfpF5 . lg0ff{os e"ldsfdf dfG5]n] k'?if / gf/Lsf]
l:ylt k|bfg ub{5 .
;f+:s[lts / cfly{s ;+jb] gfx¿, /fhgLlts / wfld{s ;+jb] gfx¿sf]
cf8df dfG5]nfO{ hf]8tf]8sf ;fy dlxnf / k'?if agfP/ x]g{ yfN5 . dlxnf
x'gfn] x'g] cfly{s xflg h:t} ef/tLo kl/j]zdf ltns k|yfsf] ;d:ofsf
sf/0f e|0" f ktgsf] k/Dk/f, j}wtfsf / cj}wtfsf sf/0f klg e|0" f ktg ug]{
k/Dk/f, cfly{s ck/fwsf sf/0f klg e|\"0f ktg u/fpg] k/Dk/fn] dfG5]nfO{
dfG5]af6 dlxnf / k'?if ;Dd agfpg] k/Dk/f klg ljsl;t u/]sf] 5 . s[lif
/ kz' kfngsf] o'udf gf/L / k'? ' ifnfO{ x]l/g] b[li6sf], k'FhLjfbL / cfBf]l} us
o'udf gf/L / k'?ifnfO{ x]l/g] b[li6sf]0f / cfhsf] cGtu|x{ Lo / pku|xLo
o'udf dlxnf / k'?ifnfO{ x]l/g] b[li6sf]0fdf ljsl;t ePsf k/Dk/fx¿sf
z[ª\vnf 5'§} lsl;dn] ljsfl;t aGb} uPsf 5g\ . dlxnfsf] kf7]3/sf]
;'/If0f / To;sf] pkof]usf] cfhsf] b[li6sf]0f, k'?ifx¿sf] z'qmsL6 ;+/If0f
/ To;sf] Joj:yfkgsf] ;+:s[lt cfh pBf]usf] ¿kdf ljsl;t x'g nfu]sf]
cj:yf xfd|f ;fd' ljBdfg /x]sf] 5 . dT:okfngsf lglDt e'/f pTkfbgsf]
cj:yf, s'v/' f kfngsf lglDt Xofr/Lsf] Joj:yf cfhsf cy{ ;+:s[ltn]
ljsf; u/]sf] Joj:yf ;d]tsf] cGthf{tLo ;lDd>0faf6 ljleGg hLjx¿sf]
gjgj k|jt{g / k|hggsf] ;+:s[lt ljsf; u/]sf] l:ylt o; o'usf] Joj;fo
aGb} uPsf] b]lvG5 .
k'?if z'qmsL6 pTkfbgsf Joj;fosf] ;Defjgf klg lgs6 eljiod}
ljsl;t x'g] b]lvG5 . z'qmsL6sf] pTkfbg / To;sf] u'0f:t/sf] k/LIf0f /
To;sf] ljs;g Ifdtfdf x|f; cfpg glbg] b[li6n] ul/g] ;+/If0f nufotsf
sfo{x¿ klg ;Defljt sfo{ ;"rLsf ljifo ag]sf 5g\ . z'qmL6sf] pTkfbg
;Fu} hf]l8P/ cfpg] ljifodf To; z'qmsL6sf] kl/ro k"/} v'Ng] u/L clen]v
tof/ ug'k{ g]{ sfd klg lgs} a'l4dQfk"0f{ 9ª\un] ug}{ kg]{ l:ylt cfPsf] 5 .
clwsf/ sdL{x¿n] oxfFlg/ cfpFbf ;f]Rg'kg]{ ;dod} o;sf cfwf/e"t
k|fjwfgx¿sf] ;d'lrt Joj:yfkg ul/g'kg]{ l:ylt klg Ps} ;fy cfOk'us ] f]
;dLIff–cª\s÷ 57
j} h oGtL–!#
5 . z'qmsL6 s'g dfgj j+z k/Dk/fsf] cfo{ d"nsf] xf] ls dª\uf]n d"nsf]
xf] <, ls/ft d"nsf] xf] ls b|fla8 d"nsf] xf] ls <, lguf]| d"nsf] xf] ls
O:nfd d"nsf] xf] <, o;sf] Joj:yfkg klg cToGt ;ts{tf k"js { ul/g'k¥of] .
wd{sf b[li6n] lxGb" xf] ls O:Nffd xf], lxGb' <, To;} leq klg j}i0fj xf] ls
j}lbs ;gftg dfq xf] < O:nfdleq klg l;of xf] ls ;'lGg <, dª\uf]nleq
xfg\ xf] ls Ot/ <, ls|l:rog leq klg ox'bL xf] ls cGo <, clg To;} leq
klg cf]N8 6]:6fd]G6 xf] ls Go" 6]:6fd]G6sf] ;dy{s < Sofyf]lns xf] ls
k|f6] :] 6]G6 < o:tf dxŒjk"0f{ clen]vsf] tof/Lsf] cf/De / ;+/If0f cfhsf]
cj:yfdf ul/xfNg' kg]{ sfd ag]/ cfPsf 5g\ . cª\u ;+/rgfsf b[li6n] s'g
lsl;dsf] dfgj ;d'bfosf] ;+/If0f h?/L 5 / s'g rflxF nf]k eP klg vf;}
c;/ kb}g{ < s'g rflxF ;+/If0f gu/L x'Fbg} < pRrfO / xf]rfOsf b[li6n]
casf] ljZjnfO{ cfjZos kg]{ dfG5] s'g rflxF xf] / To;sf] ;ª\Vof slt
xf] clg To;sf] a[l4b/ s'g cg'kftdf eP/ hfg'k5{ < o; tkm{sf] cWoog
klg tLj| agfpg] l:ylt cfPsf] 5 .
s'g xfjfkfgLdf s:tf] dfG5] lg/f]uL lx;fan] vK5 / s'g ;dfhdf
s:tf] vfnsf] dfG5]sf] cfjZostf kb{5 < n}lª\lus lx;fan] slt dfG5]
gf/L / slt dfG5] k'?ifsf] cfjZostf 5 / gf/L k'?ifsf] cfjZostf slt /
s:tf] cfg'kflts b/sf] Joj:yfkg ug'{kb{5 < s] s'g} sfn v08df slt
gk'; + s dfG5]sf] cfjZostf kb{5 < To;sf] klg t Joj:yfkg ug'k{ b{5 . s'g
d'ns ' df afn pd]/sf] j[l4 b/ slt / s'g d'ns ' df cfly{s / ef}lts pGgltsf]
b/ slt ck]lIft 5 < o;sf] ;Gt'ngsf lglDt s'g s'g ;dodf dfq dfG5]sf]
pTkfbgsf] s] s:tf] Joj:yf ldnfpg] < s'g xfjf kfgL, s'g e"kl/j]z, s'g
;fdflhs / ;f+:s[lts kof{j/0f, s'g lsl;dsf] hLjg k4ltdf s'g lsl;dsf]
dfG5]sf] cfjZostf 5 < oL ;a} cj:yfsf lglDt cg'sn " x'g s] slt dfG5]sf]
slt cfjZostf 5 < s'g ;dfh, b]z / kl/j]zdf s'g j+zf0f'sf] hLj slt
km:6fpF5 / s'g j+zk/Dk/fsf] dfG5] slt dfq cfjZos 5 < ;f] lsl;dsf]
dfu / cfk"lt{sf] of]hgf klg cBfjlws /fVg'kg]{ cj:yf 5 < cy{zf:qsf]
lgod cg';f/ dfu / cfk"lt{sf] ;Gt'ngnfO{ vHdlhg glbO{ pTkfbg /
lgof{t–cfoftsf] ;d'lrt ;Gt'ng klg sfod ub}{ hfg] b[li6sf]0faf6 lg/Gt/
sfd eO/xg] l:ylt lgdf{0f ug'k{ g]{ x'G5 . j+zf0f'ut cwf/df cfo{sf] zf/Ll/s
;+/rgf dª\uf]nsf] cf]7sf] cfs/ lgu|f] d"nsf] / skfnsf] ;+/rgf ;fgf
cfs[ltsf] dfu eP/ cfof] eg] t'?Gt pknAw u/fpg ;Sg] cj:yfdf dfG5]sf]
aLhf0f' / hLjf0f'sf] Joj:yfkg /fd|/L ul/Psf] x'g' k5{ .
kfOkdf aLh ;+/If0f u/]/ e|0" fsf] cj:yf ;Gt'ngsf lglDt ug'k{ g]{
w]/} sfdx¿ klg cfˆgf] 7fpFdf dxŒj /fVg] ljml;dsf x'G5g\ . dfG5]sf
;du| d"Nox¿;Fu hf]l8Psf cª\uljGof;sf kIfx¿ klg oxfF lgs}
ljrf/0fLo ag]/ /x]sf x'G5g\ . cfdfn] kf7]3/ cfˆg} pkof]u ug]{ ljifo xf]
eg]/ cfjfh p7fPsf] cj:yfdf xf]Og eGg] l:ylt klg s;}df /xFbg} . o;
sf/0f k'?ifn] u/]sf] z'qmf0f'sf] clwsf/ af/] u/]sf] bfaL eGbf dlxnfn] u/]sf]
58÷;dLIff–cª\s
j} h oGtL–!#
l8Dafzosf] / kf7]3/sf] clwsf/sf] bfaL a9L c;/bf/ x'g ;Sg] ;Defjgf
klg b]lvG5 . cGthf{tLo ;ª\qmd0fsf] k|efjaf6 hlGdg] afnssf] b//]6
dlxnfn] aRrfbfgL afktsf] b//]6sf] lx;fa lstfa dlxnfn] cfˆg} lgwf{/0f
ug{ ;Sg] ljifo /x]sf] 5 . dfgjLo ;+jb] gfsf] ;Gbe{nfO{ ljifo agfpFbf s]
s'/f x'G5 eg] hflt wd{, ;+:s[lt / ;+:sf/sf ljifox¿sf xsdf klg
leGgtf / d"Nofª\sg ug{ nfos ljifo alglbP eg] dlxnfn] cfˆgf] kf7]3/sf]
d"Nodf tndfly klg ug{ ;Sg]] clwsf/ ;'/lIft /xg ;S5 . dlxnfsf]
pmhf{zLn pd]/ / k'?ifsf] klg ;f]xL cg'sn " sf] pd]/df tfnd]n ldnfP/
aRrf pTkfbgsf] sfo{qmd Joj:yfkg ug]{ xf] eg] To;sf] b//]6 / aRrfsf]
:jf:Yosf] klg ;f]xL cg';f/sf] x]/rfxsf] Joj:yfaf6 cfjZostf klg
pNn]v x'g' jf~5gLo /x]sf] 5 .
;Gbe{ cToGt ;+jb] gzLn eP/ klg oxfF ljifosf] k|:t'lt xf:of:kb
9ª\un] ul/Psf] 5 . o; k|s/0fdf s]jn dfG5]sf clwsf/sf] af/]df p7\b}
uPsf k|Zgx¿sf] kl/j[Qdf dfq s]lGb|t /x]/ o; ljifodf rrf{ ug]{ sfd
ePsf] 5 . dfgj]t/ k|f0fL, jg:klt / k|s[lt hut\sf ljljw ljifo If]q /
h8b]lv r]tg;Ddsf j:t' clg ltgsf df}lns clwsf/sf ;Gbe{x¿
oyf:yfgdf pNn]Vo eP/ /x]sf x'G5g\ eGg] s'/fsf] ;ª\st] ul/of] . ltgsf]
klxrfg / ;'/Iffsf ;Gbe{x¿ clwsf/s} k|s/0fdf ;'/lIft /xg' kg]{ ljifo
x'g\ eGg] s'/f tT;Gbe{df k'li6 x'g cfpF5g\ . dfgj clwsf/sf] JofVof eP
h:t} dfgj]t/ kz' k|f0fLsf] clwsf/sf] klg JofVof x'gk' g]{ cj:yf cfPsf]
5 . jg:klt hut\sf] JofVof x'gk' g]{ cj:yf cfPsf] 5 . h8 k|s[lt hut\sf]
clwsf/sf] ;'/Iffsf] klg JofVof x'gk' g]{ cj:yf cfPsf] 5 .
clwsf/ /Iffsf o; k|s/0fdf ;dfh / ;+:s[ltsf ;Gbe{ hf]l8Psf
5g\ . z'qmsL6 / l8Daf0f'sf ;Gbe{df ;f+:s[lts ;+jb] gf ;Gble{t aGg
cfOk'U5 . k|fs[lts hut\sf cGo ljifo;Fu klg ;f+:s[lts ;+jb] gf e|dsf]
;~hfn ag]/ h]fl8g cfOk'U5 . k|f0fLsf d[t z/L/, k|f0fLsf lb;f, lk;fa /
cGo k|bi" f0fhGo kmf]xf]/ j:t'sf] ;'/Iffsf] clwsf/sf ;Gbe{x¿ klg k|s6df
cfpF5g\ . cfly{s, ;f+:s[lts, wfld{s / g}lts tyf k|fs[ltsf ofjt\ clwsf/sf
;Gbe{x¿ af/] klg ;r]ttfk"js { JofVof / Jojxf/ x'gk' g]{ l:ylt ljBdfg
/x]sf k|lt qmdzM b[li6 lj:tf/ ub}{ nUg' lgtfGt cfjZos alg;s]sf] 5 .
cfufdL ;Gbe{df oL ljifosf] klg ck]lIft JofVof cjZo x'g] 5 .
9 sljj/ dfwj l3ld/] e"ldsfsf] gfddf cfzLjf{b dfq n]Vg] ljåfg\dWo] Ps
s] tkfO{+n]
zAbfy{ k| s fzgsf
;flxlTos s[ltx? x?
k9\g'ePsf] 5 ‡
;dLIff–cª\s÷ 59
j} h oGtL–!#
uf]kLs[i0f zdf{ / pgsf] …:d[ltljDaÚ
ljgos'df/ zdf{ g]kfn
! kl/ro
lj=;+= !((& ;fn df3 cf7 ut] tfg;]g kfNkfsf] u}x|f ufpFdf hGd]/
cfkm\g} lktf ?b|gfy uf}tdåf/f ;~rflnt x'FuL ;+:s[t kf7zfnfdf k|f/lDes
lzIff k"/f u/]/ agf/;af6 ;+:s[tdf gJoJofs/0f ub}{ lqljaf6 :gftsf]Q/
;Ddsf] cWoog u/]/ kfNkfs} kb\df]bo xfO{ :s"naf6 lzIf0f k]zf ;'? u/L
kfNkfs} lqe'jg l8u|L sn]hdf / kl5 lqljlj s]Gb|Lo SofDk;df k|fWofkg u/]/
xfn ;]jflgj[Q a;]sf] b]lvG5 . k|fWofks uf]kLs[i0f zdf{sf ! g]kfn kl/ro
@)#), @ g]kfnL lgaGw kl/ro @)$), # cjnf]sg / ljj]rg @)$$, $
kf}/fl0fs afnsyfx¿ @)$$, % ;/n g]kfnL lgaGw @)$*, ^ s]xL efiff s]xL
;flxTo @)$( -;xn]vg_, & s]xL syf s]xL pkGof; s]xL sfJo @)$(
-;xn]vg_, * Ps efiff cg]s ;flxTo @)%) -;xn]vg_, ( ;+:s[t ;flxTosf]
?k/]vf @)%#, !) tLtfdL7f s'/f @)^# -;xn]vg_, !! d]/f] cd]l/sf ofqf
@)^#, !@ gLltljrf/ @)^& -;xn]vg_, !# :d[ltljDa l;lh{t s[lt 5g\
eg] ! kf7\oqmd ljsf; klqsf @)#^–$!, @ g]kfnL a[xt\ zAbsf]z @)$)
-;x;Dkfbs_, # ;Demgfsf 5fnx¿ @)$%, $ kfNkf bk{0f cflb ;Dkfbg
s[lt b]lvG5 . lognfO{ ;/;/tL x]bf{ kf7\ok':ts / ;flxlTos s[lt b'jd} f
pgsf] a/fa/ snd rn]sf] b]lvG5 . ;flxTotkm{ vf; u/]/ lgaGw, ;dfnf]rgf
/ sljtf ljwf pgsf] If]q xf] eGg] a'lemG5 . cWoog qmddf, ;]jf qmddf /
;flxTo ;]jfdf nueu b'O{ bh{g k'/:sf/ / ;Ddfg klg pgn] kfPsf 5g\ .
@ :d[ltljDasf] ;+/rgf
s[ltdf e"ldsfsf] wd{ s[ltsf] d"ne"t :j¿k, nIo, p2]Zo, pknlAw
/ s[ltsf] d"n u'0ffju'0fnfO{ phfuf/ ug'{ xf], h'g k9]/ kf7sn] ;DalGwt
s[ltaf/] cfˆgf] cg'sn " 5, 5}g hfg"g\ clg dfq k9"g\ . jf:tadf eGg'kbf{
s[ltsf] ;f/f+z cfd'v g} xf] jf x'gk' 5{ e"ldsf v08 .
g]kfnL efiff ;flxTodf rfln; jif{ 5fO{ ;s]sf / cfˆgf] Ifdtfsf
cg]sg s[ltk'ikn] dlxdf / ul/df b]vfO{ ;s]sf ;|i6f x'g\ uf]kLs[i0f zdf{,
h;sf s[lt g} af]N5g\, e"ldsf af]Nb}gg\, tL dfq cf}krfl/s b]lvG5g\ .
x'g\ . /fdk|;fb kGtsf] k|sfzsLo klg cf}krfl/s k|sfzsLo g} xf] .
s[i0fk|;fb k/fh'nLsf] e"ldsfdf eg] s]xL cfd'vsf] wd{ kl/kfng ePsf] 5 .
s[ltsf/sf] s]xL afXo kl/ro / s[ltleqsf sljtfsf s]xL ;+/rgfTds kIf
vf]lnlbPsf] kfOG5 . s[ltsf/ uf]kLs[i0f zdf{sf] …cfˆgf] s'/fÚ af6 s[ltsf]
p2]Zo eg] hfGg ;lsG5 . uf]kLs[i0f zdf{ / pgsf] ;flxlTos w/ftn pgsf]
nIo / OR5f pgs} yf]/} zAbaf6 k|:6 hfGg ;lsG5 .
60÷;dLIff–cª\s
j} h oGtL–!#
…sljtf n]vg d]/f] ;flxlTos ofqfsf] klxnf] v'8\lsnf] xf] .Ú
…sfo{If]qdf uPkl5 sf7dfG8f} cfudg;Fu} ;dLIff ;dfnf]rgftkm{ d]/f]
a9L em'sfp /Xof] .Ú
…sljtf ¿ksf nflu agf/; cWoogsfnLg sljtf oxfF ;dfj]z u/]sf] 5' .Ú
cyf{t\ uf]kLs[i0f zdf{ klxn] slj x'g\ clg dfq ;dfnf]rs–lgaGwsf/ .
o; s[ltdf /flvPsf] …g]kfnsf] rxnkxnÚ sljtf @)!$ ;fndf n]lvPsf]
b]lvG5 . o;af6 pgsf] ;flxlTos Oltxf; ;lhn} a'lemG5, t/ pgsf]
sljtf s[lt eg] lgaGw / ;dfnf]rgf kl5dfq k|sflzt b]lvG5 . o; ;Gbe{df
oxfF ev{/} k|sflzt …:d[ltljDaÚ sljtf;ª\u|x leqsf s]xL /fli6«o lrGtg
el/Psf sljtfx¿sf] ljifodf rrf{ ul/g] 5 .
nfdf 5f]6f u/]/ #$ sljtf o; ;ª\u|xdf ;ª\u|lxt 5g\ . k5fl8 b'O{
v08sfJo klg /flvPsf] 5 . cf};tdf 5f]6f sljtf w]/} 5g\ eg] v08sfJo
^% / !)% Znf]ssf 5g\ . hDdf #^ sljtfdWo] @) sljtf cd]l/sf a:bf
@)^@ / @)^&df n]lvPsf x'g\ eg] ! sljtf @)!$ ;fnsf] / afFsL !%
sljtf kfNkf / sf7dfG8f} /xFbf @)%#–@)^& aLrsf b]lvG5g\ .
# :d[ltljDasf sljtfx¿sf] k|j[lQ
k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf k|To]s /rgfn] cg]sg ljifoj:t'nfO{ cfˆgf] ue{df
;d]6s ] f] x'G5 / tL ;a} ljifoj:t'n] ;|i6f jf b|i6f b'js } f ;fd' a/fa/ dxŒj
g/fVg klg ;Qm5 . To;}n] s[lt jf s[ltsf/sf] s'/f] ubf{ /rggfsf/n] s[ltsf
/rgfdf lbg vf]hs ] f] jf lbPsf] d"n ljifout k|jl[ QnfO{ dfq dxŒj lbOPsf]
x'G5 . o;/L x]bf{ ! /fli6«otf / zflGtsf] sfdgf, @ ;fdflhs ljifoj:t'
dflysf] lrGtg, # k"jL{o ;+:sf/ / O{Zj/ -cb[Zo zlQm_ k|lt gtd:ts, $
hLjg / hut\af/]sf] lrGtg, % k/Dk/fsf] cg'z/0f / ;b\efj, ^ :yfg, ;do
/ j+zsf] kl/ro cyf{t\ j0f{g, & gLlt / ;Rrl/qtf, * k|sl[ t k|d] , ( 5Gbk|ltsf]
df]x . k|:t't :d[ltljDaleq kfOg] d"n ljifoj:t' / k|jl[ Q log} x'g\ . lognfO{
klg ;f/ ug]{ xf] eg] b]lvg] s'/f] Ps} xf], /fli6«otf . /fli6«otfleq zflGt,
cfbz{, gLlt / ;Rrl/qtfn] dxŒjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]ns ] f 5g\ .
# :d[ltljDaleqsf] /fli6«o lrGtg
/fi6«sf] u'gufg ufpFbd} f dfq /fli6«otf x'g] xf]Og, /fi6« pTyfgsf]
efjnfO{ ;jf]k{] l/ 7fg]/, /fi6«sf] pGgltnfO{ Wofgdf /fv]/ ul/Psf] jf b]vfOPsf]
h'g;'s} lqmofsnfksf] rrf{ kl/rrf{df klg /fli6«o lrGtg x'g ;Qm5
cyf{t\ hxfF;s ' } h'g;'s} If]qdf /fi6«sf] pTyfgsf] ljrf/ 5 eg] To;nfO{
/fli6«o lrGtg g} dfGg'kb{5 . ;fdflhs r]tgf, g}ltstf, cfbz{, qmflGtsfl/tf,
lj;ª\ult, cGofo, cTofrf/, c;dfgtf, lzIff, /f]huf/L cflb cflb cg]s
ljifosf] rrf{ ubf{ sljsf] uxgtndf a;]sf] /fi6«kl| tsf] ;sf/fTds, pGgt,
1fgk|b, cg'zfl;t, rl/qjfg\ cflb efjk|b jf j:t'k|b ljrf/–efjx¿ st}
k|ToIf / st} ck|ToIf ¿kdf b]vf k/]sf 5g\ . jf:tadf dfG5]n] ug]{ h'g;'s}
lsl;dsf l;h{gfleq dfgjLotf / /fli6«otf t x'G5 g} . k|s[lt / /fi6« klg
Ps lsl;dn] noa4 5g\ . ljZjd} /fi6«, dfgj / ;dfhsf] Ifo ub}{ lxF8s ] f
;dLIff–cª\s÷ 61
j} h oGtL–!#
cglulGt s7f]/ jf rlr{t /fhgLlt1 jf tfgfzfxx¿ ;d]t /fi6«k|lt rgfvf]
gb]lvPsf xf]Ogg\ eg] n]vs, lrGts, ;h{sx¿sf] t afFRg'sf] p2]Zo g}
h'g;'s} lsl;dn] /fi6«sf] ;]jf ug'{ xf] . k|:t't s[ltsf sljtfx¿df st}st}
5f8]/ htftt} hxfF;s ' } /fi6«kl| tsf] ;sf/fTds–pGgt lrGtg e]6g\ ;lsG5 .
$ :d[ltljDaleq /fli6«o lrGtgsf s]xL pbfx/0f
…xfd|f] g]kfn e"ldÚ zLif{s sljtfdf sljn] b]zsf] k|sl[ thGo ljifoj:t'sf]
v'n/] k|z; + f u/]sf 5g\ . k|s[ltsf] sf/0fn] klg dfgjsf] lrGtgdf 7"n} dxŒj
af]ss
] f] x'G5 . P]ltxfl;stf, ;+:s[lt, hfltotfsf] b[li6n] ldn]/ a:g', k|s[lthGo
ljifoj:t'df /dfpg', >dåf/f cflh{t j:t'd} ;Gt'i6 /xg', ;a} k|f0fLsf] ;dfg
cl:tTj dfGb} g}lts ag]/ b]z;]jf / lgdf{0fdf h'6g\ slj] cfXjfg ub{5g\ .
xfd|f] efj /xG5 leq dgsf g]kfn xf];\ ;'Gb/
pFrf] xf];\ lz/ b]zsf] ;a ldnf}F g]kfn xf];\ dlGb/ .
…g]kfn 5 /dfOnf]Ú zLif{s sljtfdf –
d x'F g]kfnsf] c+z g]kfndf lanfpF5'
dg;f sd{0ff jfrf oxL b]z /rfpF5'
eGb} slj o; sljtfdf b'Mv, ;Gtfk, lrGtf, ul/aL, h] eP klg lagfnf]e,
lagfnfnr, lagf:jfy{ lu7\7f–Eofs'/, u'Gb|s
' –l9+8f] vfP/, b'O{ kfv'/f lvofP/
cfˆg} b]zdf a:g] jfrf cd]l/sfsf] ;'v, ;'lawf, /fd/dfOnf] e'n/] eGb5g\ .
c¿sf] b]z x]//] xfd|f] x'Gg s'g} enf]
g]kfn dfq /fd|f] 5 g]kfn} 5 /dfOnf] .
a|Xdf08 eP k[YjL 5, k[YjL eP e"ld 5, e"ld eP b]z 5, b]z eP
;dfh 5, ;dfh eP kl/jf/ 5, kl/jf/ eP cfk"m 5 / cfk"m eP dfq ;a}
s'/f] 5, t/ o;f] x'Fbfx'Fb} klg dfq PSnf] cfk"msf] s'g} dxŒj 5}g, of] g}
dfG5]sf] jf:tljstf xf] . hGd:ynsf] k|d] ;a}nfO{ eP klg cg]s ;'v;'ljwfsf]
k|nf]egsf sf/0f dfG5] hGd]sf] b]z 5f8]/ lglxt :jfy{, ef}lts ;'vsf] nflu
csf]{ b]zdf, ;dfhdf hfG5 t/ hLjge/ p;nfO{ Tof] :jLsfg{ ufx|f] x'G5 .
afFr~' h]n cfˆgf] e"ld, ;dfh ;lDem/xG5 . csf]{ k':tf hfgL ghfgL cfk"m
x'ss{] f] ljb]zL e"ld, ;+:sf/, jftfj/0fsf] aGb5 . pm afa' hGd]sf] b]zsf] x'g}
;Qm}g eg] otflt/ To; /fi6« / /fi6«sf k"j{ jfl;Gbn] klg o'uf}+ o'u laTbf
klg ltg\nfO{ l:jsfg{ g;s]sf] tYo;To xfd|} ;fd' adf{ / e'6fgaf6 z/0ffyL{
agL cfPsf g]kfnLx¿ 5g\ eg] uf]kLs[i0fh:tf /fi6«jfbL hxfF a;] klg
b]zsf] lrGtg ub}{ b]z ;]jfd} kms{G5g\ .
cFufnL x[bo}bl] v z'e efj / sfdgf
;fgfltgf s'/fdfly g/fvLsg lt;{gf .
7"n} zlQm ldnf];\ tyflk gag"F :jfyL{ 3dG8L st}
cfˆgf] js{tn] ;s]hlt u?F lgM:jfy{ ;]jf ;w}F
…hGde"ldÚ sljtfdf /fi6« / /fli6«o k|s[ltsf] zfZjt uLt u'gu'gfpF5g\
slj eg] …¿vsf kftdf nfnLÚ sljtfdf cd]l/sfsf] rrf{ ubf{ ub}{ PSsf;L
g]kfn ;Demg k'Ub5g\ . …bz}F cfof]Ú sljtfdfkm{t\ sljn] g]kfnsf] jftfj/0f,
62÷;dLIff–cª\s
j} h oGtL–!#
df};d, s[lif, ljsf;sf k"jf{wf/sf] rrf{ ub}{ bz}Fdf x'g] rxn kxn / ;f+:s[lts
dxŒjnfO{ phfuf/ u/]sf 5g\ eg] czflGt lgd"n kfg{ zflGtsf] sfdgf ub}{
g]kfnLTj arfpg ;+:s[lt arfpg kg]{ ;ª\st] ub{5g\ .
xfd|f] cfˆgf] kl/ro lbg] ;+:s[lt :jR5 /fvf}F
g]kfnL xf}F ca ;a ldnf}F b]zdf zflGt Nofcf}F
…g]kfnsf] rxn kxnÚ sljtf )!$ ;fndf n]lvP tf klg To;sf]
k|sl[ t j0f{g cfh klg plQs} ;d;fdlos nfUb5g\ . …gLltsf s'/fÚ dfkm{t slj
dfG5]df Tofu, ;dk{0f, k|d] , ;b\efjsf] u'0f x'gk' g]{ / oL dfG5]df g}ltstf eP
dfq x'g] atfpF5g\ eg] …/fd|f] ljrf/ u/Údf pgL bf;{lgs ag]sf] b]lvG5 .
of] ;[li6 lsg xf] o:tf] dfG5]sf] h'lg of] lsg‡
d[To' lnP/ hGd]sf ;f/f k|f0fLx¿ lsg‡
of] kª\ltm cufl8 klg o:tf k|Zg /fv]/ 7fpF 7fpFdf bz{g lbPsf
slj tTsfn kms]/{ km]l/ /fi6«jfbL ag]sf] klg b]lvG5 . hLjgsf] ;Lldt
;dodf :jtGq afFRg'kg],{ ;To af]Ng'kg]{ dfgjk|lt ;b\efj /fv]/ ;sf/fTds
;f]r x'sf{pg kg],{ b]z;]jf u/]/ cfk"m ;k|gk' g]{ ts{ klg /fV5g\ slj–
xfdL sxfF s'g ljrf/ lnP/ cfof}F
s] nIo k"0f{ x'g hfG5 eg]/ nfUof}F==============
of] b]z xf] ;a hgf hlt 5g\ tdfd
ldNb} ljsf; ul/P /xg]5 gfd .
…s]xL ;"lQmx¿Údf g}ltstfsf] kf7 l;sfpF5g\ slj . cfTdfsf] cfjfh
;Dk"0f{ ¿kdf k"jL{o bz{gsf] cWofTdjfb, O{Zj/jfb, hGdd[To'af/], dg /
cfTdfaf/] n]lvPsf] sljtf xf], t/ oxfF klg /fi6« rrf{ ug{ slj e'Nb}gg\ .
…zf/bL ofd cfof]Ú sljtf k|s[lts} j0f{gdf /dfPsf] sljtf xf] eg] …o'jsk|ltÚ
sljtfdf /fl6«otf htftt} 5tf5'Nn e]l6G5g\ .
5f]/f xf} ag a]; b]ze/sf] /fd|f] eO{ rlDsg]
dof{bf;Fu laTg'k5{ h'lg of] cfbz} emNsfpg]
/fi6«sf] pGglt, ljsf;sf] lrGg dgg ubf} ub}{ slj cfˆgf] hGd ufpF 3'Dg
k'U5g\ . dfgj ljsf; geO{ kl/jf/, kl/jf/ ljsf; geO{ ;dfh / ;dfh ljsf; geO{
b]z ljsf; x'g ;Qm}g . slj zdf{ d'Qms07n] kfNkfsf] u'g ufpF5g\ . of] …x'FuL
kf7zfnfÚ sljtfdf kfNkf dfq geO{ sljsf u'?, lktf / kf7zfnfsf]
P]ltxfl;s kIf klg dgUo hfGg kfOG5 eg] …z}lIfs hLjgLÚ gfdsf] sljtf
t slj zdf{sf] hLjgLsf] 8fo/L g} xf] ls h:tf] nfU5 . sljn] oxfF cfˆgf]
hGd b]lv Pd=P ;Ddsf] cWoog sfnnfO{ ;d]6s ] f 5g\ . …lktf>Lsf] ;DemgfÚ
zLif{s sljtfdf lktfk|ltsf] ;b\efj pn]s { f] 5 eg] …kf]/vL k'vf{Údf cfˆgf]
j+zsf] kfFr k':t] gfnLa]nL lbOPsf] 5 . …hLjgsf] oyfy{Úsf] dfgjLo ;Totf .
7"nf ;De|fGt ;fdGtL /fhf ;DkGg hf] lyP
ltgn] klg Tof] ;f/f oxLF 5f8]/ clNkP .
/fhgLltsf] sf/0f cgluGtL b]z Wj:t ePsf 5g\ eg] ag]sf klg 5g\ .
d'Vo s'/f] xf] b"/bzL{, :jfledfgL, rl/qjfg\, g}lts g]tf . /fi6«jfbL g]tf Ps
;dLIff–cª\s÷63
j} h oGtL–!#
hgf klg ghlGdPsf] b'Mv sljnfO{ 5 . /fi6« ljgfzsf] lrGtf / kL8f klg
sljdf kfOG5 . g]kfnL hgdf ljsf; ePsf] :jR5rfl/tf, :jfy{, lvrftfgL,
åGå, cxª\sf/, bf; k|j[lQ, dflnSofOF k|j[lQk|lt lrGtf kf]Vb} …zflGtsf]
sfdgfÚ, …a8fbz}Ú+ , …efg'hoGtLÚ, …hLjg z}nL klxn] / clxn]Údf s'g} g s'g}
z}nLdf /fli6«o lrGtg cufl8 ;fl/Psf] 5 . …cg'el" tÚ gfdsf] sljtfsf]
lrGtf ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnLsf] lrGtf eP/ d'vl/t ePsf] 5 .
xfd|f] afwf ;a a'lemlbg] JolQm g} hlGdPg
xfd|f OR5fk|lt ?lr lng] sfd s}No} ePg
g]tf cfˆg} bn / b'gd' f Jo:t 5g\, 5}g rf;f]
kfpg ;f:tL ljsn hgtf b]lvof] vfnL kf;f]
o;/L zf:qLo cg'i6'k\, pkhflt, j;Gtltnsf, dGbfqmfGtf, ;|Uw/f,
zfb"n { ljqmLl8t cflb 5Gbdf n]lvPsf] k|:t't sljtf;ª\u|x sljsf] @)!$–
@)^& cyf{t\ krf; jif{sf] cg'ej xf] . slj uf]kLs[i0f zdf{sf] :d[ltljDasf]
d"n lrGtg /fli6«otf g} xf] Psflt/ eg] csf]l{ t/ cd]l/sf 3'dfO a;fOsf]
a]nfdf n]lvPsf cd]l/sfsf af/]sf sljtfx¿n] ToxfFsf] :yfg, /xg;xg,
hLjgz}nLaf/]df j0f{g ubf{ sljdf vf;} t'ngfTds ;f]r p7]sf] b]lvGg .
sljdf o:tf] ljsf; g]kfndf eP s:tf] x'g] lyof] xf]nf ‡ eGg] ;fdfGo lh1f;f
klg p7]sf] b]lvGg . g}ltstf, ;Rrl/q, cfbz{, k/Dk/f cflbsf] k|z; + f / rrf{
u/]/} gyfSg] sljdf cd]l/sL tfdemfd, cfw'lgsL s/0faf6 jzLe"t eP/
p7]sf] å}w ljrf/ jf rl/qk|lt kf7s cjfs\ g} eP klg cfZro{ eg] nfUg]
5}g . of] rfs8L rfKn';L s]sf] nflu eGg] k|Zg ;xh} p7\5g\ dgdf .
crDd;Fu /fli6«otf ufpg], k|s[ltdf /dfpg], k"jL{obz{g / lrGtgdf
em'Dg], k/Dk/f / j+z pTyfgsf] Oltxf; :d/0f ug],{ ;+:s[t efiffaf6 zflGt
sljtf n]vL cf/De ug],{ cd]l/sfdf a:bf;d]t >f4 rflxF ug]{ sljn] r6Ss
b]z e'n/] t'ngf;d]t gu/L k"js { f] uf}/jnfO{ e'n/] ef}ltstfsf] uf]/6] f] ;dft]/
lxF8s] f] jf:tljs k|d] / efjgf d/]sf] sfd / sfdsf] dfq dxŒj af]ss ] f]
cd]l/sfnfO{ :ju{ eg]sf]df eg] :jfledfgL g]kfnLn] kfgL kfgL x'gk' g]5 { .
ljsfz o;sf] b]Vbf sf] x'Fbg} crlDet ‡
:ju{s} Pp6f 6'qmf v;]sf] xf] ls zf]let
lrof]rrf]{ st} 5}g b]lvGg å]if zq'tf
;a}sf] dgdf x'G5, k|d] , ;b\efj, gd|tf
…sfdsf] dfq k"hf of] b]zdf b]Vg kfOg]Ú eg]/ eGg] sljnfO{ kf7sn]
sfdsf] dfq k"hf x'g] ;dfhdf k|d] , ;b\efj / gd|tf hLljt /xG5 / ‡
lrof]rrf]{ gx'g] b]zsf dfG5]df efjgf, dfgjLotf hLljt x'G5 / eg]/ ;f]w]
s] eGg] xf]nf v}‡ jf:tadf o:tf] ;dfhdf k|d] , ;b\efj / gd|tf ;a}
cf}krfl/stfdf dfq ;Lldt /xG5 . ;du|df eGg'kbf{ o:tf sljsf] cfˆg}
l;4fGt aflemPsf s]xL kª\ltmx¿ 5f8]/ eGg] xf] eg] :d[ltljDa Pp6f
pTs[i6 /fli6«o r]t af]ss] f] ;a]n} k9\g / a'‰g'kg]{ s[lt xf] .
64÷;dLIff–cª\s
j} h oGtL–!#
…ljleGg cfofddf g]kfnL dlxnfÚ / jL0ff kf}8o\ fn
zzL yfkf …kl08tÚ
s[ltsf/sf] kl/ro
nlntk'/, s'k08f]ndf @)!# c;f]hdf /fd/fh kf}8\ofn / d]wfb]jL
e§/fO{af6 hlGdPsL k|f=8f= jL0ff kf}8o\ fn g]kfnL Oltxf;, ;+:s[lt tyf k'/ftŒj
s]Gb|Lo ljefusf] klxnf] dlxnf ljefuLo k|dv ' x'g] ;f}efUo k|fKt ug]{ ljb'ifL
x'g\ . pgn] ædx]Gb| ljBfe"if0f sÆ, lq=lj=lj= bL3{ ;]jf kbs, wgah| ljåt\j[lQ,
lq=lj=lj= /fli6«o lzIff k'/:sf/, cflb lje"if0f / ljleGg ;Ddfgx¿ k|fKt u/]sL
l5g\ . :jb]z / ljb]zsf] k|z:t} e|d0f u/]sL jL0ffsf ;+:s[lt;DaGwL k':tsx¿df
æg]kfnL d"lt{snf / lrqsnfÆ -;g\@))!_, æsf7df8f}+ pkTosfsf lji0f'ljej
d"lt{ / lrqx¿Æ -;g\@))&_ æsf7df8f}+ pkTosfsf pdfdx]Zj/ / e}/j
d"lt{x¿Æ -;g\@))$_, …j]b k'/f0fsf s]xL /Tgx¿Ú -;g\@))&_, æ;j]Z{ j/ dxfb]jÆ
-@))$_, æljljw cfofddf g]kfnL dlxnfÆ -;g\@)!)_, nufot g]kfnsf
snf–jf:t'snf / ;+:s[ltsf s[ltx¿ k|sflzt ePsf 5g\ .
ljljw cfofddf g]kfnL dlxnfsf cGtj{:t'
g]kfnL dlxnf s'g} Ps If]qdf dfq ;Lldt 5}gg\, 3/kl/jf/ r'nf]rf}sf]bl] v
Joj;fosf] ljleGg If]qdf xft xfln;s]sf 5g\ . k|frLg ;dob]lv xfn;Dd
dlxnfnfO{ ;dfhn] s'g cfFvfn] x]/s ] f] 5 . s:tf clwsf/ lbPsf] 5, wd{n]
b]jLnfO{ s'g ¿kdf k'hs ] f] 5 . ;dfhdf dlxnf / p;sf] ;f}Gbo{nfO{ s'g
¿kdf u|x0f u/]sf] 5 . oL s'/fx¿ /fv]/ g]kfnL ;dfh / ;+:s[ltdf g]kfnL
dlxnfsf] pkl:ylt / e"ldsfnfO{ kf7s;fd' phfu/ ug]{ k|of; :j¿k
æljleGg cfofddf g]kfnL dlxnfÆ lnP/ af}l4s Ifdtf k|:km'6g u/fPsL 5g\
– k|f= 8f= jL0ff kf}8o\ fnn] . ;ftj6f v08df ljeflht zLif{sx¿df lgisif{;lxt
PsfpGgj6f pkzLif{ssf n]vx¿ /x]sf 5g\ . kl/lzi6 v08df b'Oj{ 6f
kq;lxt Pp6f ;fdflhs syf klg ;d]l6Psf] 5 . ;Gbe{–;|ft] / k|dv ' ;Gbe{
ljj/0f klg ;f] k':tsdf ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 . h;n] ubf{ cflwsfl/s tYo
h'6fpg of] lstfa ;kmn ePsf] 5 .
k|:t't s[ltsf sltko n]vx¿ kqklqsfdf k|sflzt eO;s]sf 5g\ .
;ft v08df ljefhg ul/Psf k|:t't s[ltsf] klxnf] v08df Oltxf;, wd{,
;+:s[lt / k/Dk/fn] dlxnfnfO{ s:tf] ;+:sf/ lbPsf] 5, tL ;+:sf/leq
dlxnf slt :jtGq 5g\ / slt s';:+ sf/leq hsl8Psf 5g\, sltko s'/f
j/bfg 5g\ eg] slt s'/f clezfk klg 5g\ . !$ pkzLif{s /x]sf n]vx¿df
;fpg] ;f]djf/ / xl/of r'/f nufpg] rng eGg] pkzLif{sdf n]lvsfn] :j:y
/xg pkjf; a:g' 7Ls} xf] eGb} wd{;:+ s[lt h:tf] t ug],{ t/ cf8Da/ /
;dLIff–cª\s÷ 65
j} h oGtL–!#
9:;f k|bz{g ug{ gx'g] h:tf] ;Gb]z klg lbPsL 5g\ . ;+:s[lt / l;d;f/
If]qdf kfgLsf] dxÎj b;f{pFb} dfgj ;Eotfsf] ljsf; x'gd' f kfgLsf] k|dv '
b]g /x]sf], t/ xfn r]tgfsf] sdLn] ubf{ gbL k|bi" f0f ePsf] b'v JoSt u/]sL
5g\ . k|frLg lgof]u k|yf / dlxnf eGg] n]vdf ;gftg wd{ u|Gyn] lgM;Gtfg
/ ljwjf :qLn] 3/sf] d"nL, u'?hg / klt;Fu cf1f lnP/ k/k'?ifaf6
;Gtfg pTkGg u/fpg ;Sg] pNn]v u/]sf] 5, h;n] gf/Lsf] cfdf aGg kfpg]
xs s'g} wd{sf] cf8 lnP/ s;}n] df:g gkfpg] s'/f JoSt ePsf] 5 .
bf];f| ] v08df dlxnf lzIffljsf; / kl/jt{gdf x/]s txsf dflg;nfO{
s:tf] k|sf/sf] lzIff cfjZos 5 . pSt lzIffn] k/Dk/fut lrGtg /
;+:s[ltdf s:tf] ;'wf/ NofPs]f 5 . dxÎjk"0f{ lzIffljsf;df ho k[YjLjxfb'/
l;+ x sf] of] u bfg, ldlynf If] q sf dlxnfsf] c/lkg snfdf ePs] f
;xeflutfh:tf s'/f ;d]l6Psf] 5 . ;dfhdf x'g] cfjZoStf /f]Sg lszf]/
lszf]/Lx¿df of}glzIffsf] cfjZostf clt g} ePs]f s'/f JoSt ul/Psf] 5 .
6]lnkmf]gdf lzi6frf/ eGg] zLif{sdf ;do / k};fsf] dxÎj a'em]/ k|of]u
ug'k{ g]{ pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . ef]lnsf vDaf hu}bl] v dha't x'g afnaflnsfnfO{
g}lts lzIff cfjZos ePsf] s'/f pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . ;~rf/ dfWoddf
gsf/fTds 5ljdf k|:t't ul/Psf] dlxnfx¿sf] unt 9·sf] k|:t'lt g/fd|f]
kIf ePsf] s'/f pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . ljwjfsf] b]lvg] cj:yf x6\g ;s]f;\
h:tf s'/fx¿ o; v08df JoSt ul/Psf] 5 .
t];f| ] v08df n}ªl\ us c;dfgtf / åGådf c;dfgtfn] ubf{ g} åGå
lglDtsf s'/f JoSt ul/Psf] 5 . lkt[;QfTds kfl/jfl/s Joj:yfn] ubf{
klg n}ª\lus c;dfgtf x'g] ub{5, t/ xfn dlxnf;DaGwL c+z, gful/stf,
/fxbfgL, wd{kq' k'qL, 3/]nl' x+;f, hGdd[To'h:tf ljljw P]g–sfg'g ag]sfn]
dlxnfsf] l:ylt s]xL ;'wf/ x'Fb5 } eGg] ;sf/fTds ;f]r klg oxfF kfOG5 .
dlxnfsf] e]ifdf sfd ug]{ k'?if zLif{sdf cfo–cfh{gsf nflu dflg;n]
ljleGg e]if agfO{ sfd ug]{ ub{5g\ eGg] s'/f JoSt ePsf] 5 eg] t];f| l] n·L
/ ;dln·Lsf] af/]df klg rrf{ gf}nf] 9ª\u p7fg ul/Ps]f 5 . kf]yL af;]sf
3/df nIdLsf] jf; x'Gg eGg] k'/ftg ;f]rnfO{ k|xf/ ul/Psf]5 . Psn
dlxnf;DaGwL cjwf/0ffdf kl/jt{g NofOFb} Psn dlxnfleq ljwjf, cljjflxt,
;DaGwljR5]b dlxnfnfO{ /flvPsf] 5 . g]kfnL efiffnfO{ ckdfg xf]Og
;Ddfg u/L efiffnfO{ v'DrfP/ bl/b| gagfcf}+ eGg] pNn]v o;df kfOG5 .
rf}yf] v08df ;fdflhs d"No / dfGotf s:tf] /x]sf] 5 eg]
zLif{sleq !@ n]v /x]sf 5g\ 3/fo;L sfo{sf] d"Nof°g ug]{ kl/kf6Lsf]
ljsf; ug'k{ 5{ eGg] ;Gb]z lbg v]fh]sf] 5 . ;f;'ax' f/Lsf] ;DaGw dw'/ /
alnof] ;DaGw x'g] ePsfn] c?sf] s'/f g;'gL b'j}n] b'j}nfO{ rflxPsf]
;xof]u u/L ;DaGw ;'wfg'k{ b{5 eGg] s'/f b]vfOPs]f 5 . dlxnf / ;f}Gbo{
eGg] zLif{sdf dlxnfsf] aflx/L n]k] g 3l;Psf] ;f}Gbo{sf] aofg gu/L pmleq
ePsf] ;'Gb/ kIfsf] aofg ul/g'k5{ eGg] ;Gb]z lbg vf]lhPsf] 5 . o;
66÷;dLIff–cª\s
j} h oGtL–!#
k|sf/ of] v08df ;fdflhs d"No / dfGotfsf] cf8Da/L kIfsf] kl5 gnfuL
;do ;fGble{s kIfnfO{ :yflkt u/L cl3 a9\gk' g]{ s'/f cf}N+ ofPsf] kfOG5 .
kfFrf} v08df k|zf;g, sfg'g / ko{6g eGg] zLif{sleq 5 j6f
pkzLif{s /x]sf 5g\ . p;leq dlxnf;DaGwL sfg'g' s:tf lyP / 5g\,
cGwljZjf; lgd"n ug{ dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf, ;+:s[lt / ko{6g ljsf;df
dlxnfsf] e"ldsf, dlxnf / nf]stGq, e|i6frf/ lgjf/0fdf dlxnfsf] e"ldsf
dxÎjk"0f{ x'G5 h:tf s'/f p7fOPsf] 5 . h+uaxfb'/sf] kfnfsf] d'ns ' L P]gdf
dlxnf;DaGwL gLltx¿ cdfgjLo, h·nL / 3[l0ft /x]sf] pNn]v 5 . ;+:s[lt
tyf ko{6g ljsf;df dlxnfsf] pkl:ylt !)=@ k|ltzt dfq /x]sf] / o;sf]
bL3{sfnLg ljsf; ug]{ xf] eg] dlxnf e"ldsfnfO{ cjd"Nog gu/L a9fpFb}
n}hfg'kg]{ s'/f b]vfOPsf] 5 .
5}7f}+ v08df dlxnf / snfsf}zndf rf/ pkzLif{s /x]sf 5g\ .
g]kfnL d"lt{snfdf b]jLx¿, lzjln·x¿, jf:t'snfdf gf/Llrq0f, bztf]/0f
dft[sf -6'F8fnb]jL_ pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . oL b]jb]jLsf] P]ltxfl;s kIf /
o;sf] jf:t'zn } Lsf] jf/]df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . To;df klg snfsf/n] ;f}Do
9ª\un] gf/Llrq ptf/ u/]sf 5g\ eGg] s'/f pNn]v kfOG5 .
;ftf}+ v08df lgisif{ n]lvPsf] 5 . dflysf v08x¿s} af/]df
;ª\lIfKt hfgsf/L n]lvPsf] 5 . kl/lzi6 v08df …;xLb efOnfO{ lbbLsf]
kqÚ eGg] zLif{sdf n]lvsf :jodsf] 36gf pNn]v ub}{ ;Dk"0f{ åGåsfndf
bfh'efO u'dfPsf lbbLalxgL / r]nLsf] b'Mv cf]sn]sL 5g\ . k|wfgdGqLnfO{
r]nLsf] kqdf b]z n}hfg'kg]l{ t/ Wofg glbP/ k|wfgdGqLsf] /·Lg e|d0f /
pb\3f6gdf dfq gcNemL b]z arfpg]lt/ nfUg'kg]{ vfnsf] a]xf]/f pNn]v
kfOG5 . …b/Ú eGg] ;fdflhs syfdf b/ Nofpg g;Sbf 3/df ;f;"sf] lt/:sf/
a]xf]gk{' g]{ cj:yf cfpFbf klg d kfqn] b/ gn}hfg] To;s]f ljb|fx] g} ug]t{ km{
cu|;/ b]vfPsf] 5 / ;dfhdf ePs]f gsf/fTds k/Dk/fjfbL ;f]r k9]nv ] s
] f
a'em]sf dlxnfn] x6fpg'k5{ eGg] ;Gb]z lbg vf]lhPsf] 5 .
n]lvsf ;+:s[ltljb\ ePsf] x'gfn] x/]s n]vleq ;+:s[lt 3';s ] f 5g\ .
k|:t't lstfasf] gfd g} ljljw cfofdleq g]kfnL dlxnf /fv]sf] x'gk' 5{
o;df n]lvsfn] Gofo u/]sf] e]l6G5, t/ klg dlxnf kIfnfO{ dfq 5f]P/
ljifox¿ /fv]sf] eP ;'gdf ;'uGw x'g] lyof] . Pp6} v08df klg s'g} dlxnf
kIf 5 eg] st} k|;ª\u gldn]sf s'/fx¿ klg /flvPsf] kfOG5, 6]lnkmf]gdf
lzi6frf/, cfFvf dxfbfg, cr{gf ul/g] s]xL lzjln·x¿, k/f]ksf/L lzjh:tf
s]xL pbfx/0f x'g\ . oL n]vx¿ dlxnfsf ljifoj:t'eGbf k[ys\ s'/f b]vfpg
bfFtdf 9'+uf nfu]h:tf] b]lvG5, tfklg ;du|df dlxnf;DaGwL olt w]/}
ljifoj:t' cGo s[ltn] ;d]6s ] f] kfOGg . n]lvsf cfˆgf] Jofj;flos cyf{t\
;f+:s[lts kIf k"/fk"/ e/]/ k]zfut dof{bf lstfaleq lbg ;kmn ePsL 5g\ .
9 5 . …p;sf] cfF;Ú' zLif{ssf] syfn] sd pd]/d} ;f]rljrf/ gu/L emnSs x]/s
;dLIff–cª\s÷ 67
j} h oGtL–!#
…cg'xf/Ú syf;ª\ux| leqsf ljleGg cg'xf/x¿
zf/bf k/fh'nL
k|sfzdl0f bxfnåf/f /lrt …cg'xf/Ú syf;ª\u|x -@)^#_ ;flxlTos
kf7ssf] nflu Ps dxŒjk"0f{ s[lt xf] . o;df ;f]x|cf]6f syfx¿ ;ª\u|lxt
5g\ . …aGb kl/R5]bÚ syf cfofdsf b[li6n] s]xL nfdf] 5, t/ Pp6fM afaf
Pp6L 5f]/L, hfu/0f, lgolt, u'nsf]hsf] a§f, cg'xf/, ;]tLsf] ;/fk, em/]sf]
kft, chftsf] dfof, a}nf, p;sf] cfF;,' /g]h:tf syfx¿ demf}nf cfsf/sf
5g\ . hfOkmnsf] ;f]v, df]8, zª\sfn] nª\sf lk5{h:tf syfx¿ s]xL 5f]6f
5g\ . nfdf x'g\ of 5f]6f, syfsf/n] ;a} syfdf efjgfTds cleJolQm;Fu}
snfTdstf / df}lnstf lbg] k|of; u/]sf 5g\ .
j0f{gfTds z}nLdf n]lvPsf] ljj]Ro syf;ª\u|xsf syfx¿df st}–
st} ;+jfbfTds z}nLnfO{ klg cjnDag ul/Psf] 5 . …zª\sfn] nª\sf lk5{Ú
zLif{ssf] ;+:d/0fnfO{ klg syfsf/n] …cg'xf/Ú syf;ª\ux| df ;d]6s ] f 5g\ .
d"ntM hfOkmnsf] ;f]v, Pp6f afa'M Pp6L 5f]/L, cg'xf/ zLif{ssf syfn]
afnzf]if0fsf] ;hLj lrq0f u/]sf 5g\ . cfly{s ljifdtfsf] rk]6fdf k/]/
sof}F afnaflnsfn] ;fg} pd]/b]lv csf{sf] 3/df gf]s/ a:g'kg]{ afWotf xfd|f]
;dfhdf cBflk 5Fb5 } . sltko afnaflnsf csf{sf] 3/df gf]s/ a;]/ sfd
ub}{ eP klg k9\g rfxG5g\ t, sltko lbg/ft afa'n] /S;L vfP/ 3/emu8f
u/]sf] s'/fn] cflht eP/ csf{sf] 3/df gf]s/ a:5g\ . To;} u/L sltko
afnaflnsf ;f}tg] L cfdfsf] Jojxf/ ;xg g;sL 3/ 5f]8/] csf{sf] 3/df
sfdbf/sf ¿kdf a;]sf pbfx/0f xfd|f] ;dfhdf k|z:t} kfOG5g\ .
…hfOkmnsf] ;f]vÚ syfsL OGb|L afa'n] lbg/ft /S;L vfP/ 3/
emu8f ub}{ ;a} ;DklQ ;s]sfn] csf{sf] 3/df gf]s/L ug{ afWo x'G5] . To;}
u/L 7ludfof ;f}tg] L cfdfsf] b'Jo{jxf/ ;xg g;sL 3/af6 efu]/ lxF8\5] /
Pp6f xf]6ndf sfdbf/sf ¿kdf lgo'Qm x'G5] .
a}nf, p;sf] cfF;,' aGbkl/R5]b, em/]sf] kft, chftsf] dfof syfn]
gf/L;d:ofnfO{ lrq0f u/]sf 5g\ . /fd|f / af:gfbf/ k"mndf rxfb}{ lxF8g\ ]
ed/f¿kL k'?ifn] gf/L–cl:dtf n'6k] l5 lggf, a}nf, ladnfh:tf gf/Lx¿
lanvaGbdf k/]sf 5g\ . ef/tsf] sf]7Ldf a]lrg k'us ] L ladnfsf] gf/sLo
hLjg / g]kfn cfPkl5 p;sf] hLjgz}nLdf cfPsf] kl/jt{gnfO{ …em/]sf] kftÚ
eGg] syfn] b]vfPsf] 5 . …an } fÚ zLif{ssf] syfn] ;GtfgljxLg gf/Ldfly ;dfhsf]
x]g{] b[li6sf]0f, a"9f] dflg;;Fusf] c;kmn bfDkTo hLjg, g]tfn] a}nfdfly
u/]sf] v]njf8 / a}nfn] dft[TjljxLg aGg'sf] sf/0f cflb 36gfnfO{ ;d]6s ] f]
] f
e/df dfofk|Llt ufF:bf lhGbuLe/ k5'tfpg'kg]{ oyfy{ b]vfPsf] 5 .
68÷;dLIff–cª\s
j} h oGtL–!#
k'?ifn] gf/L–cl:dtfnfO{ n'6g\ ljleGg nf]enfnr b]vfpF5 . df}/L
dxdf e'lnPe}mF gf/Lx¿ k'?ifsf lrKnf–lrNnf s'/f / ¿k}ofFk; } fsf] nf]enfnrdf
km;]/ v]nf}gf aG5g\ . cfˆgf] hLjg ;'Dkg] lrNnf s'/f u/]/ gf/L–cl:dtf
n'6\g] n'6/] f k'?if gf/L ue{jtL ePsf] ;'Ggf;fy 8/–qf;n] ;zª\lst x'G5
/ e|0" fxTof ug]{ k|of; u5{ clg g;s] efu]/ hf]lug] k|of; u5{ . o;/L k'?if
gf/L cl:dtf;Fu v]N5g\ / kfgLdflysf] cf]efgf] eP/ lxF85 \ g\ eGg] s'/f k'li6 ug{
syfsf/n] a}nf, p;sf] cfF;h ' :tf syfnfO{ lng ;lsG5 .
…aGb kl/R5]bÚdf k/k'?ifnfO{ ljZjf; u/]sf]n] uf]kfnsL >LdtLn]
dfg–k|lti7f, 3/–kl/jf/ u'dfPsL 5 . dlxnf ;zQmLs/0f–h:tf] uDeL/ ljifosf]
uf]i7Ldf efu lng cfPsf] s]zj cfˆg} ;fyL uf]kfnsL >LdtLk|lt /fn
sf9\5 . gf/LnfO{ cfˆgf] jzdf kfg{ l;kfn' s]zj cfˆg} ;fyLsL >LdtLnfO{
sf]7fdf af]nfP/ /ltqmL8fdf /d]/ a:5 . gf/Lsf] cb"/bzL{ ;f]r / k'?ifsf]
gsRr/f] k|j[lQ :ki6 v'nfOPsf] 5 syfdf .
…xs{bfOÚ / …hfu/0fÚ syfleq dflg;df x'g] cxd\tfnfO{ b]vfOPsf] 5 .
…hfu/0fÚ syfn] 3d08L / bDeL :jefjsL piffsf] rl/qlrq0f u/]sf] 5 eg]
…xs{bfOÚ syfn] u2f/ / zf]ifs k|j[lQsf] xs]s { f] v/fa Jojxf/ lrq0f u/]sf]
5 . ;fg}bl] v lh2L / 3d08L :jefjsf] xs]{ cfk"mnfO{ ;j]; { jf{ 7fG5 clg
c¿nfO{ rflxF t'R5 7fG5 . To;}n] pm s;}nfO{ ;Ddfg ub}g{ , a? c¿n]
lbPsf] ;Ddfg a6'Ng xtf/ u5{ . cfdfafa'nfO{ ;tfpg', cfjf/f eP/ lxF8\g,'
csf{nfO{ xf]RofP/ af]Ng', c¿nfO{ xKsfpg' p;sf] ckdfghgs Jojxf/sf]]
k/fsfi7 xf] . kf6L{sf] dflg; xF' egL cfˆg} cfTd/ltdf /dfpg], t/ jf:tljstf
s] xf] eGg] a'‰g g;s]sf cfnfsfFrf /fhgLlts sfo{stfFsf]] dgf]ljs[ltsf]
lrq0f ljj]Ro syfn] u/]sf] 5 . xs]s { f] rl/qeGbf s]xL dfq km/s 5 …;]tLsf]
;/fkÚ syfsf] kfq …d]7Ú klg . lgwf{lgd'vfsf af]Ng] clwsf/ cfˆgf] xftdf
lnO{ pgLx¿sf] lg/Lxtfsf] kmfObf p7fpg vlKk; d]7 cfˆgf] houfg
ufpGh]n ;'sD' af;L 6f]ndf a:g lbg] / ;f]emf ;'sD' af;Laf6 o;/L, p;/L,
h;/L eP klg k};f p7fpFb} ;'sD' af;LnfO{ emg\ bl/b| agfpg] sfo{ p;n]
u/]sf] 5 . d]7 ;fdGtju{sf] / ;'sD' af;Lx¿ ;j{xf/f ju{sf k|ltlglw kfq x'g\ .
d]7h:tfsf] x}sd gdfGg]x¿ 6f]naf6 lgsflnG5g\ eGg] s'/f syfdf lrlqt 5 .
3'; vfg] / 3'; lbg] k|yfsf] pl5Qf] sf9]sf] 5, …lgoltÚ zLif{ssf]
syfn] . clkm;sf xflsd w'; gvfO{ sfd g} ub}g{ g\ eGg] s'/f b]vfOlbPsf]
5 . oltdfq xf]Og, syfdf sd{rf/Lsf] 9Lnf;':tL k|j[lQ / cgfjZos
ukmufkm, lrofrd]gf / kqklqsfdf lbg u'hfg{] clg clkm;sf sfo{x¿
ef]lnnfO{ yftL /fVg] k|j[lQnfO{ /fd|/L s]nfPsf] 5 eg] …df]8Ú syfn] lbgel/
uf8L rnfpg] a]ns ' f ePkl5 e§Ldf k;L hfF8/S;L vfg] jL/]h:tf xhf/f}F
8«fOe/sf] k|jl[ QnfO{ b]vfPsf] 5 . 3/sf] cfly{s cj:yf ;'wfg'{ t sxfF xf]
sxfF, /S;L vfP/ pN6} :jf:gL s'6\g] / emu8f ug]{ jL/]sf] cfbtdf /S;Lsf]
nt 5f]8k] l5 7"nf] kl/jt{g cfPsf] 5 . /S;L vfg 5f]8s ] f] lbgb]lv g} jL/
;dLIff–cª\s÷ 69
j} h oGtL–!#
axfb'/n] OHht, k|lti7f, dfg–;Ddfg dfq xf]Og, k|z:t} cfly{s pGglt klg
u/]sf] 5 . hfF8/S;L tyf ;'/f;'Gb/L wg;DklQ g:6 ug]{ / kfl/jfl/s snx
;[hgf ug]{ sf/s x'g\ . o:tf ntaf6 ar]df 3/kl/jf/, wg;DklQ, dfg;Ddfg,
OHht–k|lti7f arfpg ;lsG5 / v';L;fy hLjgofkg ug{ ;lsG5 eGg]
s'/fsf] ;Gb]z ljj]Ro syfn] lbPsf] 5 .
…chftsf] dfofÚ syfdf ;fgLcfdfsf b'Jo{jxf/n] lbnaxfb'/n] k9\g]
OR5f bafpg'k/]sf] 5 / ;fgLcfdfsf] ckdfghgs Jojxf/ / afa'sf] cljj]sL
lg0f{osf sf/0f la/fdL cj:yfdf 3/ 5f8\g' k/]sf] b]vfP/ syfsf/n] yk
sf?l0fstf yk]sf 5g\ . d/0ffGt cj:yfdf lbnaxfb'/n] dfgjLo x[bo
ePsf sfG5L bldgL / p;sL 5f]/L nLnfsf] pksf/ kfPsf] 5 . pgLx¿sf]
:ofxf/;';f/n] lbnaxfb'/ afFr/] k|x/L ePsf] 5 . of}jgfj:yfdf e]6 ePsf
lbnaxfb'/ / nLnfsf] 3lgi6tfn] zf/Ll/s ;Dks{ ePsf] 5 . lbnaxfb'/
k|x/Ldf egf{ ePsfn] p;n] rfx]/ klg nLnfnfO{ e]6 ug{ kfPsf] 5}g . df}sf
5f]kL a"9f] bdfO{n] ue{jtL nLnfnfO{ ckx/0f u/L cl:dtf n'6g\ ] b'ik|of; u/]sf]
5 . o; syfn] k'?ifn] gf/Lk|lt /fVg] aqmb[li6sf] af]w u/fpF5 .
] f] clglZrt lhGbuLnfO{ …/g]Ú syfn] lrq0f u/]sf] 5 . nfx'/]
nfx'/s
eP/ k};f sdfO{ cfgGb;Fu hLjg latfpg] p2]Zo af]sL dnfof uPsf nfvf}F
dflg;sf] k|ltlglw kfq xf], /g] . /g] sdhf]/ cfly{s cj:yf ;'wfg{, ;fx"sf]
C0f ltg{ / :jf:gL 5f]/f5f]/Lsf] eljio agfpg kN6gdf uPsf] 5 . cGhfg
/ cgsG6f/ hËndf ql;t eO{ sfd ug'k{ bf{ p;nfO{ :jf:gL, 5f]/f5f]/L, 3/
, kl/jf/ cflbsf] dfofn] tflg/xG5, t/ kN6gdf ePsfn] afWo eP/ o'4d}bfgdf
nl8/xG5 . cGttM zq'sf] uf]nL nflu /g]sf ;f/f ;kgf w'hfw'hf x'G5 .
ljj]Ro syf;ª\u|xsf k|foM syfx¿ ufpFnfO{ sfo{kLl7sf agfP/
n]lvPsf 5g\ eg] …em/]sf] kftÚ zLif{ssf] syf ;x/L kl/j]z;Fu ldNbf]hN' bf]
b]lvG5 . …u'ns'hsf] a§fÚ zLif{ssf] syfn] xflsdn] sd{rf/Ldfly u/]sf]
cdfgjLo Jojxf/sf] r/d¿knfO{ b]vfPsf] 5 . ;fdflhs lyrf]ldrf], cfly{s
ljifdtf, kfl/jfl/s snx, gf]s/rfs/k|lt dflns dflnSgLn] ug]{ b'Jo{jxf/
, ;fdGtju{sf] x'sd' L zf;g, k'?ifn] gf/Ldfly u/]sf] cTofrf/, ;fdflhs
ljs[lt, lj;ª\ult, /fhgLlts 5Ssfk~hf, 5'jf5'tsf] ;ª\sL0f{ ;f]rfO /
afnzf]if0fh:tf s'/fx¿ syfsf ljifoj:t'sf ¿kdf cfPsf 5g\ .
;du|df x]bf{ o; ;ª\u|xsf ;a} syfx¿ xfd|} ;dfhdf 36]sf /
36\g ;Sg] 36gfx¿sf] tf/tDo ldnfP/ ;dfof]hg ul/Psf 5g\ . o;
;ª\u|xsf k|foM syfx¿ /}lvs 9fFrfdf n]lvPsf 5g\ . afx\o b[li6laGb'sf]
k|of]u u/L n]lvPsf] ljj]Ro syf;ª\u|xn] /;fg'el" t k|z:t} u/fpF5 eg]
sltko 7fpFdf ul/Psf] cltj0f{gn] kf7sx¿nfO{ lemFhf] klg nfUg ;S5 .
t/ klg syfx¿ ;/n, ;xh / af]wuDo 5g\ . ljleGg ¿k, u'0f, :jefj,
afgLJojxf/ ePsf dflg;sf cg'xf/nfO{ syfsf/n] ljleGg dfWodaf6
ljleGg sf]0fn] ljZn]if0f u/]/ x]/s] f] b]lvG5 .
9
70÷;dLIff–cª\s
j} h oGtL–!#
;flxTosf/ 1jfnL / pgsf]
…c;'/ UofF; sljtf–;ª\u|xsf] cWoogÚ
;fw'/fd afF:sf]6f
!= ljifo k|jz
] 1jfnLs]f ;flxlTos k[i7e"ld klg xl/åf/ g} aGg k'Uof] . cfˆgf u'?
hLjg ef]ufOsf] lk|o clk|o cg'el" tsf t/ntd eflifs cleJolQm
;flxTo xf] . ;flxTodf dfgjLo cfj]u / ;+ju] sf] s;Ldf 3f]l6Psf j:t'
oyfy{sf] cleJolQm x'G5 . k"jd{ f CUj]bb]lv / klZrddf xf]d/ Olno6 /
c]l8;Lb]lv lnlvt ;flxTo ;'? x'Fb} clxn] @! cf}+ ztfAbLdf ;flxTo ljljw
ljwf, pkljwf÷v]dfdf ljeflht x'Fb} ljsl;t ePs]f 5 . ;flxTosf d'Vo b'O{
ju{ b[Zo / >Jo ljwf plQs} dxŒjk"0f{ eP klg hLjg oyfy{sf ef]ufOx¿
b'Mv–;'v xif{pNnf;, kL8f–j]bgfnfO{ ;xh / ;hLj ¿kdf ptfg{ >Jo ljwf
g} a9L ;lqmo b]lvG5 . To;} cg'¿k xfn w]/} syf, sljtf lgaGw, pkGof;x¿
klg xfd|f cu|h ;flxTosf/åf/f l;lh{t eO;s]sf 5g\ . g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df
nf]s;flxTo kl5 ljsl;t x'Fb} !* cf}+ ztfAbLdf ;'jfgGb bf;åf/f lnlvt
;flxTosf] >Lu0f]z ePsf] kfOG5 . To;kl5 qmlds ¿kdf ;flxTon] ljljw
36gfqmdnfO{ cfwf/ agfP/ bx|f] kfOnf rfn]sf] 5 . ;'jfgGbb]lv clxn]sf]
;do;Ddsf] aLrdf ;flxTodf w]/} df]8x¿ b]vfk/], sljtfsf ;Gbe{df
kl/isf/jfb, :jR5Gbtfjfb, k|of]ujfb, / ;d;fdflos wf/f cflb @)#)
;fnkl5 ;do ;fdlos wf/f ;'? ePsf] kfOG5 . @)#) b]lv @)^% sf]
aLrdf g]kfndf w]/} /fhgLlts, ;fdflhs, cfly{s ptf/r9fax¿ eP .
slj ;flxTosf/x¿n] klg ltg} ljifonfO{ cfˆgf ;flxTosf ljifo agfP/
dfld{s ¿kdf kl:sP . o:tf ;do / kl/l:yltcg'sn " o'usf] oyfy{nfO{
l6Kb}} lj;ª\ult–ljs[ltk|lt s8f lj/f]w / ;s/fTds cj:yfsf] cfjfh lbg]
w]/} JolQmsf] dfem @)^@ ;fndf Pp6f gofF sljtf–;ª\u|x …c;'/ UofF;Ú
xfdL;fd' cfof] . o;nfO{ kf7s;fd' k:sg] sfd g]kfnL sljtfdf rlr{t
5Gbslj /fdk|;fb 1jfnL -@)@$_ af6 ePs]f 5 .
@= slj kl/ro
;fx;, ;dk{0f / ;t\k|of;s]f aLp /f]k]/ ;T;Gb]z / ;Gt'li6sf]
;flxlTos /; :jfbg u/fpFb} sflJos a|XdfgGb wgLe"t u/fpg] /fdk|;fb
1jfnL g]kfnL ;flxTosf] If]qdf s'g} cgf}7f / ckl/lrt JolQm xf]Ogg\ .
pgL jo:s, cj:yfdf /xFbf/xFb} klg sflJos lx;fan] ;ª\VofTds /
u'0ffTds ¿kdf &) sf] g]6f]sf6]sf ;|i6f x'g\ ls eGg] cg'ej x'G5, t/ Tof]
xf]Og . pgs]f hGd @)@$ ;fn j}zfv !! ut] klZrd g]kfnsf] u'NdL
lhNnf cGtu{t yfgklt uflj;= km]SnbLdf ePsf] lyof] . lgDg juL{o
ls;fg kl/jf/df hlGdPsf 1jfnLn] hLjg lhpg] qmddf w]/} ;ª\3if{ u/]sf
;dLIff–cª\s÷ 71
j} h oGtL–!#
5g\ . kl/jf/s]f cfly{s cj:yf b'an { ePsfn] pgsf] hLjgsf] k"jf{4{ k|;j,
kL8f, bdg, zf]if0f, b'Mv, si6 bogLo cj:yfdf lat]sf] lyof] . gf·fv'§f
/ RofltPsf yf]qf n'uf nufP/ u'NdLsf agkfvfdf 3fF; bfp/fsf nflu
bf}8g] 1jfnLnfO{ ;don] x'TofpFb} ef/tsf] xl/åf/df k'¥ofof] . of] g} pgsf
nflu hLjgsf] cj;/ aGg k'Uof] . xl/åf/ k'Ug' g} pgsf] nflu 7"nf] efUo
eof] . ToxfF ;+:s[t cWoog ;'? u/]/ zf:qL;Dd cf}krfl/s lzIff lnPsf
nlntdf]xg Jof; / ef/tLo slj snfsf/s]f k|/] 0ff lnO{ @)$) ;fndf
…xfd|f] st{JoÚ zLif{ssf] sljtfaf6 n]vgsf] >Lu0f]z u/] . ;flxTosf] klxnf]
lzNksf ¿kdf …xfd|f] st{JoÚ zLif{ssf] sljtfaf6 ;flxTotkm{ nfu]sf 1jfnL
To;}sf cfwf/df xfn;Dd ;flxlTos xa]nL g} agfpg ;kmn ePsf 5g\ .
pgsf] klxn]f ;flxlTos aLh cToGt pj{/ / k|an /x]sf] /x]5 eGg'k5{ .
Pp6f aLhsf] dfWodaf6 xfn;Dd ;flxlTos d'Vo ljwfsf ;lxt pgsf
nueu b'O{ bh{g hlt s[lt k|sflzt eO;s]sf 5g\ . cem pgsf] snd
;flxlTos lzv/lt/ nDsFb}5 . @)$) b]lv n]vgnfO{ cufl8 a9fPsf
1jfnLsf xfn;Dd sljtf÷ljwftkm{ n3' / a[xt\ u/L k'tnL / em'l;nls/f
-@)%(_ Psfb]zdf -@)^!_ c';/' UofF; -@)^@_ cf}; + Lsf km"nx¿ -@)%#_
s[ltx¿ k|sflzt 5g\ eg] cfVofg ljwfdf kl/jt{gsf] df]8df -@)%)_
hLjgsf 3'DtLx¿ -@)%#_ ljleGg afn syfx¿ k|sflzt 5g\ . hLjgsf
afXotfnfO{ ;d]6/] k|:t't ePsf] pgs]f b[Zok|wfg s[lt ljjz cfF;' klg Ps
rlr{t gf6s xf] . o;sf cnjf pgs]f sIff ! b]lv Pd=P. ;Ddsf kf7\ok':ts
/ ;xof]uL k':tsx¿ k|sflzt 5g\ h;s]f ;ª\Vof sl/a $ bh{g blvG5 .
;dfnf]rgftkm{ cfVofgaf/] kfl/hft -@)%*_ kfZrfTo;flxTo l;4fGtsf]
;/n JofVof -@)^#_ e"ldsf l;4fGt / 1jfnLsf e"ldsfx¿ -@)^$_ t];|f]
cfFvfsf] cfnf]rgf -@)^&_ ‘sljtfsf s]xL afGsLx¿’ / hLjgLtkm{
‘;flxTosf/ /d]z ljsn’ h:tf s[ltx¿ k|sflzt ePsf 5g\ . o;/L
;flxTosf] bL3{ ;fwgf u/]jfkt pgs]f ;flxlTos d"Nof°g ub}{ ljljw ;ª\3
;+:yfgåf/f pgnfO{ dfg–;Ddfg tyf k'/:sf/ k|bfg ul/Psf] 5 . 1jfnL
g]kfnL ;flxTodf c?eGbf leGg lsQfdf plePsf ;flxTosf/ x'g\ . pgsf
;flxTodf ju{åGås]f snfTds k|:t'lt kfOG5 . sfn{dfS;{sf] åGåfTds
ef}ltsjfbL ljrf/ wf/faf6 k|efljt x'Fb} ;fDojfbsf] :yfkgfljgf ju{åGåsf]
cGTo x'g ;Sb}g . ha;Dd k|ltllqmofjfbL / tfgf;foL cfwf/ ;+/rgf
/lx/xG5, ta;Dd gofF ;+/rgfsf] :yfkgfsf] s'g} cl:tTj g/xg] ljrf/
pgs]f ;flxTodf kfOG5 . pgn] cfˆgf ;flxTodf aflx/L cfj/0f kl/jt{g
x'Fbd} f ;j{xf/fju{sf] pTyfg x'g ;Sb}g . ;fdGtL, cTofrf/L / tfgfzfxL
/fHo Joj:yfnfO{ lgd"n { kfg'k5{ eGg] cleJolQm cfˆgf s[ltx¿df k|:t't
u/]sf 5g\ . pgL snf–;flxTonfO{ ;dfh–kl/jt{gsf] snfTds wfl/nf]
xltof/sf ¿kdf l:jsf5{g\, o; ;Gbe{df pgn] snf ;flxTosf af/]df
72÷;dLIff–cª\s
j} h oGtL–!#
cfˆgf] ljrf/ o;/L k|:t't u/]sf 5g\ – bf;tfnfO{ l:jsfg]{ / k/tGqsf]
lj/f]w gug]{ /rgf d]/f] b[li6df c;n ;flxTo, snf xf]Og, d]/f] ljrf/df
;flxTo jf snf elgg] l;h{gfsf :jtGq cfTdf xf] . -c;'/UofF; @)^@_
o;/L snf ;flxTodf cGofo–cTofrf/sf] lj?4 ljb|fx] jf qmflGt ug'k{ g]{
efj;Dk|i] f0f ug'{ pgsf] ljz]iftf xf] . ;fdflhs cfly{s / ;f+:s[lts cj:yfsf]
oyfy{ lrq0f snfTds ¿kdf ug'{ pgsf snf ;flxTosf] sYo j:t'sf]
k|:t'lt xf] . tL ljifodf b]lvPsf cGofo cTofrf/ bdg, pTkL8g, b]lvPsf
/ lyrf]ldrf] lj?4 ljb|fx] ug'{ / cfd"n kl/jt{gsf] kIfdf cfXjfg ug'{ tyf
hg r]tgfnfO{ hufpg' pgs]f ;flxTosf d'Vo ljz]iftf /x]sf 5g\ . pRr,
pbfQ, ;/n / ;Dk|]io snf ;flxTosf kf/vL 1jfnL jt{dfgdf hlt
h'emf? 5g\ eljiok|lt Tolt g} ;r]t 5g\ . pgL eljiob[li6 ePsf ;flxTosf/
sf ¿kdf lrlgG5g\ .
#= …c;'/UofF;Ú sljtf ;ª\u|xsf] kl/ro / o'uLg d"No M
…c;'/UofF;Ú sljtf;ª\u|x -@)^@_ slj /fdk|;fb 1jfnLsf] bf];|f]
r/0fsf] pTs[i6 sfJo s[lt xf] . klxnf] r/0f -@)$) b]lv @)%(_ df qmdzM
ljsl;t x'Fb} cfPs]f 1jfnLsf] ;flxlTos k|ltef o; s[ltdf cfP/ cem
k|v/¿kdf k|:km'6g ePsf] 5 . of] s[lt ;do ;fk]lIft oyfy{ j:t' l:yltsf]
sflJos kf]sf] kGt'/f] xf] . slj snfsf/ ;flxTosf/ cfkm" afFrs ] f] b]z /
;dfhsf] ;fdflhs, /fhgLlts, cfly{s, ;+f:s[lts / cGo kIfaf6 leGg
x'Fbg} g\ . pgLx¿sf] ;flxlTos v'/fs eg]sf] ltg} j:t'l:yltx¿ x'g\ eGg]
s'/fsf] k|df0f of] sljtf;ª\u|x @)$^ ;fndf ha k|hftGq cfof] k~rfotL
zf;g Joj:yfaf6 sfutL lgrf]/e] m}+ lgrf]l/Psf hgtfx¿ ca t s]xL /fxt
ldNg] eof] eGb} cfzdf afFr]sf lyP, t/ g]kfnsf] /fhgLlt hgtfn]
lvrftfgL, cl:y/ ;/sf/ :jfyL{ / ;QfsfdL g]tfx¿s]f sf/0fn] cfPsf]
k|hftGq klg w/fkdf k¥of] . g]tfx¿sf] cfk;L emu8fsf] kmfObf p7fpFb}
/fhfn] @)%* ;fndf ;Dk"0f{ clwsf/ cfˆgf] xftdf lnO{ k|hftGqnfO{ g}
w/fkdf kf/] . o:tf] cj:yfdf a'l4hLjL, slj, snfsf/ r'k nfu]/ a:g
;s]gg\ . pgLx¿n] klg cfˆgf tkm{af6 /fhfsf] tfgfzfxL sbdsf] lj/f]w
u/L ;flxlTos xltof/ k|xf/ u/] . o'uLg d"NodfGotf a'em]sf k|ultjfbL
slj /fdk|;fb 1jfnL r'kf] nfu]/ a:g] s'/} lyPg, To;}n] cGofo, cTofrf/
zf]if0faf6 leqleq kLl8t ePsf 1jfnLsf] /f]if snd / sfuhsf dfWodaf6
k|s6 eof] . Tof] adem}+ lj:kmf]6 eof] / ToxL lj:kmf]6 xf] c;'/UofF; . c;'/
UofF;, c;'/±UofF; ldn]/ ag]sf] ;d:t zAb xf] . c;'/sf] cy{ b]jTj / ;'/f]
gePsf] cyf{t\ bfgj tyf kfun xf] eg] UofF; eg]sf] cToGt k|HjngzLn
/ lj:km]f6s tyf b'ulGwt kbfy{ xf] . o;/L zflAbs cy{df x]bf{ o;s]f cy{
bfgjL /fIf;L, qm"/ / c/fhs /fHo ;Qfdfly k|xf/ ePsf] lj:kmf]6s kbfy{
c;'/UofF; xf] eGg] a'lemG5 . x'g klg oxfF leqsf ;a} sljtfx¿ k9\bf
;fdGtL ;f]r ePsf lg/ª\s'ztfjfbLx¿sf] 6fpsf]df t]hfa vGofPsf]
;dLIff–cª\s÷ 73
j} h oGtL–!#
cg'ej x'G5 . t]hfan] klxn] kf]Nb}g t/ la:tf/} lj:tf/} leqleq 5]8\5,
oxfFsf sljtfx¿n] klg oxL sfd u/]sf 5g\ . cyf{t\ of] sljtf;ª\u|x
u0ftflGqs :j/n] 3gLe"t ePsf] tyf snfd"Nosf b[li6n] pRr:t/sf]
sljtf ;ª\u|x xf] . @)%( ;fnkl5sf] ;fdflhs, /fhgLlts cfly{s tyf
;f+:s[lts cj:yfnfO{ ljifoj:t' agfP/ n]lvPsf sljtfx¿ o; ;ª\u|xdf
;°lnt 5g\ . h;df rf/v08 5g\ lj:dft–j]bgf, ljt[i0ff–ljb|fx] , ljrf/–
ljZjf; / ljdnf–ljefjgf . rf/ v08df ljeflht o; sljtf;ª\u|xdf @(
sljtfx¿ ;ªslnt 5g\ . %* k[i7x¿df sljtfsf] ;+of]hg ul/Psf] o;
s[ltsf] e"ldsf b]jL g]kfnn] n]v]sf 5g\ . b]jL g]kfnn] o; sljtf–
;ª\u|xsf] pRr d"Nof°g ub}{ of] s[lt km"n, gbL, 5x/f / df+;nk|d] sf] j0f{g
dfq snf xf]Og snfsf] jf:tljs dd{ a'‰g 1jfnLsf sljtfx¿ Ps k6s
k9\gx' f];\ .Æ eg]sf 5g\ . of] d"Nofª\sg b]jL g]kfnsf] dfq xf]Og h;n] o;
s[lts]f dd{nfO{ a'‰5, k9\5 p;sf nflu s[lt clj:d/0fLo xf], t/ h]f ;w}+
of}g, sfdjf;gfn] pTk|l] /t 5 jf z[·f/ /;df dfq e'N5, h;n] aGb'ssf
e/df / n6\7L hgtfsf] 6fpsf]df ahf/]/ g} cfˆgf] x}sdnfO{ lg/Gt/tf
lbg rfxG5, h;n] ul/a ;j{;fwf/0fsf] /ut / kl;gf r';/] } df]hdf cfˆgf]
lhGbuL latfpg rfxG5 To:tf k|j[lQsf dfG5]nfO{ of] s[lt cfFvfsf] sl;Fu/
jf SofG;/ xf] . of] s[lt ;fdGtL n]vs / ;fdGtL ;|i6fx¿nfO{ klg emfk8
xf] / To:tf slj h;n] csf{sf sljtf rf]//] /ftf/ft gfd / bfd sdfPsf
5g\ . ltgsf] nflu s8f k|xf/ klg xf] . ;fy} 5Gbdf oyfy{sf] cleJolQm x'g
;Sb}g 5Gbdf sljtfTds efj k|:t't x'g ;Sb}g, zf:qsf] s7f]/ lgoddf
afFlwP/ n]lvPsf] x'gfn] sljtf a'‰g ufx|f] x'G5, 5Gbdf :t'lt dfq ;'xfpF5,
o'uLg efjgfx¿nfO{ ;d]6g\ ;lsb}g eGb} 5Gbb]lv 8/fpg] sljx¿sf nflu of]
s[lt /fd|f] hjfkm xf] . o; ;ª\u|xsf sljtfx¿df efj, efiff, no, cleJolQm
zAbrogh:tf sljtf–tŒjnufot sljtf n]Vgsf nflu rflxg] s'/fx¿
;d'lrt ¿kdf ;dfo]fhg ePsf 5g\ . ;fdfGotof 5Gb ldnfpFbf j0f{
yk36 x'g' / s]xL Jofs/0fut q[l6 x'g' ;fdfGo xf], o;n] o;sf] sYox¿nfO{
s'g} cj/f]w u/]sf] h:tf] nfUb}g . oxL s'/fsf] plrt d"Nof°g ub}{ b]jL
g]kfn / /d]z z'eR] 5' n]V5g\ æof] s[lt snf / ljrf/sf] pTs[i6 ;+of]u xf] .
ljrf/, Jojxf/, cleJolQm, snf, efj ljDak|tLs, no, 5Gb, cn°f/ cflb
tŒjn] ljlzi6 ag]sf] sljtfs]f ;Fufnf] klg xf] . -c;'/UofF; Û e"ldsf )^@_
of] s[lt ;dfhzf:q, /fhgLltzf:q / ;flxTozf:q ;a} ;a}sf] ljlzi6
;+of]hg xf] . o; sljtf;ª\u|xdf tfTsfnLg ;dodf ;dfh / /fhgLltdf
36]sf oyfy{ 36gfsf] lrq0f kfOG5 . oxfF cGofo cTofrf/, xTof, lx+;f,
bdg, zf]if0f, pTkL8g, lg/fzf, z"Gotf / knfogh:tf s'/fsf lj?4df
r]tgfsf] :j/ kfOG5 . b]zdf rNb} cfPsf] lg/ª\sz ' tf, k/fwLgtf, cGofo,
cTofrf/ / ;fdGtjfbsf lj?4 cfqmf]z JoQm ub}{ n]lvPs]f c;'/UofF;sf
sljtfx¿sf] d"nefj hglj/f]wL Joj:yfsf lj?4 qmflGt r]tgf km}nfpg'
xf] . :jtGqtf / pGd'v ;dfhsf] lgdf{0fsf nflu qmflGtsf] efj ;Dk|i] f0f
74÷;dLIff–cª\s
j} h oGtL–!#
ub}{ o'uLg cfjfhsf] cleJolQm lbg' o; ;ª\u|xs]f p2]Zo xf] . oxfF cGofo
cTofrf/ a9\b} uPsfn] qmflGtsf] ljsNk 5}g eGg] wf/0ff sljn] JoQm u/]sf
5g\ . ljZjaf]w, o'ua]fwsf b[li6n] c;'/UofF; sljtf–;ªu|xsf clwstd
sljtfx¿ pbfx/0fLo /x]sf 5g\ . oxfFsf sljtfn] ;dsfnLg oyfy{nfO{
l6Kb} e"tnfO{ ljZn]if0f ub},{ jt{dfgnfO{ cFufNb}, eljionfO{ dfu{ lgb]z
{ g
u/]sf 5g\ . oxfF ;fdflhs, cfly{s, /fhgLlts, wfld{s / ;f+:s[lts qmflGt
r]tn] kl/k"0f{ sljtfx¿ 5g\ . dfgjLo d"No / ;"lQmdotfn] ubf{ oxfFsf
sljtfx¿df zfZjttfsf] u'0f /x]sf] 5 .
d"ntM k|ultjfbL wf/fsf] sfJo dfGotfcg'¿k n]lvPsf] qmflGt
r]tsf] ;zQm, cleJolQm ePsf sljtf;ª\u|x c;'/UofF; Û ju{åGå / ju{
;ª\3if{sf] cleJolQm lbg] gd'gf sljtf;ª\u|x xf] . ;dfhsf ljs[t oyfy{nfO{
pb\3f6g ub}{ u'lGhPsf] 5 . o;}n] u0flGqs qmflGt r]tn] el/Psf sljtfx¿sf]
Psdfq o'u ;fk]lIft sfnhoL / o'uLg s[ltsf] gd'gf xf] slj 1jfnLsf]
c;'/UofF; sljtf;ª\u|x eGg ;lsG5 .
$= …ljwfut tŒjsf cfwf/df …c;'/UofF;Ú sljtf;ª\u|xÚ
/fdk|;fb 1jfnL g]kfnL ;flxTodf ;d;fdflos wf/fsf] %) sf]
b;s kl5sf 5Gb sljtfsf o'jf slj x'g\ . u'0ffTds / kl/d0ffTds b'jd} f
pTs[i6 cu|0L / k|z:t sljtf n]Vg] 1jfnLsf snf–;flxTodf, efj, efiff,
j:t', no–5Gb, ljDak|tLs, cn°f/, u'0f, /Llt h:tf ;flxlTos tŒjx¿sf]
;d'lrt / pRr :t/Lo k|of]u kfOG5 . pgsf sljtfdf @! cf}+ ztfAbLsf]
ljZjdf lgld{t cTofw'lgs j}1flgs z:q c:qdf h'g zlQm x'G5 . ToxL
sflJos zlQm kfOG5 . pgL ;dfh kl/jt{g / /fHo kl/jt{g uf]nL /
aGb'saf6 dfq geO{ ;flxlTos c:qsf] k|xf/af6 klg ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] s'/fdf
ljZjf; u5{g\ / ToxL cg'¿k ;flxTo l;h{gf u5{g\ . To;} cg'¿ksf]
1jfnLsf] OR5f efjgf, c;Gtf]if, ;Gb]x, ;Gb]zsf] Ifltk"lt{ :j¿k k|:t't
ePsf] 5 c;'/UofF; sljtf;ª\u|xdf .
c;'UofF; Û sljtfsf] ;Ldf / s;Ldf 3f]l6Psf] 1jfnLsf] k|v/
sljtfsf] ljz'4 gd'gf xf] . o; ;ª\u|xsf, cfhsf] g]kfn …;'gL g;Sg' eof]Ú
d v'DrL a:g ;lSbgF, duGt] qmflGt ulb{g Û af}nfPs]f s's/' dfg}{ k5{,
qmflGt hLjg, dfly p8\b} 5 afh h:tf ;a} sljtfx¿sf] efj / cleJolQm
cg';f/ o; sljtfsf] zLif{s rog ;fy{s b]lvG5 . c;'/ / UofF; ldn]/
ag]sf] c;'/UofF; zAbdf sljsf] b'j} zAbnfO{ k|tLsfTds ¿kdf k|:t't u/]sf
5g\ . ;fdGtL, zf]ifs, tfgfzfxL / hf] csf{sf] /ut kl;gfdf df]hd:tL ub}{
lxF8\5 . c?sf] v'§f tfg]/ cfkm" cufl8 a9\g vf]H5, To:tf JolQmsf]
k|tLssf ¿kdf c;'/ cfPsf] 5 eg] UofF; k|HjngzLn / 8/nfUbf] kbfy{
xf], oxfFsf sljtfx¿ klg v/fa k|s[ltsf JolQmx¿nfO{ leq–leq hnfpFg
;Sg] / ;j{xf/f ju{nfO{ ;xfotf :j¿k cZjf;g lbg ;Sg] ePsfn] UofF;
efjgfs'n ldNg cfpF5 . o; k|sf/ zLif{sLo ljwfg plrt b]lvG5 .
;dLIff–cª\s÷ 75
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%= ljifoj:t' jf efjsf b[li6n]
of] sljtf–;ª\ux| Jofks ax'cfoflds / ax'rlr{t s[lt xf] . o;leqsf
sljtfsf] efjut kIfsf] ljZn]if0f ug]{ xf] eg] Pp6f sljtfaf6 Pp6f
;dfnf]rgfTds s[lt tof/ x'g ;S5 . Pp6f sljtfdf g} /fhgLlts,
;fdflhs, bfz{lgs h:tf ljifo cGtlglx{t ePsf] kfOG5 . sljtfsf]
clek|f0f g} ;dfhsf] j:t'l:yltnfO{ k|:t't ub}{ lj;·t kIfsf] lj?4
qmflGtsf] cfXjfg ug'{ xf] . b]zdf eGgnfO{ htftt} xNnf 5 :jtGqtfsf],
t/ hgtfx¿ bf;tfs]f hfFtf]df cem}+ lkl;Ps} 5g\, af]Ng] d'v x'bF fx'bF } d'vdf
k§L nufP/ a:g afWo 5g\, o:tf] cj:yfsf] sljn] …cfhsf] g]kfnÚ sljtfaf6
ljb|fx] u/]sf 5g\ . g]kfnL hgtf s;}sf v]nf}gf xf]Ogg\, t/ /fHo rnfpg]n]
hgtfnfO{ To:t} agfpg vf]hs ] f 5g\ eGg] s'/f o;/L k|:t't 5g\ M –
eGbf 5}g cwLgdf, ulxl/bfF ;f]em} k/fwLg 5
csf{s} e/df 5 t}klg ;w}+ xNnf 5 :jfwLg 5
o:tf] nfU5 ls So} bnfnx¿n] a]rL ;s]sL r/L
cfˆg}af6 eO{ anfTs[t ;w}+ db}–{ a;]sL k/L Û
htftt} dfgj–clwsf/sf] s'/f p7]sf] 5 . t/ g]kfnL hgtfdf eg]
hLjg /Iffsf nflu qflxdfd 5g\ . laxfg 3/af6 lgl:sPs]f 5f]/f a]ns ' L
kms]/{ 3/ cfpF5–cfpFbg} eGg] cfdfafa'nfO{ ;w}+ kL/ 5 . b]zdf htftt}
xTof lx+;f a9\b} uPsf] 5 o:t]f sf?l0fs cj:yfsf] k|:t'lt o:tf 5g\M
lzz' o;/L a'9f ljwjf gegL
lgd7] / luF8] lg ckf· klg
olt cfF;' v;] ls ;lsGg egL
8'lahfG5 ls em}+ 5 lxdfn klg
o:tf] bbf{gfs cj:yfdf ;txL ¿kdf dfgjtfs]f s'/f ug',{ /fli6«otf,
:jtGqtf / :jfwLgtfsf] s'/f ug'{ Joy{ 5 eGb} sljn] To;sf] ;dfwfgs]f
Ps dfq pkfo qmflGt xf] eGg] ;Gb]z lbPsf 5g\ . dfG5] s f] hGdhft
ljz]iftf eg]sf] :jtGqlk|otf xf] . dfgj :jtGq hGdG5, :jtGq g} afFRg
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kfpFb}g, vf]:g kfpFb}g, t/ clxn]sf] cj:yf g]kfnL hgtf lkFh8fleq
y'lgPsf] ;'Fuf ePsf 5g\ . Pp6f jgdf :jtGq ljr/0f gu]{ ;'ufnfO{
lkFh8fdf y'Gbf hlt kL8f x'G5, cfh g]kfnL hgtf ToxL cj:yf 5g\ .
b]zleq ljb]zsf] sf]7/Ldf a]lrPsL r]nLem}+ pgLx¿n] P]/fj0fx¿s]f anfTsf/
vKg k/]sf] 5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf d v'DrL a:g ;lSbgF . dnfO{ :jtGqtf
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cfof] lg cfF;s
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wf]sfnfO{ …====duGt] qmflGt ulb{gFÚ zLif{ssf sljtfdf k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . ha
/fhfaf6 g]kfnLsf] :jtGqtf / :jfwLgtfsf] cl:dtfdfly anfTsf/ eof]
To;kl5 g]kfnL hgtfx¿ cfˆgf] clwsf/ / n'l6Psf] cl:dtf lkmtf{ ug{
;8sdf plqP . To; cj:yfdf g]tf egfpFbf ljZjf;3ftLx¿n] kb / ;Dkltsf]
nf]edf k/L hgo'4nfO{ /f]Sg /fHokIf;Fu hglj/f]wL ;Demf}tf u/f}+ eg]+ .
;8sdf pq]sf hgtfnfO{ bafpg ck|ToIf ¿kdf ;xof]u u/]sf] o:tf :jfyL{
w]fs]afh / gfnfos g]tT[ j;Fu ldnL ul/g] qmflGt ;kmn gx'g] b]vk] l5 pgn]
o:tfx¿;Fu ldn]/ qmflGt gug]{ s'/f o;/L JoQm u/]M
;Qf gldNbfts nfluk5{ hf] ÷ ldn]l; ;Qf hgb|fx] u5{ hf]
laGtL u/L v]fHb5 hf] ;'vL x'g ÷ 8kf]s
{ nf5L;Fu qmflGt ulb{gF .
sljsf] qmflGt r]tnfO{ k|:t't ug]{ gd'gf sljsf ¿kdf /x]sf] o;
;ª\u|xsf sljtfdf sljn] /fhgLlts qmflGtsf] r]tgfnfO{ k|:t't ug]{
qmddf cGt/f{li6«o x:tIf]k / ;fd|fHojfbL zlQmx¿sf] lj?4 klg /f]if
k|:t't u/]sf 5g\ . pgn] dfgjtfsf gfddf htftt} cft° 5g]x{ ¿sf lj?4
cfs|fz] JoQm u/]sf 5g\ . cfh cd]l/sfn] dfgjtf, :jtGqtf / k|hftGqsf]
gf/f hKb} ljZjdf g} cft° km}nfPsf]df cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbL / cflwgfossf
lj?4 sljn] r'gf}tL / Joª\Jo u/]sf 5g\ . k|hftGqsf] gfddf ;2fdsf]
gfddf l;·} O/fs Wj:t kfg]{ / ljZjs} Psflwsf/jfbL x}sd rnfpg]
cd]l/sfsf] tLj| lj/f]w klg pgsf sljtfdf kfOG5 .
sljn] qmflGtsf] ;+jfxssf] Ps kIf sljtfnfO{ klg dfg]sf 5g\ .
sljn] qmflGtnfO{ ;flxTosf] ;f}Gbo{ afws tŒjsf ¿kdf l:jsfb}{ sljtfdf
hLjgsf] ;f}Gbo{ / ;sf/fTds r]tgf x'g' ' kg]d{ f klg hf]8 lbPsf 5g\ . o;
s'/fsf] k|:t'lt Ps slj xf];\ sljtf leq} eGg] sljtfdf ePsf] 5 .
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p;n] zlGt kfpg ;s]sf] 5}g . To;sf d"nsf/0f dfG5]sf clwsf/ n'l6g',
Pp6fsf] ;'vsf lglDt xhf/f}s + f ;'v n'l6g', Pp6fn] af]Ngsf nflu xhf/f}s
+ f
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s'/f] pb\3f]if u/]sf 5g\ . To:t} czflGt dRrfpg] / /utsf] xf]nL v]Ng]x¿
k|lt Joª\Uo ub}{ zflGtsf lglDt o;/L cfXjfg u/]sf 5g\–
c;xo j]bgf a9\of] lhpmF d'df d s] u/L <
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;Gb]z lbG5g\ . pgL b]z km6fxf n'Rrf, ef6 / et'jfx¿sf] aGbsL /x]sf]
a]nfdf tyf hgtfsf] xs n]fstGqsf] d'b|f nufPsf ef6x¿åf/f n'l6Ps]f
a]nfdf cfˆgf cu|h JolQmnfO{ ;Demg k'U5g\ / o:tf] If0fdf cfkm"n] g;'xfpg]
/ lng g;Sg] eGb} b]z / hgtfk|lt ;dk0f{ o;/L k|:t't u/]sf 5g\ .
;dLIff–cª\s÷ 77
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hgtf qf;df Ho'F5g\ nf]stGq 5 aGwsL
o:tf] a]nf dnfO{ s] of] ;Ddfg ;'xfpF5 Û
glnpmF k|d] sf] xf]nf, lnpmF o} k|Zg cfpF5 Û
oxfF sljn] lghL :jfy{df gnfu]/ b]z / hgtfk|lt nfUg ;Gb]z
lbPsf 5g\ . hgtfnfO{ nf]e nfn;f, 8/ / eo b]vfP/ ;Qfdf k'us ] f
g]tfx¿n] r'gfj lhTg u/]sf em"6f] k|rf/jfhL / 3]fif0ffkqsf lj?4 tLj|
Joª\Uo kfOG5 . cfˆgf g]tfn] lht] s] s]g x'G5 eGg] ;f]rs ] f hgtfsf] lg/fzf
/ g]kfn cfdfn] ;d]t g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ kTofpg 5f]l8;s]sf efj k|:t't
ub}{ g]tfx¿df ljZjf; ug{ g;lsg] cj:yf ePs]f s'/f sljtfdf pNn]v 5 .
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af]ss] f sljtfx¿ oxfF 5g\ . zf;sLo cTofrf/nfO{ oxfF pRr snfsf ;fy
k|:t't ul/Psf] 5, s[i0fn] uLtfdf eg]em}+ ha kfkL, nf]eL a9\5g\ ha lgd'v
hgtf zf;sLo ljif lkpg afWo x'G5g\ ta hgtfn] s[i0f¿kL zlQm lgsfn]/
slno'uL s+;nfO{ l;Wofp5g\ eGb} zf;sLo hglj/f]wL st'{tsf] ;lrq
k|:t'lt u/]sf] kfOG5 . zf;sju{åf/f ;f]emf r]nLdfly ul/Psf] of}gzf]if0f
/ pGd'Qm ;fF9e] m}+ df}nfP/ lxF8s
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gvf]s\ P hgtf gfr] Û clwsf/ ge's cem Û
gL/f]sf] afF;/' L aHnf lx6n/sf] UofF;r]Dj/
hn]sf] /f]dsf] b[Zo dnfO{ dgk5{ emg\ .
k|ltufdL d x'F d]/f] p2]Zo g} k|ltudg Û
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v'§f df]n/] hflu/ ef]us] f x'g\ eGb} sljn] To:tf x'tLxf/fsf] oyfy{ oxfF
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k|:t't u/]sf 5g\ . tL ;]gfeGbf ;flxTosf/ jf slj zlQmzfnL x'G5,
sljsf sljtf ¿kL ad lj:kmf]6gn] klg zf;sLo ;QfnfO{ xNnfOlbg
;S5 eGg] sljtfsf] efj o;/L k|:t't' ePsf] 5 .
sljtf leqsf zAb aduf]nf eP;l/
sljtf leqsf jfSo 5g\ ls aGb'sem}+ u/L
3]/]/ sljtfnfO{ ljh]tfem}+ s/fpF5 Û
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zf]ifssf] k|tLssf ¿kdf lnOPs]f 5 . h;/L dfly cfsfzdf afh p8\bf,
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zf]ifssf] zf]if0faf6 hgtf q:t x'G5g\ eGg] s'/f :ki6 ¿kdf eGb} afhnfO{
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zf]if0f / bdg, lj?4sf] qmflGtsf] efjgf o;/L pb\3fl6t ePsf] 5 .
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klg oxfF JoQm x'g cfPs]f 5 .
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csf]{ zflGt 5 Tof] v'nf au/df 9'·fx¿ zfGt 5g\,
dfG5] zfGt x'Fbg} xf] p;df cfuf] anL g} /x] Û
of}6fsf] d'v lglDt nfv d'vdf tfNrf nufO{ /x] Û
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n'Sb}g eGb} 1fg]Gb|k|lt nIo ub}{ n]lvPsf] …ufO{+ uwf aGg} ;Sb}gÚ sljtfdf
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;dLIff–cª\s÷79
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hLjgsf] gd'gf /x]sf] s'/f k|:t't u/]sf 5g\ . dfgj x'gs ' f] ljz]iftf g} x/]s
s'/fsf] c'gej ug{' xf] . /fd|f,] g/fd|f,] ;dfgtf, :jtGqtf cflb af/]df 1fg
u/L ;dfh / hLjgnfO{ s'/Lltaf6 ;'/Llt tyf ;Eotflt/ pGd'v ug'{
dfgjLo st{Jo xf] eGg] efj k|:t't ug]{ qmddf qmflGt / hLjgsf af/]df
ts{x¿ k|:t't' ePsf 5g\ .
ljdnf–ljefjgf o; ;ªu|xsf] clGtd sljtf v08 xf] . oxfFsf
sljtfx¿df dfgjLo ;+jb] gfnfO{ a9L dxŒj lbOPs]f 5 . cfdfsf] dfof–ddtf
/ dxŒjnfO{ sljn] cfdf x'g\ k/d]Zj/ eGg] sljtfaf6 k|:t't u/]sf 5g\ .
clxn];Dd w]/} sljx¿n] ljljw ljifodf sljtf n]v] . t/ w]/} JolQmx¿
cfˆgf hGd lbg] cfdfnfO{ jf:t} ub}g{ g\ . o; lsl;dsf] cj:yfdf of]
sljtfdfkm{t\ cfdfk|ltsf] cf:yf, >4f, ljZjf;, ;dk{0f, ;b\efj JoQm u/]sf
5g\ sljn] . of] ;+;f/df cfdft'No csf]{ j:t' gePsf] dfld{s efj oxfF
k|:t't 5 . of] Ps ;Gtfgn] cfˆgL cfdfnfO{ k|s[ltd} x/fpg rfxG5g\ . pg}
cg';f/ ;flxTo l;h{g ub{5g\ . To:t} pgsf] Ps sljtf j;GtL lk|of xf] .
o; sljtfdf sljn] j;Gt C[tn ' ] lbg] cfgGbnfO{ cfˆgL hLjg;FuLgL;Fu
t'ngf u/]sf 5g\ . k|ZgfTds z}nLdf n]lvPsf] of] sljtfdf j;GtnfO{ gf/Lsf
¿kdf cf/f]k0f / d"tL{s/0f ul/Psf] 5 / j;GtsfnLg cfgGbnfO{ k|:t't
ul/Psf] 5 . afnaflnsfsf] caf]w lzz'kgsf] JofVof ub}{ cfh ljZjdf g}
afnaflnsfsf] hLjg czfGt 5 eGg] af]w u/L afnaflnsfnfO{ ul/g] ljljw
bdg / zf]if0f rrf{ ug{ sljn] …afnaflnsf zflGtIf]q x'gÚ eGg] sljtf
n]vs] f 5g\ . oxfF afnssf] clwsf/ xgg gu/L pgLx¿sf] :jtGq ¿kdf
lzIff kfpg] clwsf/sf] k|Tofe"lt lbgsf nflu ;a}n] ;r]t eP/ nfUg'kg]{
80÷;dLIff–cª\s
j} h oGtL–!#
hf]8 lbPsf] 5 . afnaflnsfsf lj/f]wL tŒj lj?4 qmflGt ug'{ cltcfjZos
/x]sf] s'/f sljn] o; sljtfdf k|:t't u/]sf 5g\ . xTof lx+;fn] afnaflnsfdfly
slt qm"/ oftgf 5/]sf] 5 eGg] s'/f pgn] o;/L k|:t't u/]sf 5g\–
an egL s7} Û ad ;dfpF5g\
bf]if 5}g So} d[To' kfpF5g\
oL caf]wdf gu/ cfqmdg\
afnaflnsf zflGt If]q x'g\ .
afn;DdfgnfO{ dxŒj lbOPs]f o; sljtfn] afnssf] cfTdf
dgf]efjnfO{ a'emL afnsdfly ul/Psf] b]fxf]/f] / g/fd|f] k|of]unfO{ aGb
ug'k{ g]{ ;Gb]z lbPsf] 5 . ;do kl/jt{gzLn 5, cfhsf] s'/f e]fln kl/jt{g
x'G5, cfh /fd|f] ePsf] s'/f csf]{ lbg g/fd|f] x'g;S5 . b'O{ lbg cl3 ;a}n]
dgk/fPsf dfG5] b'O{ lbg kl5 s;}n] dg gk/fpFg ;S5g\ . of] efjnfO{
sljn] kZrfQfk zLif{ssf sljtfdf k|:t't u/]sf 5g\ . a}F;sf sf/0f
hLjgsf] uf]/6] f] klxNofpg g;sL hLjg aaf{b kfg]{ xfd|f cg]sf}+ r]nLsf]
b'Mv / bb{gfs cj:yfsf] lrq0fsf] ;fy} oxfF c;+oldt of}g;Dks{åf/f
P8\; nfu]sf] dfld{s efjgf k|:t't u/]sf 5g\ .
j:t'tM …c;'/UofF;Ú bl/nf zAbx¿sf] snfTds ;~hfn xf] . oxfFsf
k|To]s zAb, jfSo / Znf]ssf tLg txdf -clewf nIf0ff, Jo~hgf_ cy{
nufpg ;lsG5 . ;fdflhs, cfly{s / /fhlglts qmflGtsf] cfXjfg ul/Psf]
o; sljtfsf] ljifoj:t' eGg' g} @)$^ ;fn kl5sf] g]kfn ljljw jftfj/0f
xf], rfx] Tof] /fhgLlts xf];\ jf cfly{s . oxfF sljtfn] /fhtGqnfO{ kfgL
/ l;:g' nufpg] sfd u/]sf 5g\ eg] ;j{xf/f pTkLl8t / ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{
eljiok|ltsf] dfu{lgb]z { g / ;fGTjgf lbg] sfd u/]sf 5g\ . oxfF ;fdflhs
Gofo, dfgjLo d"No / oyfy{ w/ftndf plePs]f /fli6«o efjgfsf kIfdf
;zQm cfjfh k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . ljBdfg ;dfhsf pTkL8g / cfˆg}
jzdf k/fwLg x'g'kg]{ vf]qmf] /fi6«jfbsf lj/f]wL o; s[ltdf ;fdflhs
pTkL8gaf6 d'lQm / dfgjtfjfbL d"Nosf] :yfkgfsf lglDt qmflGt r]tgfsf]
pTs[i6 k|If]k0f ul/Psf] 5 .
^= …c;'/UofF; sljtf ;ª\u|xdf 5GbM
cnf°f/ laDa k|tLs / cGo ;flxlTos tŒjx¿sf] k|of]u /
fdk|;fb 1jfnL ;d;fdlos ;dosf zf:qLo 5Gb sljsf ¿kdf rlr{t
slj JolQmTj x'g\ . pgn] cfˆgf sljtf sfJodf dflqs–j0f{dflqs b'j}
5GbnfO{ v]nfpg] u/]sf] kfOG5 . pgL h:tf] ;'s} ?vf] ljifonfO{ ;/; tl/
sfn] ptfg{ kf]Vt 5g\ . o:t} o'uLg kl/j]z / ljifonfO{ cToGt dw'/ / ;/; tl/
sfn] k|:t't ul/Psf] 5Gbx¿sf] ;Fufn]f xf] c;'/UofF; sljtf;ª\u|x Û hxfF
kl/:sf/ / 5Gbof]hgfsf b[li6n] n]vgfysLo z}nL kfOG5 eg] efj /
p2]Zon] qmflGtsf/L sljx¿nfO{ k5\ofOPsf] 5 . vf; u/L j+ z :y,
zfb"n
{ ljqmLl8t, cg'i6'k, dGbfqmfGtf, zlngL cflb 5Gbsf] k|of]u kfOG5 .
‘cfhsf] g]kfn’ ‘x] b]jsf]6f eg’ ‘dfG5] zfGt To;} x'Fbg} ’ ‘uwf ufO{+
aGg} ;Sb}g’ ‘sf]OnL / kmfu'g’ sljtfx¿ zfb"n { ljqmLl8t 5Gbdf 5g\ . h:t} –
;dLIff–cª\s÷ 81
j} h oGtL–!#
eGbf 5}g cwLgdf ulxl/Fbf ;f]em} k/fwLg 5
csf{s} e/df 5 t}klg ;w}+ xNnf 5 :jfwLg 5,
o:tf] nfU5 ls So} bnfnx¿n] a]rL kmF;s ] L r/L
cfˆg}af6 eO{ anfTs[t ;w}+ db}{ a;]sL k/L Û
o; sljtf ;ª\u|xdf cg'i6'k 5Gbsf] jfx'Notf kfOG5 . oxfsfF …d
v'DrL a:g ;lSbgFÚ, …:jtGq b]z afFRg Bf}Ú, …dg lxrlsrfpF5Ú …cfdfn]
ljZjf; ul/gg\Ú ‘k|ltudg’ ‘crDdsf] jL/’ ‘cfTdxTof u/] eof]’ ‘dg{nfO{
tof/ ag’ ‘k|Zgf]Q/’ ‘slj xf];\ sljtfleq}’ ‘xfdL t}of/ 5f}’ cflb sljtf
cg'i6'k 5Gbdf 5g\ .
;xg] slt xf] d}n] ;w}+ ag]/ 3fon <
;w}+ if8\oGq of] wf]sf, hfnem]n ;w}+ 5n Û
qf;–cft°df afFRg] s;/L knsf kn <
tFnfO{ ef;df uf8\g cfPF d qmflGt–pHHjn .
tf]6s 5Gbdf cfˆgf] efj sljn] o;/L k|:t't u/]sf 5g\\ .
5 otf klg nf; ptf lg pxL
;lsG5 ls dfgj hflt klg
olt nf; a9] ls ;lsGg egL
ca ?Gg d eG5 ls lu4 klg
5Gbsf k|of]un] of] sljtf;ª\u|x hlt ;kmn 5 Tof]eGbf a9\tf
laDak|tLs / cn°f/n] ;kmn 5 . pkdf, b[i6fGt, lj/f]w, ;df;f]lQm,
;Daf]wg, k|Zg, pTk|I] ffh:tf zAbfn°f/ / cyf{n°f/s]f k|of]u ePs]f kfOG5
eg] k|z:t dfqfdf ljDa / k|tLssf] k|of]u klg e]l6G5 . ljDak|tLssf
b[li6sf]0fn] x]g{] xf] eg] of] sljtf;+ª\u|x pRr:t/sf] 5 . o; sljtf–
;+ª\u|xsf] zLif{s g} k|tLsfTds ¿kdf k|:t't ePs]f 5, oxfFsf k|ltudg,
crDdsf] jL/, dfly p8\b} 5 afh, af}nfPsf] s's/' dg}{ k5{, uwf ufO{ aGg}
;Sb}g, qmflGt hLjgh:tf cg]s sljtf laDa / k|tLs k|of]usf b[li6n]
pRr :t/sf 5g\ . oxfF ;fdflhs, cfly{s ;f+:s[lts / /fhgLlts k|tLsx¿sf]
k|of]u kfOG5 . oxfF lrn, afh, ;k{, s's/' , ;fF9] / kLnf], vLn, Jofwf, emf/,
9f8] h:tf zAbx¿ /fhtGq, lg/+sz ' ;Qf / tgfzfxLsf] k|tLssf ¿kdf
cfPsf 5g\ eg] k/]jf, d}gaQL, rGb|, ;"oh { :tf zAbn] ;f]emf, ;Lwf, /
lgd'vf hgtfx¿sf] k|ltlglwTj u/]sf 5g\ . h:t} –
;f9] kfNg] /x/ lsg xf] < hf]Tg ldNb}g ;fF9]
9f8] kfNg] /x/ lsg of] < b"w /fVb}g 9f8]
dQfPsf] j[ife 5 eg], Tof] gafFwL x'Fbg} .
af}nfPsf] s's/' 5 eg] Tof] gdf/L x'Fbg} .
/;sf b[li6sf]0fn] oxfF jL/, zfGt, /f]if c+uL /;sf ¿kdf k|of]u
ePsf 5g\ eg] cGo /;x¿ c+z /;sf ¿kdf k|of]u ePsf 5g\ . ;nn
au]sf sljtf, ;/n / ;xh jfSo u7g, dfw'o{ u'0f / uf}8L /Lltsf
sljtfx¿sf] k|wfgtf o; sljtf ;ª\u|xdf kfOG5 . oxfFsf sljtfx¿
p2]Zo d"ns / ;f/ueL{t /x]sf 5g\ . tT;d / tb\ej zAbx¿sf] clws
82÷;dLIff–cª\s
j} h oGtL–!#
k|of]u eP klg cfuGt's zAb / cg's/0ffTdsx¿ zAbn] sljtfdf cem
/;:jfb yKg] sfd u/]sf] 5 . oxfF k|s[lt / hLjgaf/] sljtfTds ;f}Gbo{
o;/L k|:t't ePsf] 5 .
eb}{ xNnjf kfn'jf jge/L km}nfpFb} kNkn
rf/}tkm{ 3'dL j;Gt C[tn' ] 5b}{ 5 /] kNnj
PSnf;] jgdf ;'uGw a6'nL kmNb} 5 /ftf] y'Fuf
kQf] g} glbO{ ;'6S' s dgdf kl:5g\, j;GtLlk|of
&= lgisif{M–
;dfnf]rgf ug]{ sfd kSs} klg ;lhnf] xf]Og . ;flxTosf/sf] dgf]efj
/ s[ltsf] dgf]efj a'‰b} lgikIf / oyfy{ k|:t't ug{ g;s] ;flxTo /
;|i6fk|lt cGofo x'g hfG5 . o; lx;fan] x]bf{ …c;'/UofF;Ú sljtf;ª\u|x
rlr{t / k|v/ sljsf] kl/is[t / dfld{s ljifonfO{ k|:t't ul/Psf sljtfx¿sf]
;ª\u|x xf] . $) sf] bzsb]lv ;flxlTos uf]/6] f] vg]sf /fdk|;fb 1jfnLn]
%) sf] bzsdf sRrL d]f6/ af6f]df ljsl;t x'Fb} sljtf ofqf u/]sf lyP
eg] ^) sf] bzsdf ;flxToofqfs]f kSsL ;8sg} lgdf{0f ug{ ;kmn ePsf
5g\ . xf] of] s[lt ;flxTo ofqfs]f kSsL df]6/ af6f] xf] . oxfF sljtf
kl/is[t kl/dflh{t / cg'ejåf/f vfl/Psf ;flxTo t/ª\ux¿ emlNsPsf
5g\ . clwfsfz+ sljtfx¿ tTsfnLg ;dosf] /fhgLlts, ;fdflhs, cfly{s
kl/j]zdf l;lh{t 5g\ . o:tf ljifox¿nfO{ 6kSs l6k]/ ;+:s[tsf dxfslj
sflnbf;sf] z}nLdf >'ltdfw'o{ / s0f{lk|otfsf ;fy /fVg ;Sg'n] s[lt /
slj b'js } f] pRr d"Nof°g ug{ ;lsG5 . x'g t o; sljtf–;ª\u|xsf
clwsfz+ sljtfsf] d'Vo efj eg]sf] /fhtGqsf] cGTo / u0ftflGqs g]kfnsf]
:yfkgfsf lglDt qmflGt r]tgf hufpg' xf], t/ klg o;n] cGo ljifox¿
klg ;dfj]z ePsf 5g\ . j;GtCt'sf] j0f{g, cfdfsf] d"No dfGotf
afnaflnsfk|lt plrt Gofo x'g g;Sg' h:tf ljifo klg oxfF p7]sf 5g\ .
o;n] ubf{ of] sljtf ;ª\u|x ax'cfoflds k|s[ltsf] ag]sf] 5 . of] s[lt snf
/ ljrf/sf] pTs[i6 ;+of]hg xf] . o;n] :jtGqtf / ;dfgtf, /fli6«otf
:jfwLgtf / ;j{xf/f ju{sf kIfdf af]Ng] tdfd g]kfnLsf] cfjfhnfO{ ;flxlTos
u'~hg lbPsf] 5 . o'uoyfy{nfO{ sljn] cfˆg} 9+uaf6 JoQm u/]sf 5g\ .
oxfF sljtfx¿ ;j{kIfLo o'uLg, o'uaf]wL ag]sf 5g\ . o; k|sf/
c;'/ UofF; sljtf;ª\u|x slj 1jfnLsf] pRr, snfTds, ax'cfoflds /
nf]slk|o sljtfx¿sf] ;Fufnf] xf] eg] ;d;fdflos g]kfnL sljtfwf/fsf]
k|ltlglws[lt xf] eGg ;lsG5 .
;Gbe{ ;"lrM–
!= 1jfnL /fdk|;fb -@)^@_ c;'/UofF;, e'F8Lk'/f0f, k|sfzg sf7df8f}+ .
@= uf}td, nId0f -@)%$_ cfhsf] g]kfnL sljtfdf nf]stflGqs r]tgf, ul/df -@%M%M@(#_ k[ !(%–@)!=
#= kf08]o, tf/fsfGt -@)%^_ k|ultjfb / g]kfnL sljtf, :jo+ sf7df8f}+
$= afF:sf]6f ;fw'/fd -@)^%_ /fdk|;fb 1jfnLsf sljtf–sfJodf qmflGt r]t, :gfsf]Q/ tx zf]wkq lqljM
% z'e]R5's, /d]z -@)^$_ …slj /fdk|;fb 1jfnLsf] c;'/UofF;sf] ;'uGwÚ lbuf]blnt cfjfh -;fpg_ k[= *=
9 ;fb[Zotf sfod u/]/ /lrPsf] of] sfJodf eLd, o'lwli7/, b'of]w{ g, o'oT' ;' /
;dLIff–cª\s÷ 83
j} h oGtL–!#
wd{o¢' — k'/fgf] syfdf gofF ;Gbe{
xl/ 1jfnL
dbgkf]v/f, kfNkfdf hlGdPsf l8NnL/fh cof{n g]kfnd} hfG5' d
-@)#$sljtf;ª\u|x_af6 ;flxTofsfzdf b]vf k/]sf x'g\ . cWoog–cWofkg,
kqsfl/tf / n]vgdf nfdf] ;dob]lv ;fwgf/t cof{n syf, sljtf, lgaGw
-;+:d/0f, Joª\Uo, lgofqf_ ;dLIff, hLjgL, uhn xfOs", ;dfrf/ l6Kk0fL
tyf :tDe n]vgdf ;d]t ;ls|o /x]sf 5g\ . pgsf uB ljwfsf /x:o
-@)$& syf;ª\u|x_, /ftdf ;"o{ lbgdf tf/f -@)%& Joª\Uo;ª\u|x_, 3f]NsLdf
a:g] /x/ -@)^! ;+:d/0f;ª\u|x_ / g]kfnd} hfG5' d -@)#$ sljtf;ª\u|x_,
;l/tf -)$% v08sfJo_, 7"n] /fO{, eGg} k¥of] ;'Gg} k¥of] -)^)_ / wd{o¢'
-)^$ v08sfJo_ kB ljwfsf k':tsx¿ tyf kqklqsfdf k|z:t} k'm6s/
/rgfx¿ k|sflzt b]lvG5g\ . dxfef/tsf] syfnfO{ cfhsf] o'¢ ;Gbe{;uF
hf]8s ] f] wd{o'¢ -@)^$ v08sfJo_ pgsf] k|sflzt kl5Nnf] sfJo s[lt xf] .
# v08, $** Znf]s, !(%@ kª\lQmdf lj:tfl/t o; sfJosf] d'vk[i7df
cfFvf afFws ] L ufGwf/Lsf] lrq / k5fl8 kl/rofTds ljifoj:t' /x]sf 5g\ .
cfsif{s cfj/0f, demf}nf cfofd, ;+jfb, dgf]jfb / ;+:d/0ffTds z}nL]
;d]tsf] k|of]u ePsf] 5 . 5f]6f],] dL7f] / efj cg'sn " 5Gbdf /lrPsf] sfJon]
slj cof{nsf] jfl0f{s 5Gbdf l;¢x:ttf / sfJol;h{gdf s'zntfsf] ;Gb]z
lbPsf 5g\ .
dxfef/tn] k|ltef, Ifdtf, hf]z, hfFu/ eP/ klg ;w}+ df/df k/]sf
/ kL8f ;x]/ a;]sf kf08jx¿nfO{ gLlt–lgod, cfrf/–ljrf/, dfGohgsf]
;Nnfx–;'emfj, dfg–;Ddfg, nugzLntf cflbdf ct'ngLo rl/qsf ¿kdf
:yflkt u/]sf] 5 . u'0fs} sf/0f w]/s } f] ;xfg'el" t, :g]x / ;b\efj kfP klg
b'of]w{ g, b'Mzf;gsf] b'lg{otn] sl7g kl/l:ylt ef]Ug ljjz 5g\ . To:tf]
kl/l:yltdf kf08jsf] xs bfaLaf6 ePsf] dflgg] dxfef/to'¢sf] c;/ /
;Demgfaf6 sljx[bo cfh klg Jolyt 5 . ltg} rl/q, To:t} 5n–k|k~r /
o'¢sf] lg/Gt/tf cfh klg /x]sf] k|;Ë;Fu hf]8/] of] o; sfJodf cfVofgtGt'sf]
l;h{gf ul/Psf] 5—
ctLtsf] Tof] Oltxf; cfh g;f g;fdf cem bf}l8+b5 }
la;]/{ lal;{Gg gofF gofF e} cufl8 cfˆg} cem t]l;{b+ 5 } . !÷@
ljZjdf rln/x]sf o'¢sf 36gf–kl/36gfx¿sf] ;dflKtsf] sNkgf
ug]{ dfgj;d'bfosf] lgoltsf ;Gbe{df Tof]] o'¢nfO{ cfhsf] 36gf;Fu
ufGwf/Lh:tf dxfef/tsf kl/lrt kfqsf dfWodaf6 dxfef/tsf] / cfhsf]
84÷;dLIff–cª\s
j} h oGtL–!#
-vf; u/L g]kfnsf]_ o'¢sf] oyfy{ lrq ptfg]{ k|of; ul/Psf] 5 . o;
sfJon] x/]s dfgj;Fu 3/3/df, dgdgdf kL8faf]w x'g] o:tf] o'¢ slxn];Dd <
lsg < / s]sf nflu < eGg] k|Zg p7fO/xG5—
sfJo eLd–o'lwli7/sf aLr …o'¢ ug}k{ 5{Ú / …;s];Dd ug{ x'GgÚ eGg]
åGådf cfwfl/t klxnf], b'of]w{ g–o'oT' ;' / ufGwf/Lsf km/s–km/s k|sl[ tsf
dd{:kzL{ cleJolQm, ;Qfsf] dft nfu]sf dfG5]sf] ;f]rsf ;fy} x7L / O{iof{ns ' f]
rl/q / To:tfnfO{ /fd|f] ;Nnfx Pj+ ;xof]u lbg'sf] kl/0ffdsf] ljj]rgdf
s]lGb|t bf];f| ] / dxfef/to'¢ jf g]kfnsf] nf]stGqk|flKtsf] o'¢sf a]nfsf] hg–
dfgl;stfsf] oyfy{ k|:t'ltdf s]lGb|t t];f| ; ] d]t tLg v08df ljeQm 5 .
;flxTosf ljljw ljwfdf snd rnfpFb} cfPsf sljsf] s'zn lzNk
o; sfJodf tLj| ¿kdf d'vl/t ePsf] 5 . ljifoj:t' Pj+ snfkIfdf ;d]t
sljn] /fd|} s'zntf k|bz{g u/]sf 5g\ .
g]kfndf nfdf] ;dob]lv rn]sf] o'¢nfO{ dxfef/tsf] o'¢;Fu ;dfof]hg
ul/Psf] of] sfJon] hgtfsf OR5f, cfsfª\Iff / o'¢sf] kl/0ffdsf] ljZn]if0f
ub}{ dxfef/tsf] o'¢ g;lsPsf] lrq k|:t't u/]sf] 5 . o'¢ g;lsg'sf] sf/0f
k|j[lQ aGg k'us ] f b'of]w{ g, b'Mzf;g / zs'lgh:tf vn kfqx¿ gd/]sf]
3f]if0ff ug's
{ f ;fy} ufGwf/Lsf] dfgl;s åGåsf dfWodaf6 ;Qfdf a;]/
cfFvf lrDng'sf] kl/0ffd af]w ePkl5sf ;Qf;Lgx¿sf] :jfefljs lrq
k|:t't u/]sf] 5 .
Ho"Fb} 5 b'of]w{ g sf] d/]5 < Ho"Fb} 5 b'Mzf;g sf] d/]5 <
5 rfn p:t} 5n5fd p:t} 5nL h'jf8] klg hLljt} 5 . #÷*
b]zdf åGå rln/x]5 . ;Qfdf a;]sf] w[t/fi6«sf b'of]w{ g, b'Mzf;gh:tf
b'i6 ;Gtfgsf unt lqmofsnfk / ltgsf jl/kl/ /x]/ cfˆgf] JolQmTj
u'dfPsf, dof{bf la;]s { f b|f0] f, eLid, s[k, zs'lgh:tf /fHosf x:tLx¿ of
t r"k nfu]/ a;]sf 5g\ of t unt sfo{df ;xefuL ePsf 5g\ . dxfef/tsf]
36gf;Fu g]kfnL kl/j]zsf]] of] ;+of]hg Psbd} ;fGble{s ag]sf] 5 . g]kfnL
;dfh, g]kfndf rln/x]sf] o'¢;Fu sfJodf jl0f{t kl/j]z, ljifoj:t' Psfsf/
ePsf 5g\ . o;/L sfJon] ljifoj:t'sf] ;fGble{stf, syfsf] a'gf]6, kfq
rogh:tf sfJosf ;f/ kIfnfO{ ;dft]sf] 5 . zf:qLo 5Gb, eflifs
;Gt'ng, cnÍf/sf] ;d'lrt k|of]u / ;nNn au]sf] lgd{n ;l/tfsf] ultdfg\
k|jfx sfJodf e]l6G5 . ;f/ / ¿k kIfsf] ;'Gb/tfn] sfJo pRTs[i6 ag]sf] 5 .
k|:t't 5g\ —sfJodf e]l6g] cl3Nnf b'O{ / kl5Nnf b'O{ kfpdf, t];|f]
afx]ssf tLg} kfpdf / ;a} kfpdf km/s–km/s lsl;dn] cGTofg'k|f;
ldnfOPsf ;'Gb/ Pj+ cg's/0fLo sljtfsf s]xL pbfx/0fx¿—
klxnf]–bf];|f] / t];|f–] Rff}yf] kfpsf kl5Nnf PsPs zAbdf dfq cg'k|f;
n8L 3/}sf ;a bfh'efO dg]{ / dfg]{ qmd /f]SgnfO{
;s] To;}n] 3/ :ju{ kf5{ n8\bf ljgf sf/0f b]z xf5{ . @÷*(
klxnf], bf];|f] / Rff}yf] kfpsf kl5Nnf PsPs zAbdf k'g/fj[lQ M
;dLIff–cª\s÷ 85
j} h oGtL–!#
otf n8fP an yKgnfO{ ptf n8fP wg yKgnfO{
w]/h
} ;f]sf] dt Ps x'GYof] htftt} d'lZsn yKgnfO{ . @÷!@(
klxnf], bf];|f] / t];|f] Rff}yf] kfpsf cl3Nnf b'O{ b'O{ zAbdf / lqmofdf
;dfgtf, cl3Nnf b'O{ / kl5Nnf b'O{ kfpdf cGTofg'k|f; M
lrDn]/ cfFvf ul/Fbg} dfof lrDn]/ cfFvf 5l/Fbg} dfof
lrDn]/ cfFvf 5l/Fbg} Hof]lt lrDn]/ cfFvf lrlgFbg} df]tL . @÷@!*
klxnf]–t]];|f] kfpdf b'O{b'O{ / bf]];|f]–Rff}yf] kfpdf PsPs lqmofdf
cg'k|f; M
ljjfb rs{Gg, n8fOF x'Gg ljå]if, O{iof{, z7tf /xGg,
pR5]b rNb}g, cefj x'Gg, a]ˆjfFsdf ;Í6df kl/Gg . #÷$
rf/} kfpsf kl5Nnf PsPs zAb / w]/} j0f{df ;dfgtf M
pT;fxdf 5g\, cledfgdf 5g\, ;ª\u|fd lhTg] cleofgdf 5g\
ljZjf;df 5g\, Jojxf/df 5g\, cs}{ cnUu} cg'xf/df 5g\ . @÷#&
zAbn] dfq xf]Og, efj, z}nL cflbsf b[li6n] ;d]t o; sljtfdf h'g
rdTsf/ b]vf k/]sf] 5 To:t} rdTsf/ cGo y'k|} sljtfdf 5g\ .
bf];|f–] rf}yf] kfpsf] kl5Nnf / klxnf]–t];|fs
] f] cl3Nnf zAbdf ;dfgtf
k|To]s b'of]w{ gsf k5fl8 ;b}j b'Mzf;g s0f{ lx8\5g\
Ps]s b'Mzf;gn] ;efdf gª\Uofpg] v]n;d]t v]N5g\ . #÷!$
;dfgvfn] lqmof, Pj+ klxnf]–bf];|f] / t];|f–] rf}yf]df b]lvPsf] ;dfgtf,
;f]lwGg, vf]lhGg, a'lemGg dd{ cGofo g} aGb5 /fhwd{
af]lnGg af]n] klg So} x'Fbg} c;Xo kL8f g;xL x'Fbg} . @÷!%#
o;/L zAb / cy{ rdTsf/sf cf8df cfhsf] oyfy{sf ljljw kIfnfO{
;kmntfk"j{s p7fpFb}, efOefOaLrsf] åGå b]z, ;dfh / 3/kl/jf/sf
lglDt clxts/ x'G5 eGg] ;Gb]z lbg] of] sfJo k'/fgf] syfj:t'df cfwfl/t
gofF ljrf/ / ;Gbe{ lbg] dfld{s cleJolQmx¿sf] ;ª\u|x xf] eGg ;lsG5 .
gofF z}nLdf k'/fgf] ljifoj:t', cfVofgtGt'df gjLgtf, cg'e"ltdf
tLj|tf, ;"lQmdotf / ;Gb]zd"nstf h:tf ;an kIfsf ;fy of] sfJo k'/fgf
kfq jf rl/qsf] 5fofsf dfWodaf6 ljut / jt{dfg cj:yfsf] af]w u/fpFb}
gofF–k'/fgf 36gfsf] cg'el" t Pj+ :jfb lbg ;kmn 5 . o;sf] cfˆgf] cnUu}–
;fj{sflns dxÎj 5 . pbfx/0fsf nflu x]/f}+ of] sljtf .
ag]/ gf/L 3/af/ ef]uF] ag]/ /fgL b/af/ ef]uF]
P]Zjo{ ef]uF] ;'v r}g ef]uF] of] /fHosf] ;f/ cgGt ef]uF] . !/!&%
lrDn]/ cfFvf kl/0ffd b]Vg kfOGg Tof] kfpg k5{ x]g{
;x]/ cGofo enf] x'Fbg} ;a} ;xL df}g a;]/ x'Gg . !/!!
…cGofo ;xg x'GgÚ eGg] sljsf] cfzo eLd;]gsf dfWodaf6 dWodfuL{
dt Tofu]/ cl3 a9\gk' 5{ eGg] ljrf/sf ;fy o;/L k|:t't ePsf] 5 .
agL ls of]uL tk a:g'k5{ n8L ls cfˆgf] xs vf]:g'k5{
xf], dWodfuL{ dt TofUg'k5{ b'isd{ ;|i6f ;a gf:g'k5{ . !÷#*
86÷;dLIff–cª\s
j} h oGtL–!#
lxhf]sf] ljifoj:t'nfO{ cfhsf] ;Gbe{;Fu hf]8/] ;xh tl/sfn] k|:t't
ug{] sljsf] of] lzNk k|z; + gLo 5 . pgL gf/Lx¿n] ef]Ug'k/]sf cGofo /
cTofrf/nfO{ ToxL syfleq}af6 cfhsf] ;Gbe{df o;/L hf]8\g k'U5g\ —
5g\ b|fk} bLsf cg'xf/ w]/} kL8f, Joyf, b'Mv / si6 w]/}
b]v/] b'of]w{ g s0f{ w]/} :j¿k y'k|} ca b]V5' d]/} . !÷!($
sljsf] cg'el" tdf b|fk} bL] / cfhsf gf/Lx¿sf] kL8f Psfsf/ ePsf] 5 .
cfh klg xfd|f] ;dfhdf k/kL8s b'of]w{ g / p;nfO{ an lbg] s0f{sf
y'k|} cg'xf/ b]lvG5g\ . gª\UofOPsf, nfrf/ ag]sf / u'xf/ gkfP/ kL8faf]w
x'g] gf/Lsf lxhf] / cfhsf syf p:t} 5g\ .
;dfhdf k|a'¢x¿ w]/} b]lvG5g\ . ltgn] ;fdflhs, kfl/jfl/s
cJoj:yfdf o'¢sf] ;Defjgf b]Vg / To;af6 pDsg, pDsfpg, ;dfhnfO{
/fd|f] af6f]df nufpg, o'¢sf] rk]6faf6 hf]ufpg ;Sg'kg{] xf], t/ To;f] x'g
;s]g . ltgn] To;f] ug{ ;s]gg\ . slj ltgnfO{ o;/L Joª\Uo u5{g\—
rNnf / d]/f] 3/leq o'¢ < hxfF ;a} dflg; 5g\ k|a'¢
eGy]—
+ gldNbf dt of] 3/}df ;Ns]5 ls åGå ;a}–;a}df . @÷!!#
dfG5]sf k|ltefnfO{ guGg], dfof–ddtfnfO{ g;xg] k|j[lQaf6 hGdg]
o'¢ TolQs} ;lsGg eGg] sljsf] ljrf/ o;/L JoQm ul/Psf] 5–
hxfF s;}sf] k|ltef ulgGg, a'lemGg dfof, ddtf ;lxGg
/dL /dfO{ dgdf /lxGg, ToxfF x'g] o'¢ s'g} ;lsGg . @÷!#^
slj ljrf/ jf b[li6nfO{ dxÎjk"0f{ dfG5g\ / To;sf kIfdf o;/L
k|s6 x'G5g\—
…dfG5] eg]sf] klg b[li6 g} xf]Ú . @/@!@
…db}g{ s}No} ;'ljrf/ bfO,Ú @/!#*
…afFw/] cfFvf ha a:g yfn]F+ oyfy{ la;L{ e|d kfNg yfn]F+ Ú. @/!&&
yf]/} zAbdf w]/} s'/f elgPsf] 5 . …xf/] uof] sf}/jsf] /hfOFÚ eg]/
dxfef/tsf] ;'?df hgtfsf] dgdf ePsf] pT;'stfnfO{ g]kfnL hgtfsf]
dfgl;stf;Fu Psfsf/ u/fOPsf] 5 . kf08jn] lht], /fHo kfP . sf}/jn]
xf/], ltgsf] /fHo u'Dof] . hgtf h:tfsf] t:t} . ltgsf lglDt sf}/jn] xfg'{
/ kf08jn] lhTg'sf] s] cy{ < eGg]] cfzonfO{ o;/L JoQm ul/Psf] 5 —
;'w|G5 rfnf Jojxf/ aG5, n8fOF /f]lsG5 ldnfk x'G5
v]lnGg kfzf 5n aGb x'G5, s'sd{ ;f/f ca aGb x'G5 . #÷ @
;'lgGg ;Nnfx s'g} 5nLsf], algGg af]sf] alnsf] anLsf]
cGofo kb}g{ ;x]/ a:g, ;Sb}g sf]xL xs efu vf]:] g . #÷ #
…ljrf/ lglb{i6 ;dfhaf6 rNg]5 xfd|f] ca /fhkf7 Ú eGg]] k|dv' ;f]r
/ ljZjf; Tolt a]nf hgtfsf dgdf hfu]sf] lyof], t/ To;f] ePg . cj:yf
;'lw|Pg . cJoj:yf ;lsPg . xs u'Dg], dfG5] jg hfg] / a:g] l:ylt oyfjt\
/Xof] . o:tf] lsg < eGg] k|Zg lxhf] p7\of], cfh p7\b5
} / ef]ln klg p7\g5
slj, d/] elgPsf tL kfqx¿ cfh klg hLljt} b]V5g\ / eG5g\—
] .
;dLIff–cª\s÷ 87
j} h oGtL–!#
Ho'Fb5
} b'of{w] g Û sf] d/]5 < Ho'Fb5
} b'Mzf;g Û sf] d/]5 <
5 rfn p:t} 5n5fd p:t} 5nL h'jf8] klg hLljt} 5 . #÷ *
ltgs} :jfy{, nf]e, 5n5fd / cb"/blz{tfsf sf/0f eLid, b|f0] fh:tf
vDaf / cledGo', 36f]Tsr, aa{l/sh:tf k|ltefx¿ dfl/g] qmd oyfjt\ 5 .
slj oxL s'/fnfO{ o;/L JoQm u5{g\ .
dxf/yLsf 5n5fd leq} lszf]/ nfvf}+ …cledGo'Ú d5{g\ . #÷ @$
5Gbsf] k|:t'lt, zAbrog / cg'k|f;sf pbfx/0fLo tyf cg's/0fLo
z}nL Pj+ :j¿ksf ;fy} jfl0f{s 5Gbsf] ;kmntd k|of]u o; sfJosf
dxÎjk"0f{ kIf /x]sf 5g\ . kl/is[t / kl/dflh{t z}nL, pkhflt 5Gb, leGg–
leGg cnÍf/x¿, rngrNtLsf pvfg 6'Ssf, ;Gb]zdf ;"lQmdotf / s?0f
/; cflb] sfJosf cfsif{s tÎj ag]sf 5g\ .
cg'el" tsf] tLj|tf, zAb / kfqrogdf s'zntf, ;dfg ljifoj:t'df
k[ys ;Gbe{ / efj–;+of]hg, nf]stGq, gf/L–:jtGqtf, zflGt–;'l:y/tf,
xs–clwsf/, /fi6« / ;dfh, g]t] fx¿df b]lvPsf] cb"/blz{tf, :jfy{, nxnx}df
nfu]/ ug]{ lg0f{o, ;dGjosf] sdL, Tofu, d]nsf] cefj cflbnfO{ hf]8bf/
¿kdf p7fpg' o;sf dxÎjk"0f{ kIf /x]sf 5g\ . sljsf] ;fwgfn] ;kmntfsf]
lzv/ r'Dg k'us ] f] 5 .
;du|df sfJo p2]Zod"ns, ;dfh cg'sn " , ;'iki6, ;'Gb/ / ;fGble{s
5 . jfl0f{s nofTdstfdf /lrPsf] / gjLg k¢ltdf ;lhPsf] of] sfJo
kf}/fl0fs kfq, syfj:t' eP/ klg gofF ;Gbe{, gofF ;f]r / ;Gb]z lbg]
p2]Zodf cfwfl/t 5 . ljrf/–åGåsf] pTsif{, kl/is[t efiffz}nL, 5Gb /
cnÍf/sf] ;d'lrt k|of]u, km/s sf]0fsf] k|:t'lt, pko'Qm zLif{s rog cflb
sfJosf pNn]Vo kIf /x]sf 5g\ . rLTsf/, O{iof{, cZqh:tf zAbdf Jofs/0f
e'ns] f] b]lvP klg sfJo pNn]Vo 5 . k7gLo, dggLo, / ;ª\u|x0fLo 5 .
o;nfO{ kl/>d u/]/ cem ;'Gb/ agfpg ;Sg] cj:yfnfO{ gsfg{ ;lsGg
tfklg cem pNn]Vo sfJo /rgfsf] ck]Iff eg] ug{ ;lsG5 .
9
s] tkfO{+n]
zAbfy{ k|sfzgsf :s"n–
af]l8{ª / sn]hsf k':tsx?
k9\g–
' k9fpg'ePsf] 5 ‡
88÷;dLIff–cª\s
j} h oGtL–!#
;dfnf]rgf af/] ;fdfGo rrf{
ofbj e§/fO{
n]vssf] s'g} /rgfnfO{ …s[ltÚ elgG5 . sljtf, syf, lgaGw, pkGof;,
gf6s cflb ;flxTos e]b g} ;flxTosf ljwf x'g\ . ;flxTonfO{ efiffsf] ljlzi6
k|of]uåf/f k|:t't ul/G5 . ljleGg ljwfdf k|:t't x'g] /rgfsf] cfˆg} s[ltut d"No
jf ljz]iftf x'g] ub{5 . x/]s ljwfsf /rgfsf cfcfˆg} tŒjx¿ x'G5g\ . o;/L
tŒjsf cfwf/df ul/g] s'g} klg ljwfsf] s[ltut ljz]iftfsf] d"Nofª\sgnfO{ g}
s[lt;dLIff jf k':ts;dLIff elgG5 . s'g} klg s[ltsf] d"Nofª\sg To;df lglxt
u'0f / bf]ifsf cfwf/df ul/G5 . ljj]rgf, ljZn]if0f, cfn]frgf, ;dfn]frgf,
d"Nofªsgh:tf zAbx¿n] …;dLIffÚ s} ;dfgfyL{ ¿k wf/0f u/]sf] kfOG5 . o;
k|sf/ ;dLIffn] s'g} s[ltk|lt ljlwjt\ cleJoSQ k|ltlqmofnfO{ a'emfpF5 .
g]kfnL ;flxTodf ;dLIff ;dfn]frgf k/Dk/fsf] ;'?jft df]lt/fd
e§sf] pbokl5 ePsf] dflgG5 . ;dfnf]rgf jf ;dLIffsf ;DaGwdf g]kfnL tyf
ljb]zL ljåfg\x¿af6 cfcfˆg} lsl;dsf ljleGg cledtx¿ k|:t't ePsf 5g\ .
æs'g} ljifoj:t' jf s'/fsf /fd|f g/fd|f kIfsf] d"Nofª\sg lgikIftf;fy ug]{ sfd
jf s'g} ;flxTosf/sf ljz]iftf jf ;flxlTos u'0fbf]ifsf] j:t'ut ljj]rgf
;dfnf]rgf xf] . s'g} u|Gy, n]v, JolSt cflbsf u'0fbf]ifs]f ;Dos\ xf] .Æ g]kfnL
a[xt\ zAbsf]zn] ;dLIff jf ;dfnf]rgfnfO{ o;/L kl/eflift u/]sf] kfOG5 .
;dfnf]rs /fds[i0f zdf{ eG5g\–…;'vb' M' v, /fd|f] g/fd|f,] dg kbf]{ gkbf]{
OToflb s'/fsf] dlitisdf ha ljj]rgf x'G5, To;sf kl/0ffd:j¿k ;dfn]frgfsf]
hGd x'G5 .Ú o;/L ;flxTodf ;dfnf]rgf ug]x{ ¿sf] nfd} ;"rL tof/ eO;s]sf]
5 . df]tL/fd e§b]lv ;'? ePsf] g]kfnL ;dfnf]rgf–n]vgsf] ofqfdf ;"ol{ jqmd
1jfnL, nIdLk|;fb b]jsf]6f, ob'gfy vgfn, O{Zj/ a/fn, jf;'b\ j] lqkf7L, bof/fd
>]i7, s]zjk|;fb pkfWofo, d]fxg/fh zdf{, 3gZofd sF8n ] , s'df/axfb'/ hf]zL,
7fs'/ k/fh'nL, uf]kLs[i0f zdf{, /fh]Gb| ;'jb] L cflb x'bF } s'df/ sf]O/fnf, s[i0fk|;fb
bfxfn, b'uf{k; | fb cof{n, nId0fk|;fb uf}td, /fdk|;fb 1jfnL, ;'wf lqkf7L, g]q
P6d nufotsf cGo y'k}| :jgfdwGo JolQmTjx¿ ultzLn ePsf b]lvG5g\ .
To; cl3 k"jL{o jfª\dodf cfrf{o e/td'lgn] k|ydtM ;dfnf]rgfsf
If]qdf snd rnfPsf] b]lvG5 . To;kl5 efdx, b08L, jfdg, s'Gts, cfgGbj4{g,
cfrfo{ If]dG] b|, ljZjgfy, dDd6, hob]j, /fhz]v/ cflbn] cfcfˆg} 9ª\uaf6
sfJos]f cg'zLng u/]sf 5g\ . o;} ;Gbe{df e§ nf]Nn6, >Lzª\s,' e§gfos,
clegj u'Kt cflbn] klg sfJosf] cfTdfnfO{ d'Vo cfwf/ dfg]/ sfJosf] d"Nofª\sg
u/]sf 5g\ . k"jL{o jfª\dosf ;dfnf]rsx¿ sltkon] lzNk, sNkgf, efj, ljrf/
cflb tŒjnfO{ dxÎj lbPsf] kfOG5 .
o;} u/L kfZrfTo ;flxTodf ;dfnf]rgfsf] cfjZostfnfO{ 7Dofpg]
klxnf] JolQm ;'s/ft x'g\ . To;kl5 Kn]6f] / c/:t' cfP . kfZrfTo ;flxTo
;dLIff–cª\s÷89
j} h oGtL–!#
;fdfn]frgfdf qmdzM qmf]r,] xf]/;] , :ofd'cn hf]G;g, sfnf{On, cfO= P= l/r8{;\ , 6L=
P;= Olno6, hh{ns ' fhn]] klg of]ubfg 5g\ . k|mfo8, sfn{dfS;{ cflbn] klg
sfJosf] d"Nofª\sgsf ;Gbe{df cfˆgf] cledt k|s6 u/]sf 5g\ .
cGo ljwfsf t'ngfdf ;dfn]frgf–ljwfnfO{ cln a9L hf]lvdk"0f{
dflgG5 . k|ltef, ;'lglZrttf, ;dembf/L, pRrljrf/, lgikIftf, ;x[botf,
u'0fu|fxLtf, cg'el" tzLntf, w}o,{ pT;fx, nugzLntf / lgeL{stfh:tf u'0fx¿
;dfnf]rsdf x'g' k' 5{ egL slj efg'eQm kf]v/]nn] pNn]v u/]sf 5g\ . To;} u/L
g]kfnL ;dnf]rsx¿n] cy{af]w, kl/l:yltaf]w, nIoaf]w, ;f}Gbo{af]w, t'ngfTds
k/LIff, zlSt / ;Gt'ng cflbnfO{ ;dfn]frgfsf cfjZos tŒj dfg]sf 5g\ eg]
dfS;{jfbL dfGotfcg';f/ s'g} klg s[ltsf] ;dfnf]rgfsf nflu d"No, dfkb08
/ d"Nofª\sgnfO{ cfjZos tŒj dflgPs]f 5 .
o;} ;Gbe{df ;dfnf]rgfnfO{ ljleGg k|sf/df juL{s/0f ul/Psf] kfOG5 .
s;}n] kGw|, s;}n] gf} / s;}n] ;ft k|sf/sf egL g]kfnL ;dfnf]rgfnfO{
5'6\ofOPsf] kfOG5 . o;/L x]bf{ k|efjjfbL, cg'ejjfbL, P]ltxfl;s, dgf]j1 } flgs,
lg0f{ofTds, cleJo~hgjfbL, hLjgLk/s, t'ngfTds ;fdflhs oyfy{jfbL,
-k|ultjfbL, ef}ltsjfbL jf dfS;{jfbL_, zf:qLotfjfbL jf kl/isf/jfbL,
:jR5GbtfjfbL, JofVofTds, g};lu{s, u'0fb]fiffTds, efiffz}nLk/s, cfTdk|wfg,
;}4flGts, cGj]if0fk/s, k|fl1s, ;dsfnLg, gf/LjfbL, ;+/rgfjfbL nufotsf
;dfnf]rgf k|0ffnL klg g]kfnL ;flxTodf k|rngdf /x]sf] kfOG5 .
g]kfnL ;dfnf]rgf–n]vgsf] k/Dk/fnfO{ x]bf{ k"jL{o / kfZrfTo b'j}
;dfnf]rgf k4ltnfO{ cfwf/ agfP/ g]kfnL ;flxTosf ;dfn]frsx¿ cl3
a9]sf] kfOG5 . To; cy{df g]kfnL ;dfn]frgfdf :jR5GbtfjfbL, oyfy{jfbL,
k|s[ltjfbL, k|ultjfbL, lj;ª\ltjfbL, cl:tTjjfbL cflb kfZrfTo ;dfnf]rgfsf
ljljw dtnfO{ ;dft]/ ;flxlTos s[ltsf] cg'zLng ul/Ps]f kfOG5 eg] cnª\sf/,
/Llt, jqmf]lSt, Wjlg, cf}lrTo, /;, u'0f, 5Gb cflb k"jL{o ;dfnf]rgfsf ljleGg
cledtnfO{ cfwf/ agfP/ klg sfJosf] kl/zLng ul/Psf] kfOG5 .
g]kfnL ;dfnf]rgf–n]vgsf] jt{dfg cj:yfdf o;sf u'0f, d"No /
dfGotfnfO{ cfwf/ gagfO{ ;dfnf]rgfdf k|j[Q x'g] gfpFx¿sf] klg nfd} ;"rL
b]vf k5{ . o; lsl;dsf n]vgx¿ ;txL x'G5g\ / ;dLIo s[ltsf] d"Nofªsgdf
lgikIftfsf] cefj b]vf kg]{ x'Fbf ;dfnf]rsLo Ifdtfsf] cefjdf b'36{ gf x'G5
eGg' cGoyf x'g] 5}g . csf]l{ t/, s[ltsf] u'0fsf t'ngfdf cltk|z; + f ul/g]
k|j[lQn] ubf{ klg g]kfnL ;dfnf]rgf–k/Dk/f / o;sf] ljsf;df s]xL cj/f]w b]vf
k/]sf] x'g ;S5 . o; kl/l:yltdf g]kfnL ;dfnf]rgf–k/Dk/fnfO{ cfˆg} d"No /
dfGotfsf cfwf/df lgikIftf;lxt cl3 a9fpg'kg]{ cfjZostf b]lvG5 .
;Gbe{;fdu|L
!= lqkf7L, jf;'b]j / cGo -;Dkfbs_ -@)%@_, g]kfnL a[xt\ zAbsf]z, g]kfn k|1f k|lti7fg .
@= e§/fO{, afns[i0f -@)^^_, …;dfnf]rgfM Ps ;ªlIfKt rrf{Ú, j}hoGtL, cª\s !, k[= &$–&*.
#= e§/fO{, ofbj -@)^!_, …kqklqsfdf k':ts ;dLIffÚ, hgd}qL :dfl/sf, rf}yf] cª\s, k[= **–($ .
9